CN105161958A - 可扩展的大功率光纤激光器 - Google Patents
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
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Abstract
一种模块化和可扩展的大功率光纤激光器***,可配置以产生1kW或1kW以上的激光输出,且包含:彼此分离地安置的一或多个可分离泵浦模块,每一泵浦模块包含通过一或多个基于光纤的泵浦模块泵浦合并器而以光学方式合并的多个光纤耦合组件泵浦源,每一泵浦模块提供一或多个泵浦模块光纤输出端;以及增益模块,其与所述一或多个可分离泵浦模块分离地安置,且包含以光学方式耦合到所述泵浦模块光纤输出端中的相应泵浦模块光纤输出端的一或多个增益模块泵浦光纤输入端,并且包含以光学方式耦合到所述一或多个增益模块泵浦光纤输入端的增益光纤,所述增益光纤经配置以产生与耦合到所述增益光纤的所述泵浦模块光纤输出端的数目和功率有关的可扩展的增益模块光纤输出功率。
Description
技术领域
概括来讲,本发明的领域是大功率光纤激光器(highpowerfiberlaser)。更确切地说,本发明涉及可扩展的大功率连续波和准连续波光纤激光器。
背景技术
常规多千瓦工业光纤激光器***通常使用由多个组件光纤激光器组成的非可扩展架构,所述多个组件光纤激光器的输出端与熔融光纤信号合并器(signalcombiner)合并。总光纤激光器***的输出功率通常在2到6kW的范围中,且个体组件光纤激光器通常具有在0.4到1.0kW的范围中的功率。因此,为了达到超过1kW的总功率,必须合并来自多个光纤激光器(通常2到10个)的输出端。
用于达成大功率光纤激光器输出的这些常规方法具有根据本公开内容而变得显而易见的几个缺点。举例来说,由于合并多个个体光纤激光器***,在光学、电学和机械组件中需要大量冗余,由此增加了***成本、尺寸和复杂度。另外,光纤激光器组件***一般来讲具有有限的现场可维护性,从而在光纤激光器组件***的光学组件出故障的情况下往往需要替换全部光纤激光器组件***。即使当光学组件故障仅局限于光纤组件***的例如破损光纤等一部分,仍发生此类全部替换。要求替换全部光纤激光器组件***会增加用于维修完整多千瓦***的成本。现场替换光纤激光器组件***通常需要极为专用的设备和干净的房间条件,这些条件在工厂环境中不容易得到,从而使维护变得昂贵且具破坏性。
熔融光纤信号合并器引起光学损耗且减低所接收的个体光纤激光器输出端的光束品质。此损耗不利地影响效率,所述效率确定功率消耗和废热产生,且光束品质降级可减小金属切割应用中的速度。此外,信号合并器是昂贵的,其需要昂贵的设备和大量过程开发以及对制造过程的控制,且其可经历不可预测的变化从而影响再现性和可靠性。熔融光纤信号合并器还遭受操作损害(包含来自工件的光学反馈),由此降低了***可靠性。
利用信号合并器来达成高达几千瓦的功率也限制了光纤激光器***的激光功率在现场升级的能力。举例来说,熔融信号合并器可包含用于接收额外组件光纤激光器的空端口。但是,输出光束的光束品质被降级,而不管额外端口是否充填有额外组件光纤激光器***输出端。并且,如果信号合并器已完全充填输入端口,那么升级***输出功率需要用更大功率的组件光纤激光器来替换所述组件光纤激光器中的一个或多个。替换组件光纤激光器是昂贵的,确切地说,因为随之而来的是所被替换的组件光纤激光器、子***或组件的使用受到限制或不能重复使用所被替换的组件光纤激光器、子***或组件。
常规***设计在可如何适应或并入工艺进步方面同样受限制,因为许多关键组件被集成到每个组件光纤激光器中。举例来说,泵浦二极管技术快速取得进步,从而提供增加的功率、亮度和效率以及降低的成本。近年来,有源光纤同样经历了显著的工艺增进。如果泵浦二极管、光纤和电子设备全部集成到单个激光器模块中,那么将这些进步并入到现有光纤激光器中可能是困难的或是不可能的。举例来说,在单个激光器模块内的组件之间的互连将很可能不能达到或不容易改变,且对关键组件的改变将必然伴有大量设计纹波(designripple),从而需要其它组件中相应的改变。类似地,机械或热设计可因改变关键组件而受到影响。因此,常规大功率光纤激光器架构常常必须要么放弃基于工艺进步的升级,要么全力以赴于昂贵且耗时的再设计。
因此,需要这样一种多千瓦光纤激光器架构,其通过去除组件冗余来最小化成本、最小化或去除信号合并器的缺点、在现场维护是容易的且具有成本效益、实现现场可升级性、且充分灵活以适应于工艺进步而无显著成本或设计纹波。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,可配置以产生1kW或1kW以上的激光器输出的模块化和可扩展的大功率光纤激光器***包含:彼此分离地安置的一或多个可分离泵浦模块(seperablepumpmodule),每一泵浦模块包含通过一或多个基于光纤的泵浦模块泵浦合并器(fiber-basedpumpmodulepumpcombiner)而以光学方式合并的多个光纤耦合组件泵浦源,每一泵浦模块提供一或多个泵浦模块光纤输出端;以及增益模块,其与所述一或多个可分离泵浦模块分离地安置,且包含以光学方式耦合到所述泵浦模块光纤输出端中的相应的泵浦模块光纤输出端的一或多个增益模块泵浦光纤输入端,并且包含以光学方式耦合到所述一或多个增益模块泵浦光纤输入端的增益光纤,所述增益光纤经配置以产生与耦合到所述增益光纤的所述泵浦模块光纤输出端的数目和功率有关的可扩展的增益模块光纤输出功率。
根据本发明的另一个方面,大功率光纤激光器***包含:增益模块,其经配置成以一个输出光束波长产生1kW或1kW以上的输出光束;以及一或多个泵浦模块,其以光学方式耦合到所述增益模块,且经配置成以一个泵浦波长产生光从而用于以光学方式泵浦所述增益模块,其中所述增益模块经配置以从所述一或多个泵浦模块接收泵浦光,使得所述输出光束的所述功率根据耦合到所述增益模块的泵浦模块的数目和功率而可扩展。
前述和其它目标、特征以及优点将从以下详细描述变得显而易见,所述详细描述是参考未必按比例绘制的附图而进行的。
附图说明
图1A是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的透视图。
图1B是根据本发明的一个方面的图1A中所描绘的光纤激光器***的连接性图。
图2是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的示意性平面图示意图。
图3A是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的泵浦模块的示意图。
图3B是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的泵浦模块的示意图。
图4是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的另一泵浦模块的示意图。
图5是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的另一泵浦模块的示意图。
图6是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的增益模块的示意图。
图7是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的另一增益模块的示意图。
图8是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的另一增益模块的示意图。
图9是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的另一增益模块的示意图。
图10是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的另一增益模块的示意图。
图11是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的增益模块合并器的后视图。
图12是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的另一增益模块合并器的后视图。
图13是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的另一增益模块的示意图。
图14是根据本发明的一个方面的合并器级的示意图。
图15是根据本发明的一个方面的光纤激光器***的另一增益模块的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1A中示出高度可配置、模块化和可扩展的连续波或准连续波大功率光纤激光器***1000的第一实施方案的透视图。光纤激光器***1000包含模块化地接收不同***模块的几个分隔间(bay)1001,所述***模块包含***泵浦模块1002和***增益模块1003,每一模块可经配置成可与光纤激光器***1000分离。例如控制模块1004或电力供应器模块等额外模块也可相对于***1000的其它***模块而模块化地安置。可扩展的多千瓦光纤激光器***1000被描绘为呈可选的移动配置,其中多个***模块安置成安装于多个脚轮1005顶上的竖直机架布置,以方便于在工业环境中移动。泵浦模块1002提供以光学方式耦合到一或多个增益模块1003的一或多个泵浦模块光纤输出端1006。光纤激光器***1000包含***输出端1007,所述***输出端提供大约1kW或1kW以上的输出功率以用于各种工业应用,且其可由一或多个增益模块1003提供。可通过在可用***分隔间1001中添加额外泵浦模块1002或通过用新模块调换旧模块升级所安装的泵浦模块1002来扩展***的输出功率。
本文中的实施方案的模块性和可扩展性呈现大量的制造优点。举例来说,可选择许多不同的功率电平而不需要在所选功率电平配置之间进行显著的再设计。具有单个泵浦模块1002和单个增益模块1003的配置可提供特定***输出功率,可通过安装额外泵浦模块1002(见图1中以短划线示出的泵浦模块1002)并将泵浦模块输出端1006拼接到增益模块1003来升级所述特定***输出功率。归因于模块性,可在泵浦模块与增益模块之间分担尺寸和重量,使得单人在现场或在工厂可搬运、实施或维护***的每个泵浦模块和增益模块。这个优点在来自单个光纤激光器的功率增加时(这已是业界中一个不变的趋势)可能特别重要;这种功率扩展趋势可持续下去而不产生过大或过重的模块,因为泵浦模块和增益模块不必收容在单个模块中。激光器***的外观尺寸还可经配置以支持不同部署场景。举例来说,***模块可以如图1示出的竖直方式、水平方式或以另一定向或其组合方式而安装在机架中。模块可彼此物理地分离以有助于集成到期望空间中。
在图1B中,示出了***1010的实施方案的示意图,所述***类似于在图1A中的透视图中示出的***。***1010包含将泵浦能量提供到增益模块1012的多个泵浦模块1011,所述增益模块经配置以产生激光器***输出1013。***1010可包含一或多个扩充槽1014,以提供***1010的例如额外泵浦模块或增益模块等配置改变。冷却***1015耦合到泵浦模块和增益模块,以在其中并总体上向***1010提供热稳定性。***1010由控制器1015来控制,所述控制器经配置以监视并调整泵浦模块、增益模块和冷却***的输出和其它性质。
现参看图2,示出了根据本发明的另一个方面的大功率光纤激光器***20的实施方案。所述光纤激光器***20高度可配置和模块化,使得可从头开始制造***20,以用于在输出功率的预选范围下(例如在1kW或1kW以下与多kW之间)操作和用于升级到更高输出功率或不同性能标准。光纤激光器***20包含一或多个组件泵浦模块22,所述组件泵浦模块中的每一个与其它分离地安置且与***20模块化地分离。每一组件泵浦模块22提供一或多个组件泵浦模块输出端24。光纤激光器***20还包含一或多个增益模块26,所述一或多个增益模块彼此分离地安置且与***20模块化地可分离。一或多个增益模块26以光学方式耦合到一或多个组件泵浦模块输出端24,使得以预定输出功率产生光纤激光器***输出光束28。在图2中示出的实施例中,单个增益模块26通过利用耦合到所述增益模块26的三个泵浦模块22的泵浦功率来提供***输出光束28。用点23示出用于额外模块化可分离的泵浦模块22的槽,而用短划线27示出供耦合到增益模块26的相应的额外泵浦模块输出端。
增益模块26包含增益光纤,所述增益光纤并入到激光振荡器30中从而在相反的光纤布拉格光栅31之间提供激光振荡。在一些实施例中,增益模块26的增益光纤包含被设定尺寸以适应光纤激光器***20的预定最高输出功率的光纤。举例来说,在一些实施例中,所选的最大操作输出功率是在例如1kW、2kW、3kW、4kW、5kW或更高等kW范围中。光纤激光器***20的最大输出功率是由能够拼接到增益模块26的泵浦模块22的数目和输出功率来确定的。因此,可产生光纤激光器输出光束28而不使用多个冗余振荡器或放大器***、冗余支持机械和电学组件且不使用信号合并器来合并多个冗余组件光纤激光器输出。
泵浦模块22和增益模块26的独立和模块化本质允许每一个被独立地进行维护。举例来说,如果在增益模块26中发生光纤故障,那么可替换增益模块26而所安装的泵浦模块中的每一个则保持完好而不进行任何修改或实质性修改。类似地,如果泵浦模块22以某种方式发生故障,那么可替换所述泵浦模块22,从而使每个其它泵浦模块22和增益模块26在适当位置而不对其进行任何修改或实质性修改。本文中的***提供强健性优点,因为更有可能将潜在故障隔离到特定***模块,这些特定***模块可在不替换整个***的情况下加以互换和升级。
在优选实施例中,泵浦模块22包含一或多个半导体二极管激光器模块34,每个半导体二极管激光器模块包含一或多个半导体二极管激光器,所述一或多个半导体二极管激光器提供被合并且耦合到二极管激光器模块的输出端光纤36的一或多个二极管激光器输出光束。多个输出端光纤36以光学方式耦合到泵浦模块泵浦合并器38,以将二极管激光器模块泵浦光合并到泵浦模块输出端24中。泵浦模块泵浦合并器38经配置以在大芯径(core)中传输低亮度多模泵浦光,这与在小芯径中传输高亮度信号光的信号合并器相反。泵浦合并器的制造成本往往小于信号合并器的制造成本,因为例如合并器输出端处的光束品质和光学***损耗等性能需求通常要求不高。
经合并的泵浦光通过一或多个泵浦模块输出端24而从泵浦模块22耦合出来。泵浦模块输出端24以光学方式耦合(例如,通过光纤拼接)到增益模块26从而耦合到其光纤合并器(fibercombiner)40上。光纤合并器40的设计可类似于与每一泵浦模块22相关联的泵浦模块泵浦合并器38。但是,在优选实施例中,增益模块中的合并器可以是传输信号与泵浦光两者的泵浦-信号合并器。如下文中将进一步描述,可在以下各者处使用泵浦-信号合并器:在增益模块增益光纤的后端处、在用以发射对向传播(counter-propagating)泵浦光的增益光纤的前端处、在增益级内或增益级之间(例如,在振荡器与放大器之间或在放大器之间),或其某一组合。在本文的各种实施例中,由于泵浦模块与增益模块之间的光纤拼接头的性能需求往往低于必须传输信号光的拼接头(例如,在常规设计中的组件光纤激光器与信号合并器之间)的性能需求,所以伴随地拼接需求是宽松的,从而允许在不太干净的房间条件下使用市售设备就地将泵浦模块输出端24拼接到光纤合并器40的所选增益模块输入端。相比于将光纤拼接到信号合并器,对于将输出端24拼接到光纤合并器40来说,瞄准灵敏度(alignmentsensitivity)和劈角(cleave-angle)需求更低,这也促进了在工厂或其它现场环境中将光纤拼接到光纤合并器40的可达性。对于玻璃包层光纤来说,泵浦模块输出端24到光纤合并器40的拼接对污物不敏感且因此适合用于现场和工厂环境中。在一些实施例中,泵浦模块输出端24经由可插拔到泵浦模块或增益模块或泵浦模块与增益模块两者中的接头而耦合到增益模块26,从而去除对拼接的需要且进一步提高光纤激光器***的模块性。
除了提高光纤激光器***20的现场可维护性之外,泵浦模块和增益模块的模块化分离还考虑到***20到更高允许的输出功率的现场可升级性。举例来说,额外泵浦模块22可拼接到增益模块的光纤合并器40的开放式泵浦光纤输入端。额外泵浦模块22可与拼接到增益模块26的现有模块22相同或不同,使得可以将***20的激光器输出端28可选择性地扩展到更高功率。类似于维护现有***20,用于将额外泵浦模块22的泵浦模块输出端24拼接到光纤合并器40的光纤输入端的工序是相对简单的,且可在工厂或其它现场环境中执行。泵浦模块与增益模块之间的模块化分离还考虑到***20的可扩展的功率输出,因为泵浦模块之间的物理分离以及增益模块与泵浦模块之间的物理分离减少或消除了模块之间的热串扰。每个模块可具备独立的水冷却端口,使得模块可独立地冷却或并行地或串行地一同冷却。在根据本发明的方面所构建的一个实例大功率光纤激光器***中,可产生3kW光纤激光器输出功率,其中三个1.5kW泵浦模块拼接到增益模块。在另一个实例中,构建或升级光纤激光器***以具有三个2.0kW泵浦模块可提供4kW光纤激光器输出功率。在一些实施例中,可将一或多个备用泵浦模块提供于光纤激光器***20中,以供在另一个泵浦模块发生故障的情况下使用。***20可经配置以在发生故障后立刻切换到备用泵浦模块,或在一或多个其它有源泵浦模块在一段时间内降级时缓慢地切换到备用泵浦模块。泵浦模块的可分离本质进一步允许就地用新泵浦模块替换发生故障的模块而不影响备用泵浦模块或光纤激光器***的操作。
除现场可维护性和现场功率可扩充性之外,***20的模块性还提供对各种技术改进的适应性,从而确保***20和其现有模块与激光器行业中的创新步伐的相容性。举例来说,泵浦二极管技术的改进可提供经升级的泵浦模块22。所述经升级的泵浦模块可替代现有泵浦模块22或可补充现有泵浦模块22加以使用,从而提供改进的***性能、效率、成本或其任何组合,而不需要对还没有升级的组件进行显著的设计改变或替换。类似地,增益模块技术的例如振荡器或放大器架构等改进可提供经升级的增益模块26。所述经升级的增益模块可替代替现有增益模块26而不需要替换或修改泵浦模块。可再次在现场或工厂环境中执行各种替代。
在kW光纤激光器的许多工业应用中,单模输出光束品质并非是必需的。因此,常规架构通常使用信号合并器来合并产生单模信号束的光纤激光器输出端,以产生多模输出光束。在光纤激光器***20的一些实施例中,增益模块26并不产生单模输出端,因为此类输出端对于许多应用来说并非是必需的。因为期望输出端是多模输出端,所以***20可达成此类输出端而不需要单模合并型式的复杂度。并且,因为增益模块26的单模操作并非是必需的,所以将增益模块26的功率扩展到多kW输出端更可理解。允许增益模块26的增益光纤是多模增益光纤有助于以比通过最大化个体光纤激光器的单模输出功率更切实可行的方式进行功率扩展,因为单模功率界限低于多模功率界限。单模光纤激光器通常限于大约1到2kW的功率电平,从而导致需要合并多个光纤激光器以便达到多kW功率电平;将单模功率扩展超出此电平的方法通常必然伴有对于工业激光器***来说非期望的成本、复杂度和/或无效率。
在其它实施方案中,单模***输出端可能是期望的,且增益模块26可被配置成用于单模输出端。单模增益模块26的额定输出功率通常低于具有多模输出端的对等***的额定输出功率。但是,***20的架构的模块性允许用单模增益模块来调换多模增益模块。在一个实施例中,单模增益模块的额定值可为1kW的输出,而多模增益模块的额定值可为3或4kW的输出。
在增益模块26的典型实施例中,输出光束28的光束品质一般来讲取决于增益模块的最大额定功率,使得增益模块26的较高额定功率一般来讲与输出光束28的较低光束品质对应。增益模块26的一些特定实施例的最大额定功率可高于增益模块26的其它特定实施例,且对于相同输出电平来说,较高额定功率模块所提供的输出光束28的光束品质将低于使用较低额定功率模块所提供的输出光束28的光束品质。但是,在本文中的光纤激光器***实施例(其不利用熔融信号合并器使得相对应地避免了输出光束28中非期望的光束品质降级)中,经配置以接收多个泵浦模块输出端24的较高额定功率增益模块26变成有可能。因此,为将多个泵浦模块输出端24接收于增益模块26中所作的准备并不表示针对多kW功率输出端所配置的***20的显著光束品质损害,而是可基于合并单模光纤激光器的输出端来提供比具有类似输出功率的***更好的光束品质。
用于工业材料处理应用的常规kW光纤激光器***通常在2到4kW的功率电平下提供2.3到3.0mm-mrad的光束参数积(BPP,光束品质的标准量度),且BPP一般来讲在更高功率下更大(即,更坏的光束品质)。通过去除根据本发明的各种方面的信号合并器,具有更高光束品质的输出端是有可能的。举例来说,使用当前可用的泵浦二极管,在2到3kW下小于大约1mm-mrad的光束品质是有可能的,且在4到5kW下小于大约2mm-mrad的光束品质是有可能的。
可以多种可选配置来提供模块化泵浦模块。参考图3A,示出了包含多个半导体二极管激光器模块44的泵浦模块42。二极管激光器模块44是光纤耦合型的,使得在激光器模块44中产生的二极管激光器光被导引到输出端光纤46中。多个输出端光纤46与熔融光纤泵浦合并器48合并。合并器通常由玻璃制成,且成锥形或经熔融以将多个光纤输入端折压到更少或一个光纤输出端。耦合到合并器48中的光经合并且被导引到泵浦模块输出端50中。可使用不同类型的二极管激光器模块44,这样可提供不同水平的激光束亮度或辐照度以及功率输出。因此,在一些实施例中,可使用特定类型的更少二极管激光器模块44、特定类型的更多二极管激光器模块44或不同类型的二极管激光器模块44来达成泵浦模块42的相同的期望功率输出。通过合并器48,多个输出端光纤46被合并于单级中,以提供泵浦模块输出端50从而随后光学耦合到增益模块(未图示),所述泵浦模块输出端可以是聚合物包层或玻璃包层或聚合物包层与玻璃包层两者。在图3B中,示出了包含单个半导体二极管激光器模块45的泵浦模块43。二极管激光器模块45提供足够量的光学泵浦功率以用于耦合到泵浦模块输出端50中,而不需要使用泵浦合并器来将多个二极管激光器模块合并于泵浦模块中。
参考图4,示出了泵浦模块52的另一个实例,所述泵浦模块使用呈多级合并器配置的多个二极管激光器模块54。所述二极管模块提供与第一级泵浦光纤合并器58合并的光纤耦合输出端56。合并器58提供第一级合并器输出端60,所述第一级合并器输出端随后耦合于第二级泵浦合并器62中。第二级泵浦合并器62可取决于多级泵浦模块52的亮度、功率或其它需求和特性而与第一级合并器58相同或类似。耦合到第二级合并器62中的光经合并且被提供作为泵浦模块输出端64以用于随后光学耦合到增益模块(未图示),所述泵浦模块输出端可以是聚合物包层或玻璃包层或聚合物包层与玻璃包层两者。
在图5中,示出了提供多个泵浦模块输出端的泵浦模块66的另一个实施方案。泵浦模块66包含将激光器泵浦光提供到对应的光纤耦合输出端光纤70的多个二极管激光器模块68。第一组输出端光纤72耦合到第一泵浦合并器74中。泵浦光通过泵浦合并器74而被合并且被导引到玻璃包层或聚合物包层(或玻璃包层与聚合物包层两者)的第一泵浦模块输出端76。第二组输出端光纤78耦合到第二泵浦合并器80中。所述第二合并器80合并接收到的泵浦光并将光导引到玻璃包层或聚合物包层(或玻璃包层与聚合物包层两者)的第二泵浦模块输出端82。在其它实施方案中,泵浦模块66具有两个以上泵浦模块输出端。如所示出,泵浦输出端76、82包含位于泵浦模块66的边界处的可插拔接头83。接头83可通过允许使用独立接插缆(patchcable)以连接泵浦模块和增益模块或通过简化泵浦模块与增益模块之间的连接而有助于本文中的泵浦模块的模块性。但是,本文中也可以使用光学拼接头来将泵浦模块66的输出端连接到增益模块。
在图6中,示出了增益模块84的替代实施方案。增益模块84包含多个聚合物包层、玻璃包层或玻璃包层与聚合物包层两者的泵浦输入端86,所述泵浦输入端可从泵浦模块输出端(未图示)而被接收或可与泵浦模块输出端(未图示)相同。如所示出,泵浦输入端86经由可插拔接头87而耦合到增益模块84中,不过还可使用光学拼接头。泵浦输入端86以光学方式耦合到增益模块熔融泵浦或泵浦信号合并器88,所述合并器合并接收到的泵浦光并将光耦合到增益模块合并器输出端90中。合并器输出端90的经合并的泵浦光被耦合或拼接到光纤激光振荡器94中,所述光纤激光振荡器将入射的泵浦功率转换到增益模块输出端96。增益模块输出端96可用作***输出端或其可以进一步与额外模块合并。光纤激光器振荡器94一般来讲包含:光学增益光纤98,其中耦合有泵浦光且其中产生增益模块输出端96;高反射器100,其经配置以反射激光能量从而产生输出端96和传输引入的泵浦光;以及部分反射器102,其经配置以传输输出端96的激光能量的至少一部分。高反射器和部分反射器可以是光纤布拉格光栅或其它合适的反射性光学组件。
在图7中,针对主振荡器功率放大器(MOPA)配置而示出了增益模块104的另一个替代实施方案。增益模块104包含耦合到增益模块熔融泵浦信号或泵浦合并器108的多个聚合物包层和/或玻璃包层的泵浦输入端106。合并器108经由泵浦输入端106来接收泵浦光且合并所述泵浦光,并将光束耦合到合并器输出端光纤部分110中。合并器输出端110的经合并的泵浦光被耦合或拼接到光纤激光振荡器112中,所述光纤激光振荡器将入射泵浦能量的第一部分转换为增益模块输出端116的信号能量。光纤激光振荡器112可包含:光学增益光纤114,其中耦合有泵浦光且其中产生增益模块输出端116的信号能量;高反射器118,其经配置以反映信号能量并传输引入的泵浦能量;以及部分反射器120,其经配置以传输至少某一百分比的信号能量。第一放大器124接收信号光,且使用泵浦光能量来放大所述信号光的功率。在其它实施方案中,可将一或多个额外放大器按顺序添加在第一放大器124后面,以改变增益模块输出端116的最大额定功率和光束品质。
在图9中示出的增益模块144的另一个实施方案中,来自一或多个泵浦模块的输出端光纤146在沿增益光纤148的一或多个位置处使用一或多个泵浦信号合并器150而耦合到增益光纤148中以在其中提供侧面泵浦,以便产生增益模块信号输出端152。可在例如图6中示出的振荡器等振荡器配置或如图7中示出的MOPA配置中结合增益光纤148来使用一或多个泵浦信号合并器150。合并器150可用于在各种位置处将光耦合到增益光纤148中,所述位置包含在高反射器与振荡器光纤之间、在振荡器与放大器光纤之间、在放大级之间或其某一组合。此外,可在信号束的方向上以共同传播方式、在与信号束相反的方向上(即,以对向传播方式)或以以上两种方式来发射泵浦光。在提供侧面泵浦的一些实例中,多个增益光纤148并行安置于增益模块中,以便产生一个以上的增益模块输出端152。类似地,应了解,对于本文中的其它各种增益模块实施方案来说,多个增益光纤还可以并行安置于其中以便产生多个增益模块输出端。
在图10中示出了增益模块154的另一个实施例中,振荡器156经双向泵浦(bi-directionallypump)以产生增益模块输出端158。来自一或多个泵浦模块的泵浦光是经由增益模块输入端光纤160在共同传播方向上使用合并器158(例如,位于振荡器的高反射器162前面的泵浦或泵浦信号类型等)或合并器159(例如,位于高反射器162与振荡器之间的泵浦信号类型等)而发射的。另外,来自一或多个泵浦模块的泵浦光是在对向传播方向上使用泵浦信号合并器164(例如,位于其振荡器与部分反射器166之间或在部分反射器后面等)而发射的。
在图8中,示出了增益模块126的实施方案,所述增益模块包含:多个聚合物包层和/或玻璃包层的泵浦输入端128;增益模块合并器130,其以光学方式耦合到输入端128以便从那里接收泵浦光;以及例如振荡器级和放大器级等一或多个增益光纤增益级132,其耦合到增益模块合并器130。增益级132接收泵浦光,且可操作以产生并放大将要提供于增益模块126的输出端136处的信号束。如所示出,偶数或奇数数目个泵浦输入端128(在此情况下为形成7x1合并器的偶数数目为六的输入端)耦合到增益模块合并器130的输入端138。聚合物包层和/或玻璃包层的中心输入端140耦合到合并器输入端138。中心输入端140以光学方式耦合到瞄准激光器142,所述瞄准激光器将光束导引穿过合并器130、增益级132和输出端136以提供瞄准光束,所述瞄准光束可用于指示从增益模块的输出端136射出的光束的方向;所述瞄准光束通常可以为肉眼所见(例如,红色或绿色波长等)。
图11和12说明由各种增益模块所接收并在其中耦合到合并器的泵浦输入端的实例布置情况。图11示出了在图8中所描绘的合并器上的布置情况,其中偶数数目为六的泵浦输入端128耦合到围绕中心输入端140的输入端138,所述中心输入端可以是瞄准激光器输入端或另一个泵浦输入端。在图12中,示出了耦合到合并器172的十九个输入端168的布置情况,这些输入端包含中心输入端170。中心输入端170可用于泵浦或瞄准光束。在例如本文中描述的泵浦信号合并器实施例等其它实施例中,中心输入端可专用于信号传播。在本文中的各种合并器实施例中,未使用的增益模块合并器输入端可成对且方便地一同拼接在增益模块中,以供存储和未来使用以及拼接额外泵浦模块或在移除泵浦模块之后。拼接成的输入端还可以使泵浦光和信号光再循环返回穿过增益模块,从而潜在地提高增益模块效率。通过再循环,原本应该予以管理的光和在未使用的泵浦输入端的终端处散掉的热可例如经由一或多个包层光剥离器而重导向到所设计的散热部位,其中支撑热机械***被配置成操纵并移除热负荷。
在图13中,示出了增益模块180的另一个示例性实施方案,所述增益模块包含:多个泵浦输入端182;以光学方式耦合到输入端182的增益模块合并器184;以及一或多个增益级186,其耦合到增益模块合并器184且其产生增益模块输出端188。聚合物包层和/或玻璃包层的中心光纤输入端190耦合到合并器的输入端192的中心位置。瞄准激光器194直接或使用分束器196而耦合到中心泵浦输入端190。光束捕集器(beamdump)198也耦合到中心泵浦输入端190,且经配置以接收、监视和散热或另外弃置来自增益模块增益光纤的非期望的后向传播光。举例来说,在目标处反射的光可变成经由其输出端188而反耦合到增益模块180中,且造成一或多个增益级186或例如上游泵浦模块等其它组件的损害。
因此,应了解,本文中的一些实施例在工业设置中配置大功率连续波或准连续波光纤激光器方面提供了优于常规方法的特定优点。本文中,可以可扩展和模块化方式来达成1kW或1kW以上的光纤激光器功率电平,使得可以可选择性地获得多千瓦输出功率。泵浦源变成与增益光纤和相应的增益级分离,从而改进可维护性、可制造性和现场可升级性以及利用各种组件技术中的未来的进步。可变的泵浦模块群体和调整群体的容易性提高了在***输出功率方面的***灵活性和可升级性。
在另外的实施例中,参考图14,示出了增益模块200和合并模块202。所述增益模块包含两组或两组以上泵浦输入端204,每一组耦合到相应的增益模块合并器206,且每一合并器耦合到相应的一或多个增益光纤增益级208。所述独立组组件可经配置以产生多个增益模块输出端210,每一增益模块输出端具有kW到多kW输出端电平。独立的多个增益模块输出端210可用于各种直接应用,或其可耦合到合并模块202。所述合并模块利用信号合并器212,所述信号合并器可经模块化以与增益模块200分离或可代替地将其信号合并器212包含作为增益模块200的一部分。可使用内部或外部信号合并器212以合并来自增益模块200的各种单模或多模输出端210,从而产生能够在多kW能谱中提供极高功率输出光束的经合并的光纤输出端214。举例来说,可达成4kW、6kW、8kW、10kW、12kW或甚至更高的平均功率输出。在额外实施例中,独立的增益模块可提供可以合并在位于增益模块200内部或外部的合并级202中的单增益模块输出端。
在另外的实施例中,参考图15,示出了增益模块220,其包含通过多个泵浦输入端224进行末端泵浦(end-pumped)的一对增益光纤222,所述多个泵浦输入端使用合并器226而耦合到对应的增益光纤222。大功率多模或单模增益光纤输出端228耦合到信号合并器230中,所述信号合并器将大功率增益光纤输出端228合并到增益模块220的单个大功率输出端232中。在一个实施例中,增益光纤输出端分别提供4kW的光学功率,这些光学功率与信号合并器230合并以提供大约8kW的增益模块输出。应了解,可针对增益模块220通过改变可扩展的泵浦模块和耦合到增益模块220的其泵浦输入端的数目和类型并且还通过根据本文中的各种实施方案和教导改变增益模块的架构来提供各种输出端功率或输出端功率的范围。人们认为,本发明和其许多伴随优点应从前述描述来理解,且应明了,可在其数个部分中进行各种改变而不脱离本发明的精神和范围或牺牲所有其材料优点,上文所描述的形式仅仅是其示范性实施方案。
Claims (21)
1.一种可配置以产生1kW或1kW以上的激光输出的模块化和可扩展的大功率光纤激光器***,其包括:
彼此分离地安置的一或多个可分离泵浦模块,每一泵浦模块包含通过一或多个基于光纤的泵浦模块泵浦合并器而以光学方式合并的多个光纤耦合组件泵浦源,每一泵浦模块提供一或多个泵浦模块光纤输出端;以及
增益模块,其与所述一或多个可分离泵浦模块分离地安置,且包含以光学方式耦合到所述泵浦模块光纤输出端中的相应的泵浦模块光纤输出端的一或多个增益模块泵浦光纤输入端,并且包含以光学方式耦合到所述一或多个增益模块泵浦光纤输入端的增益光纤,所述增益光纤经配置以产生与耦合到所述增益光纤的所述泵浦模块光纤输出端的数目和功率有关的可扩展的增益模块光纤输出功率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述一或多个增益模块泵浦光纤输入端在可维护的拼接部位处以光学方式耦合到所述相应的泵浦模块光纤输出端。
3.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述增益模块包含泵浦或泵浦信号类型的一或多个合并器,所述合并器经配置成以光学方式将所述一或多个增益模块泵浦光纤输入端耦合到所述增益光纤。
4.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述增益光纤并入到主光纤振荡器和光纤放大器中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的***,其中所述光纤放大器包含两个或两个以上增益级。
6.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述增益光纤并入到光纤振荡器中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述增益光纤是以选自由以下各项组成的群组的一或多种方式泵浦的:共同泵浦、对向泵浦、末端泵浦、侧面泵浦和双向泵浦。
8.根据权利要求3所述的***,其中所述一或多个增益模块泵浦光纤输入端在与其中心轴线同心的中心部位处和在从所述中心轴线径向偏移的一或多个部位处耦合到所述合并器的输入端。
9.根据权利要求8所述的***,其中瞄准光束耦合到瞄准光纤,所述瞄准光纤耦合到所述增益模块泵浦光纤输入端,所述增益模块泵浦光纤输入端耦合到所述中心部位。
10.根据权利要求3所述的***,其中耦合到所述中心部位的所述增益模块泵浦光纤输入端为所述增益光纤中的后向传播光提供光束捕集器输出端。
11.根据权利要求3所述的***,其中所述增益模块泵浦光纤输入端中的至少两个是未使用的且经由拼接而成对。
12.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述增益模块输出端提供大约1kW或1kW以上的输出光束。
13.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述泵浦源是光纤耦合激光二极管模块,每一者包含多个单发射极二极管激光器,所述单发射极二极管激光器的二极管激光器光束被准直、合并和集中到泵浦源光纤中。
14.根据权利要求1所述的***,其进一步包括冷却***,所述冷却***耦合到所述增益模块和所述一或多个泵浦模块,使得每一模块与每一其它模块热隔绝。
15.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中从所述泵浦源中的每一个到所述增益模块的输出端的路径是全光纤型的。
16.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述增益模块包含信号合并器,所述信号合并器经配置以接收所述增益模块中产生的多个信号束且合并所述信号束以形成所述光纤激光器***的大功率输出端。
17.根据权利要求1所述的***,其进一步包括至少另一个所述增益模块。
18.根据权利要求1所述的***,其中所述泵浦模块光纤输出端通过可插拔接头而以光学方式耦合到所述增益模块泵浦光纤输入端。
19.一种大功率光纤激光器***。其包括:
增益模块,其经配置成以一个输出光束波长产生1kW或1kW以上的输出光束;
以及
一或多个泵浦模块,其以光学方式耦合到所述增益模块,且经配置成以一个泵浦波长产生光从而用于以光学方式泵浦所述增益模块;
其中所述增益模块经配置以从所述一或多个泵浦模块接收泵浦光,使得所述输出光束的所述功率根据耦合到所述增益模块的泵浦模块的数目和功率而可扩展。
20.根据权利要求19所述的***,其中所述输出光束是2kW或2kW以上。
21.根据权利要求19所述的***,其中所述一或多个泵浦模块中的每一个包括多个激光二极管模块,所述多个激光二极管模块使用一或多个泵浦模块泵浦合并器而以光学方式耦合到泵浦模块输出端光纤。
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CN105161958B (zh) | 2019-12-17 |
CN110854655A (zh) | 2020-02-28 |
US20150349481A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
US20210226405A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
US10069271B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 |
US10971885B2 (en) | 2021-04-06 |
US20180198252A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
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