CN105075578A - Method for producing bulb and controlling florescence by utilizing effective accumulated temperature in tulip growing period - Google Patents
Method for producing bulb and controlling florescence by utilizing effective accumulated temperature in tulip growing period Download PDFInfo
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- CN105075578A CN105075578A CN201510381853.9A CN201510381853A CN105075578A CN 105075578 A CN105075578 A CN 105075578A CN 201510381853 A CN201510381853 A CN 201510381853A CN 105075578 A CN105075578 A CN 105075578A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing bulb and controlling florescence by utilizing effective accumulated temperature in tulip growing period, wherein the method for producing bulb by utilizing effective accumulated temperature in tulip growing period comprises the steps of determining the effective accumulated temperature at the tulip growing period; selecting a low temperature semi-arid climate type area that has an average temperature of 12-16 DEG C and a dryness fraction of 2-3 in July as the production base on the basis of determining the effective accumulated temperature at the tulip growing period; planting the tulip to control the tulip stem and leaf coverage between 95-100%; and covering the organic matter 3-5cm thick. After grasping the effective accumulated temperature at the growing period of the cultivar and the set temperature when planting, namely the temperature of tulip at growing period, calculate the accurate blossom date by the following formula: N=K/(T-C).
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flowers field, be specifically related to a kind of tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time that utilizes and produce kind of ball and the method for blooming control.
Background technology
Tulip (Tulipa-gesneriana.L) belongs to Liliaceae, Tulipa, is a kind of ephemeroid.Rarely foundly guidance is had with utilizing at China's plant effective accumulated temperature observational study, especially to tulip to breed the introduction and acclimatization cultivation aspect for the purpose of commodity kind ball, be introduced into the ecological and biological characteristic of tulip kind, and accumulated temperature needed for each phenology developmental stage is not yet under Awareness status, the aspect such as introducing and planting and field management blindness is very large, and success rate is very low.China experienced by more than 30 year time so far from the eighties initial stage in last century, in China from south (except Hainan Island except) to northern, from Plain to plateau (Qinghai Province), generally carry out breeding introduction and acclimatization cultivation for the purpose of commodity kind ball, there is no one in its result China and can produce commodity kind ball base up to standard, China consumes more than one hundred million commodity kind balls still dependence on import every year.
The country that existing shaping tulip commodity kind ball is produced, be all distributed in temperature low, without summer, spring and autumn connected high latitude or high mountain and area, plateau.If Holland is tulip kingdom of the world, its 7 monthly mean temperature≤17 DEG C, other is as regional in US West San Francisco, Canada, guarantor family's Leah etc. country can produce tulip commodity kind ball, all there is cryogenic conditions, they are all in high latitude or area, plateau, and have other suitable ecological condition of tulip seed balls production.
As can be seen here, the selecting properly of tulip seed balls production base is the guarantee of project success.At home, not abroad can carry out tulip commodity bulb propagation and production Anywhere.Only after having grasped tulip ecological and biological characteristic and effective accumulated temperature thereof, adopt agroclimatic analogy opinion principle, tulip commodity kind ball can be produced in suitable area.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to current problem, provide a kind of tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time that utilizes to produce kind of ball and the method for blooming control.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of method utilizing tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time to produce kind of ball, comprising:
1) tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time is determined;
2) on the basis determining effective accumulated temperature breeding time, selection July mean temperature of air 12 ~ 16 DEG C, aridity are that the area of the low temperature semi-arid climate type of 2 ~ 3 is as production base;
3) dense planting tulip, makes tulip from the florescence until the cauline leaf cover degree of plant withering period controls to 95 ~ 100%; Described tulip cauline leaf cover degree, is the projection degree of its cauline leaf to earth's surface, represents with percentage;
4) the thick organic matter of 3 ~ 5cm is covered.
The defining method of described tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time is:
1) tulip biological zero point temperature is determined, namely the temperature sprouted is started: by tulip original producton location, wild Tulipa and tulip kind are drawn by introducing and planting process observation result, tulip physics zero centigrade (0 DEG C) temperature is consistent with tulip biological zero point temperature, so tulip biological zero point temperature, be 0 DEG C;
2) utilize formula K=N (T-C) to calculate and carry out the calculating of tulip effective accumulated temperature, K is tulip effective accumulated temperature, and N is that tulip completes growing stage required time, and T is the mean temperature of tulip growing stage, and C is biology zero temperature.
Because determine tulip biological zero point temperature, be 0 DEG C, so be also shown in by above-mentioned simplified formula be: K=NT.
Aforementioned tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time that utilizes is produced in the method for kind of ball, and described organic matter is wheat straw or weeds.
Aforementioned tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time that utilizes is produced in the method for kind of ball, preferably selects the area of the low temperature semi-arid climate type of 7 monthly mean temperature 14.6 DEG C, aridity 2.46 as production base.
Also disclose and utilize said method to control kind of the method at the florescence of ball, be specially: grasped forcing culture kind effective accumulated temperature breeding time and plantation time setting temperature and tulip growing stage temperature after, by N=K/ (T-C) calculating formula (because determine tulip biological zero point temperature, be 0 DEG C, so be also shown in by above-mentioned simplified formula be: N=K/T) just can calculate flowering dates accurately, then according to actual conditions, to plantation temperature, heighten within the specific limits or turn down and carry out blooming control; Wherein K is tulip effective accumulated temperature, and N is that tulip completes growing stage required time, and T is the mean temperature of tulip growing stage, and C is biology zero temperature.
In order to prove beneficial effect of the present invention, applicant carried out following experiment:
One, the determination of tulip effective accumulated temperature and the selection of growing environment
1, tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time and calculating
1.1 tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time, mainly refer to the heat that tulip each growth and development stage breeding time requires, when temperature amasss certain summation, just can complete its growth cycle, this summation of temperature, is called accumulated temperature.It shows the general requirements of tulip to heat within its full vegetative period or a certain puberty.
1.2 tulip effective accumulated temperature calculate: first determine its biological zero point temperature (namely starting the temperature sprouted), by in tulip original producton location, to wild Tulipa and tulip kind by introducing and planting process observation result: physics zero centigrade (0 DEG C) temperature and tulip biological zero point temperature consistent, so tulip biological zero point temperature, be 0 DEG C.When determining tulip biological zero point temperature and being consistent with physics 0 DEG C, the calculating of tulip effective accumulated temperature is carried out with regard to available K=NT formula, K is tulip effective accumulated temperature, N is that tulip completes growing stage required time, T is the mean temperature of tulip growing stage, and C is biology zero temperature.
2, tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time test observation result:
With same kind Apollo (Apeldoorn), respectively original producton location 7 monthly mean temperature 23.5 DEG C, the high temperature and drought climate type Urumchi San Ping of aridity 6.89 area and the low temperature semi-arid climate type of 7 monthly mean temperature 14.6 DEG C, aridity 2.46 are come to life under the two kinds of different niches in area and are grown.
Contrast the bulb size of its effective accumulated temperature and tulip, comparative result is in table 1.
The effective accumulated temperature of table 1 Liang Ge production area tulip and the contrast of bulb size
| Contrast | Urumchi San Ping area | To come to life area |
| Emerge to effective accumulated temperature in flowering stage | 368℃ | 383℃ |
| Emerge to maturing stage effective accumulated temperature | 1050.8℃ | 1073.5℃ |
| Emerge to the time in flowering stage | 35 days | 45 days |
| Emerge to the time in maturing stage | 71 days | 95 days |
| The nutrient accumulation phase | 36 days | 50 days |
| Bulb circumference | ＜11cm | ≥11－12cm |
Result shows: they are approximate with accumulated temperature needed for the maturing stage to blooming from emerging, and emerge to flowering stage and are respectively 368 DEG C and 383 DEG C, error 15 DEG C; Emerge to maturing stage effective accumulated temperature be respectively 1050.8 DEG C with 1073.5 DEG C, error 22.7 DEG C.But under high temperature and drought climate type habitat, vine growth and development speed is accelerated, required time is short, emerge to flowering stage be 35 days, be 71 days to the maturing stage, the nutrient accumulation phase only has 36 days.And under low temperature semi-arid climate type habitat, the florescence postpone, plant strain growth speed slows down, and required time is long, emerge to flowering stage be 45 days, be 95 days to the maturing stage, the nutrient accumulation phase reaches 50 days.As can be seen here, tulip breeding time is temperature required is become inverse correlation with the time of breeding time, and namely in certain temperature range, fertility temperature is higher, and required time is shorter, and growth rate is accelerated, and photosynthesis time is short, and bulb accumulation nutrient is few, and bulb is little can not be up to standard.Simultaneously, breeding time, temperature was lower, required time is longer, grow and slow down, plant photosynthesis time is long, and bulb nutrient accumulation is many, the large energy of bulb is up to standard, require that low temperature is tulip intrinsic biological property breeding time, as can be seen from the Frequency of Bulb In Tulip size that Urumchi San Ping area and area of coming to life grow, the Frequency of Bulb In Tulip in area of coming to life is large, can reach the index of bulb reproduction.
3, tulip growing environment is selected
Tulip is low temperature flowering bulb plant, utilize this habit, when tulip seed balls is bred, in certain temperature range, with low temperature habitat tulip seed balls Quality advance more favourable than high temperature habitat: under being in particular in low temperature habitat, tulip emerges longer than the breeding time in high temperature habitat 24 days to the maturing stage, namely low temperature habitat tulip photosynthesis time extends 24 days than high temperature habitat, make that Frequency of Bulb In Tulip nutrient accumulation increases, bulb is large, compliance rate is high, and low temperature habitat disease is few, production management is simple, is easy to operation.
Two, tulip cover degree is on the impact of ground temperature
By tulip from the florescence until the cauline leaf cover degree of plant withering period controls to 95 ~ 100%;
Control group comprises the ground of not planting the completely exposed ground of tulip and thin planting person (coverage rate is 50-60%);
Thermometer is inserted respectively in tulip plantation field and control group, thermometer buries, and (this 15cm plow layer is its bulb and root system areal concentration to 15cm, so this layer of temperature is to Frequency of Bulb In Tulip and the direct affected temperature of root growth and development), at 2 at noon every day observes ground temperature, along with growing tall of tulip, the ground temperature of process and the comparatively temperature difference are apart from strengthening gradually.The ground temperature of process of the present invention will lower than the ground temperature of control group, late April both the temperature difference minimum, be 2 DEG C with completely exposed the ground difference in temperature, with the temperature difference 1.3 DEG C of thin planting person, mid or late May both, the temperature difference was maximum, with completely exposed the ground difference in temperature up to 6 DEG C, with the temperature difference 3 DEG C of thin planting person.
Further, tulip dense planting (cover degree 95-100%) person, the nutrient accumulation phase (florescence is to withering period) is 50 days (5/16-7/5), and mean temperature is 13.7 DEG C, and effective accumulated temperature is 685 DEG C; Thin planting person (coverage rate is 50-60%), the nutrient accumulation phase is 46 days, and effective accumulated temperature is 676 DEG C (errors 9 DEG C).Confirm that thin planting person is subject to exposed due to earth's surface, ground temperature rise, causes its plant early withered, makes the photosynthesis time of its nutrient accumulation shorter than dense planting person, make bulb compliance rate relatively reduce 7.3%.Confirm the production of tulip commodity kind ball (circumference >=11-12cm) thus, rational close planted reduces its of ground temperature breeding time, a kind of ecological biology measure that its commodity kind ball favourable is up to standard.Because tulip is a kind of ephemeroid type, it is the result that it adapts to for a long time in high temperature and drought geographical environment.This plant cries again and keeps away xerophytes, so its breeding time is strictly subject to the restriction in habitat.
Three, organic matter is covered on the impact of ground temperature
Tulip of the present invention is covered 3-5cm organic matter (wheat straw or weeds etc.), control group is exposed earth's surface, thermometer is inserted respectively in tulip plantation field and control group, thermometer buries 5cm, at 2 observation ground temperature at noon every day of the tulip 4-6 breeding time month, can find through contrast, plow layer ground temperature 1.8 ~ 3 DEG C after the present invention covers organic matter, can be reduced.Can photosynthesis time be extended, make bulb accumulate more nutrients; Simultaneously also suppress weed growth, decrease weeds and tulip strives liquid manure, inhibit soil water evaporation, serve soil moisture conservation function.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the application is by tulip original producton location Northern Xinjiang, tulip is divided in two types of high temperature and drought climate type and low temperature semi-arid climate type, carry out its introduction and acclimatization cultivation respectively, to its phenology developmental rhythm, temperature required and time in its process, carry out specification observation to when ground temperature and ground temperature respectively, obtain temperature index corresponding with phonological observation; In its observation process, determine its biological zero point temperature, the determination of these data simultaneously, only could accurately obtain in tulip original producton location; Adopting tulip effective accumulated temperature computing formula, obtaining tulip from emerging to blooming and the effective accumulated temperature in bulb maturing stage.This effective accumulated temperature discloses this biological habit of effective accumulated temperature needed for each growing stage of tulip theoretically.For tulip seed balls the selection o f production bases and bulb propagation thereof and production cultivation, field management and its forcing culture florescence control, provide exercisable data and method;
2, the method is passed through tulip original producton location 7 monthly mean temperature 23.5 DEG C, low temperature semi-arid climate type two kinds of different temperatures habitats of the high temperature and drought climate type of aridity 6.89 and 7 monthly mean temperatures 14.6 DEG C, aridity 2.46, to tulip emerge to flowering stage and time of infertility data that effective accumulated temperature observation station collects be foundation, its result confirms: tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time is under two kinds of different temperatures habitats, its growth and development stage effective accumulated temperature is identical, and required time is different, under high temperature habitat, required time is short, and required time is long under low temperature habitat.Prove thus tulip breeding time temperature required be the rule becoming inverse correlation with the time of breeding time.Utilize tulip effective accumulated temperature and breeding time temperature become this principle of inverse correlation with required time, select low temperature semi-arid climate type habitat to set up tulip seed balls breed with production base and to cultivate and field management adopts the technical measures reducing ground temperature, tulip photosynthesis time breeding time is extended, tulip seed balls quality is improved, and reaches international standard; Utilize this principle, also the tulip Blooming forcing culture florescence is controlled, make forcing culture can supply flower in each red-letter day on time.The method is simple to operate, safe and reliable, for tulip seed balls is bred and production, for tulip forcing culture blossom-control technics provides new approach;
3, tulip is low temperature flowering bulb plant, breeding time temperature is utilized to become this habit of inverse correlation with required time, when tulip seed balls is bred, in certain temperature range, with low temperature habitat tulip seed balls Quality advance more favourable than high temperature habitat: under being in particular in low temperature habitat, tulip emerges longer than the breeding time in high temperature habitat 24 days to the maturing stage, namely low temperature habitat tulip photosynthesis time extends 24 days than high temperature habitat, Frequency of Bulb In Tulip nutrient accumulation is increased, bulb is large, compliance rate is high, and low temperature habitat disease is few, production management is simple, be easy to operation,
4, tulip dense planting can block sunlight long wave radiation, make tulip ground plow layer (15cm is dark) ground temperature reduce by 2 ~ 3 DEG C, effective accumulated temperature breeding time can be postponed, extend photosynthesis time, make bulb accumulate more nutrients, improve bulb yield per unit area; Meanwhile, dense planting also can suppress weed growth, and time below the compensation point that sunlight drops to weed growth, weed growth is suppressed, even dead, reduces the function that weeds and tulip strive water, fertilizer, light;
5, the organic matter that tulip covers can with wheat straw or weeds etc., and when the thick organic matter of 3 ~ 5cm is covered on earth's surface, tulip can reduce plow layer ground temperature 1.8 ~ 3 DEG C in 4 ~ June of breeding time, can extend photosynthesis time, make bulb accumulate more nutrients; Simultaneously also suppress weed growth, decrease weeds and tulip strives liquid manure, inhibit soil water evaporation, serve soil moisture conservation function.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
Embodiment 1 utilizes tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time to produce the method for kind of ball
The present invention selects the Zhaosu County of the low temperature semi-arid climate type of 7 monthly mean temperature 14.6 DEG C, aridity 2.46 by 2006-2015, carry out the introduction and acclimatization experiment in cultivation of 43 tulip kinds, these 43 tulip kinds comprise early blossoming class 2, middle colored class 27, evening spends class 14, is carried out unifying plantation, and its date of emerging is April 13, then the effective accumulated temperature in its flowering stage and vegetative period is added up, specifically in table 2.
Table 2 Zhaosu County tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time statistical form
In actual management process, by tulip dense planting, tulip cauline leaf cover degree is made to control to 95 ~ 100%, by wheat straw thick for ground mulching 3 ~ 5cm or weeds, then variety experiment is carried out to the tulip seed balls produced, the nutrient accumulation phase (florescence is to withering period) is 50 days (5/16-7/5), and mean temperature is 13.7 DEG C, and effective accumulated temperature is 685 DEG C.Because temperature is low, the tulip commodity kind ball produced can reach international (Holland) standard.Commodity kind ball circumference >=11-12cm, maximum also can reach Dutch 1-2 grade standard (circumference 20-18cm).
Wherein the habitat of coming to life of low temperature semi-arid climate can be caused tulip Apollo elite (Apeldoorn ' sErite) kind and defined the new varieties of edging type by bud mutation--Chinese dream (ChinaDream).
Visible, low temperature semi-arid climate type condition sow ball can in soil perennation, decrease annual digging kind ball, processing, storage, the process of planting again; Low temperature semiarid habitat damage by disease and insect is few, and the especially global bulb base disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum obtains natural contral.
Embodiment 2 utilizes tulip florescence effective accumulated temperature for its forcing culture regulation florescence
Tulip forcing culture blossom-control technics, due to the difference of tulip type and kind habit, emerge to flowering stage from plantation, often wayward, in certain temperature range, temperature height is adopted to carry out blooming control, control method, grasped forcing culture kind from emerge to flowering stage effective accumulated temperature and plantation time setting temperature, just can calculate flowering dates accurately by N=K/T calculating formula.
The love in the world (Word ' sFarourite) kind is selected to adopt method of the present invention to cultivate it, then count from emerge to the effective accumulated temperature in flowering stage be 348 DEG C, in daily management, control the mean temperature of emerging to flowering stage is 13.6 DEG C, by calculating, arriving flowering dates is 26 days.
When concrete operations, according to red-letter day for spending the date, to plantation temperature, can heighten within the specific limits or turning down and carrying out blooming control.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. utilize tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time to produce a method for kind of ball, it is characterized in that, comprising:
1) tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time is determined;
2) on the basis determining effective accumulated temperature breeding time, selection July mean temperature of air 12 ~ 16 DEG C, aridity are that the area of the low temperature semi-arid climate type of 2 ~ 3 is as production base;
3) dense planting tulip, makes tulip from the florescence until the cauline leaf cover degree of plant withering period controls to 95 ~ 100%;
4) the thick organic matter of 3 ~ 5cm is covered.
2. the method utilizing tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time to produce kind of ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the defining method of described tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time is:
1) tulip biological zero point temperature is determined, namely the temperature sprouted is started: by tulip original producton location, wild Tulipa and tulip kind are drawn by introducing and planting process observation result, tulip physics zero centigrade temperature is consistent with tulip biological zero point temperature, so tulip biological zero point temperature, be 0 DEG C;
2) formula K=N(T-C is utilized) calculate and carry out the calculating of tulip effective accumulated temperature, K is tulip effective accumulated temperature, and N is that tulip completes growing stage required time, and T is the mean temperature of tulip growing stage, and C is biology zero temperature.
3. the method utilizing tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time to produce kind of ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described organic matter is wheat straw or weeds.
4. the method utilizing tulip effective accumulated temperature breeding time to produce kind of ball according to claim 1, is characterized in that, preferably selects the area of the low temperature semi-arid climate type of 7 monthly mean temperature 14.6 DEG C, aridity 2.46 as production base.
5. utilize the method described in any one of claim 1 ~ 4 to control the method at the florescence of kind of ball, it is characterized in that, grasped forcing culture kind effective accumulated temperature breeding time and plantation time setting temperature and tulip growing stage temperature after, with N=K/(T-C) calculating formula just can calculate flowering dates accurately, then according to actual conditions, to plantation temperature, heighten within the specific limits or turn down and carry out blooming control; Wherein K is tulip effective accumulated temperature, and N is that tulip completes growing stage required time, and T is the temperature of tulip growing stage, and C is biology zero temperature.
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| CN105594413A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-05-25 | 元合玲 | Layered planting method of Dutch tulip |
| CN110009149A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-07-12 | 无锡市茶叶品种研究所有限公司 | Tea tree productive life prediction technique based on technology of Internet of things |
| CN110942183A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-03-31 | 南京信息工程大学滨江学院 | Facility hydrangea Chrysanthemum growth period simulation method |
| CN116701859A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-09-05 | 河北省科学院地理科学研究所 | Plant activity accumulated temperature estimation method based on full remote sensing data |
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