CN105041875A - 滚子轴承用套圈、滚子轴承及动力传递装置 - Google Patents
滚子轴承用套圈、滚子轴承及动力传递装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种滚子轴承用套圈、滚子轴承及动力传递装置,套圈包括:滚道面,供滚子轴承的滚子滚动;凸缘部端面,设置于滚道面的轴向一方侧且与滚子的至少外周侧为凸曲面部的滚子端面相对;及凹形状的避让部,设置在滚道面与凸缘部端面之间的拐角部。凸缘部端面具有滚子端面所接触的接触面部、夹设在接触面部与避让部之间且与接触面部平滑地连续的凹曲面部,凹曲面部的曲率半径比凸曲面部的曲率半径大。
Description
在2014年4月16日提出的日本专利申请2014-084870的说明书、附图及摘要作为参照而包含于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及滚子轴承用套圈、滚子轴承及动力传递装置。
背景技术
圆锥滚子轴承与同尺寸的其他的滚动轴承相比,具有负载容量大且刚性高这样的特征。作为该圆锥滚子轴承,存在例如日本实开平4-90721号公报所示的结构。图5是表示以往的圆锥滚子轴承51的局部剖视图。如图5所示,在圆锥滚子轴承51中,在内圈52的外周形成有供圆锥滚子53滚动的内圈滚道面52a、在该内圈滚道面52a的轴向一方侧配置的大凸缘部54。圆锥滚子53的大端面(滚子端面)53a与大凸缘部54的内圈滚道面52a侧的端面(大凸缘部端面)54a滑动接触。在内圈滚道面52a与大凸缘部端面54a之间的拐角部,在整周凹陷设置有用于使旋转砂轮对大凸缘部端面54a的研磨加工容易的避让部(减料部)55。
在圆锥滚子轴承51中,使凸曲面的滚子端面53a与凹曲面的大凸缘部端面54a的径向上的接触位置(抵碰高度)尽可能地位于径向内侧(较低)的情况(参照图5的箭头)能够减小滚子端面53a与大凸缘部端面54a的摩擦,因而优选。
滚子端面53a与大凸缘部端面54a的接触面成为椭圆(接触椭圆),但是如上述那样抵碰高度降低时,接触椭圆与避让部55的大凸缘部端面54a侧的边缘(端缘)55a重叠。滚子端面53a与该边缘55a接触而产生边缘荷载,圆锥滚子轴承51的寿命可能会缩短。尤其是在轴向的高载荷作用于圆锥滚子轴承51而接触椭圆增大的情况下,边缘荷载容易发生。为了抑制该边缘荷载,只要减小避让部55即可。
然而,即便如此,也存在下述那样产生边缘荷载的可能性。图6(a)及图6(b)的各图是表示以往的内圈52的制造工序的说明图。图6(c)是表示所制造的内圈52的局部截面的说明图。在以往的内圈52的制造时,如图6(a)所示,在用于形成内圈52的内圈粗形材57上形成避让部55。接着,如图6(b)所示,对于大凸缘部54的被加工面54af,作为精加工处理,通过圆盘状的旋转砂轮58的外周面进行研磨加工。通过该精加工得到的面成为大凸缘部端面54a。
此时,若减小避让部55,则无法使旋转砂轮58的外周部进入避让部55的内部。因此,如图6(c)所示,在大凸缘部端面54a的内周侧产生未通过旋转砂轮58进行研磨加工的非研磨部60。其结果是,在该非研磨部60与通过旋转砂轮58进行了研磨加工的研磨部61的交界处产生台阶62。由此,在如上述那样降低了抵碰高度的情况下,可能滚子端面53a与非研磨部60的台阶62侧的角部(边缘)60a抵接而产生边缘荷载。需要说明的是,在图6(c)中,为了容易理解而将台阶62夸张地描绘,但是实际的台阶62小。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种能够抑制边缘荷载的发生的滚子轴承用套圈、滚子轴承及动力传递装置。
本发明的一方案的滚子轴承用套圈的结构上的特征在于,具有:滚道面,供滚子轴承的滚子滚动;凸缘部端面,设置于所述滚道面的轴向一方侧且与所述滚子的至少外周侧成为凸曲面部的滚子端面相对;及凹形状的避让部,设置在所述滚道面与所述凸缘部端面之间的拐角部,其中,所述凸缘部端面具有所述滚子端面所接触的接触面部、夹设在该接触面部与所述避让部之间且与所述接触面部平滑地连续的凹曲面部,所述凹曲面部的曲率半径比所述凸曲面部的曲率半径大。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一实施方式的圆锥滚子的轴向剖视图。
图2是图1的局部放大图。
图3(a)及(b)的各图是表示图1的内圈的制造工序的说明图。
图4是说明本发明的一实施方式的动力传递装置的说明图。
图5是表示以往的内圈的局部剖视图。
图6(a)及(b)的各图是表示以往的内圈的制造工序的说明图,(c)是表示制造出的内圈的局部截面的说明图。
具体实施方式
关于本发明的优选的实施方式,参照附图进行说明。图1是本发明的一实施方式的圆锥滚子轴承的轴向剖视图。如图1所示,圆锥滚子轴承1具备内圈2、外圈3、多个圆锥滚子4、保持器5。外圈3同心地配置在内圈2的外周侧。圆锥滚子4在内外圈2、3之间排列。保持器5将多个圆锥滚子4沿周向每规定间隔地保持。内圈2是使用轴承钢或机械结构用钢等而形成的环状的构件。在内圈2的外周形成有内圈滚道面2a、大凸缘部7、小凸缘部8。大凸缘部7及小凸缘部8向径向外方突出。圆锥滚子4在内圈滚道面2a上滚动。大凸缘部7配置在该内圈滚道面2a的轴向一方侧。小凸缘部8配置在内圈滚道面2a的轴向另一方侧。在内圈滚道面2a与大凸缘部端面7a之间的拐角部,避让部(减料部)9在整周凹陷设置。通过避让部9的形成,来进行研磨,由此能够容易地进行成为内圈滚道面2a及大凸缘部端面7a的面的基于切削工具进行的切削加工或大凸缘部端面7a的基于旋转砂轮进行的研磨加工。
外圈3也与内圈2同样地是使用轴承钢或机械结构用钢等而形成的环状的构件。在外圈3的内周形成有与内圈滚道面2a相对且供圆锥滚子4滚动的外圈滚道面3a。圆锥滚子4是使用轴承钢等而形成的构件,滚动自如地夹设在内圈滚道面2a与外圈滚道面3a之间。圆锥滚子4的大端面(滚子端面)4a为凸曲面状,与大凸缘部端面7a进行滑动接触。由此,对圆锥滚子4的旋转进行引导,并且作用于圆锥滚子4的推力载荷由大凸缘部7承受。
图2是图1的避让部9及其周边部的放大图。如图2所示,大凸缘部端面7a具有外周侧的接触面部7a1和凹曲面部7a2。滚子端面4a与接触面部7a1进行接触(滑动接触)。凹曲面部7a2夹设在该接触面部7a与避让部9之间。接触面部7a为平面,但也可以为凹曲面。这种情况下,大凸缘部端面7a为凹曲面。图2的M表示凹曲面部7a2的轴向截面的区域。凹曲面部7a2设为与接触面部7a1平滑地连续的面。该“平滑地连续”是指在凹曲面部7a2与接触面部7a1的交界(连接部、连续部)处没有台阶、凸部、凹部等的阻碍“平滑”的结构。凹曲面部7a2的轴向截面的曲率半径R1的尺寸为80至100mm左右。避让部9配置在比大凸缘部端面7a的接触面部7a1的向避让部9侧(径向内方)的假想延长面12更靠轴向内侧(图2的左侧)的位置。避让部9与假想延长面12的间隙S1的尺寸L设为几μm左右。需要说明的是,间隙S1的尺寸L成为通过研磨形成接触面部7a1时(后述)的研磨深度。避让部9具有凹面部9a、环状的平面部9b。凹面部9a从内圈滚道面2a在径向上凹陷。环状的平面部9b夹设在凹面部9a与凹曲面部7a2之间。平面部9b通过其轴向外侧(图2的右侧)的边缘(端缘)9c而与凹曲面部7a2连续。需要说明的是,所述轴向内侧是指圆锥滚子轴承1的轴向上的内部侧。所述轴向外侧是指圆锥滚子轴承1的轴向上的外部侧。
滚子端面4a具有与接触面部7a1进行滑动接触的内周侧的滑动接触部4a1和与避让部9及凹曲面部7a2相对的外周侧的凸曲面部4a2。凸曲面部4a2的轴向截面的曲率半径R2比凹曲面部7a2的轴向截面的曲率半径R1小。由此,在以凹曲面部7a2为基准的情况下,随着朝向凹曲面部7a2的径向内侧而凹曲面部7a2与凸曲面部4a2的间隙S2逐渐变大,避让部9的凹曲面部7a2侧的边缘9c与凸曲面部4a2的间隔(间隙)充分增大。需要说明的是,凸曲面部4a2不是通常的倒角部。在锥滚子轴承1中,使滚子端面4a与大凸缘部端面7a的接触位置(抵碰高度)尽量位于径向内侧(降低)的情况(参照图2的箭头)下,滚子端面4a与大凸缘部端面7a的摩擦减小,因此优选。
在图5所示的以往的结构中,当如上述那样降低抵碰高度时,滚子端面53a与大凸缘部端面54a的接触面即接触椭圆重叠于避让部55的大凸缘部端面54a侧的边缘55a,可能产生滚子端面53a与该边缘55a接触而产生边缘荷载。尤其是在轴向的高载荷作用于圆锥滚子轴承51而接触椭圆变大的情况下,容易产生边缘荷载。
相对于此,在图2所示的本实施方式中,如下文所述那样抑制边缘荷载的发生。即,在本实施方式中,大凸缘部端面7a的内周侧(避让部9侧)设为凹曲面部7a2,且与滚子端面4a的外周侧的凸曲面部4a2相对。并且,凹曲面部7a2的轴向截面的曲率半径R1比凸曲面部4a2的轴向截面的曲率半径R2大。因此,在凹曲面部7a2,随着朝向径向内侧而与凸曲面部4a2的间隙S2逐渐增大,避让部9的凹曲面部7a2侧(轴向外侧)的边缘9c与凸曲面部4a2的间隔(间隙)充分大。由此,如前文所述那样降低抵碰高度,即便使滚子端面4a与大凸缘部端面7a的接触面即接触椭圆在径向上接近于内圈滚道面2a侧的情况下,也能够抑制凸曲面部4a2与避让部9的所述边缘9c接触的情况。其结果是,能够抑制该接触引起的边缘荷载的发生。而且,在本实施方式中,如前文所述,大凸缘部端面7a的内周侧(避让部9侧)设为凹曲面部7a2。该凹曲面部7a2是与接触面部7a1平滑地连续的面。在凹曲面部7a2与接触面部7a1的交界处没有与滚子端面4a接触的台阶、凸部、凹部等。因此,即使在滚子端面4a与凹曲面部7a2和接触面部7a1的交界处接触的情况下,也能够防止该接触引起的边缘荷载的发生。
接着,对内圈2的制造方法进行说明。图3(a)及图3(b)的各图是表示内圈2的制造工序的说明图。在内圈2的制造时,如图3(a)所示,在用于形成内圈2的内圈粗形材15上形成避让部9。通过该形成,避让部9的平面部9b的向径向外方的假想延长面16(参照图2)成为大凸缘部端面7a的精加工处理前的面即被加工面7af(参照图3)。
在避让部9形成后,如图3(b)所示,对于被加工面7af,作为精加工处理,,通过旋转砂轮17的外周面进行研磨加工,从而形成大凸缘部端面7a的接触面部7a1和凹曲面部7a2。旋转砂轮17为圆盘状,除了其下部之外的外周面设为在轴向上为一定直径的圆筒面即第一研磨部17a,通过该第一研磨部17a形成接触面部7a1。而且,旋转砂轮17的下部的外周面设为随着朝向轴向下方而缩径的第二研磨部17b。该第二研磨部17b用于形成凹曲面部7a2,成为与凹曲面部7a2对应的凸曲面。该轴向截面的曲率半径R3与凹曲面部7a2的轴向截面的曲率半径R1相同。通过这样的基于第二研磨部17b的研磨,转印第二研磨部17b的凸曲面形状而容易地形成凹曲面部7a。需要说明的是,有时也将旋转砂轮17的外周面在整面形成为凸曲面。
图4是汽车的动力传递装置31的说明图。如图4所示,在动力传递装置31中,通过驱动轴32,经由差速器33,来驱动左右的车轴34、35。差速器33内装于设为支承体的壳体36,设为动力传递轴的驱动轴32及各车轴34、35经由本发明的圆锥滚子轴承37~39而旋转自如地支承于该壳体36。
需要说明的是,在所述实施方式中,具有供滚子端面进行滑动接触的凸缘部端面的套圈设为圆锥滚子的具有大凸缘部的内圈,但也可以将所述套圈设为外圈。而且,在所述实施方式中,将滚子设为圆锥滚子(锥形滚子),但也可以将滚子设为圆筒滚子。此外,在所述实施方式中,将本发明的动力传递装置适用于汽车的差速器系的动力传递装置,但是本发明的动力传递装置也可以适用于汽车的传动装置或其他的动力传递装置。
根据本发明,能够抑制在滚子端面与套圈之间产生的边缘荷载。
Claims (7)
1.一种滚子轴承用套圈,具备:
滚道面,供滚子轴承的滚子滚动;
凸缘部端面,设置于所述滚道面的轴向一方侧且与所述滚子的至少外周侧成为凸曲面部的滚子端面相对;及
凹形状的避让部,设置在所述滚道面与所述凸缘部端面之间的拐角部,
所述滚子轴承用套圈的特征在于,
所述凸缘部端面具有所述滚子端面所接触的接触面部、夹设在该接触面部与所述避让部之间且与所述接触面部平滑地连续的凹曲面部,
所述凹曲面部的曲率半径比所述凸曲面部的曲率半径大。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滚子轴承用套圈,其中,
所述避让部具有:从所述滚道面在径向上凹陷的凹面部;及夹设在该凹面部与所述凹曲面部之间且位于比所述接触面部靠所述滚道面侧的环状的平面部。
3.根据权利要求1所述的滚子轴承用套圈,其中,
所述凹曲面部由研磨面构成,该研磨面通过由旋转砂轮具有的凸曲面进行的研磨而被转印该凸曲面而形成。
4.根据权利要求2所述的滚子轴承用套圈,其中,
所述凹曲面部由研磨面构成,该研磨面通过由旋转砂轮具有的凸曲面进行的研磨而被转印该凸曲面而形成。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的滚子轴承用套圈,其中,
滚子轴承用套圈是内圈。
6.一种滚子轴承,具备:
内圈及外圈;及
多个滚子,滚动自如地配置在所述内圈与所述外圈之间,
所述滚子轴承的特征在于,
所述内圈或所述外圈是权利要求1~4中任一项所述的滚子轴承用套圈。
7.一种动力传递装置,其特征在于,具备:
配置在动力传递路径上的动力传递轴;及
用于将该动力传递轴支承为旋转自如的权利要求6所述的滚子轴承。
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JP2014084870A JP6323136B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 | 2014-04-16 | ころ軸受用軌道輪、ころ軸受及び動力伝達装置 |
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JP6323136B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-16 | 2018-05-16 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | ころ軸受用軌道輪、ころ軸受及び動力伝達装置 |
US11053978B2 (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2021-07-06 | The Timken Company | Non-elliptical contact profile for roller bearing |
JP2020008109A (ja) * | 2018-07-10 | 2020-01-16 | Ntn株式会社 | 電食防止自動調心ころ軸受 |
US11746825B2 (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2023-09-05 | Ntn Corporation | Tapered roller bearing |
US11754121B2 (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2023-09-12 | Ntn Corporation | Tapered roller bearing |
DE102020211036B4 (de) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-04-14 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Anordnung mit einem Schleifwerkzeug und einer Rolle für ein Rollenlager sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Rolle für ein Rollenlager |
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