CN105157624B - A kind of compound chord measurement for being used to measure the longitudinal longitudinal irregularity of rail - Google Patents
A kind of compound chord measurement for being used to measure the longitudinal longitudinal irregularity of rail Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of compound chord measurement for being used to measure the longitudinal longitudinal irregularity of rail, on the premise of system cost is not increased, by comparing from the specific chord lengths of 1m, with reference to 3:97 chord lengths divide ratio, optimal FIR inverse filter designs method, combine that (3 1 dimension sensors are simultaneously using being 3 points of inclined strings with the flexible of 3 sensors of group, only it is 2 strings with 1# and 3# sensors), short wavelength and long-wavelength detection are combined together, the actual irregularity waveform of track that can be in accurate recovery full recovery band.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compound chord measurement for being used to measure the longitudinal longitudinal irregularity of rail.
Background technology
Theoretical research and engineering practice are it has been proved that track irregularity is to cause rolling stock to produce vibration, cause wheel track
Active force increase, the principal element for causing circuit aspect directly limitation road speed.Therefore, track irregularity is grasped in accurate measurement
Actual conditions be to realize the precondition that Scientific Assessment and monitoring management are carried out to rail smooth state.
Longitudinal irregularity waveform present on track be spatial distribution randomness deformation, wave-length coverage from tens millimeters to
Over one hundred rice, wavelength is longer, and amplitude is bigger, is highly difficult by being detected to irregularity entirely accurate present on track.By
Different in the performance of dynamics of vehicle, vehicle only has response to the track irregularity waveform of a wavelength range.Therefore, detection system
System only needs that the irregularity waveform in particular range of wavelengths is restored and measured.Under high-speed condition, 20m~70m wavelength
Irregularity, will make the relatively low car body of intrinsic frequency occur exciting, general railway or heavy haul railway (speed 80Km/h~120Km/h)
Only medium wavelength (5m~12m) irregularity is any limitation as, high-speed railway is especially paid attention to uneven to short wavelength (30mm~1000mm)
Suitable control.Set accordingly and recover band for 30mm~60m.
At present, countries in the world, which are used for measuring the method for longitudinal irregularity, can be summarized as inertial reference method and chord measurement two is big
Class.
Inertial reference method is by acceleration transducer to set up an inertial reference benchmark in the car body of motion, utilizes car
Displacement transducer on body carrys out relative position of the measure track relative to benchmark, so as to obtain rail surface in inertial coodinate system
Relative position.Principle is as shown in Figure 1.
If A (t) represents the vertical vibration acceleration of car body, it is measured by the accelerometer on car body floor
, the vibration and impact of car body are relatively small, and maximum is no more than several g (acceleration of gravity).D (L) is represented between axle box and car body
Vertical relative displacement, it is measured by the displacement transducer between axle box and accelerometer, to acceleration make
Corresponding Integral Processing just can obtain the movement locus of accelerometer mount point, be further that can obtain as algebraic operation with D (L)
The track P (L) of rail top face.Its operation expression is：
P (L)=∫ ∫ A (t) dt2-D(L) (1)
Chord measurement drives several displacement transducers along track longitudinal direction according to the spacing word order being pre-designed, and is passed by displacement
Sensor measures light source incidence point and rail level distance, is then divided according to chord length than being derived by string measured value, most basic string surveys system
System is 2 strings or 3 equal string measuring systems.By taking the string such as 3 points as an example, principle is as shown in Figure 2.
String measured value bo and the actual value bb' for being not equal to track irregularity, but actual value and the product of ssystem transfer function.
Inertial reference method disclosure satisfy that measurement request in theory.But it is due to axle box acceleration caused by track irregularity
Dynamic range is very big, and to measure 0.lm to the irregularity of 50m wavelength, resolving accuracy is 1 millimeter, then needs measurement acceleration to move
State scope is 0.0013g-311g, and frequency range is 0.56Hz-278Hz.Current sensor and Electrical Measuring Instrument are difficult at this
Ensure such resolving accuracy in the big dynamic range of sample.Meanwhile, its accuracy of detection is influenceed by train running speed, and shortwave is examined
Survey has certain blind area, is mainly used on large-scale track detection vehicle.
Chord measurement restores accuracy and restricted by transmission function, is broadly divided into 2 strings, the strings such as 3 points, 3 points of inclined strings and at 4 points
4 kinds of measuring methods such as inclined string, (chord length takes 330mm, 3 points of inclined string strings to the amplitude-versus-frequency curve of respective transfer functions as shown in Figure 3
Length is divided into 1:10,4 points of inclined string chord lengths are divided into 3:17:1).
Wherein, string (versed sine method) amplitude gain such as 2 strings and 3 points is very fast with irregularity wavelength change, is mainly used in pair
Long wavelength's composition is restored, and now its chord length is generally tens of rice.2 strings can only be to the irregularity waveforms of wavelength ＞ chord lengths
Restored, the strings such as 3 points can only restore to the irregularity waveform of the chord lengths of wavelength ＞ 1/2.3 points of inclined strings and 4 points of inclined strings
(swearing method partially) transmission function is complex, and amplitude gain is gentle with wavelength change, is mainly used in restoring short wavelength's composition,
Its chord length is general less than 1 meter.
Recover band for 30mm~60m of setting, 4 kinds of methods of the above can not effectively meet demand when being used alone.
Inertial reference method is detected and data handling system is complex and expensive, and chord measurement can only be to specific long wave
Long or short wavelength's composition is restored, it is impossible to which 30mm~60m full recovery bands of setting are restored.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are, in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, providing a kind of for measuring rail longitudinal direction
The compound chord measurement of longitudinal irregularity.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：One kind is used to measure rail longitudinal direction height
The compound chord measurement of irregularity, comprises the following steps：
1) three laser sensors are set respectively on the left rail and right rail of track；
2) i=0 is made；
3) the light source incidence point that three laser sensor synchronous acquisitions on left rail or right rail are arrived to Rail Surface away from
From data, the range data of three laser sensor collections is stored in array 1# (i), 2# (i), 3# (i) respectively；
4) i=i+1 is made, is repeated the above steps 3), until i=50000；
5) by step 4) obtained three number groups are assigned to array 11# (j), 12# (j), 13# (j) respectively；
6) exceptional value in array 11# (j), 12# (j), 13# (j) is removed, new array 111# (j), 112# (j) is obtained,
113#(j)；
7) 3 points of inclined strings are calculated：Make s1=111# (j), s2=112# (j), s3=113# (j), is utilized3 points of inclined string string measured value y (x) ' are calculated, it is inverse to design 3 points of inclined strings using 3 points of inclined string string measured values
Wave filter, recovers string and surveys waveform 30mm~1200mm shortwave long components；Wherein s=1000mm, a=30mm, b=970mm；
8) 2 points of inclined strings are calculated：Make k=0.Whether be zero, if so, 21# (k)=111# (j), 23# (k) if judging j%100
=113# (j), k=k+1；Otherwise, j=j+1 is made, repeats the above steps and remainder judgement is carried out to j values, until j=50000；
9) s is made1'=21# (k), s2'=23# (k), utilizes formula y (x)=s1'-s3' 2 string string measured value y (x) are calculated,
And 2 points of inclined string inverse filters are designed using 2 string string measured value y (x), recover string and survey waveform 1200mm~60m long wave long components.
Compared with prior art, the advantageous effect of present invention is that：The present invention is used merely in the traditional chord measurement of improvement
On the basis of short wavelength (30mm~1m) or long wavelength (1m~60m) string survey waveform recovery, by comparing from the specific strings of 1m
It is long, with reference to 3:97 chord lengths divide ratio, optimal FIR inverse filter designs method, the flexibly means such as combination with 3 sensors of group,
Short wavelength and long-wavelength detection are combined together, the actual irregularity waveform of track that can be in accurate recovery full recovery band.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is inertial reference method schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is chord measurement schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the transmission function amplitude versus frequency characte figure that four kinds of strings survey method；
Fig. 4 is detecting system hardware block diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 (a) is s=330mm, the inclined string amplitude frequency curve figures of 3 points of a=30mm, 40mm, 50mm；Fig. 5 (b) is a=30mm,
b:A=1, b:A=5, b:A=10, b:A=15, b:A=20, b:The inclined string amplitude frequency curve figures of 3 points of a=30；Fig. 5 (c) is a=
The inclined string amplitude frequency curve figures of 3 points of 30mm, s=330mm, 500mm, 800mm, 1000mm；
Fig. 6 is 2 string Frequency Sampling Method design flow diagrams of the invention；
Fig. 7 is 3 string advantest method design flow diagrams of the invention；
Fig. 8 is that string of the present invention surveys waveform recovery flow chart；
Fig. 9 is three kinds of waveform spatial domain figures of the invention；
Figure 10 is original waveform and the spectral contrast figure for restoring waveform.
Embodiment
Occur to avoid projecting situation beyond rail top by light during bend caused by car body mounting means, rail is indulged
It is placed in longitudinal irregularity detecting system on a detection dolly, the dynamic that the progress irregularity that advances can be drawn with Operation Van is surveyed
Amount, fully improves operating efficiency.Detecting system is tieed up laser displacement sensor, concentrator, data and adopted by machinery mount, high accuracy 1
A few part compositions such as collecting system, hardware system block diagram is as shown in Figure 4.
Detecting system uses 2 groups of totally 6 dimension laser displacement sensors of high accuracy 1, every group 3, completes side rail longitudinal direction
The measurement of longitudinal irregularity.It is placed in 3 sensors of group in a mounting box, light source incidence fixed fire is on one wire, and incident
Light is each perpendicular to rail top center line.To ensure 3 sensor synchronous acquisition rail top irregularity data with Spatial zonation from sampling
Realization, a rotary photoelectric encoder is installed on wheel shaft, equidistant square-wave pulse signal is exported, it is same that signal is accessed into sensor
Step triggering input, sensor can pulse effective edge along synchronism output measurement data, it is ensured that between multiple sensors are synchronously waited
Away from sampling.
Implementation process of the present invention is as follows：
The first step：Select suitable chord length and divide ratio
The selected minimum 30mm of laser displacement sensor light source center spacing.Ratio and overall string are divided to compare chord length
The long influence to transmission function amplitude versus frequency characte, has carried out following 3 experiments and (has set overall chord length as s, chord length is divided than being a:b)：
1. s=330mm, a=30mm, 40mm, 50mm are taken, shown in 3 points of inclined string amplitude frequency curve such as Fig. 5 (a)；
2. a=30mm, b are taken:A=1, b:A=5, b:A=10, b:A=15, b:A=20, b:A=30,3 points of inclined string width
Shown in frequency curve such as Fig. 5 (b)；
3. a=30mm, s=330mm, 500mm, 800mm, 1000mm, 2 strings and 3 points of inclined string amplitude frequency curve such as Fig. 5 are taken
(c) shown in.
If transmission function is too small, inverse filter, which excessively amplifies string measured value, can cause violent vibration, therefore need to set width in figure
It is worth the blue horizontal warning line of gain 0.1.Drawn a conclusion by experimental result as follows：
1. during wavelength=a, 3 points of inclined string transmission function amplitudes are 0；
2. 3 points of inclined string amplitude gains increase with wavelength and are gradually reduced, b:A ratios are bigger, and gain reduction is slower；
3. a=30 is fixed, during chord length s=1000mm, in cordon bleu line, it is 30mm- that 3 points of inclined strings, which recover wavelength,
2000mm, it is 1.2m-63m that 2 strings, which recover wavelength, and both recover wavelength and effectively overlapped, and meeting actual recovery band 30mm-60m will
Ask.
Therefore, chord length s=1000mm, a=30mm, b=970mm are selected.
Second step：Design corresponding inverse filter
2 string transmission functions：
H (ω)=1-e-j*ω*s, s is chord length (3)
3 points of inclined string transmission functions
S is chord length, and chord length is divided than being a:b (4)
The chord length s and its chord length that the first step is selected, which are divided, compares a:B substitutes into formula (3) and formula (4), to design corresponding inverse filter
Ripple device.Wherein, 2 string transmission functions are relatively simple, are designed using Frequency Sampling Method, uneven for recovering 1.2m~60m
Waveform long wavelength's composition is surveyed along string；3 points of inclined string transmission functions are complex, and phase-frequency characteristic is difficult to calculate, and is carried out using advantest method
Design, for recovering 30mm~1200mm short wavelength's compositions.
2 string design flow diagrams are as shown in Figure 6.
3 points of inclined string design flow diagrams are as shown in Figure 7.
3rd step：String surveys the acquisition of data and waveform restores
Detecting system receives the trigger pulse that first encoding device is sent, displacement of the output with 31 dimension sensors of group per 2mm
Value.3 points of inclined strings are 2mm per the sampling interval between twice, and 2 strings are 200mm.
2 string string measured values
Y (x)=s1-s3, s1、s3The shift value (5) measured for respective sensor
3 points of inclined string string measured values
s1、s2、s3The shift value (6) measured for respective sensor
The string measured value of 2 strings and 3 points of inclined strings is substituted into the corresponding inverse filter of second step design, you can ripple is surveyed to string
Shape is restored accordingly.Provide, rail smooth degree is once evaluated per 100m, overall string according to EN13231-3-2000
It is as shown in Figure 8 that flow is restored in the acquisition and waveform for surveying data.
For ease of observation checking, design one section of long 100m irregularity original waveform, by wavelength be respectively 50mm, 200mm,
1m, 5m, 10m sine-wave superimposed are formed.Remove point of the 2# sensors without string measured value, obtain string and survey data.Respectively through 2 strings
With 3 points of inclined string lifterings, obtain short wavelength's composition and long wavelength's composition restores waveform.Three and corresponding frequency spectrum are as shown in Figure 9.
The string that Fig. 9 is actual to be adopted is surveyed waveform and differed greatly with original waveform, and the long wavelength's composition obtained through liftering is just
For the low-frequency range of original waveform, its a length of high band of shortwave.Figure 10 restores waveform and essentially coincided with the original waveform of corresponding section, former
The spectral components that beginning waveform contains accurately are embodied in waveform is restored, it was demonstrated that the feasibility of this method.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of compound chord measurement for being used to measure the longitudinal longitudinal irregularity of rail, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) three laser sensors are set respectively on the left rail and right rail of track；
2) i=0 is made；
3) distance number of the light source incidence point that three laser sensor synchronous acquisitions on left rail or right rail are arrived to Rail Surface
According to the range data of three laser sensor collections is stored in array 1# (i), 2# (i), 3# (i) respectively；
4) i=i+1 is made, is repeated the above steps 3), until i=50000；
5) by step 4) obtained three number groups are assigned to array 11# (j), 12# (j), 13# (j) respectively；
6) exceptional value in array 11# (j), 12# (j), 13# (j) is removed, new array 111# (j), 112# (j), 113# is obtained
(j)；
7) 3 points of inclined strings are calculated：Make s1=111# (j), s2=112# (j), s3=113# (j), is utilized3 points of inclined string string measured value y (x) ' are calculated, it is inverse to design 3 points of inclined strings using 3 points of inclined string string measured values
Wave filter, recovers string and surveys waveform 30mm~1200mm shortwave long components；Wherein s=1000mm, a=30mm, b=970mm；
8) 2 points of inclined strings are calculated：K=0 is made, whether judge j%100 is zero, if so, 21# (k)=111# (j), 23# (k)=
113# (j), k=k+1；Otherwise, j=j+1 is made, repeats the above steps and remainder judgement is carried out to j values, until j=50000；
9) s is made1'=21# (k), s3'=23# (k), utilizes formula y (x)=s1'-s3' calculate 2 string string measured value y (x), and profit
2 points of inclined string inverse filters are designed with 2 string string measured value y (x), recovers string and surveys waveform 1200mm~60m long wave long components.
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