CN105859408A - Spray seeding matrix and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Spray seeding matrix and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105859408A CN105859408A CN201610217817.3A CN201610217817A CN105859408A CN 105859408 A CN105859408 A CN 105859408A CN 201610217817 A CN201610217817 A CN 201610217817A CN 105859408 A CN105859408 A CN 105859408A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a spray seeding matrix and a preparation method thereof. In the spray seeding matrix provided by the invention, the soil, straw, adhesive and fertilizer are used as main raw materials which are doped with some of construction waste; and by adopting a combination of special dosage ratio, the obtained spray seeding matrix has high strength, the stability can be maintained for a long time, the fertilizer efficiency lasts long, the cost is low, and the greening effect can be effectively improved. By adding the spray seeding matrix into the construction waste, the slope stability can be effectively improved, the greening quality is increased, and the investment cost is lowered. The spray seeding matrix provided by the invention improves the problems such as relatively bad structure, relatively few granular structures and nutrient lack of the soil formed after the spray seeding of the traditional matrix and the problem of instability caused by adhesive failure. The indexes of the spray seeding matrix can reach the traditional matrix standard, wherein the early-stage growth condition of the plant, the plant biomass, the soil fertility, the erosion resistance and the like are all greatly improved. The preparation method of the spray seeding matrix provided by the invention is simple in technology, low in cost and suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil-water protection technical field, sow grass seeds by duster substrate and preparation method thereof in particular to one.
Background technology
Alien earth sparging be the mixture such as plant seed, fertilizer, water-retaining agent, binding agent, turfy soil are sufficiently mixed after, uniformly it is sprayed onto, by high pressure equipment and spraying machine, the engineering that need to protect by design thickness domatic, reaches fast greening by rational maintenance management plant growing and consolidate barren domatic purpose.Substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster self has certain stability, can be vegetation supply nutrient and moisture simultaneously, it has recovered the ecosystem that destroys because engineering construction exploitation, cultivates firm side slope and the vegetation harmonious with surrounding enviroment, can accomplish as early as possible and correct return to nature greening state inherently.Seed spraying technology originates from Great Britain and America, actively promotes in Japan, it has also become one of most commonly used ecological vestige.The Seed spraying technology of China is introduced by Japan, and extensively applies in urban road greening side slope.
On the other hand, China's construction scope continuous enlargement creates a large amount of construction waste, traditional countryside air storage or landfill disposal take a large amount of land resource and can cause environmental pollution, and the equal reproducible utilization of multiple material such as concrete, brick and tile, wood waste in construction waste.But during regeneration, large-particle-size aggregate and the too small small particle aggregate of particle diameter are underutilized.
At present sow grass seeds by duster formed the artificial soil later stage there is the phenomenon that nutrient substance scarcity causes vegetation coverage to reduce；According to actual slope protection works present situation, good doping of the binding agent kind that present stage is sold on the market, exist and binding agent action time too short cause alien earth sparging Soil and water conservation to slacken, slope stability reduces, and brings infinite potential safety hazard.
In view of this, the special proposition present invention.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide one to sow grass seeds by duster substrate, and it is high that described substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster has intensity, can keep stable for a long time, and the fertilizer efficiency time is long, low cost, it is possible to be effectively improved the advantages such as afforestation effect.
The second object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of a kind of described substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, and the method technique is simple, and low cost is suitable to large-scale production.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy by the following technical solutions:
One is sowed grass seeds by duster substrate, described in substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster mainly prepared by the raw material of following consumption:
In terms of mass fraction, 5000-25000 part soil, 2500-12500 part straw, 20-50 part water-retaining agent, 10-15 part binding agent, 12000-20000 part fertilizer；
The construction waste of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster described in accounting for cumulative volume 1%-20%.
Present invention substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster with soil, straw, binding agent and fertilizer as primary raw material, doped portion construction waste, use specific usage ratio to combine, gained matrix strength of sowing grass seeds by duster is high, can keep stable for a long time, and the fertilizer efficiency time is long, low cost, it is possible to be effectively improved afforestation effect.Add, with construction waste, substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, slope stability can be effectively improved, improve greening quality and reduce input cost.
The present invention sows grass seeds by duster the substrate problem that improves that the structure that the soil formed after traditional matrices is sowed grass seeds by duster exists is poor, crumb structure is less, nutrient substance is deficient etc., and the problem causing unstability due to adhesive failure.
Present invention substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster compares with traditional matrices, present invention substrate indices of sowing grass seeds by duster all can reach traditional matrices standard, wherein plant early growth situation, phytomass, soil fertility, erosion resistibility etc. all have a distinct increment, the water of substrate of making to sow grass seeds by duster is protected effect and has been promoted, and improves greening quality and reduces input cost.And the method widened construction waste and utilized scope, improve the utilization rate of construction waste.
Substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster is added, it is possible to be effectively improved slope stability, improve greening quality and reduce input cost with construction waste.Construction waste applies to Seed spraying technology simultaneously, will improve the utilization rate of construction waste, is conducive to promoting the resource of China's construction waste.
Preferably, substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster described in is mainly prepared by the raw material of following consumption:
In terms of mass fraction, 10000-20000 part soil, 5000-10000 part straw, 30-40 part water-retaining agent, 11-14 part binding agent, 14000-18000 part fertilizer；
The construction waste of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster described in accounting for cumulative volume 5%-15%.
Substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster described in it is further preferred that is mainly prepared by the raw material of following consumption:
In terms of mass fraction, 15000 parts of soil, 7500 parts of straws, 35 parts of water-retaining agent, 12.5 parts of binding agents, 15972 parts of fertilizer；
The construction waste of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster described in accounting for cumulative volume 10%.
Water-retaining agent is a kind of water-absorbing resins, is that one can be used for regulating soil moisture, nutrient, keeps soil to push up moisture, improvement soil, the new formulation of raising crop yield, is agricultural water conservation, joint important measures fertile, that persistently volume increase, liquid manure efficiently utilize.This kind of material contains the gene that absorbs water by force that a large amount of structure is special, the pure water of thousands of times of absorbable own wt hundreds times.Soil compaction can be alleviated, improve the gas permeability of soil, add ore deposit state trace element, promote plant root system development and plant growing；Irrigation frequency and expense can be reduced, can be with Fertilizer nutrient agent, pesticide etc. are used together raising fertilizer efficiency, promote seed germination, improve plant percent and the speed of growth, improve crop yield, greatly reduce fertilizer, soil losses, promote that soil system is grown, improve lean soil, strengthen the ventilative of soil and water retaining function；Crop normal growth under sweltering heat and drought condition can be made.The water-retaining agent polymer chain structure added can strengthen the cohesion between easy disperse particles, microgranule is enable to cohere each other, it is agglomerated into water-stable granule, thus cause the change that particle diameter forms, form relatively buckshot aggregate structure in soil, to apply water-retaining agent Soil Microorganism can be promoted movable, improve the utilization ratio of soil nutrient；And adding water-retaining agent in animal wastes solution in waste water can be with nutrients such as the N P and K in adsorbent solution.
Artificial soil, at domatic anaclisis and stability problem, is related generally to the raising problem of the Physical Mechanicals such as the caking property of soil, cohesiveness and plasticity, can be solved with proportioning by the Appropriate application of binding agent, soil stabilizer and Plant fiber.The use of binding agent, it is provided that bonding force higher between fiber and soil and fiber, can prevent the loss of the artificial soil that wind and rainwater cause, and its reasonable employment relates equally to the type of soil.Its inherent viscosity of the soil of differing texture is different, and the addition of binding agent should difference.Sand loam soil quantity will more greatly, and clayed soil quantity can be cut down according to the circumstance, and soil can quantity use routinely.During the sowing grass seeds by duster of mixing slurry, binding agent also has lubrication, prevents fibrous caking, reduces mixing and starches the effect of passage resistance in pipeline and water pump.The major function of binding agent is to improve the wood fiber to the adhesion property of soil and to make to be mutually bonded between fiber, does not falls off with layer blowing-resistant that ensure to sow grass seeds by duster, rain punching.Binding agent should be mutually matched with water-retaining agent and not weaken respective function, also requires that lawn and environmentally friendly simultaneously.
Preferably, described binding agent is non-water-soluble adhesive.
Straw belongs to pore-forming material, and can be converted into organic matter after rotting.In actual life; corn straw is in addition to small part makees the raw material of industry; major part unprocessed or Direct-fed cattle, sheep, or also field or burning, China's agricultural straw resource enriches; but majority is by crop straw burning also field or to be used as life fuel; only account for little part for forage grass, not only cause a large amount of wastes and the environmental pollution of stalk resource, so straw is applied in alien earth sparging greening; both can preserve the ecological environment, can efficiently utilize again straw.Straw is manually ground into about 1cm with shears, mixes with other spraying and seeding afforesting matrix.Straw contains certain nutrient and cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein and ash element, has both contained more organic matter, the also nutrient such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.Straw supplements soil nutrient, promotes microbial activities, accelerates the decomposition to organic substance and the conversion of mineral nutrient, makes the elements such as the nitrogen in soil, phosphorus, potassium increase, and reduces fertilizer application amount simultaneously.
Preferably, one or more during described fertilizer includes biomass fertilizer, turfy soil, quick-acting fertilizer, garden waste.
Turfy soil is optionally a kind of material of alien earth sparging, and it can be more thin and very barren at soil horizon, even decomposed rock domatic on sow grass seeds by duster, nitrogen content is high, but the content of phosphorus and potassium is on the low side, the available nitrogen contained is little, adapted N,P,K fertilizers when therefore using turfy soil.The carbon nutrition of plant can be improved, promote photosynthetic carrying out, the beneficially growth of plant.Presenting acid to subacidity, original water content is higher more, has improvement soil, supply nutrient, promotes the effect of plant production.Turfy soil is after organic matter is decomposed by soil microorganism, and the long period supplies the plant required nutrient of its growth；The humic acids contained has a stronger absorption affinity, increases the crumb structure of soil, make soil send out warm and sunny, geology loose gently, make soil have stronger absorptive suction nitrogen power, moderate or on the low side.
A large amount of in view of turfy soil in recent years use and non-renewable characteristic, can add garden waste or with garden waste Substitute For Partial turfy soil, reach to protect environment, the purpose of Appropriate application environmental resource.
Preferably, described garden waste carries out compost treatment according to " afforestation castoff compost technical regulation (DB11/T840 2011) " (Beijing's provincial standard).
Turfy soil is replaced to join in substrate by the garden waste pulverized after becoming thoroughly decomposed, other materials consumption and constant rate, prepared sow grass seeds by duster substrate on it plant growing situation preferable, substrate the aspect such as physical property, shearing strength and erosion resistibility to improve effect few with the difference on effect of use turfy soil.
Preferably, described biomass fertilizer includes animal excrements, preferably chicken manure, more preferably sterilizing chicken manure.
China's chicken manure aboundresources, makes compost mostly, and resource utilization is low, and waste is serious.Sterilizing chicken manure and chemical fertilizer (chicken-dejecta, fertilizer) join to execute can increase crop yield.Using chemical fertilizer and be still that the major measure improving wheat yield, N element is occupied an leading position.Caused by chicken manure volume increase mainly its N, P, K nutrient brought in, nutrient enriches, and accounts for 5%～7% containing N, accounts for 4% containing P, account for 25% containing K, humic acid 15%, sterilized de-taste processing after, can be made into free of contamination high-quality chicken muck, chemical fertilizer can be replaced, belong to organic fertilizer, become thoroughly decomposed, close to over dry.
Preferably, described quick-acting fertilizer includes quick-acting compound fertilizer, the mass ratio that in described quick-acting compound fertilizer, N is fertile, P is fertile, K is fertile is that N is fertile: P is fertile: K fertilizer=1-5:0.5-1.5:1-5, preferably N are fertile: P is fertile: K fertilizer=2-4:0.8-1.2:2-4, and more preferably N is fertile: P is fertile: K fertilizer=3:1:3.
The quick-acting compound fertilizer using specific usage ratio can promote plant germination and growth, improves soil, strengthens the fertilizer-preserving ability of soil, improves the chemical property of soil, if consumption is too much, it is easy to causes soil acid-base equilibrium to be destroyed.The nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio that different floristics or same plant kind different growth phases require is different, generally with phosphorus for comparing radix, i.e. using phosphorus as 1, compares with nitrogen, potassium.The N-P-K content ratio of different proportion, seedling, the phase in summer needs nitrogen many, and seedling and winter need phosphorus many.Appropriate nitrogen supply, can make plant leaf blade loose and bright in colour, and photosynthesis is vigorous, and functional period of leaf is long, and trophosome is healthy and strong, Biomass height.Phosphorus can promote the metabolism of saccharide, nitrogen-containing compound, fat etc. in plant, moreover it is possible to promotion value thing root system early growth and quick tiller, bud differentiation and yield positive results, and improves plant drought, cold-resistant and Salt And Alkali Tolerance ability.Potassium can affect the water metabolism of plant, controls plant salt water balance；Improve rate of photosynthisis and chlorophyll content, promote generation and the form transformation of carbohydrate, strengthen the drought resisting of plant, the reduction of the resistance against disadvantage, beneficially nitrate such as cold-resistant, disease-resistant, promote nitrogen, the Absorption of phosphorus.
Preferably, one or more during described construction waste includes brick and tile waste material, wood waste, concrete waste material.
In construction waste, brick and tile aggregate tool multi-cellular structure after crushed, having higher granule strength, also have high water holding capacity (porosity) and neutral chemical property simultaneously, brick and tile aggregate can provide enough spaces to supply plant root growth with moisture.On the other hand, for a part disallowable and wood waste of not utilizing in early stage regenerative process, can be used for improveing soil physical property.The timber pulverized in substrate can water conservation, alleviate the Unit Weight of substrate, increase Medium Culture angle of friction, reduce substrate sliding force.Jointly act on stable for substrate on domatic with wood fibre in soil, be again good fertilizer after corruption, extend the fertilizer efficiency period of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, and advantageously form soil aggregate.Meanwhile, the particle diameter being seldom the utilized recycled fine aggregate less than 5mm is properly added and can increase product degree of compaction to rubble bedding and padding, improves product strength.
Consider and another part in construction waste: the regeneration situation of concrete waste material, concrete waste material can be added or with concrete waste material Substitute For Partial brick and tile waste material, reach to protect environment, the purpose of Appropriate application environmental resource.
Brick and tile waste material is replaced with the concrete waste material after same pulverizing, regardless of big small particle, add by the minimum grain size pulverizing concrete waste material in industry, the consumption of other materials and constant rate, prepared sow grass seeds by duster substrate on it plant growing situation preferable, erosion resistibility is the strongest.
Preferably, described construction waste includes that large-particle-size aggregate that particle diameter is 2mm-5mm and particle diameter are not more than the small particle aggregate of 0.038mm.
Brick and tile waste material particle diameter by size in construction waste is distinguished and is added tradition known to one to and sows grass seeds by duster in substrate by present invention substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, and widens the regeneration scope of construction waste, solves tradition and sows grass seeds by duster the problems such as substrate Middle nutrition is deficient, stability is relatively low." large-particle-size aggregate " particle size range: 2mm-5mm, " small particle aggregate " particle size range: < 0.038mm (this is the interior index being used as cement micro-powder of industry).
Preferably, described large-particle-size aggregate is 1-5:1-5, preferably 1-2:1-2, more preferably 1:1 with the volume ratio of small particle aggregate.
Described large-particle-size aggregate and small particle aggregate use designated volume ratio, are favorably improved gained and sow grass seeds by duster the stability of substrate and intensity, it is possible to significantly improve shearing strength and erosion resistibility.
The preparation method of above-mentioned a kind of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, adds each raw material in side slope spray seeder in proportion, and stirring is mixed to get.
The sow grass seeds by duster preparation method technique of substrate of the present invention is simple, and low cost is suitable to large-scale production.
Preferably, according to the requirement of the spray seeder used during preparation, adding appropriate water, stirring mixes.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the benefit that
Present invention substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster with soil, straw, binding agent and fertilizer as primary raw material, doped portion construction waste, use specific usage ratio to combine, gained matrix strength of sowing grass seeds by duster is high, can keep stable for a long time, and the fertilizer efficiency time is long, low cost, it is possible to be effectively improved afforestation effect.Add, with construction waste, substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, slope stability can be effectively improved, improve greening quality and reduce input cost.
The present invention sows grass seeds by duster the substrate problem that improves that the structure that the soil formed after traditional matrices is sowed grass seeds by duster exists is poor, crumb structure is less, nutrient substance is deficient etc., and the problem causing unstability due to adhesive failure.
Present invention substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster compares with traditional matrices, present invention substrate indices of sowing grass seeds by duster all can reach traditional matrices standard, wherein plant early growth situation, phytomass, soil fertility, erosion resistibility etc. all have a distinct increment, the water of substrate of making to sow grass seeds by duster is protected effect and has been promoted, and improves greening quality and reduces input cost.And the method widened construction waste and utilized scope, improve the utilization rate of construction waste.
Substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster is added, it is possible to be effectively improved slope stability, improve greening quality and reduce input cost with construction waste.Construction waste applies to Seed spraying technology simultaneously, will improve the utilization rate of construction waste, is conducive to promoting the resource of China's construction waste.
The sow grass seeds by duster preparation method technique of substrate of the present invention is simple, and low cost is suitable to large-scale production.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, technical scheme is clearly and completely described, but it will be understood to those of skill in the art that, following described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments, it is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, the condition advised according to normal condition or manufacturer is carried out.Agents useful for same or instrument unreceipted production firm person, being can be by the commercially available conventional products bought and obtain.
Raw materials used in the specific embodiment of the invention include:
Soil: take Beijing area typical soil cinnamon soil (crossing 2mm aperture sieve)；
Water-retaining agent: acrylamide water-retaining agent (acrylamide and the copolymer of potassium acrylate), manufacturer is Beijing Yu Delong development in science and technology company limited；
Binding agent: polyacrylamide amine bonding agent, manufacturer is Beijing Yu Delong development in science and technology company limited；
Chicken manure: the place of production is Southern Suburb of Beijing；
Turfy soil: the place of production is Jilin Dunhua；
Straw: corn straw, the place of production is Changping County, Beijing, 2014 times, takes its stem stalk part, is cut into about 1cm；
Quick-acting fertilizer: manufacturer is economic and technological development zone, Shenyang Asia U.S. fertilizers for potted flowers Tu Chang；
Garden waste: manufacturer is system in Beijing Jing Pu Yuan biological engineering company limited, carries out compost treatment according to according to " afforestation castoff compost technical regulation (DB11/T840 2011) " (Beijing's provincial standard) before using.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, in terms of mass fraction, by 5000 parts of soil, 2500 parts of corn straw, 20 parts of water-retaining agent, 10 parts of binding agents, 12000 parts of chicken manures, account for described in the sow grass seeds by duster brick and tile waste material (wherein the volume ratio of the small particle aggregate of the large-particle-size aggregate of 2mm-5mm and particle diameter no more than 0.038mm is 1:5) of substrate cumulative volume 1% add in side slope spray seeder, stirring is mixed to get one and sows grass seeds by duster substrate.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, in terms of mass fraction, by 25000 parts of soil, 12500 parts of corn straw, 50 parts of water-retaining agent, 15 parts of binding agents, 20000 parts of turfy soils, account for described in the sow grass seeds by duster brick and tile waste material (wherein the volume ratio of the small particle aggregate of the large-particle-size aggregate of 2mm-5mm and particle diameter no more than 0.038mm is 5:1) of substrate cumulative volume 20% add in side slope spray seeder, stirring is mixed to get one and sows grass seeds by duster substrate.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, in terms of mass fraction, by 10000 parts of soil, 5000 parts of corn straw, 30 parts of water-retaining agent, 11 parts of binding agents, 14000 parts of quick-acting compound fertilizer (mass ratio that in quick-acting compound fertilizer, N is fertile, P is fertile, K is fertile is that N is fertile: P is fertile: K fertilizer=2:1:2), account for described in the sow grass seeds by duster brick and tile waste material (wherein the volume ratio of the small particle aggregate of the large-particle-size aggregate of 2mm-5mm and particle diameter no more than 0.038mm is 1:2) of substrate cumulative volume 5% add in side slope spray seeder, stirring is mixed to get one and sows grass seeds by duster substrate.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, in terms of mass fraction, by 20000 parts of soil, 10000 parts of corn straw, 40 parts of water-retaining agent, 14 parts of binding agents, 18000 parts of quick-acting compound fertilizer (mass ratio that in quick-acting compound fertilizer, N is fertile, P is fertile, K is fertile is that N is fertile: P is fertile: K fertilizer=10:3:10), account for described in the sow grass seeds by duster brick and tile waste material (wherein the volume ratio of the small particle aggregate of the large-particle-size aggregate of 2mm-5mm and particle diameter no more than 0.038mm is 2:1) of substrate cumulative volume 15% add in side slope spray seeder, stirring is mixed to get one and sows grass seeds by duster substrate.
Embodiment 5
A kind of preparation method of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, in terms of mass fraction, by 15000 parts of soil, 7500 parts of corn straw, 35 parts of water-retaining agent, 12.5 parts of binding agents, 15972 parts of quick-acting compound fertilizer (mass ratio that in quick-acting compound fertilizer, N is fertile, P is fertile, K is fertile is that N is fertile: P is fertile: K fertilizer=5:2:5), account for described in the sow grass seeds by duster brick and tile waste material (wherein the volume ratio of the small particle aggregate of the large-particle-size aggregate of 2mm-5mm and particle diameter no more than 0.038mm is 1:1) of substrate cumulative volume 10% add in side slope spray seeder, stirring is mixed to get one and sows grass seeds by duster substrate.
Embodiment 6
A kind of preparation method of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, in terms of mass fraction, by 15000 parts of soil, 7500 parts of corn straw, 35 parts of water-retaining agent, 12.5 parts of binding agents, 15972 parts of quick-acting compound fertilizer (mass ratio that in quick-acting compound fertilizer, N is fertile, P is fertile, K is fertile is that N is fertile: P is fertile: K fertilizer=3:1:3), account for described in the sow grass seeds by duster brick and tile waste material (wherein the volume ratio of the small particle aggregate of the large-particle-size aggregate of 2mm-5mm and particle diameter no more than 0.038mm is 1:1) of substrate cumulative volume 10% add in side slope spray seeder, stirring is mixed to get one and sows grass seeds by duster substrate.
Embodiment 7
A kind of preparation method of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, in terms of mass fraction, by 15000 parts of soil, 7500 parts of corn straw, 35 parts of water-retaining agent, 12.5 parts of binding agents, 15972 parts of garden waste, account for described in the sow grass seeds by duster brick and tile waste material (wherein the volume ratio of the small particle aggregate of the large-particle-size aggregate of 2mm-5mm and particle diameter no more than 0.038mm is 1:1) of substrate cumulative volume 10% add in side slope spray seeder, stirring is mixed to get one and sows grass seeds by duster substrate.
Embodiment 8
A kind of preparation method of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, in terms of mass fraction, by 15000 parts of soil, 7500 parts of corn straw, 35 parts of water-retaining agent, 12.5 parts of binding agents, 15972 parts of quick-acting compound fertilizer (mass ratio that in quick-acting compound fertilizer, N is fertile, P is fertile, K is fertile is that N is fertile: P is fertile: K fertilizer=3:1:3), account for described in the sow grass seeds by duster concrete waste material (adding by the minimum grain size pulverizing concrete waste material in industry) of substrate cumulative volume 10% add in side slope spray seeder, stirring is mixed to get one and sows grass seeds by duster substrate.
Embodiment 9
A kind of preparation method of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, in terms of mass fraction, by 15000 parts of soil, 7500 parts of corn straw, 35 parts of water-retaining agent, 12.5 part binding agent, 180 parts of chicken manures, 15000 parts of turfy soils, (in quick-acting compound fertilizer, N is fertile in 792 parts of quick-acting compound fertilizer, P is fertile, mass ratio fertile for K is that N is fertile: P is fertile: K fertilizer=3:1:3), the brick and tile waste material of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster described in accounting for cumulative volume 10% (wherein the volume ratio of the small particle aggregate of the large-particle-size aggregate of 2mm-5mm and particle diameter no more than 0.038mm is 1:1) adds in side slope spray seeder, stirring is mixed to get one and sows grass seeds by duster substrate.
Experimental example 1
Pot experiment:
Test by the different matrix formulations of sowing grass seeds by duster of above-described embodiment, Festuca Arundinacea grass seeds is used to carry out pot experiment at the plastic flowerpot of diameter 15cm, high 17cm, each embodiment arranges 3 flowerpots, every basin is sowed 100 grass seeds randomly choosed and (is the most first loaded soil in flowerpot, about thick 8cm, the present invention thick for the about 5cm that sows grass seeds by duster afterwards sows grass seeds by duster substrate, sows tall fescue seed afterwards, then covers the present invention thick for 2cm and sow grass seeds by duster substrate；Comparative example does not use any substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, in flowerpot, first loads soil, about thick 13cm, sow tall fescue seed afterwards, then cover the thick soil of 2cm), to cultivate under natural light, the temperature humidity condition of test is maintained at same level.
After starting test, routine observation also records the growing state (including seedling-growing time, emerge number, death toll, growing height etc.) of plant, 4th week end mensuration phytomass；Weight method is used to measure water evaporation quantity to reflect water-retaining property.
Growth of Festuca elata average result is as follows:
Table 1 use the present invention sow grass seeds by duster substrate plantation Festuca Arundinacea emergence rate measurement result
Table 2 use the present invention sow grass seeds by duster substrate plantation growth of Festuca elata elevation measurement result
Table 3 use the present invention sow grass seeds by duster substrate plantation Festuca Arundinacea biomass estimation result
By table 1-table 3, it can be seen that the present invention sows grass seeds by duster, substrate, compared to conventional soil substrate, is more suitable for the growth of plant, it is possible to be effectively improved the emergence rate of plant, growing height and Biomass.
Experimental example 2
Physicochemical property and shear strength test:
Substrate of various embodiments of the present invention being sowed grass seeds by duster is put into add water in container and is stirred into sposh shape, is loaded into afterwards in rectangular plastic material container, stands and treats that it is stable, and each embodiment takes three samples, measures average physicochemical property and Mean Shear intensity.
Use cutting ring weight method to measure each embodiment to sow grass seeds by duster substrate unit weight, field capacity；Total nitrogen content uses semimicro-Kjeldahl method；The content of organic matter uses potassium bichromate titrimetric method；PH value uses potentiometry；Available phosphorus contents uses NaHCO3Extraction-spectrophotography；Quick-acting potassium content uses ammonium acetate extraction-flame spectrometry.
The mode using staight scissors measures each embodiment and sows grass seeds by duster the shearing strength of substrate, uses the method (using the strain direct shear apparatuses such as DJY-4L type tetrad) cutting (not Drainage Shear) soon to test.
Comparative example is pure soil, and the various embodiments of the present invention average physicochemical property of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster is as follows with shearing strength:
Table 4 present invention sows grass seeds by duster substrate unit weight, field capacity measurement result
Table 5 present invention sows grass seeds by duster substrate determination of shear strength result
Table 6 present invention sows grass seeds by duster substrate chemical property determination result
By table 4-table 6, it can be seen that the present invention sows grass seeds by duster, substrate, compared to conventional soil substrate, has more preferable field capacity, anti-shear ability；Additionally, possibly together with many organic matters and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element, more conducively plant growing.
Experimental example 3
Rain making washout test:
Substrate of the embodiment of the present invention being sowed grass seeds by duster and comparative example (do not use any substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, pure soil) it is sprayed in the etching tank of 0.8m*0.4m*0.1m, each embodiment is respectively provided with 3 scour troughs, and each scour trough is respectively provided with 2 gradients (30 degree, 45 degree) and 2 raininess (60mm/h, 90mm/h).The each raininess of each gradient carries out 30 points of rainfalls, every 5 minutes of period independently connect a runoff collection total amount and staticly settles after 5 run-offs, filtering off supernatant stays silt to dry record of weighing in aluminum box, calculating the average total silt weight under each embodiment is washed respectively, comparative example is that pure soil acquired results is as follows:
Table 7 present invention sows grass seeds by duster matrix artificial Rainfall simulator erosion measurement result
Be can be seen that by table 7, present invention substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster has more preferable ability to resist splash erosion compared to conventional soil substrate, in an experiment, comparative example carries out repeating have also appeared, during experiment, the situation that unstability is caved in, and present invention substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster is more suitable for the growth of plant in side slope.
Present invention substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster with soil, straw, binding agent and fertilizer as primary raw material, doped portion construction waste, use specific usage ratio to combine, gained matrix strength of sowing grass seeds by duster is high, can keep stable for a long time, and the fertilizer efficiency time is long, low cost, it is possible to be effectively improved afforestation effect.Add, with construction waste, substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, slope stability can be effectively improved, improve greening quality and reduce input cost.
The present invention sows grass seeds by duster the substrate problem that improves that the structure that the soil formed after traditional matrices is sowed grass seeds by duster exists is poor, crumb structure is less, nutrient substance is deficient etc., and the problem causing unstability due to adhesive failure.
Present invention substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster compares with traditional matrices, present invention substrate indices of sowing grass seeds by duster all can reach traditional matrices standard, wherein plant early growth situation, phytomass, soil fertility, erosion resistibility etc. all have a distinct increment, the water of substrate of making to sow grass seeds by duster is protected effect and has been promoted, and improves greening quality and reduces input cost.And the method widened construction waste and utilized scope, improve the utilization rate of construction waste.
Substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster is added, it is possible to be effectively improved slope stability, improve greening quality and reduce input cost with construction waste.Construction waste applies to Seed spraying technology simultaneously, will improve the utilization rate of construction waste, is conducive to promoting the resource of China's construction waste.
The sow grass seeds by duster preparation method technique of substrate of the present invention is simple, and low cost is suitable to large-scale production.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, however it will be appreciated that may be made that without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention many other change and amendment.It is, therefore, intended that include all such changes and modifications belonging in the scope of the invention in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. a substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster, it is characterised in that described in sow grass seeds by duster substrate mainly by following consumption
Raw material prepare:
In terms of mass fraction, 5000-25000 part soil, 2500-12500 part straw, 20-50
Part water-retaining agent, 10-15 part binding agent, 12000-20000 part fertilizer；
The construction waste of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster described in accounting for cumulative volume 1%-20%.
One the most according to claim 1 is sowed grass seeds by duster substrate, it is characterised in that described spray
Broadcast substrate mainly to be prepared by the raw material of following consumption:
In terms of mass fraction, 10000-20000 part soil, 5000-10000 part straw, 30-40
Part water-retaining agent, 11-14 part binding agent, 14000-18000 part fertilizer；
The construction waste of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster described in accounting for cumulative volume 5%-15%.
One the most according to claim 1 is sowed grass seeds by duster substrate, it is characterised in that described spray
Broadcast substrate mainly to be prepared by the raw material of following consumption:
In terms of mass fraction, 15000 parts of soil, 7500 parts of straws, 35 parts of water-retaining agent, 12.5
Part binding agent, 15972 parts of fertilizer；
The construction waste of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster described in accounting for cumulative volume 10%.
One the most according to claim 1 is sowed grass seeds by duster substrate, it is characterised in that described fertilizer
Material includes the one or many in biomass fertilizer, turfy soil, quick-acting fertilizer, garden waste
Kind.
One the most according to claim 4 is sowed grass seeds by duster substrate, it is characterised in that described life
Material fertilizer includes animal excrements, preferably chicken manure, more preferably sterilizing chicken manure.
One the most according to claim 4 is sowed grass seeds by duster substrate, it is characterised in that described speed
Effect fertilizer includes quick-acting compound fertilizer, the quality that in described quick-acting compound fertilizer, N is fertile, P is fertile, K is fertile
More fertile than for N: P is fertile: K fertilizer=1-5:0.5-1.5:1-5, preferably N are fertile: P is fertile: K
Fertilizer=2-4:0.8-1.2:2-4, more preferably N is fertile: P is fertile: K fertilizer=3:1:3.
One the most according to claim 1 is sowed grass seeds by duster substrate, it is characterised in that described in build
Build waste material and include one or more in brick and tile waste material, wood waste, concrete waste material.
One the most according to claim 1 is sowed grass seeds by duster substrate, it is characterised in that described in build
Build large-particle-size aggregate that waste material includes that particle diameter is 2mm-5mm and particle diameter is not more than 0.038mm
Small particle aggregate.
One the most according to claim 8 is sowed grass seeds by duster substrate, it is characterised in that described greatly
Particle diameter aggregate is 1-5:1-5, preferably 1-2:1-2 with the volume ratio of small particle aggregate, enters
One step is preferably 1:1.
10. the preparation method of the arbitrary described a kind of substrate of sowing grass seeds by duster of claim 1-9, it is special
Levying and be, added in side slope spray seeder by each raw material in proportion, stirring is mixed to get.
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| CN110839507A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-02-28 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Soil-rock mixed slope spray-seeding matrix and preparation method thereof |
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