CN105123236A - Method for accelerating breeding of new lotus variety - Google Patents
Method for accelerating breeding of new lotus variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN105123236A CN105123236A CN201510568770.0A CN201510568770A CN105123236A CN 105123236 A CN105123236 A CN 105123236A CN 201510568770 A CN201510568770 A CN 201510568770A CN 105123236 A CN105123236 A CN 105123236A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for accelerating breeding of a new lotus variety and belongs to the field of lotus breeding. The method for accelerating breeding of the new lotus variety comprises the following steps that firstly, hybrid lotus seeds of the same year are harvested; secondly, germination is accelerated, and seedlings are obtained and planted in a greenhouse field and live through the winter after small lotus roots are grown; thirdly, the small lotus roots are planted in a muddy pool in the spring of the next year, and a conventional breeding process is carried out. According to the method, the hybrid lotus seeds are collected at the brown seed period and the time after the brown seed period and sown in the same year, the small lotus roots are harvested to be planted in the next year, and due to the fact that the character expression of plants grown through the lotus roots is more sufficient than the character expression of plants grown through the lotus seeds, the breeding process of the novel lotus variety is shortened by one year through the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lotus breeding field, particularly a kind of method accelerating lotus breeding of new varieties.
Background technology
Lotus is the plant that a kind of fertility is very strong, according to the difference of cultivation object, is divided into three large cultivated forms, i.e. lotus root lotus, Zi Lian and Hua Lian.Lotus can by blooming, pollinating, be fertilized, the seed bearing mode of solid product completes sexual reproduction, also can vegetative propagation.
From the lotus seeds offspring of artificial hybridization, carry out selection can obtain excellent strain.Lotus rhizome adopts the method for crossbreeding, than other vegetables crossbreeding advantageously, does not need proterties just can be made to settle out through inbreeding of more generation purifying in generation after hybridization; After once hybridizing, filter out excellent plant, heterosis, hybrid vigor is fixed up by later available vegetative mode.But the procedure of breeding that existing lotus is general was directly sowed upper one year or the lotus seeds of several years ago hybridizing results, and the seed selection program time of lotus new varieties is long, general 5-6.
In prior art, the procedure of breeding that lotus is general was directly sowed upper one year or the lotus seeds of several years ago hybridizing results in spring; And the present invention is the lotus seeds of will hybridize then, at summer then or planted in fall, gather in the crops little lotus root to plant in Second Year again, no matter owing to being the breeding of lotus root lotus or sub-lotus breeding, the tree characteristics grown up to by lotus root is given full expression to, and lotus seeds to sow the plant grown up to then less, proterties can not give full expression to, and only just can have better understanding to proterties at Second Year.Therefore, the present invention can by the seed selection time of lotus new varieties comparatively conventional breeding shorten 1 year, make breeding time accelerate 16.7%-20.0%, thus make lotus breeding efficiency improve 20.0%-25.0%.
The term definition arrived involved in the present invention
Unless otherwise defined, otherwise all technology used herein and scientific terminology all have with those skilled in the art usually understand identical implication.
In the present invention, the division in lotus seeds each periods eats Development stage according to lotus seeds, and with reference to " lotus water chestnut Gorgon euryale water shield cultivation and utilization ", Ye Yizuo, Bao Zhongzhou edit, Golden Shield publishing house, 2004 years.
Term " blue or green sub-phase ", i.e. the dark green period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m phase, pericarp dark green, seed becomes spheroidal by ovoid, and a lot, taste is sweet, and plumule and epicotyl become pistac by faint yellow, not bitter for the sugar in cotyledon and moisture.
Term " yellowish-brown sub-phase ", i.e. the purple brown period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m phase, the green and brown look of the seedpod of the lotus, pericarp has umbrinaceous patch.This in period fruit and seed aging, fruit evaporates because of moisture, and volume and weight is all corresponding to diminish, so that there is increasing space between fruit and fluffy hole.Now, the sugar in cotyledon changes into starch, therefore eats raw sweetless.Described " purple brown sub-phase " was all unified now for " yellowish-brown sub-phase ".
Term " black mole phase ", i.e. the dark brown period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m phase, fruit and seed are aging further, and pericarp is hard, and in pitchy, seed coat has been difficult to distinguish level.Seed is physiological ripening.Plumule and epicotyl bottle green, bitter.Space between fruit and fluffy hole is very large, and as plucked not in time, when blowing, fruit very easily falls into the water.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the invention is to propose a kind of method accelerating lotus breeding of new varieties, the lotus breeding of new varieties time can be shortened, improve the breeding efficiency of lotus.To achieve these goals, present invention employs following technical scheme:
Accelerate a method for lotus breeding of new varieties, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) gather and hybridize lotus seeds then; (2) vernalization, obtains seedling, is colonizated in booth field, waits that growing little lotus root survives the winter; (3) little lotus root to be planted and in cement pit, to carry out routine cultivate spring by Second Year.
Wherein, gathering described in step (1) is hybridization lotus seeds of gathering after yellowish-brown sub-phase or yellowish-brown sub-phase.
Wherein, step (1) also comprises described collecting time for 25-August 18 July then.
Preferably, collecting time is stated for July 25, August 8, August 17 then.
Wherein, the line-spacing that the seedling described in step (2) is planted in booth field is 40cm, and spacing in the rows is 40cm.
Preferably, the soil depth in described booth field is 15cm-20cm.
Wherein, step (3) each cement pit plants the little lotus root of a strain; The area of described cement pit is 3 ~ 12 ㎡.
Wherein, step (3) described Second Year is preferably Second Year early April in spring.
The above lotus seeds comprise lotus root lotus, sub-lotus or Hua Lianzhong any one or multiple.
The harvest time that lotus seeds are hybridized in the present invention then must be yellowish-brown sub-phase and afterwards.If gather too early, the blue or green sub-phase gathers, then lotus seeds can not germinate; The lotus seeds that yellowish-brown sub-phase and afterwards (black mole phase) gather could germinate, and obtain seedling.Hybridize the gathering at the latest in mid-August (August 20) of lotus seeds then, because the sowing time may not exceed mid-August the latest, otherwise can not lotus root be tied, be difficult to survive the winter.
The sowing time experimental result of hybridization lotus seeds shows, the lotus seeds of gathering on July 25, August 8, August 17, August 20 seedling growth grown that germinates is longer for period, can tie little lotus root then; It is more that the seedling that the lotus seeds of especially gathering on July 26 and August 6 grow up to ties rhizoma nelumbinis number, and lotus root is comparatively large, is more conducive to survive the winter; And the lotus seeds that August 26 gathered due to sowing too late, lotus seeds germinate the seedling that grows because of growth period too short, can not lotus root be tied, be difficult to survive the winter.
Seedling direct planting of the present invention, in booth field, because the temperature in booth is applicable to growth, is more conducive to the formation of little lotus root then, is convenient to preservation of surviving the winter.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, advantage and disadvantage of the present invention will be more clear along with description.It should be understood that described embodiment is only exemplary, any restriction is not formed to scope of the present invention.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and can modify to the details of technical solution of the present invention and form or replace down without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these amendments or replacement all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: a kind of method accelerating lotus breeding of new varieties, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) to gather hybridization lotus seeds
In late July, 2013, the sub-lotus lotus seeds of hybridizing at the beginning of 7 months are by the end of June gathered successively after the yellowish-brown sub-phase.Carry out reciprocal cross or selfing with Jianxuan No.17, No. 3, space lotus, No. 36, space lotus, babysbreath for parent, gather in the crops 84 hybridization lotus seeds altogether.
(2) broken shell vernalization
By the hybridization lotus seeds broken shell vernalization at once of gathering, to send out roots until it after 10 days, field planting after leaf.
(3) field planting
August 6, line-spacing was 60cm by seedling direct planting in booth field, and spacing in the rows is 40cm.Preferably, the soil depth in described booth field is 15cm-20cm.
(4) tie lotus root to survive the winter
Seedling bears little lotus root then, can smoothly survive the winter under being not less than the condition of 3 DEG C at greenhouse temperature.
(5) lotus root plantation is dug
On April 4th, 2014, the little lotus root of Tanaka is dug out, plant and carry out field proterties investigation in the cement pit of 5 ㎡, pond one lotus root, then the seed selection program of carrying out sub-lotus conventional breeding below.
The seed selection time of the sub-lotus new varieties of the present invention is 4-5, and the seed selection time (5-6) of more conventional lotus new varieties shortens 1 year, makes breeding time accelerate 16.7%-20.0%, thus makes the breeding efficiency of lotus improve 20.0%-25.0%.
The method of the sub-lotus conventional breeding of comparative example
(1) hybridize, lotus seeds of gathering
Within 2006,2007, carry out sub-lotus crossing work, carry out reciprocal cross or selfing with Jianxuan No.17, No. 3, space lotus, red stamen lotus, SBG lotus for parent, obtain more than 300 hybridization lotus seeds altogether.
(2) broken shell vernalization
At the beginning of 2008 4 months, by the hybridization lotus seeds broken shell vernalization of gathering, send out roots until it after 15 days, field planting after leaf.
(3) field planting
In late April, 2008, seedling direct planting is carried out field proterties investigation in 5 ㎡ cement pits, pond one seedling, then the seed selection program of carrying out sub-lotus conventional breeding below.
The seed selection time of conventional sub-lotus new varieties is 5-6.
Experimental example 1 hybridizes the harvest time of lotus seeds to the impact accelerating lotus breeding
Gathered in green grass or young crops phase, yellowish-brown sub-phase, black mole phase respectively by the sub-lotus lotus seeds of hybridizing then (Jianxuan No.17 is parental autocopulation), broken shell vernalization at once, observes its germination, long growth of cereal crop seedlings condition.Each process hybridization 20, lotus seeds, repeat for three times.
Result shows (table 1), and the blue or green sub-phase gathers, and gather too early, lotus seeds do not germinate; Yellowish-brown sub-phase and black mole phase gather, and lotus seeds all can germinate, and send out roots, leaf, obtain seedling.Test shows, only the yellowish-brown sub-phase and afterwards (black mole phase) lotus seeds of gathering could normally germinate, obtain seedling.
Table 1 is gathered lotus seeds situation statistics
Experimental example 2 hybridizes the sowing time of lotus seeds to the impact accelerating lotus breeding
To gather in July 25, August 8, August 17, August 20, August 27 respectively sub-lotus hybridization lotus seeds (Jianxuan No.17 is parental autocopulation) of yellowish-brown sub-phase, broken shell vernalization at once, wait to send out roots, Ye Hou, be colonizated in booth field, observe its knot lotus root situation.Each process hybridization 20, lotus seeds, repeat for three times.
Result shows (table 2), and the lotus seeds of gathering on July 25, August 8, August 17, August 20, August 27 seedling growth grown that germinates is longer for period, can tie little lotus root then; It is more that the seedling that the lotus seeds of especially gathering on July 25 and August 8 grow up to ties rhizoma nelumbinis number, and lotus root is comparatively large, is more conducive to survive the winter; And the lotus seeds that August 27 gathered due to sowing too late, lotus seeds germinate the seedling that grows because of growth period too short, can not lotus root be tied, be difficult to survive the winter.Test shows, only gathers before the mid-August (August 20) and the seedling that the lotus seeds sowed grow up to could tie lotus root, in order to surviving the winter.
Table 2 lotus root growing state statistics
experimental example 3 seedling growth environment is on the impact accelerating lotus breeding
1, the specification in booth field
The sub-lotus lotus seeds of hybridizing then (Jianxuan No.17 is parental autocopulation) are gathered in the yellowish-brown sub-phase by late July, broken shell vernalization at once, wait to send out roots, Ye Hou, be colonizated in plastic basin, every basin one seedling, basin is placed in booth by autumn, treat that it grows little lotus root, add up little lotus root growing state.
The specification in booth field is respectively: (1) dark 8cm, line-spacing are 18cm, and spacing in the rows is 18cm; (2) dark 10cm, line-spacing are 25cm, and spacing in the rows is 25cm; (3) dark 15cm, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows is 40cm; (4) dark 18cm, line-spacing are 45cm, and spacing in the rows is 45cm; (5) dark 20cm, line-spacing are 55cm, and spacing in the rows is 55cm.
Result shows (table 3), and the specification in booth field is dark 15cm, line-spacing 40cm, and spacing in the rows is 40cm, can to ensure in basin the earth that bankets enough supply the growth of little lotus root, effectively saved the energy again, cut the waste.
Table 3 lotus root growing state statistics
seedling growth environment
The sub-lotus lotus seeds of hybridizing then (Jianxuan No.17 is parental autocopulation) are gathered in the yellowish-brown sub-phase by late July, broken shell vernalization at once, wait to send out roots, Ye Hou, be colonizated in the booth Tanaka of dark 13cm, line-spacing is 40cm, spacing in the rows is 40cm, compares with the seedling not putting into booth, observes knot lotus root situation.Process and contrast each 30 strain seedlings.
Result shows (table 4), processes compared to contrast, and due to the more outdoor height of temperature in booth, the growth period that can extend 1-2 month compared with open country, is more conducive to the formation of little lotus root then, is convenient to preservation of surviving the winter.
Table 4 lotus root growing state statistics
Claims (8)
1. accelerate a method for lotus breeding of new varieties, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) gather and hybridize lotus seeds then; (2) vernalization, obtains seedling, is colonizated in booth field, waits that growing little lotus root survives the winter; (3) little lotus root to be planted and in cement pit, to carry out routine cultivate spring by Second Year.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: gathering described in described step (1) is hybridization lotus seeds of gathering after yellowish-brown sub-phase or yellowish-brown sub-phase.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (1) also comprises described collecting time for 25-August 18 July then.
4. according to the method that claim 3 is stated, it is characterized in that: described collecting time is July 25, August 8 or August 17 then.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the line-spacing that the described seedling described in step (2) is planted in booth field is 40cm, and the spacing in the rows of often going is 40cm.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the soil depth in described booth field is 15cm-20cm.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (3) each specification is that the cement pit of area 3 ~ 12 ㎡ plants the little lotus root of a strain.
8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described lotus seeds comprise lotus root lotus, sub-lotus or Hua Lianzhong any one or multiple.
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| CN102119627A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-07-13 | 东莞市农业种子研究所 | Method for boosting water lily to bloom in winter |
| CN102450146A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-05-16 | 耿志国 | Cultivation technology for early-maturing lotus root |
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| CN103563587A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-02-12 | 陈俊 | Planting method for double cropping lotus roots |
| CN104186159A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-10 | 铜陵维晟农业专业合作社 | Method for cultivating lotus roots in greenhouse |
| CN104620830A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-20 | 武汉市蔬菜科学研究所 | Method for accelerating breeding of new lotus varieties |
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- 2015-09-09 CN CN201510568770.0A patent/CN105123236A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102450146A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-05-16 | 耿志国 | Cultivation technology for early-maturing lotus root |
| CN102119627A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-07-13 | 东莞市农业种子研究所 | Method for boosting water lily to bloom in winter |
| CN102498886A (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2012-06-20 | 丁志强 | Method for hydroponic culture by using stalks under net in greenhouse |
| CN103563587A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-02-12 | 陈俊 | Planting method for double cropping lotus roots |
| CN104186159A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-10 | 铜陵维晟农业专业合作社 | Method for cultivating lotus roots in greenhouse |
| CN104620830A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-20 | 武汉市蔬菜科学研究所 | Method for accelerating breeding of new lotus varieties |
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