CN105143646A - 用于排气后处理设备升温的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于排气后处理设备升温的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105143646A
CN105143646A CN201480022825.1A CN201480022825A CN105143646A CN 105143646 A CN105143646 A CN 105143646A CN 201480022825 A CN201480022825 A CN 201480022825A CN 105143646 A CN105143646 A CN 105143646A
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China
Prior art keywords
combustion engine
exhaust
internal
temperature
strategy
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CN201480022825.1A
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M·尼科尔森
S·拉特利奇
D·坎利夫
P·拉德洛
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Perkins Engines Co Ltd
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Perkins Engines Co Ltd
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Publication of CN105143646A publication Critical patent/CN105143646A/zh
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002Controlling intake air
    • F02D41/0007Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
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    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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    • F02D41/0245Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by increasing temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the engine
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    • F02D41/0255Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to accelerate the warming-up of the exhaust gas treating apparatus at engine start
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    • F02D41/0275Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
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    • F02D41/1444Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1446Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
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    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
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    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
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    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

为了有助于达到排气排放物标准,内燃机(110)可具有位于其排气流中的排气后处理设备(120)。然而,排气后处理设备(120)仅可在高于最低阈值温度上有效地运行。在本发明中,提供了一种用于使排气后处理设备(120)升温的方法和装置,以及一种用于控制排气后处理设备升温应当何时启动和停止的方法和装置。

Description

用于排气后处理设备升温的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于排气后处理设备升温的方法和装置。
背景技术
排气后处理设备(EATD)可以位于内燃机(例如柴油机)的排气流中,以减少或除去气体(例如氮氧化物(NO或NO2,统称为NOx)和/或颗粒排放物),从而达到排放法规的要求。现在有各种不同类型的排气后处理设备,例如柴油机氧化催化剂或者选择性催化还原(SCR)***,用于不同类型的颗粒排放物或NOx排放物的处理。
在EATD的运行过程中,EATD的温度可能需要维持在最低阈值温度以上,使得***可以有效地运行。例如,SCR***将具有最低阈值温度,该温度取决于许多因素,包括在催化剂中使用的还原剂的类型,并且可能是例如200℃或210℃。SCR***可能需要在***中添加还原剂(例如无水氨、氨水或尿素(比如进行反应形成氨的尿素水溶液)),以降低通过SCR***的排气中的NOx水平。例如,可以通过将尿素水溶液注射到排气流中来将尿素水溶液添加到该***中。然而,SCR***必须高于使尿素分解并水解成氨(NH3)的最低阈值温度。若SCR***在最低阈值温度之下,则尿素可能不会分解并水解成NH3,在这种情况下,SCR***可能不会令人满意地降低NOx水平。因此,可设置成仅当SCR***温度高于尿素最低阈值温度时才将尿素添加到SCR***,从而将SCR***限制为当SCR***温度高于最低阈值温度时才运行。
当内燃机冷启动时,SCR***可能最初为冷态,然后由排气逐渐升温。然而,可能需要一点时间使SCR***的温度超过其运行的最低阈值温度。为了达到排放法规的要求,从发动机起动起的预定时间段内,排放物需要符合这些法规的要求。在预定时间段内排放物是否符合这些法规的要求可能取决于在预定时间段结束前SCR***是否正在运行。因此,可能期望减小使SCR***的温度达到其运行的最低阈值温度所耗费的时间。
发明内容
在本发明的第一方面,提供了一种用于控制排气后处理设备的升温策略的运行的方法,所述策略用于增加位于内燃机的排气流中的排气后处理设备的温度,所述方法包括以下步骤:当内燃机运行、内燃机的温度超过发动机温度阈值并且排气后处理设备温度低于第一排气后处理设备温度阈值时,启动升温策略;并且当排气后处理设备温度超过第二排气后处理设备温度阈值时,停止升温策略。
在本发明的第二方面,提供了一种用于升高位于内燃机的排气流中的排气后处理设备的温度的方法,所述方法包括以下各项中的至少两项:延迟喷射至内燃机汽缸内的燃料喷射的时间;增加喷射至内燃机汽缸内的引燃燃料喷射和主燃料喷射之间的停顿时间;以及降低内燃机的空燃比。
在本发明的第三方面,提供了一种用于控制排气后处理设备的升温策略的运行的控制器,所述策略用于增加位于内燃机的排气流中的排气后处理设备的温度,所述控制器配置成:当内燃机运行、内燃机的温度超过发动机温度阈值并且排气后处理设备温度低于第一排气后处理设备温度阈值时,启动升温策略;并且当排气后处理设备温度超过第二排气后处理设备温度阈值时,停止升温策略。
在本发明的第四方面,提供了一种用于升高位于内燃机的排气流中的排气后处理设备的温度的控制器,所述控制器配置为执行以下各项中的至少两项:延迟喷射至内燃机汽缸内的燃料喷射的定时;增加喷射至内燃机汽缸内的引燃燃料喷射和主燃料喷射之间的停顿时间;以及降低内燃机的空燃比。
附图说明
现在将结合以下附图仅以举例的方式对根据本发明各个方面的排气后处理设备升温方法和装置进行描述,在附图中:
图1示出了包括内燃机和排气后处理设备的内燃机装置;
图2示出了包括内燃机、排气后处理设备、涡轮增压器和排气再循环装置的内燃机装置;
图3示出了示例性车辆,在该车辆中可使用图1或图2的内燃机装置。
具体实施方式
图1示出了内燃机110(例如柴油机),在内燃机110的排气出口处设置有排气后处理设备(EATD)120(例如SCR设备)。从内燃机110排放的排气115经过EATD120,并且作为下游排气125从EATD120排出。EATD120可具有最低运行温度,低于该温度则不能有效处理排气115以减少或去除气体(例如NOx)。如果EATD120不能有效运行,下游排气125的气相成分可能不符合排放标准。
温度传感器130可位于EATD120上游的排气通道内,并且测量排气115的温度。排气温度测量值135可被发送至控制器140,控制器140可使用控制线145来控制内燃机110的运行。
当内燃机110启动时,EATD120可相对较冷并且处于其最低运行温度以下。如果EATD120的温度低于其最低运行温度,可采取行动以更快地将其温度提升到最低运行温度以上,这样EATD120可充分运行,并且对通过EATD的排气进行处理。
在内燃机110启动以后,控制器140将根据EATD温度的测量值和内燃机温度的测量值确定是否应该启动EATD升温策略。
发动机冷却剂温度的测量值可以指示内燃机温度。因此,发动机冷却剂温度可以作为内燃机温度的测量值。如果内燃机温度低于发动机温度阈值(例如65℃),可优选不启动EATD升温策略以避免内燃机110受到损坏,例如在发动机低负荷期间由发动机燃烧失火造成的损坏,或者存在与内燃机110关联的排气再循环热交换器时,由冷凝物过度积聚在排气再循环热交换器上产生的污垢造成的损坏。
但是,如果内燃机温度的测量值超过发动机温度阈值,可以认为内燃机110正在足以启动EATD升温策略的温度下运行。
发动机温度阈值可根据例如发动机尺寸、发动机类型和预期工作条件中的至少一项而设置为任何适宜的数值。发动机冷却剂的温度可采用任意一种技术人员周知的技术进行确定,例如采用位于发动机冷却剂内的温度传感器。
EATD120的温度可受到排气115温度的影响。因此,EATD温度可由控制器140从排气温度测量值135推导出来。如果测得的EATD120的温度(例如由温度传感器130确定)低于第一EATD阈值温度(例如210℃),可以认为EATD120处于其最低运行温度以下,并且可启动EATD升温策略。但如果EATD120处于第一EATD阈值温度以上,可以认为EATD120正在运行,因此可不启动EATD升温策略。
可以将第一EATD阈值温度设置为任何适当的值,低于该值时可以认为EATD120太冷以致不能运行,而高于该值时可以认为EATD120正在运行。例如,可以将其设置为EATD的最低运行温度,或者可以将其设置为高于最低运行温度的值。
因此,启动内燃机110后,如果测量的内燃机温度高于发动机温度阈值且EATD温度低于第一EATD温度阈值,则该EATD升温策略将会启动。然而,启动内燃机110后,如果内燃机温度低于发动机温度阈值或测量的EATD温度高于第一EATD温度阈值,则该EATD升温策略不会启动。
该EATD升温策略可以包括许多不同的技术,这些技术可以有助于升高EATD120的温度。例如,在每一个发动机循环包括两个燃料点火事件、一次引燃燃料喷射和一次主燃料喷射的情形下,与普通的发动机控制策略相比,可以增加引燃燃料喷射和主燃料喷射之间的停顿时间。通过增加停顿时间,主喷射和主燃烧因此也可以延迟,即主燃烧可以在发动机循环中更晚发生。这样做的结果是:排气在排气阀打开并且排气从发动机汽缸排出时可以较热。当较热的排气经过EATD120时,该EATD温度可更快地升高。
此外,或可选地,可以延迟将发动机燃料喷射到发动机汽缸中的定时。在每个发动机循环只包括单个燃料喷射事件的情形下,可以相对于普通发动机控制策略期间的燃料喷射定时而延迟该燃料喷射的定时,从而延迟燃烧,例如超过活塞的上止点(TDC)8°。在每个发动机循环包括两个燃料喷射事件的情形下,不管停顿时间是否也相对于普通的发动机控制策略增加,可以相对于普通的发动机控制策略期间它们的定时而延迟引燃喷射和主喷射二者的定时。如上所述,通过延迟燃料喷射并因此延迟燃料燃烧定时,可以升高排气115的温度,从而升高了EATD温度。
控制器140可利用控制图确定燃料喷射定时。可以存在用于普通的发动机控制策略的控制图,以及当EATD升温策略启动时使用的不同的控制图。当确定燃料喷射定时时,这些控制图可以考虑多个不同的发动机运行参数,例如空气温度、空气压力、发动机转速、节气门位置等。在引燃喷射和主喷射都有的情形下,停顿时间的任何变动还可以对在出现燃烧失火之前可能发生的喷射定时延迟的程度产生影响。因此,在EATD升温策略期间使用的控制图可以协同地调整停顿时间和喷射定时延迟以便优化这两种因素。
图2示出了类似于图1所示的内燃机装置,但具有位于排气出气流和发动机进气流中的涡轮增压器210。涡轮增压器210可具有由从内燃机110输出的排气205驱动的涡轮和压缩发动机进气口处的空气的压缩机。排气泄压阀220可与涡轮增压器210配合作用,使得当排气泄压阀打开程度打开程度增大时,更多的排气从涡轮增压器210的涡轮离开,从而降低了由发动机进气口处的涡轮增压器210的压缩机获得的增压压力。
作为排气后处理设备升温策略的一部分,可增大排气泄压阀220的打开程度以减小增压压力,并因此降低内燃机110中的空气-燃料比(AFR)。当内燃机110贫油运转时(即超过合理配比),例如对于柴油机,AFR的降低可增加排气205和115的温度。此外,当排气泄压阀220布置为使得流过排气泄压阀220的排气被再次引导至涡轮增压器210下游及EATD120上游(如图2所示)的排气115时,通过减少流经涡轮增压器210的涡轮的排气所做的功,甚至可进一步升高通过EATD120的排气的温度。
排气泄压阀220的打开程度由控制器140利用排气泄压阀控制线225进行控制。控制器140可采用控制图来确定排气泄压阀220的操作。可存在用于在发动机正常运转期间控制排气泄压阀220的第一控制图,以及在实施EATD升温策略时采用的第二控制图,其中第二控制图打开排气泄压阀220的程度比第一控制图大。当确定排气泄压阀220的操作时,控制图可以考虑多个不同的发动机运行参数,例如空气温度、空气压力、发动机转速、节气门位置等。
图2还示出了排气再循环(EGR)装置,其设计为将排气205的排气再循环至内燃机110的空气入口。通过EGR装置再循环的排气的量可由EGR阀230控制,当EGR阀230打开程度较大时,允许较大量的排气再循环。EGR阀230的打开程度由控制器140利用EGR阀控制线235进行控制。
较大的EGR阀230打开程度可具有两个效应。第一效应可降低内燃机110汽缸内的气体温度及排气205和115的温度。这是因为再循环的排气可包括比O2更多的CO2。CO2具有比O2更高的比热容,所以CO2可吸收更多的热量,从而降低内燃机110汽缸内的气体温度及排气205和115的温度。
第二效应是降低内燃机110的空气入口处O2的量,从而降低AFR。如上面所说明的,AFR的降低导致排气205和115的温度增加。
因为第二效应大于第一效应,增加EGR阀230的打开程度可得到使排气205和115的温度增加的最终结果。因此,EGR阀230的打开程度可作为EATD升温策略的一部分。
控制器140可使用控制图来确定EGR阀230的操作。可存在用于在发动机正常运行期间控制EGF阀230的第一控制图,以及在实施EATD升温策略时采用的第二控制图,其中第二控制图打开EGF阀230的程度比第一控制图大。当确定EGR阀230的操作时,控制图可以考虑多个不同的发动机运行参数,比如空气温度、空气压力、发动机转速、节气门位置等。
排气再循环设备升温策略可以利用上述的升温技术中的至少两种,即:增加燃料喷射停顿时间;延迟燃料喷射定时;更大程度地开启排气泄压阀220,及更大程度开启EGR阀230。这些技术中的每一种都可能对其他技术的运行产生影响。例如,燃料喷射停顿时间可影响燃料喷射定时的可延迟程度,并且排气泄压阀220和EGR阀230的打开程度都可影响AFR,因此,为获得理想的AFR,控制一个阀的打开程度时应考虑其他阀的打开程度。
因此,为了平衡作为EATD升温策略的一部分实施的不同技术的每一种的要求和结果,控制不同技术的每一种的的控制图都可能相互关连,使得例如燃料喷射停顿时间的变化可对排气泄压阀220开启产生影响,反之亦然。
当EATD升温策略启动时,可能增加了不必要的排气排放物,例如排气115中增加的烟尘和/或氮氧化物。当燃料点火定时推迟到发动机循环后期时,由于停顿时间的增加或燃料喷射定时延迟中的至少一个,不完全的燃料燃烧可能(至少部分地可能)引起烟尘的增加。
因此,虽然可能希望增加排气115的温度,以及通过在运行EATD升温策略的同时尽可能地因此也增加EATD120的温度,但可能还需要考虑随后由升温策略引起的排气排放物的增加。
因此,可以对用于EATD升温策略的控制图进行优化,从而在增加排气115的温度与同时将排气排放物仍保持在可接受的范围内之间实现平衡。
此外,为了在运行EATD升温策略时降低烟尘产生水平,可增加燃料喷射轨压力。通过增加燃料喷射压力,在内燃机110的汽缸内可以得到更均匀的空气-燃料混合物,这可以改善汽缸内的燃烧并且减少烟尘的产生。
一旦EATD升温策略已经启动,当EATD温度高于第二EATD温度阈值时,控制器140将停止该策略并返回到普通的发动机控制策略。第二EATD温度阈值可设置在一个水平,在这个水平之上则认为返回到普通的发动机控制策略不应造成EATD120的温度低于其最低操作温度。例如,第二EATD温度阈值可以是250℃。
然而,很有可能在EATD温度超过第二EATD温度阈值之前,EATD升温策略运行很长一段时间。如上所述,在运行EATD升温策略的同时,可能增加例如烟尘的排气排放物。此外,例如由于操作更接近内燃机110的机械极限,内燃机110的效率也可以降低。另外,运行EATD升温策略也可能影响内燃机110的耐久性和/或寿命。例如,当存在设置了内燃机110的排气再循环换热器时,运行EATD升温策略期间在低排气温度下的高烟尘率可能导致排气再循环换热器结垢,这可能会影响内燃机110的耐久性和/或寿命。
同时,可以期待的是如果内燃机110运行良好,EATD120应在合理的时间段内达到第二EATD温度阈值。如果需要更长的时间,可能是因为内燃机110运行不正常,在此情形下可优选地停止EATD升温策略。因此,可以不需要长时期地运行EATD升温策略。
可以布置成如果在运行EATD升温策略上所花的时间已经超过阈值时间段,即使EATD温度未达到第二EATD温度阈值,控制器140仍将退出该策略并返回到普通的发动机控制策略。
可选地,不使用阈值时间段则可以布置成如果从EATD升温策略启动以后通过内燃机110燃烧的燃料量已超过燃料量阈值,即使EATD温度还未达到第二排气后处理设备温度阈值,控制器140仍将退出升温策略并返回到普通的发动机控制策略。
当内燃机110全力工作时(例如由内燃机110驱动的车辆在路上行驶时),与内燃机110怠速运转时相比,单位时间内产生的排气排放量可以更大。而且,当内燃机110全力工作时,内燃机110的损害与内燃机110怠速运转时相比可发生得更快。另外,可以预见的是,当内燃机110全力工作时,EATD120的升温应该比内燃机110怠速运转时更快,因此,EATD升温策略应可以在较短时间段内提升高EATD120的温度。因此,通过监控燃料消耗,排气后处理设备升温策略可根据内燃机110的工作负荷状态在退出并返回普通的发动机控制策略之前运行不同时间。
如上所述,虽然运行了EATD升温策略,但可能导致烟尘量增多。如果柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)位于排气流内,DPF可充满烟尘,如果积聚的烟尘过多,可导致损害发生。控制器140可使用例如跨设在DPF上的射频(RF)传感器对DPF中的烟尘量进行监控。如果测得DPF中的烟尘含量超过烟尘阈值,可以认为DPF中的烟尘处于危险水平,为了减少排气205和排气115中的烟尘量,控制器140应退出EATD升温策略并返回普通的发动机控制策略,以此减少进入DPF的烟尘量。
因此,可以设置为当满足下述至少一个条件时,控制器140退出EATD升温策略:EATD温度超过第二EATD温度阈值;内燃机110燃烧的燃料量超过燃料量阈值;或者DPF中的烟尘水平超过烟尘阈值;
图1和图2示出了可用于实施本发明上述各个方面的控制器140。控制器140可具有用于测量EATD120的温度的排气温度测量值135输入端和用于控制内燃机110运行的控制线145输出端。控制器140还可具有用于控制排气泄压阀220打开程度的排气泄压阀控制线225输出端和用于控制EGR阀门230打开程度的EGR阀门控制线235输出端。
控制器140可实施为独立控制单元,或可合并到发动机控制单元中。
图3示出了其中可使用图1和图2所示的内燃机装置的示例性车辆。
技术人员能容易理解的是,可以使用本发明上述各方面的多种替代方案。
例如,EATD120的温度可通过任意一种技术人员周知的方法进行确定。例如,可使用位于EATD120下游的温度传感器、或者使用位于EATD120内的温度传感器、或者使用位于EATD120上游、EATD120内和/或EATD120下游的温度传感器的某个组合来确定温度,而不是使用位于EATD120上游的温度传感器130来确定温度。可选地,可根据至少一个发动机工作条件来估计EATD的温度,例如空气温度、空气压力、发动机转速、节气门位置等。
而且,内燃机110的温度可通过任意一种技术人员已知的方法进行确定,例如,可使用位于内燃机110内的温度传感器确定温度,或者根据至少一个发动机工作条件来估计温度,例如空气温度、空气压力、发动机转速、节气门位置等。
另外,虽然图2示出的EGR装置是从涡轮增压器210的涡轮机上游吸入排气205,并在涡轮增压器210的压缩机下游对其再循环,但排气也可以从排气流任意一点被吸入并再循环至进气流的任意一点。
而且,虽然图2示出排气泄压阀220打开,使得排气绕过涡轮增压器210的涡轮机被再次引入EATD120的排气流上游,但绕过的排气也可以在涡轮增压器210的涡轮机下游任意一点处被再次引入排气流,或者直接排入大气,或者为这两者的某个组合。
此外,虽然图2示出了具有涡轮增压器210和EGR装置的内燃机装置,但是内燃机装置也可仅包括涡轮增压器210和EGR装置中的一个,在这种情况下,EDTA升温策略可以利用在发动机装置的部件上可用的任何排气升温技术。
此外,除了打开排气泄压阀220或EGR阀230之外或作为一种替代方式,可以使用降低AFR的任何技术,例如使用与涡轮增压器210相关联的背压阀。
此外,虽然第一EDTA温度阈值和第二EDTA温度阈值的实例在本发明的上述方面中不同,但它们替代地也可以是相同的值。
工业实用性
本发明提供了一种用于升高排气后处理设备的温度的方法和装置,以及一种用于控制排气后处理设备升温策略的运行的方法和装置。起动内燃机后,排气后处理设备可能不能足够迅速地达到要求的最低运行温度以达到排放物标准。因而,通过在起动内燃机后使用排气后处理设备升温策略,排气后处理设备可以更迅速地达到最低运行温度,使得排气可达到排放物标准。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于控制排气后处理设备升温策略的运行的方法,所述策略用于升高位于内燃机的排气流中的排气后处理设备温度,所述方法包括如下步骤:
当所述内燃机运行、所述内燃机的温度超过发动机温度阈值并且排气后处理设备温度低于第一排气后处理设备温度阈值时,启动所述升温策略;以及
当所述排气后处理设备温度超过第二排气后处理设备温度阈值时,停止所述升温策略。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括以下步骤:当自启动所述升温策略后由所述内燃机燃烧的燃料的量超过燃料量阈值时,停止所述升温策略。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的方法,其进一步包括以下步骤:当位于所述内燃机的所述排气流中的柴油机颗粒过滤器中的所测烟尘含量超过烟尘阈值时,停止所述升温策略。
4.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的方法,其中,所述排气后处理设备升温策略包括以下各项中的至少一项:
延迟喷射至所述内燃机的汽缸中的燃料喷射的定时;
增加喷射至所述内燃机的汽缸中的引燃燃料喷射和主燃料喷射之间的停顿时间;以及
降低所述内燃机的空燃比。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,包括增压器和排气泄压阀的涡轮增压器***设置有所述内燃机,并且通过增大所述排气泄压阀的打开程度来降低所述内燃机的空燃比。
6.根据权利要求4或权利要求5所述的方法,其中,排气再循环***设置有所述内燃机,并且通过增加排气再循环的量来减小所述内燃机的所述空燃比。
7.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的方法,其进一步包括以下步骤:
在运行所述升温策略时,增加燃料喷射压力。
8.一种用于升高位于内燃机的排气流中的排气后处理设备温度的方法,所述方法包括以下各项中的至少两项:
延迟喷射至所述内燃机的汽缸中的燃料喷射的定时;
增加喷射至所述内燃机的汽缸中的引燃燃料喷射和主燃料喷射之间的停顿时间;以及
降低所述内燃机的空燃比。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,包括增压器和排气泄压阀的涡轮增压器***设置有所述内燃机,并且通过增大所述排气泄压阀的打开程度来降低所述内燃机的空燃比。
10.根据权利要求8或权利要求9所述的方法,其中,排气再循环***设置有所述内燃机,并且通过增加排气再循环的量来减小所述内燃机的所述空燃比。
11.根据权利要求8至10中的任一项权利要求所述的方法,其进一步包括以下步骤:
增加燃料喷射压力。
12.一种控制器,其用于控制排气后处理设备升温策略的运行,所述策略用于升高位于内燃机排气流中的排气后处理设备温度,所述控制器配置为:
当所述内燃机运行、所述内燃机的温度超过发动机温度阈值并且排气后处理设备温度低于第一排气后处理设备温度阈值时,启动所述升温策略;以及
当所述排气后处理设备温度超过第二排气后处理设备温度阈值时,停止所述升温策略。
13.一种控制器,其用于升高位于内燃机的排气流中的排气后处理设备温度,所述控制器配置为执行以下各项中的至少两项:
延迟喷射至内燃机的汽缸中的燃料喷射的定时;
增加喷射至所述内燃机的汽缸中的引燃燃料喷射和主燃料喷射之间的停顿时间;以及
降低所述内燃机的空燃比。
14.一种内燃机装置,其包括:
内燃机;和
根据权利要求12或权利要求13所述的控制器。
15.一种车辆,其包括根据权利要求14所述的内燃机装置。
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