CN105248070A - Seed propagation method of winter-spring-crossing common head cabbage, summer leaf lettuce and autumn cosmos sulphureus - Google Patents
Seed propagation method of winter-spring-crossing common head cabbage, summer leaf lettuce and autumn cosmos sulphureus Download PDFInfo
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- CN105248070A CN105248070A CN201510601841.2A CN201510601841A CN105248070A CN 105248070 A CN105248070 A CN 105248070A CN 201510601841 A CN201510601841 A CN 201510601841A CN 105248070 A CN105248070 A CN 105248070A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a seed propagation method of winter-spring-crossing common head cabbage, summer leaf lettuce and autumn cosmos sulphureus, and belongs to the technical field of plant breeding. Sowing and seedling raising of the winter-spring-crossing common head cabbage are carried out in the mid of October of the first year, after the winter-spring-crossing common head cabbage is harvested, direct seeding of the summer leaf lettuce is carried out in the middle of May of the next year through accelerating germination and digging holes, sowing and seedling raising of the autumn cosmos sulphureus are carried out in late June of the next year, after the summer leaf lettuce is harvested, field planting of the autumn cosmos sulphureus is carried out in the mid of July, and seeds are successively harvested in the mid of October. Spring vegetable shortage can be effectively filled by the winter-spring-crossing common head cabbage, and summer vegetable shortage can be effectively filled by the summer leaf lettuce; income of three crops a year is increased by more than 35% than that of two crops a year, and economic benefit is remarkable; and biological diversity is enhanced, insect attack is largely reduced, straws of the cosmos sulphureus are chopped and returned to fields, soil moisture status are cultivated, soil physical and chemical properties can be effectively improved, soil fertility is bettered for production of cabbage vegetables in the next season, and ecological benefit is remarkable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a Plants, particularly relate to a kind of across Winter-Spring head cabbage, summer Lettuce and the autumn sulphur chrysanthemum breeding method, belong to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Head cabbage is a mutation of Cruciferae brassica plant, has another name called cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, lotus flower white etc.Head cabbage is nutritious, in every 100g fresh vegetable, containing vitamin C 40-50mg, protein 1.1g, fatty 0.2-0.3g, raw fiber 0.5-0.7g, calcic 32mg, phosphorus 24mg, iron 0.3-0.7mg, in addition also containing other trace element and vitamin.Naked oats Lepidium composite family, Lactuca plant.Another name naked oats dish, to grieve again dish, romaine lettuce, it is the sharp blade profile Leaf lettuce that is product with the tender tip, tender leaf, blade is long lanceolar, and color and luster pale green, quality are tender and crisp, and mouthfeel is very fresh and tender, delicate fragrance, have peculiar flavour, containing a large amount of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and a large amount of calcium, iron, etc. nutrient component, high temperature resistant, wet resistance is strong, and yielding ability is good, is top grade in salad vegetable.Sulphur chrysanthemum is composite family cosmos annual herb plant, and stem is elongated and branch is many, uprightly opens and presents Y-shaped.Blade to life, two times winglike compound leaves.Raw one to several pieces flowers are all managed to make do on each stem top, and flower length is in top or armpit life, and bennet is elongated, and flower belongs to the intrinsic head titbit of composite family, and achene brown has small thorn-like fine hair.Happiness light, impoverishment tolerant soil commonly uses one of view showy flowers of herbaceous plants kind abroad.Sulphur chrysanthemum strong adaptability, easily cultivate, cost is low, and produce effects fast, environmental benefit is good, in the utilization of flowers view, has very important status, stronger warm tolerance.In recent years, sulphur chrysanthemum has become the main landscape plant in China city autumn.Both at home and abroad the demand of sulphur chrysanthemum seed is also presented and significantly increase trend year by year.Above-mentioned plant generally adopts the mode of separately plantation, and land use rate is low, and ecological benefits are low.
Summary of the invention
Solve technical problem: for prior art exist deficiency, the invention provides a kind of across Winter-Spring head cabbage, summer Lettuce and the autumn sulphur chrysanthemum breeding method, improve land utilization efficiency.
Technical scheme: a kind of across Winter-Spring head cabbage, summer Lettuce and the autumn sulphur chrysanthemum breeding method, it comprises the following steps:
Step one, across Winter-Spring head cabbage in First Year seeding and seedling raising mid-October, mid or late November transplant planting, Second Year was gathered in the crops at the beginning of 5 months;
Step 2, after across Winter-Spring head cabbage harvest home, summer Lettuce is attacked a vital point live in Second Year mid-May through vernalization, harvest home at the beginning of 7 months;
Step 3, autumn sulphur chrysanthemum late June seeding and seedling raising, after summer Lettuce harvest home, autumn sulphur chrysanthemum field planting mid-July, start seed of gathering successively mid-October, first frost gathers in the crops temporarily.
Described is spring chief across Winter-Spring cabbage variety; Described summer Lettuce kind is that Thailand is fragrant; Described autumn sulphur chrysanthemum kind is the red KB-02 of the bright Huang of early blossoming.
Described when cultivating across Winter-Spring head cabbage, adopt 96 hole dish+vegetables special nutritional seedlings and soils, select physical features dry, the good place of smooth, draining, and build simple plastic greenhouse, then put cave dish, 30 order fly nets cover; Execute decomposed dung 3000kg/667m
2, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K(15:15:15) 75kg/667m
2, boron fertilizer 0.5kg/667m
2, plough in conjunction with rake and execute down, mix with soil, north-south, make row spacing 170cm, ridge height 15-20cm, furrow width 25cm, furrow ditch depth 10-15cm; The every furrow distance each cultivation 1 in 25cm place, furrow limit row wild cabbage, spacing in the rows 35cm, more inwardly interval 40cm respectively plants 1 row wild cabbage, every ridge plants 4 row wild cabbages altogether; When temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, impose urea 5kg/667m
21 time, water and execute, and keep ground moistening, the rosette stage with water, heavy dressing 1 fertilizer, every 667m2 imposes urea 25kg+ Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K(15:15:15) 15kg, every 667m
2if 1 black light lamp, trapping nocturnal moth class insect; During leaf-head consolidation, can gather, bag listing; And removal wild cabbage remains plant, blade in time, and deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up.
During described summer Lettuce cultivation, execute decomposed dung 3000kg/667m wholely
2, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K(15:15:15) and 100kg/667m
2, plough in conjunction with rake and execute down, mix with soil; Seed clear water is first soaked 4-6h by vernalization, and then pick up and drain, loading binds up with gauze, and puts into the refrigerator of 15-20 DEG C, rinses 1 time every day, and through 2-4 days, having 80-85% to sprout can sow; Bunch planting, the dark 1-2cm in cave, cave is apart from 20-25cm, and 2, every cave, covers thick 1cm matrix, every 667m
210000-14000 cave, broadcasting rear 3-4 days can emerge; Thinning during 2 leaf, 1, every cave; The punching of watering of 5-6 leaf is executed and is carried the every 667m of seed manure
2urea 15kg, a heavy dressing short fertilizer every 667m during 10 leaf
2urea 30kg, strengthens rich water quality management; Yellow plate is hanged up, trapping aphid, every 20-30m near vegetable plot surrounding
2place 1 piece; Can start to gather during about 15 leaves, by fully growing up, abundant and tender and crisp green blade with lancinating down, 3-4 is bundled into a branch of, and bag goes on the market.
During described autumn sulphur chrysanthemum cultivation, every 667m
2land for growing field crops needs seedbed 15m
2, water permeable after the leveling of seedbed, then seed be sprinkling upon on seedbed uniformly and cover the thick Nutrition Soil of 1cm again, broadcast rear maintenance ground moistening, sunshade net is added a cover in seedbed, after emerging, throws off sunshade net, water according to seedbed soil moisture content in good time, the timely thinning 1 time when seedling grows 2 true leaves; The plot of results summer Lettuce is removed Lettuce in time and is remained plant, blade, and deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up, every 667m before whole ground
2execute decomposed dung 3000kg/667m
2, the furrow ridge of the company of making furrow width 1.5m; Transplant planting during leaf age 5-6 leaf, every ridge plants 3 row, line-spacing 0.4m, spacing in the rows 0.35m, and during transplanting, root will be with soil, waters permeable after cultivation, plant live after impose 1 loose stool water, during 7-8 leaf by the pinching of major branch top to promote the generation of branch; About 30 days bouquets of blooming are brown, seed also in brown and slightly exposed time can manually pluck, gathered 1 time every 2-3 days later, gather 5-6 time continuously, gathered in simultaneously by plant during first frost, after-ripening deviates from seed after drying, air-dry selected storage.
Beneficial effect: the present invention one piece of farmland three batches of breeding upper one year across Winter-Spring head cabbage, summer Lettuce and the autumn sulphur chrysanthemum, and crops for rotation are connected relatively reasonable in arrangement, go on the market at the beginning of 5 months across Winter-Spring head cabbage, vegetables dull season just, effectively can fill up the spring scarce, summer Lettuce is heat-resisting, moisture-proof, damage by disease and insect are few, and growth fast, effectively can fill up volt to lack, enrich civic vegetables-basket; 1 year three batches of every 667m
2the output value reaches more than 12000 yuan, and comparatively Two crops a year cultivation increases income more than 35%, remarkable in economical benefits; Reduce fertilizer application amount or without chemical fertilizer, select disease-resistant variety, the time of infertility uses agricultural chemicals hardly, strengthen to some extent bio-diversity, insect pest reduces greatly, and sulphur chrysanthemum stalk crushing and returning, cultivate soil moisture content, effectively can improve soil physical and chemical property, for culture fertility produced by the cole vegetables in next season, ecological benefits are remarkable.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The cultivation of open country across Winter-Spring head cabbage-Xia Lettuce-Qiu sulphur chrysanthemum breeding is carried out year November in November, 2013 to 2014, area 60 mu in Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu white rabbit base.Wild cabbage selects that precocity, plant type are compact, disease-resistant, winter habit is strong, resistance to bolting, can dense planting, kind spring chief (market purchase) that output is high; Lettuce variety adoption Thailand perfume (or spice) (market purchase), the red KB-02(Japan of the bright Huang of sulphur chrysanthemum variety adoption early blossoming introduces).
One, wild cabbage culture technique
(1) point disk seedling growing: wild cabbage adopted 96 hole dishes October 18, Nutrition Soil nursery (Pin Shi vegetables special nutrient soil, market is bought), selection physical features is dry, smooth, draining is good, build simple plastic greenhouse, then puts cave dish, and the full canopy of 30 order fly net covers.
(2) site preparation and fertilization: November 10 wholely, executed decomposed dung 3000kg/667m
2, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K(15:15:15) and 75kg/667m
2, boron fertilizer 0.5kg/667m
2trace element fertilizer, ploughs in conjunction with rake and executes down, mix with soil.
(3) wide ridge cultivation: November 15 made north-south, row spacing 170cm, ridge height 15-20cm, furrow width 25cm, furrow ditch depth 10-15cm.
(4) field planting: November 20, spacing in the rows 35cm, more inwardly interval 40cm respectively plants 1 row wild cabbage, every ridge planted 4 row wild cabbages altogether apart from each cultivation 1 in 25cm place, furrow limit row wild cabbage.
(5) field management: when February 5, daily temperature got warm again after a cold spell, impose urea 5kg/667m
21 time, water execute with water, intertillage is in time loosened the soil, and keeps soil moisture, promotes that wild cabbage normal growth is grown; February 25 heavy dressing urea 25kg+ Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K(15:15:15) 15kg1 time.Every 667m
2if 1 black light lamp, trapping nocturnal moth class insect.
(6) gather in the crops: spring May 4 chief leaf-head consolidation, start to gather, bag listing, gather wild cabbage 4000kg, and wholesale market price 1.1 yuan/kg, economic benefit reaches 4400 yuan/667m
2; May 10 removed field cabbage plant and residual blade, and deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up.
Two, Lettuce culture technique
(1) site preparation and fertilization: May 10 removed field cabbage plant and residual blade, and deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up, decomposed dung 3000kg/667m before whole ground
2, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium N:P:K(15:15:15) and 100kg/667m
2, plough in conjunction with rake and execute down, mix with soil, for plant growth creates good conditions.
(2) vernalization: seed clear water is first soaked 4-6h by May 13, and then pick up and drain, loading binds up with gauze, put into the refrigerator of 15-20 DEG C, rinse 1 time every day, 4 days, about 80-85% sprouted.
(3) sow: bunch planting on May 17, the dark 1-2cm in cave, cave is apart from about 20cm, and 2, every cave, covers thick 1cm matrix, every 667m
2about 14000 caves, broadcast latter 3 days and emerge.
(4) field management: seedling during May 28 2 leaves, 1, every cave; The punching of watering of 6 leaf phases of June 12 is executed and is carried the every 667m of seed manure
2urea 15kg, the every 667m of a fertilizer is urged in 10 leaf phase heavy dressing on June 25
2urea 30kg, strengthens rich water quality management, gives adequate water, promotes that plant grows fast, improves the quality of blade.
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest: Lettuce insect pest mainly aphid, hangs up yellow plate near vegetable plot surrounding, trapping aphid, every 20-30m
2place 1 piece.
(6) gather: can start to gather during summer Lettuce about 15 leaves, usually carry out in the morning, by fully growing up, abundant and tender and crisp green blade with lancinating down, 3-4 is bundled into a branch of, and bag goes on the market.Gather Lettuce 1500kg, and the 2.2 yuan/kg in market price, economic benefit reaches 3300 yuan/667m
2.
Three, sulphur chrysanthemum breeding and culture technics
(1) nursery: the nursery in June 20 of sulphur chrysanthemum, every 667m
2land for growing field crops needs seedbed 15m
2, water permeable after the leveling of seedbed, then seed be sprinkling upon on seedbed uniformly and cover the thick Nutrition Soil of 1cm again, broadcast rear maintenance ground moistening, sunshade net is added a cover in seedbed, is conducive to moisturizing, throw off sunshade net after emerging, water according to seedbed soil moisture content in good time, thinning 1 time when June 30, seedling grew 2 true leaves.
(2) whole ground and fertilising: remove in time Lettuce plant and residual blade after having gathered in the crops Lettuce July 15 and plough deeply and shine ground, every 667m before whole ground
2execute decomposed dung 3000kg/667m
2.The furrow ridge of the company of making furrow width 1.5m is in order to field planting.
(3) field planting and field management: July 22 leaf age tool 5-6 leaf transplant planting, every ridge plants 3 row, line-spacing 0.4m, spacing in the rows 0.35m, transplants 4000 strains/667m
2, during transplanting root band soil, water permeable after cultivation, July 28 plant live after impose 1 loose stool water, during sulphur chrysanthemum tool 8 leaf on August 10, major branch top is played pinching to promote the generation of branch.
(4) collect seed: sulphur chrysanthemum is spent at the beginning of September 16, and October 16, the most precocious bouquet was brown, seed is also also slightly exposed in brown, band 5-6cm scape manually pluck by first time, gathered 1 time every 2-3 days later, adopt 5-6 time continuously, on November 10 lower first frost, gather in simultaneously together with bouquet, after-ripening 3 days, deviates from seed after drying, air-dry selected, load in bag and preserve, gather seed 85kg/667m
2, procurement price 60 yuan/kg, economic benefit 5100 yuan/667m
2.
1 year three batches of every 667m
2the output value reaches more than 12000 yuan, and comparatively Two crops a year cultivation increases income more than 35%, remarkable in economical benefits.Across Winter-Spring head cabbage-Xia Lettuce-Qiu sulphur chrysanthemum breeding 1 year three batches, reduce fertilizer application amount or without chemical fertilizer, select disease-resistant variety, the time of infertility uses agricultural chemicals hardly, strengthens to some extent bio-diversity, insect pest reduces greatly, sulphur chrysanthemum stalk crushing and returning, cultivates soil moisture content, effectively can improve soil physical and chemical property, for culture fertility produced by the cole vegetables in next season, ecological benefits are remarkable.Go on the market at the beginning of 5 months across Winter-Spring head cabbage, just vegetables dull seasons, effectively can fill up the spring lacks, and summer Lettuce is heat-resisting, moisture-proof, damage by disease and insect are few, and growth fast, effectively can be filled up volt and lack, enrich civic vegetables-basket.
Claims (5)
1. across Winter-Spring head cabbage, summer Lettuce and the autumn sulphur chrysanthemum a breeding method, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step one, across Winter-Spring head cabbage in First Year seeding and seedling raising mid-October, mid or late November transplant planting, Second Year was gathered in the crops at the beginning of 5 months;
Step 2, after across Winter-Spring head cabbage harvest home, summer Lettuce is attacked a vital point live in Second Year mid-May through vernalization, harvest home at the beginning of 7 months;
Step 3, autumn sulphur chrysanthemum late June seeding and seedling raising, after summer Lettuce harvest home, autumn sulphur chrysanthemum field planting mid-July, start seed of gathering successively mid-October, first frost gathers in the crops temporarily.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of across Winter-Spring head cabbage, summer Lettuce and the autumn sulphur chrysanthemum breeding method, it is characterized in that described is spring chief across Winter-Spring cabbage variety; Described summer Lettuce kind is that Thailand is fragrant; Described autumn sulphur chrysanthemum kind is the red KB-02 of the bright Huang of early blossoming.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of across Winter-Spring head cabbage, summer Lettuce and the autumn sulphur chrysanthemum breeding method, when cultivating across Winter-Spring head cabbage described in it is characterized in that, adopt 96 hole dish+vegetables special nutritional seedlings and soils, selection physical features is dry, the good place of smooth, draining, and build simple plastic greenhouse, then put cave dish, 30 order fly nets cover; Execute decomposed dung 3000kg/667m
2, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 75kg/667m
2, boron fertilizer 0.5kg/667m
2, plough in conjunction with rake and execute down, mix with soil, north-south, make row spacing 170cm, ridge height 15-20cm, furrow width 25cm, furrow ditch depth 10-15cm; The every furrow distance each cultivation 1 in 25cm place, furrow limit row wild cabbage, spacing in the rows 35cm, more inwardly interval 40cm respectively plants 1 row wild cabbage, every ridge plants 4 row wild cabbages altogether; When temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, impose urea 5kg/667m
21 time, water with water and execute, and keep ground moistening, the rosette stage, heavy dressing 1 fertilizer, every 667m
2impose urea 25kg+ Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 15kg, every 667m
2if 1 black light lamp, trapping nocturnal moth class insect; During leaf-head consolidation, can gather, bag listing; And removal wild cabbage remains plant, blade in time, and deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up.
4. according to claim 1 a kind of across Winter-Spring head cabbage, summer Lettuce and the autumn sulphur chrysanthemum breeding method, when it is characterized in that the Lettuce cultivation of described summer, execute decomposed dung 3000kg/667m wholely
2, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 100kg/667m
2, plough in conjunction with rake and execute down, mix with soil; Seed clear water is first soaked 4-6h by vernalization, and then pick up and drain, loading binds up with gauze, and puts into the refrigerator of 15-20 DEG C, rinses 1 time every day, and through 2-4 days, having 80-85% to sprout can sow; Bunch planting, the dark 1-2cm in cave, cave is apart from 20-25cm, and 2, every cave, covers thick 1cm matrix, every 667m
210000-14000 cave, broadcasting rear 3-4 days can emerge; Thinning during 2 leaf, 1, every cave; The punching of watering of 5-6 leaf is executed and is carried the every 667m of seed manure
2urea 15kg, a heavy dressing short fertilizer every 667m during 10 leaf
2urea 30kg, strengthens rich water quality management; Yellow plate is hanged up, trapping aphid, every 20-30m near vegetable plot surrounding
2place 1 piece; Can start to gather during about 15 leaves, by fully growing up, abundant and tender and crisp green blade with lancinating down, 3-4 is bundled into a branch of, and bag goes on the market.
5. according to claim 1 a kind of across Winter-Spring head cabbage, summer Lettuce and the autumn sulphur chrysanthemum breeding method, when it is characterized in that the sulphur chrysanthemum cultivation of described autumn, every 667m
2land for growing field crops needs seedbed 15m
2, water permeable after the leveling of seedbed, then seed be sprinkling upon on seedbed uniformly and cover the thick Nutrition Soil of 1cm again, broadcast rear maintenance ground moistening, sunshade net is added a cover in seedbed, after emerging, throws off sunshade net, water according to seedbed soil moisture content in good time, the timely thinning 1 time when seedling grows 2 true leaves; The plot of results summer Lettuce is removed Lettuce in time and is remained plant, blade, and deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up, every 667m before whole ground
2execute decomposed dung 3000kg/667m
2, the furrow ridge of the company of making furrow width 1.5m; Transplant planting during leaf age 5-6 leaf, every ridge plants 3 row, line-spacing 0.4m, spacing in the rows 0.35m, and during transplanting, root will be with soil, waters permeable after cultivation, plant live after impose 1 loose stool water, during 7-8 leaf by the pinching of major branch top to promote the generation of branch; About 30 days bouquets of blooming are brown, seed also in brown and slightly exposed time can manually pluck, gathered 1 time every 2-3 days later, gather 5-6 time continuously, gathered in simultaneously by plant during first frost, after-ripening deviates from seed after drying, air-dry selected storage.
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| CN108739157A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-11-06 | 咸丰县堰塘食品有限责任公司 | A kind of selenium-rich rice implantation methods |
| CN109548575A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-04-02 | 镇江三龙生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of Lettuce greenhouse cultivation method |
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| CN105248070B (en) | 2018-06-26 |
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