The content of the invention
There is provided the spring of a kind of high and cold, High aititude, high latitude is beautiful for the deficiency of demand and existing method for Vehicles Collected from Market
The rice many plant planting methods of one hole.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
A kind of high latitude high altitude localities one dibble with multi-corn plant implantation methods, for spring maize plantation, including site preparation, choosing
Plant, select fertilizer, sowing, overlay film, field management, comprise the following steps:
Step one site preparation:
The previous year enters ploughed soil progress stubble-cleaning before the winter, and then ploughing depth 20-30cm carries out winter irrigation and/or next year
Spring irrigation;
Step 2 is sowed:
1), choose seeds
Choose the compact local adaptability kind of resistance to close, high anti-, plant type, variety >=95%, cleanliness >=98%, water
Point≤13%, bud rate >=95%, seed bright in color, full seed is in the same size, free from insect pests, without breakage, should reach national jade
Rice seed primary standard;
2) preceding seed treatment, is broadcast
Corresponding special corn seed coat agent capsuled seed is selected or according to need according to local pest and disease damage pests occurrence rule before sowing
Dressing is carried out to seed from corresponding coating agent;
3), base fertilizer
Many plants of treasured one, two ammoniums, potash fertilizer are mixed according to 60: 10: 5 (parts by weight), obtain base fertilizer;
4) determination on opportunity, is sowed
Continuous 5 days 5-10cm ground temperature is stable to be sowed at 8-12 DEG C, and field capacity is not more than 60%;
5), sow
Line-spacing:70-80 centimetres, hill spacing:30-36 centimetres, every kind of 2-4 seeds of bunch planting kind;
Seed covering depth:3-5 centimetres;
32-45 kilograms every mu of base fertilizer, 5-10 centimetres of base fertilizer depth, base fertilizer is with planting 8-10 centimetres of cave horizontal range;
6), overlay film
Seed is located at 3-5 centimetres of depth of vertical range under film, plants 1.5-2 centimeters of blinding thickness on the film of cave;
Step 3 field management:
1), weeds prevent
Spray herbicide;
Grouting parameter:To prevent based on bacterial wilt, full rot and early ageing, red spider is prevented and treated;
2), water
It can be irrigated through furrow with thread, press flexible pipe filling, drip irrigation and spray irrigation, flood irrigation etc. certainly;
When using drip irrigation:With two drip irrigation zones of 3.8 water droppers under film, drip irrigation zone spacing 18-30 is not less than 25 centimetres, drop
Pipe band is 5-8 centimeters apart from level interval with seed;
Soil is kept to be seeded into requirement water-retaining quantity among field of soil 60%~80% of emerging;Seedling stage 55%~60%;Pull out
The section phase 70%;Take out hero, reel off raw silk from cocoons the phase 80%;Milking maturity is to dough stage 75%;
3) reproductive growth, is entered in advance
Many plants of treasured two are applied in 7-10 piece foliar sprays;
4), topdress
Topdress five times:30-50 kilograms of urea applies fertilizer according to 2: 2: 2: 1: 1 weight than in five times, respectively in seedling stage, jointing
Phase, tasseling stage, phase of reeling off raw silk from cocoons, grain filling period;
Foliar fertilizer is twice:The visible blade root of first time corn four to five sprays foliar fertilizer according to specific nutritional deficiency situation;Second
The two visible blade roots of corn ten to ten spray foliar fertilizer according to specific nutritional deficiency situation;
5), insect pest
Sowing time:To prevent and treat based on subterranean pest-insect and seed-borne disease;
Seedling stage:With prevent and treat corn leaf aphids, moth stem noctuid, rotation heart worm, based on zinc-deficiency disease;
Lobus cardiacus phase and ear period:With prevent and treat corn borer, mythimna separata, banded sclerotial blight, based on leaf spot, it is simultaneous to control bar snout moth's larva, corn leaf aphids, Ji
Horse;
Grouting parameter:To prevent based on bacterial wilt, full rot and early ageing, red spider is prevented and treated;
6), harvest in proper late
Extend time full ripe stage, postpone harvest time.
Improved as of the invention further, the step 2 1) in kind be Zheng Dan 958, first jade 335 or Shanxi
Single 42.
Improved as of the invention further, the step 2 3) in many plants of treasured one be microbial-bacterial fertilizer.
Improved as of the invention further, the step 3 3) in many plants of treasured two be mepiquat chloride.
Improved as of the invention further, the step 3 3) in No. two spraying times of many plants of treasured in 8-9 leaves.
Improved as of the invention further, the step 2 2) in coating agent include:Insecticide, bactericide,
Hormone, micro- fertilizer.
Improved as of the invention further, the step 2 2) in coating agent include:Tianda-2116, it is suitable happy,
Frog king No. 3 (the special seed dressing of corn), it is happy cultivate No. two, new thunder three (the special seed dressing of corn), hacker's corn high-performance bio
Seed dressing, Fu Taier or 2% Likeming Gel wet seed dressing.
Improved as of the invention further, the step 2 3) in many plants of No. one every mu of treasured with 1-6 kilograms.
As further improvement of the invention, in 5) every kind of 3 seeds of bunch planting kind of the step 2;
In order to meet the market demand, present inventor is directed to development and popularization to one dibble with multi-corn plant always, warp
Spend the several years and plant after the popularization in the North China Plain the further perfect implantation methods of experience, in the plains region of low altitude area also day
It is gradually ripe, and obtained business success in crop field large-scale plantation.
But there is the big farming household far away from Xinjiang to make light of travelling from afar to learn this implantation methods, by experimental planting test field rate schedule
It is existing very different, only partly produce a desired effect, through in a few years plant experimentally with substantial amounts of data accumulation, tried by crop field repeatedly
Kind, the deep ploughing of the stubble-cleaning before the winter is will be seen that finally and the spring maize influence on the coming year that preserves soil moisture is very big, also the sky of base fertilizer and seed
Between distance, the depth of seed, the thickness of thin soil press mold, the management and control of rich water be all critically important factor, be not by the kind in Plain
Method, which is brought, just to be used, and is obtained by field experiment for many years in the side of high and cold, High aititude, many plants of volume increase of the hole of high latitude maize planting one
Method.
Compared with prior art, having the beneficial effect that acquired by the present invention:
The plantation of one dibble with multi-corn plant is expanded to high and cold, Gao Hai by the present invention on the traditional corn planting basis of change
Pull out, high latitude and the crop field effect for reaching volume increase, change after the yield limitation after the application of cenospecies and fertilizer, change
Traditional single-strain planting method of high and cold, High aititude, high latitude area spring maize, is increased corn yield.Standard from plot
Standby, seed screening processing, the root system nutrition Building environment in seedling stage, mid-term control, evening in later stage receive and whole science management and control
To ensure that the highdensity corn of big strain number has fringe, fringe fringe is full, final to realize volume increase.
Embodiment
Further details of narration is carried out to the present invention below.
A kind of high latitude high altitude localities one dibble with multi-corn plant implantation methods, for spring maize plantation, including site preparation, choosing
Plant, select fertilizer, sowing, overlay film, field management, comprise the following steps:
Step one site preparation:
The previous year enter before the winter to soil carry out stubble-cleaning ploughs, ploughing depth be not less than 28cm, carried out after deep ploughing it is smooth, then
Carry out winter irrigation and/or next year spring irrigation, depending on amount of rainfall in the winter number decide whether spring irrigation and spring irrigation water number and spring irrigation
Time;The plot medium and first-class soil fertility plot of selection soil fertility, irrigation and drainage good, illumination foot of having divulged information.
Step 2 is sowed:
1), choose seeds
Choose the compact local adaptability kind of resistance to close, high anti-, plant type, variety >=95%, cleanliness >=98%, water
Point≤13%, bud rate >=95%, seed bright in color, full seed is in the same size, free from insect pests, without breakage, should reach national jade
Rice seed primary standard;The single kinds such as 42 of Zheng Dan 958, first jade 335 or Shanxi can be used, the particle diameter of seed is broadcast depending on many Precision Seedings
Depending on the machine of kind, or according to the particle size parameters of particle diameter adjustment seeder, particle diameter typically will be in 7.6-8.8mm.
2) preceding seed treatment, is broadcast
Corresponding special corn seed coat agent capsuled seed is selected or according to need according to local pest and disease damage pests occurrence rule before sowing
Dressing is carried out to seed from corresponding coating agent, according to the incidence of last year insect pest and local popular insect pest and soil
The nutritional deficiency situation on ground has the selection seed dressing being directed to, and can individually increasing certain, targetedly medicament or multiple efficacies are simultaneously
Seed dressing, can be the one or more in insecticide, bactericide, hormone, micro- fertilizer etc., and unlisted special efficacy seed dressing
Agent, as long as confection is compatible;Medicament can use Tianda-2116, suitable pleasure, frog king No. 3 (the special seed dressing of corn),
It is wet that pleasure cultivates No. two, new thunder three (the special seed dressing of corn), hacker's corn high-performance bio seed dressing, Fu Taier or 2% Likeming Gel
The medicaments such as seed dressing.
3), base fertilizer
Many plants of treasured one, two ammoniums, potash fertilizer are mixed according to 60: 10: 5 (parts by weight), obtain base fertilizer, and many plants of treasured one are biological
Bacterial manure, can also be doped into be beneficial to offspring growth other medicaments, as long as seedling stage corn plants provides abundance nutrition with
Soil environment, bio-bacterial manure improves the microbial environment around root system, is that Seedling root builds a good environment, also to rear
The corn growth of phase brings good effect, and the fixed basis of corn growth in healthy and strong Miao Yewei later stages, many plants of No. one every mu of treasured use 1-6
Kilogram.
4) determination on opportunity, is sowed
Continuous 5 days 5-10cm ground temperature is stable to be sowed at 8-12 DEG C, and field capacity is below 65%, for extension corn growth
Later stage phase wants overlay film, therefore can suitably be reduced to continuous 5 days 5-10cm ground temperature stabilization at 8-10 DEG C in the low temperature requirements of sowing
When sow, can so increase the production time of corn, the extension of time contributes to the increase of corn yield.
5), sow
Special seeder is sowed, and directly adjusts line-spacing, hill spacing, depth, special seeder is exactly three corn Precision Seedings
Seeder, artificial seeding also can, line-spacing:70-80 centimetres, hill spacing:30-36 centimetres, every kind of 2-4 seeds of bunch planting kind;Strict control
System distance ensures that every mu of strain number establishes the basis of volume increase with this;Seed covering depth:3-5 centimetres;32-45 kilograms every mu of base fertilizer, base fertilizer
5-10 centimetres of depth, base fertilizer is with planting 8-10 centimetres of cave horizontal range;The distance of base fertilizer and seed is controlled, too far nutrition leak, mistake
It is tight to produce burn seedlings.
6), overlay film
Seed is located at 3-5 centimetres of depth of vertical range under film, plants 1.5-2 centimeters of blinding thickness on the film of cave;Earthing it is excessive and
It is very few all to influence the growing way of later stage seedling, earthing excessively emerge it is late, earthing is very few emerges it is early easily by freeze injury.
Step 3 field management:
1), weeds prevent
Sowing time:To prevent and treat based on subterranean pest-insect and seed-borne disease;
Seedling stage:With prevent and treat corn leaf aphids, moth stem noctuid, rotation heart worm, based on zinc-deficiency disease;Lobus cardiacus phase and ear period:To prevent and treat corn
Snout moth's larva, mythimna separata, banded sclerotial blight, based on leaf spot, it is simultaneous to control bar snout moth's larva, corn leaf aphids, thrips;Grouting parameter:To prevent bacterial wilt, it is complete
Based on erosion disease and early ageing, red spider is prevented and treated;Herbicide being sprayed controlling weeds, insect pest will be prevented targetedly according to medication more
Kind difference application method, time of application opportunity, dosage by specification instruct to apply, and those skilled in the art, which can suit the medicine to the illness, to apply
Control, will not be described here.
2), water
It can be irrigated through furrow with thread, press flexible pipe filling, drip irrigation and spray irrigation, flood irrigation etc. certainly;When using drip irrigation:3.8 water droppers are used under film
Two drip irrigation zones, 20 centimetres of drip irrigation zone spacing, dropper band and seed are 5-8 centimeters apart from level interval;Due to rainfall not
Together, the time poured according to how much adjustment of precipitation and number of times and water consumption, but to keep soil being seeded into requirement of emerging
Water-retaining quantity among field of soil 60%~80%;Seedling stage 55%~60%;Jointing stage 70%;Take out hero, reel off raw silk from cocoons the phase 80%;Milking maturity is to wax ripeness
Phase 75%;Even if to be irrigated when not enough, rainwater is excessive to drain flooded fields in time.
3) reproductive growth, is entered in advance
Many plants of treasured two are applied in 7-10 piece foliar sprays;Many plants of treasured two are main to make corn enter reproduction life in advance by nutrient growth
It is long, increase seed growth time, saving energy, which is tried one's best, to be transformed into seed, more particularly suitable in 8-9 piece leaves.
4), topdress
Topdress five times:30-50 kilograms of urea applies fertilizer according to 2: 2: 2: 1: 1 weight than in five times, respectively in seedling stage, jointing
Phase, tasseling stage, phase of reeling off raw silk from cocoons, grain filling period;Foliar fertilizer is twice:The visible blade root of first time corn four to five is according to specific nutritional deficiency feelings
Condition sprays foliar fertilizer;Second of corn ten to ten, two visible blade roots spray foliar fertilizer according to specific nutritional deficiency situation, and that topdresses is specific
Performance field technique personnel can voluntarily realize, can manually, can be with machine sowing or can with fertigation.
5), insect pest
Sowing time:To prevent and treat based on subterranean pest-insect and seed-borne disease;Seedling stage:With prevent and treat corn leaf aphids, moth stem noctuid,
Based on rotation heart worm, zinc-deficiency disease;Lobus cardiacus phase and ear period:With prevent and treat corn borer, mythimna separata, banded sclerotial blight, based on leaf spot, it is simultaneous control bar snout moth's larva,
Corn leaf aphids, thrips;Grouting parameter:To prevent based on bacterial wilt, full rot and early ageing, red spider is prevented and treated;For disease pest
Harmful preventing and treating is illustrated below, skilled person as the case may be, from without medicament, all with detailed on medicament
Operation instruction, illustratively use.
6), harvest in proper late
Extend time full ripe stage, postpone harvest time, someone harvests, so meeting in bracteal leaf of corn yellow maturity when being not yet dried
Cause the underproduction.The corn maturity period is characterized in:Outward appearance bract becomes dry relaxation, and seed milk-line disappears substantially, and black layer occurs in base portion.Now
It is harvest best period.
Corn is received one day every night, and mass of 1000 kernel can improve 2.2-5.66 grams, and per mu yield can improve 4.92-10.07 kilograms.Using this
The implantation methods of invention, mu strain number 4500-6000, yield increases 20%-55% than traditional planting patterns.It is i.e. chemical fertilizer and hybridization
Plant later new Means To Increase Production.
Following table is the prevention and controls for common pests:
Those skilled in the art can suit the medicine to the illness and treat the problems such as insect pest do not enumerated for upper table, disease, nutritional deficiency disease,
This does not do exhaustion.
Planting attached bag agriculture agent mainly includes insecticide, bactericide, hormone, micro- fertilizer etc., and because its purpose is different, corn seed is coated
Have following several:(1) promote the growth of root, improve its vigor, such as added with the methylcellulose suspension of 10% (mass fraction)
Plus GA3;(2) water-accumulating.As drought resisting seed coating agent studies application;(3) upper subterranean pest-insect and disease infection are prevented.Carry out corresponding
Coated pesticidal, such as prevent and treat maize head smut;(4) improve seedling stage nutrition to be coated.It is mostly micro-;Seed pelleting is often
It is not simple function, is the combination of two or more effect.
Bio-bacterial manure can use the WJK101 type microbial-bacterial fertilizers that Kang Yuan Science and Technology Ltd.s of Beijing China produce.
Mepiquat chloride is new plant growth regulator, can promote the reproductive growth of plant;Suppress cauline leaf overgrowing, control side
Branch, mould ideotype, improve root quantity and vigor, fruit is increased weight, quality is improved.Trade name:Mepiquat chloride, help strong
Element, regulation pyridine, robust element etc..Adopted name:Chlormequat chloride chemical name:NN --- lupetidine drone chloride.
All it is that means of agricultural production service department that can be nearby directly purchases for the medicament in the technical program, micro- fertilizer and seed dressing
, product packaging is to how using there is operating procedure specific in detail, taboo item is also clear that;Due to the product of these classes
There are many brands and series, herein can not be exhaustive, but those skilled in the art can be real without doing creative work
Apply.
It is also the restriction of corn growing season to the number of blade that corn is described in the technical program, blade quantity refers to visible leaf,
It is the general saying of skilled person.
Growthdevelopmental stage is as follows:
In corn in life, the result due to itself quantitative change and qualitative change and the influence of environmental change, no matter formalness is special
Levy or internal physiological characteristic, occur different phasic Changs, these phasic Changs, referred to as growthdevelopmental stage, such as emerge,
Jointing, take out it is male, bloom, spin and maturation etc..Each growthdevelopmental stage and judging standard are as follows.
Seeding stage:Come up high about 2cm date.
Tri-leaf period:The 3rd leaf of plant exposes leaf heart 3cm.
Jointing stage:Plant tassel extends, and stipes total length is up to 2~3cm, leaf age index 30 or so.
The toy trumpet mouthful phase:Female fringe enters the elongation phase, and tassel enters floret differentiation phase, leaf age index 46 or so.
The typhon mouthful phase:Female fringe enters tetrad phase, leaf age index 60 or so, tassel master into floret differentiation phase, tassel
Axle middle and upper part small ear length is up to 0.8cm or so, and Three ear leaves are thrown away in horn mouth.
Tasseling stage:Expose 3~5cm of top in plant tassel tip.
The loose powder phase:Plant tassel starts loose powder.
Reel off raw silk from cocoons the phase:The filigree of plant female fringe stretches out 2cm or so from bract.
The development of grain phase:Seed volume is built up substantially in the middle part of plant fruit ear, and endosperm is in clean plasm shape, also known as pustulation period.
Milk stage:Seed dry weight increases sharply and built up substantially in the middle part of plant fruit ear, and endosperm is in pasty state after emulsus.
Dough stage:Seed dry weight is close to maximum in the middle part of plant fruit ear, and endosperm can be scratched in wax-like with nail.
Full ripe stage:Plant seed is stiff, and black layer occurs in seed base portion, and milk-line disappears, and shows the intrinsic face of kind
Color and gloss.
General crop field or experimental plot, enter the growthdevelopmental stage as mark using the full plant of field more than 50%.
Embodiment described above is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the simultaneously exhaustion of the feasible implementation of non-invention.It is right
For persons skilled in the art, any aobvious to made by it on the premise of without departing substantially from the principle of the invention and spirit and
Within the change being clear to, the claims that should be all contemplated as falling with the present invention.