CN103761910A - Structural mechanics displacement method experimental device and structural mechanics displacement method presentation method - Google Patents

Structural mechanics displacement method experimental device and structural mechanics displacement method presentation method Download PDF

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CN103761910A
CN103761910A CN201410013713.1A CN201410013713A CN103761910A CN 103761910 A CN103761910 A CN 103761910A CN 201410013713 A CN201410013713 A CN 201410013713A CN 103761910 A CN103761910 A CN 103761910A
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bolt
bearing
structural mechanics
gauge
displacement method
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CN103761910B (en
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吴有奇
张健飞
梁虹
王博文
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Hohai University HHU
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Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental device suitable for structural mechanics displacement method teaching presentation and a structural mechanics displacement method presentation method utilizing the device. The device comprises a base 1, a force application valve 2, a rod piece structure 3, a base support 4, an angular point support 5, a directional support 6, a fixed pulley support 7, a dial indicator A10 and a dial indicator B11. The force application valve is mounted on the side face of the base 1, and the rod piece structure 3, the base support 4, the angular point support 5, the directional support 6, the fixed pulley support 7, the dial indicator A10 and the dial indicator B11 are in detachable fit with the base 1 for use. The device is easy to operate, is easily understood in principle, and easy to dismount when the device is combined with a traditional mechanics experimental device.

Description

A kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision and structural mechanics displacement method demenstration method
 
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dynamics experimental device, in particular to a kind of experimental provision and structural mechanics displacement method demenstration method of play configuration mechanics displacement method principle.
 
Background technology
Mechanics course has certain theoretical property, and in teaching process, teacher can deepen the understanding of student to a certain knowledge point in conjunction with the mode of experiment sometimes.It is particularly important that so the experimental demonstration device being easily understood a seems.
At present, in laboratory for the experimental provision of theoretical mechanics, the mechanics of materials many and comparative maturity.But, in the teaching of structural mechanics, there is no efficient easy-to-use demonstration teaching aid and help student to understand some basic principle and methods.Student feels difficult indigestion for the Teaching of Structural Mechanics content of present stage, and interest is average.We wish to develop a kind of teaching demonstration instrument of comparatively simple, intuitive, by vivid model demonstration, increase classroom middle school student and teacher's interaction, improve student's learning enthusiasm.Knowwhy dry as dust can profoundly by beginner, be accepted fast and understand.
 
Summary of the invention
In order to have overcome deficiency of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of simple to operate, principle is easy-to-understand and combine with traditional mechanics experiment and be easy to the experimental provision of dismounting.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision, comprise pedestal 1, application of force valve 2, member structure 3, base bearing 4, angle point bearing 5, directional support 6, fixed pulley bearing 7, clock gauge A10 and clock gauge B11, described application of force valve 2 is arranged on the side of pedestal 1, between described member structure 3, base bearing 4, angle point bearing 5, directional support 6, fixed pulley bearing 7, clock gauge A10 and clock gauge B11 and described pedestal 1, is removably used in conjunction with.
Preferably, described member structure 3 is comprised of cross bar, montant and large rigidity web member, and cross bar and montant removably connect with large rigidity web member respectively, between large rigidity web member and angle point bearing 5, are detachably used in conjunction with.
Preferably, described cross bar and montant adopt identical material, and xsect is square-section, and the rigidity of described large rigidity web member is greater than described cross bar and montant, the lower end of described montant has circular hole, and described montant and base bearing 4 are detachably used in conjunction with.
Preferably, on described large rigidity web member, be equipped with circular hole, described large rigidity web member removably connects by bolt and angle point bearing 5.
Preferably, described structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision also comprises weight group 8 and wire rope 9, and described weight group 8 is suspended on described cross bar, and described wire rope 9 is used in conjunction with base bearing 4 and fixed pulley bearing 7 respectively.
Preferably, described pedestal 1 is comprised of base and outside framework, and adopts steel material.
Preferably, described base bearing 4 is comprised of three groups of matching used bolts and bolt hole and a fixed pulley, and wherein, middle bolt hole has identical size with the circular hole that the montant lower end of described member structure 3 is offered; Described angle point bearing 5 is provided with one group of bolt hole being used in conjunction with and bolt, and the circular hole on the large rigidity web member of the bolt hole on described angle point bearing 5 and member structure 3 has identical size.
Preferably, described structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision also comprises foil gauge and electric wire strain gauge, described member structure 3 is provided with three measurement point a that consist of foil gauge, b, c, each measurement point sticks foil gauge in the inside and outside both sides of bar, and described foil gauge is connected to electric wire strain gauge by half-bridge circuit.
Preferably, described directional support 6 comprises lateral part and vertical part, " ten " font groove has been dug in inside, lateral part, the public part of the cross bar in described member structure 3 and large rigidity web member is slidably matched with described " ten " font groove, described public part fits tightly and is assemblied in " ten " font groove, the lateral surface of described lateral part has the shallow slot of two vertical directions, and the shallow slot of two bossy bodies of described vertical part inner side and described vertical direction is slidably matched.
The present invention also provides a kind of structural mechanics displacement method demenstration method that utilizes above-mentioned structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision to carry out, and it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) on member structure 3, establish three measurement point a, b and c, foil gauge is sticked in the inside and outside both sides of rod member, and described foil gauge is connected to electric wire strain gauge by half-bridge circuit, thereby described electric wire strain gauge obtains moment by surveying its strain value;
2) remove all bearings, only assemble base bearing 4 and clock gauge B11, and two groups, the outside of base bearing 4 bolt hole bolt is entered to bolt, and regulate weight group 8 near position cross bar mid point, read the strain value reading shown in electric wire strain gauge, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Ma, Mb, Mc, read clock gauge B11 reading, be designated as Y;
3) remove all bearings, take off weight group 8, only assemble base bearing 4, angle point bearing 5 and clock gauge A10, take off two groups, 4 outside of base bearing bolt in step 2, the bolt that bolt enters base bearing 4 by the circular hole of the montant lower end in member structure 3 together with middle screw keyhole bolt, the bolt that bolt enters frame supporter 5 by the large rigidity web member in member structure 3 together with frame supporter 5 bolts; Clockwise rotate application of force valve 2, make large rigidity web member have a minor rotation around the bolt of angle point bearing 5, read the reading of clock gauge A10, be designated as X1, by X1 divided by the circular hole center of circle on large rigidity web member to the vertical range L between application of force valve 2 point of applications, can obtain the angle that large rigidity web member turns over, be designated as A, the rad of unit, read now electric wire strain gauge reading, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively and be designated as respectively Ma1, Mb1 and Mc1, respectively by Ma1, Mb1 and Mc1 divided by A, obtain Ma1 ', Mb1 ' and Mc1 ';
4) remove all bearings, unclamp application of force valve 2, assembling base bearing 4, directional support 6, fixed pulley bearing 7 and clock gauge B11, base bearing 4 only enters bolt at the bolt hole bolt in two groups of outsides, one end of wire rope 9 is fixed on to the lower end of the montant of member structure 3, walk around the fixed pulley of base bearing 4, walk around again the fixed pulley of fixed pulley bearing 7, the other end carry counterweight of wire rope 9, make montant in the vertical direction have a micro-displacement, read the reading of clock gauge B11, be designated as X2, read now electric wire strain gauge reading, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Ma2, Mb2 and Mc2, respectively by Ma2, Mb2 and Mc2 are divided by X2, obtain Ma2 ', Mb2 ' and Mc2 ',
5) remove all bearings, only assemble base bearing 4 and directional support 6, base bearing 4 bolts enter the bolt of middle screw keyhole, by the weight group of equal in quality 8 carries in step 2 in same position place, read the now strain value reading shown in electric wire strain gauge, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Map, Mbp and Mcp;
6) according to displacement principle of structural mechanics, by
Ma=S1*Ma1’+S2*Ma2’+Map,Mb=S1*Mb1’+S2*Mb2’+Mbp,
The system of equations of tri-equation compositions of Mc=S1*Mc1 '+S2*Mc2 '+Mcp, wherein, S1 and S2 represent respectively angular displacement and displacement of the lines unknown quantity in displacement method, are solved the value of unknown number S1 and S2 by any two equations wherein, and the 3rd equation is used for the size of compare error;
7) in the scope allowing in error, whether the value of contrast S2 is consistent with the Y value in step 2, and said process is by utilizing this experimental provision to demonstrate structural mechanics displacement ratio juris.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: first this experimental provision has made up the vacancy of current structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision; Secondly, this apparatus structure principle is simple, and each assembly is easy to dismounting, only needs to change corresponding bearing, just can realize the traditional mechanics experimental simulation of multiple various boundary conditions under a framework.
 
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction schematic diagram of experimental provision of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of member structure of the present invention
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of base bearing of the present invention
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of directional support of the present invention
Embodiment
For making object, the technical scheme and a little clearer of the embodiment of the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing of the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiment.Based on described embodiments of the invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skills obtain under the prerequisite without creative work, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision comprises pedestal 1, application of force valve 2, member structure 3, base bearing 4, angle point bearing 5, directional support 6, fixed pulley bearing 7, clock gauge A10 and clock gauge B11, described application of force valve 2 is arranged on the side of pedestal 1, between described member structure 3, base bearing 4, angle point bearing 5, directional support 6, fixed pulley bearing 7, clock gauge A10 and clock gauge B11 and described pedestal 1, is removably used in conjunction with.
As shown in Figure 2, member structure 3 is comprised of cross bar, montant and large rigidity web member, and cross bar and montant removably connect with large rigidity web member respectively, between large rigidity web member and angle point bearing 5, are detachably used in conjunction with.Cross bar and montant adopt identical material, and xsect is square-section, and the rigidity of described large rigidity web member is greater than described cross bar and montant, and the lower end of described montant has circular hole, and described montant and base bearing 4 are detachably used in conjunction with.On large rigidity web member, be equipped with circular hole, described large rigidity web member removably connects by bolt and angle point bearing 5.Structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision also comprises weight group 8 and wire rope 9, and described weight group 8 is suspended on described cross bar, and described wire rope 9 is used in conjunction with base bearing 4 and fixed pulley bearing 7 respectively.
As shown in Figure 3, described pedestal 1 is comprised of base and outside framework, and adopts steel material.Base bearing 4 is comprised of three groups of matching used bolts and bolt hole and a fixed pulley, and wherein, middle bolt hole has identical size with the circular hole that the montant lower end of described member structure 3 is offered; Described angle point bearing 5 is provided with one group of bolt hole being used in conjunction with and bolt, and the circular hole on the large rigidity web member of the bolt hole on described angle point bearing 5 and member structure 3 has identical size.
Structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision also comprises foil gauge and electric wire strain gauge, described member structure 3 is provided with three measurement point a that consist of foil gauge, b, c, each measurement point sticks foil gauge in the inside and outside both sides of bar, and described foil gauge is connected to electric wire strain gauge by half-bridge circuit.
As shown in Figure 4, described directional support 6 has two ingredients, laterally with vertical part." ten " font groove has been dug in inside, lateral part, and in this groove and member structure 3, the xsect of the public part of cross bar and large rigidity web member coincide, and can fit tightly after assembling, and can be free to slide.On the outside vertical direction of lateral part, have two shallow slots, match with two bossy bodies of vertical partial interior, and also fit tightly after assembling, and can slide along vertical.After whole directional support 6 assemblings, can make the large rigidity web member in member structure 3 miniature linear displacement in transverse direction and perpendicular direction only occur and any angular displacement does not occur.
The structural mechanics displacement method lecture experiment that utilizes said structure mechanics displacement method experimental provision to carry out, is undertaken by following steps:
1) on member structure 3, establish three measurement point a, b and c, foil gauge is sticked in the inside and outside both sides of rod member, and described foil gauge is connected to electric wire strain gauge by half-bridge circuit, thereby described electric wire strain gauge obtains moment by surveying its strain value;
2) remove all bearings, only assemble base bearing 4 and clock gauge B11, and two groups, the outside of base bearing 4 bolt hole bolt is entered to bolt, and regulate weight group 8 near position cross bar mid point, read the strain value reading shown in electric wire strain gauge, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Ma, Mb, Mc, read clock gauge B11 reading, be designated as Y;
3) remove all bearings, take off weight group 8, only assemble base bearing 4, angle point bearing 5 and clock gauge A10, take off two groups, 4 outside of base bearing bolt in step 2, the bolt that bolt enters base bearing 4 by the circular hole of the montant lower end in member structure 3 together with middle screw keyhole bolt, the bolt that bolt enters frame supporter 5 by the large rigidity web member in member structure 3 together with frame supporter 5 bolts; Clockwise rotate application of force valve 2, make large rigidity web member have a minor rotation around the bolt of angle point bearing 5, read the reading of clock gauge A10, be designated as X1, by X1 divided by the circular hole center of circle on large rigidity web member to the vertical range L between application of force valve 2 point of applications, can obtain the angle that large rigidity web member turns over, be designated as A, the rad of unit, read now electric wire strain gauge reading, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively and be designated as respectively Ma1, Mb1 and Mc1, respectively by Ma1, Mb1 and Mc1 divided by A, obtain Ma1 ', Mb1 ' and Mc1 ';
4) remove all bearings, unclamp application of force valve 2, assembling base bearing 4, directional support 6, fixed pulley bearing 7 and clock gauge B11, base bearing 4 only enters bolt at the bolt hole bolt in two groups of outsides, one end of wire rope 9 is fixed on to the lower end of the montant of member structure 3, walk around the fixed pulley of base bearing 4, walk around again the fixed pulley of fixed pulley bearing 7, the other end carry counterweight of wire rope 9, make montant in the vertical direction have a micro-displacement, read the reading of clock gauge B11, be designated as X2, read now electric wire strain gauge reading, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Ma2, Mb2 and Mc2, respectively by Ma2, Mb2 and Mc2 are divided by X2, obtain Ma2 ', Mb2 ' and Mc2 ',
5) remove all bearings, only assemble base bearing 4 and directional support 6, base bearing 4 bolts enter the bolt of middle screw keyhole, by the weight group of equal in quality 8 carries in step 2 in same position place, read the now strain value reading shown in electric wire strain gauge, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Map, Mbp and Mcp;
6) according to displacement principle of structural mechanics, by
Ma=S1*Ma1’+S2*Ma2’+Map,Mb=S1*Mb1’+S2*Mb2’+Mbp,
The system of equations of tri-equation compositions of Mc=S1*Mc1 '+S2*Mc2 '+Mcp, wherein, S1 and S2 represent respectively angular displacement and displacement of the lines unknown quantity in displacement method, are solved the value of unknown number S1 and S2 by any two equations wherein, and the 3rd equation is used for the size of compare error;
7) in the scope allowing in error, whether the value of contrast S2 is consistent with the Y value in step 2, and said process is by utilizing this experimental provision to demonstrate structural mechanics displacement ratio juris.
These are only embodiments of the present invention, it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision, it is characterized in that: comprise pedestal (1), application of force valve (2), member structure (3), base bearing (4), angle point bearing (5), directional support (6), fixed pulley bearing (7), clock gauge A(10) and clock gauge B(11), described application of force valve (2) is arranged on the side of pedestal (1), described member structure (3), base bearing (4), angle point bearing (5), directional support (6), fixed pulley bearing (7), clock gauge A(10) and clock gauge B(11) and described pedestal (1) between be removably used in conjunction with.
2. a kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described member structure (3) is comprised of cross bar, montant and large rigidity web member, cross bar and montant removably connect with large rigidity web member respectively, between large rigidity web member and angle point bearing (5), are detachably used in conjunction with.
3. a kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described cross bar and montant adopt identical material, xsect is square-section, the rigidity of described large rigidity web member is greater than described cross bar and montant, the lower end of described montant has circular hole, and described montant and base bearing (4) are detachably used in conjunction with.
4. a kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision according to claim 2, is characterized in that: on described large rigidity web member, be equipped with circular hole, described large rigidity web member removably connects by bolt and angle point bearing (5).
5. according to a kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: described structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision also comprises weight group (8) and wire rope (9), described weight group (8) is suspended on described cross bar, and described wire rope (9) is used in conjunction with base bearing (4) and fixed pulley bearing (7) respectively.
6. a kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pedestal (1) is comprised of base and outside framework, and adopts steel material.
7. a kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described base bearing (4) is comprised of three groups of matching used bolts and bolt hole and a fixed pulley, wherein, the circular hole that middle bolt hole is offered with the montant lower end of described member structure (3) has identical size; Described angle point bearing (5) is provided with one group of bolt hole being used in conjunction with and bolt, and the bolt hole on described angle point bearing (5) has identical size with the circular hole on the large rigidity web member of member structure (3).
8. a kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision also comprises foil gauge and electric wire strain gauge, described member structure (3) is provided with three measurement point a that consist of foil gauge, b, c, each measurement point sticks foil gauge in the inside and outside both sides of bar, and described foil gauge is connected to electric wire strain gauge by half-bridge circuit.
9. according to a kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision described in any one in claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described directional support (6) comprises lateral part and vertical part, " ten " font groove has been dug in inside, lateral part, the public part of the cross bar in described member structure (3) and large rigidity web member is slidably matched with described " ten " font groove, described public part fits tightly and is assemblied in " ten " font groove, the lateral surface of described lateral part has the shallow slot of two vertical directions, the shallow slot of two bossy bodies of described vertical part inner side and described vertical direction is slidably matched.
10. utilize the structural mechanics displacement method demenstration method that in claim 1-9, the structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision described in any one carries out, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) on member structure (3), establish three measurement point a, b and c, foil gauge is sticked in the inside and outside both sides of rod member, and described foil gauge is connected to electric wire strain gauge by half-bridge circuit, thereby described electric wire strain gauge obtains moment by surveying its strain value;
2) remove all bearings, only assemble base bearing (4) and clock gauge B(11), and two groups, the outside of base bearing (4) bolt hole bolt is entered to bolt, and regulate weight group (8) near position cross bar mid point, read the strain value reading shown in electric wire strain gauge, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Ma, Mb, Mc, read clock gauge B(11) reading, be designated as Y;
3) remove all bearings, take off weight group (8), only assemble base bearing (4), angle point bearing (5) and clock gauge A(10), take off step 2) the two groups of bolts in middle base bearing (4) outside, the bolt that bolt enters base bearing (4) by the circular hole of the montant lower end in member structure (3) together with middle screw keyhole bolt, the bolt that bolt enters frame supporter (5) by the large rigidity web member in member structure (3) together with frame supporter (5) bolt, clockwise rotate application of force valve (2), make large rigidity web member have a minor rotation around the bolt of angle point bearing (5), read clock gauge A(10) reading, be designated as X1, by X1 divided by the circular hole center of circle on large rigidity web member to the vertical range L between application of force valve (2) point of application, can obtain the angle that large rigidity web member turns over, be designated as A, the rad of unit, read now electric wire strain gauge reading, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively and be designated as respectively Ma1, Mb1 and Mc1, respectively by Ma1, Mb1 and Mc1 are divided by A, obtain Ma1 ', Mb1 ' and Mc1 ',
4) remove all bearings, unclamp application of force valve (2), assembling base bearing (4), directional support (6), fixed pulley bearing (7) and clock gauge B(11), base bearing (4) only enters bolt at the bolt hole bolt in two groups of outsides, one end of wire rope (9) is fixed on to the lower end of the montant of member structure (3), walk around the fixed pulley of base bearing (4), walk around again the fixed pulley of fixed pulley bearing (7), the other end carry counterweight of wire rope (9), make montant in the vertical direction have a micro-displacement, read clock gauge B(11) reading, be designated as X2, read now electric wire strain gauge reading, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Ma2, Mb2 and Mc2, respectively by Ma2, Mb2 and Mc2 are divided by X2, obtain Ma2 ', Mb2 ' and Mc2 ',
5) remove all bearings, only assemble base bearing (4) and directional support (6), base bearing (4) bolt enters the bolt of middle screw keyhole, by the weight group of equal in quality (8) carry in step 2) in same position place, read the now strain value reading shown in electric wire strain gauge, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Map, Mbp and Mcp;
6) according to displacement principle of structural mechanics, by
Ma=S1*Ma1’+S2*Ma2’+Map,Mb=S1*Mb1’+S2*Mb2’+Mbp,
The system of equations of tri-equation compositions of Mc=S1*Mc1 '+S2*Mc2 '+Mcp, wherein, S1 and S2 represent respectively angular displacement and displacement of the lines unknown quantity in displacement method, are solved the value of unknown number S1 and S2 by any two equations wherein, and the 3rd equation is used for the size of compare error;
7) error allow scope in, contrast S2 value and step 2) in Y value whether consistent, said process is by utilizing this experimental provision to demonstrate structural mechanics displacement ratio juris.
CN201410013713.1A 2014-01-13 2014-01-13 A kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision and structural mechanics displacement method demenstration method Expired - Fee Related CN103761910B (en)

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