CN111642336A - Method for improving saline-alkali soil of closed irrigation area by combining arbor, shrub and grass - Google Patents
Method for improving saline-alkali soil of closed irrigation area by combining arbor, shrub and grass Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil of a closed irrigation area by combining arbor, shrub and grass, and particularly relates to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement, which is carried out according to the following planting steps: soil preparation in irrigated areas, arbor and irrigation, grass partition planting, straw returning and planting for many years. According to the method, through arbor, shrub and grass partition planting, soil preparation before planting and straw returning after planting, the saline and deep soil separated out from the surface of the saline-alkali soil can be prepared before planting, so that the whole land is highly leveled, on one hand, metal salt and alkalinity in the soil are prevented from being gathered to a low-lying position along with water, so that the low-lying saline-alkali soil is prevented from unsmooth drainage, strong evaporation and deterioration of hydrogeological conditions, on the other hand, the water level can be ensured, and dead seedlings of herbaceous crops with lower height caused by over-deep part of the water level are prevented; the herbaceous crop is collected after being mature, and the straw is buried on the spot and retted into the organic fertilizer, thereby improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, further improving the saline and alkaline effect, and improving the saline and alkaline land problem after being planted for many years.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a method for improving saline-alkali soil of a closed irrigation area by combining arbor, shrub and grass.
Background
The saline-alkali soil is a kind of salt accumulation, which means that the salt contained in the soil influences the normal growth of crops, and according to the incomplete statistics of the textbook organization and the grain and agriculture organization of the united nations, the area of the saline-alkali soil all over the world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, wherein 9913 million hectares are in China. The formation of alkaline earth and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in soil, so that the alkalization degree is generally high, and plants in serious saline-alkaline earth regions can hardly survive. The saline-alkali soil is formed under certain natural conditions, and the essence of the formation is that various easily soluble salts are redistributed in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction on the ground, so that the salt is gradually accumulated on the soil surface layer of the salt collecting area. The main factors influencing the formation of saline-alkali soil are as follows: climate conditions, geographical conditions, soil texture and ground water, river and sea water, and improper farming management.
In the improvement measures of the saline-alkali soil, the best method is the improvement of agricultural technology, the salinization of the saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved by adopting the method, so that the problem of regional saline-alkali soil is gradually improved, but the existing crop planting and transformation scheme does not have an effective complete scheme, so that the problem of overlong improvement period or poor improvement effect in the actual improvement process is caused, and the quick improvement effect on the saline-alkali soil of the closed irrigation area cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above defects in the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide a method for improving saline-alkali soil in a closed irrigation area by combining arbor, shrub and grass, and the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: how to quickly and effectively improve the saline-alkali soil in a closed irrigation area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for improving saline-alkali soil of a closed irrigation area by combining trees, shrubs and grasses is carried out according to the following planting steps:
s1, land preparation of the irrigated area: carrying out rotary tillage on the saline-alkali soil by using a rotary cultivator, setting the rotary tillage depth to be 30-40 cm, and then leveling the rotary-tilled soil by using the rotary cultivator, wherein the height difference after leveling is not more than 10 cm;
s2, planting arbor, shrub and grass in different areas;
s2.1, arbor planting: planting saline-alkali-resistant arbor seedlings in the land leveled in the step S1 for single-time center line planting, wherein the planting distance between adjacent arbor seedlings is not less than 3.5 m;
s2.2, planting shrubs: selecting saline-alkali-resistant shrub seedlings to be planted on two sides of the arbor planted in the step S2.1 in parallel, wherein the planting distance between the shrubs and the arbor seedlings is not less than 6 m;
s2.3, planting herbaceous crops: planting saline-alkali tolerant herbaceous crops which are ripe once a year in a blank area between shrubs and trees, wherein the blank area of 50-80cm is reserved in the herbaceous crop planting area and the shrub planting and arbor planting areas;
s3, returning the straws to the field: collecting the plant fruits after the herbaceous crop planted in the step S2.3 is mature, returning the soil on the spot by adopting a plowing and burying mode to bury the straws, and retting an organic fertilizer;
s4, planting for many years: cultivation is continued for 5-8 years in the manner of step S1 → S2.3 → S3.
In a preferred embodiment, the rotary tillage in step S1 should be performed vertically and horizontally for multiple times to ensure that there is no clod with a diameter greater than 5cm, and the saline-alkali soil to be improved is repeatedly deep-ploughed to make the soil as fine as possible, thereby enhancing the soil permeability, accelerating the salt leaching, preventing salt return, enhancing the soil moisture preservation and drought resistance, and improving the nutrient status of the soil.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2.1, the arbor sapling is selected from any one of pear trees, hybrid poplar and jujube trees, and the pear trees, hybrid poplar and jujube trees are all used as waterlogging-resistant and saline-alkali-resistant arbors, have low requirement on soil, have strong adaptability to soil acidity and alkalinity, and can normally survive and grow.
In a preferred embodiment, the hybrid poplar is preferably middle forest 46 poplar, 72 poplar and 69 poplar, and the middle forest 46 poplar, 72 poplar and 69 poplar can grow normally under the condition of ponding in rainy season, and has better growth speed than other kinds of poplar trees.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step S2.2, any one of the Chinese wax strips, the sour spines and the salix integra is selected as the shrub sapling, and the shrub sapling is waterlogging-resistant, saline-alkali-resistant deciduous shrub, and has the advantages of rapid growth, strong adaptability and high survival rate in saline-alkali soil.
In a preferred embodiment, the herbaceous crop in step S2.3 is selected as barley, which is an annual crop with high saline and alkaline tolerance, and not only effectively survives in saline and alkaline land, but also has a short growth cycle.
In a preferred embodiment, the straw returning amount in step S3 is not more than 300 kg/mu, otherwise yellow seedling, dead seedling and yield reduction may be caused by excessive retting amount, and the decomposition rate of straw in soil and crop yield may also be affected.
In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the area of the arbor and shrub growing area to the area of the herbaceous plant growing area is 0.5-0.8:1, too little herbaceous plant species will affect the straw mass and thus cause too low retting.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. according to the method, through arbor, shrub and grass partition planting, soil preparation before planting and straw returning after planting, the saline and deep soil separated out from the surface of the saline-alkali soil can be prepared before planting, so that the whole land is highly leveled, on one hand, metal salt and alkalinity in the soil are prevented from being gathered to a low-lying position along with water, so that the low-lying saline-alkali soil is prevented from unsmooth drainage, strong evaporation and deterioration of hydrogeological conditions, on the other hand, the water level can be ensured, and dead seedlings of herbaceous crops with lower height caused by over-deep part of the water level are prevented; the method comprises the following steps of harvesting herbaceous crops after the herbaceous crops are mature, burying the straws on the spot, retting the straws into organic fertilizers, reserving a large amount of nutrient components needed by the crops, enabling the nutrient supply to the plants to be mild and lasting, and having long after-effect, decomposing the organic fertilizers retted by the straws in the soil, converting the organic fertilizers into various humic acid substances, promoting the enzymatic activity in the plants and the synthesis, transportation and accumulation of the substances, decomposing the organic fertilizers into the humic acid in the soil, wherein the humic acid is a high molecular substance, has high cation substitution amount and good complexing and adsorbing properties, has good complexing and adsorbing effects on heavy metal ions, can effectively reduce the toxicity of the heavy metal ions on the crops, and prevents the heavy metal ions from entering the plants, so that the acid alkalinity of the soil is improved, the saline-alkali effect is further improved, and the problem of saline-alkali soil;
2. in the invention, both arbors and shrubs are selected from deciduous trees, and when the autumn and winter barley cannot be continuously supplemented with fertilizers, the deciduous trees and shrubs fall into soil to be continuously used as retting raw materials, so that the saline-alkali soil is continuously and effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil of a closed irrigation area by combining arbor, shrub and grass, which is carried out according to the following planting steps:
s1, planting arbor, shrub and grass in different areas;
s1.1, arbor planting: the method comprises the steps of selecting saline-alkali-resistant arbor seedlings to plant on the ground for central line single-time planting, wherein the planting distance between adjacent arbor seedlings is not less than 3.5m, the arbor seedlings are selected from any one of pear trees, hybrid poplar and jujube trees, the pear trees, the hybrid poplar and the jujube trees are used as waterlogging-resistant and saline-alkali-resistant arbors, the requirements on soil are not strict, the adaptability to soil acidity and alkalinity is strong, the hybrid poplar can normally survive and grow, the hybrid poplar is preferably Zhonglin 46 poplar, 72 poplar and 69 poplar, the Zhonglin 46 poplar, 72 poplar and 69 poplar also grow normally under the condition that water is accumulated in rainy seasons, and the growing speed is better than that of other varieties of poplar;
s1.2, planting shrubs: selecting saline-alkali-resistant shrub seedlings to be planted on two sides of the arbor planted in the step S1.1 in parallel, wherein the planting distance between the shrubs and the arbor seedlings is not less than 6m, the shrub seedlings are made of any one of Chinese ash strips, sour spines and salix integra, namely waterlogging-resistant saline-alkali-resistant deciduous shrubs, and are quick in growth, strong in adaptability and survival rate in saline-alkali soil;
s1.3, planting herbaceous crops: planting saline-alkali tolerant herbaceous crops which are ripe once a year in a blank area between shrubs and trees, reserving blank areas of 50-80cm in the herbaceous crop planting area, the shrubs and the trees, selecting the herbaceous crops as barley which is used as annual high saline-alkali tolerant crops, effectively surviving in saline-alkali soil, and having a short growth period;
s2, returning the straws to the field: collecting the plant fruits after the herbaceous crop planted in the step S1.3 is mature, returning the soil to bury the straws in situ by adopting a plowing and burying mode, retting the organic fertilizer, wherein the returning amount of the straws is not more than 300 kg/mu, otherwise, the phenomena of yellow seedling, dead seedling and yield reduction can be caused by excessive retting amount, and the decomposition speed of the straws in the soil and the crop yield can be influenced;
s3, planting for many years: and (4) continuously cultivating for 5-8 years according to the mode of S1.3 → S2, wherein the ratio of the area of the arbor and shrub planting area to the area of the herbaceous crop planting area is 0.5-0.8:1, and too little herbaceous crop can affect the straw amount, so that the compost amount is too low.
Example 2:
the invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil of a closed irrigation area by combining arbor, shrub and grass, which is carried out according to the following planting steps:
s1, land preparation of the irrigated area: the method comprises the steps of carrying out rotary tillage on the saline-alkali soil by using a rotary cultivator, setting the rotary tillage depth to be 30-40 cm, then leveling the soil after rotary tillage by using the rotary cultivator, wherein the height difference after leveling is not more than 10 cm, and carrying out rotary tillage in a position-oriented and longitudinal-transverse multiple manner, so that no soil block with the diameter of more than 5cm exists, and carrying out repeated deep tillage on the saline-alkali soil to be improved, so that the soil is as fine as possible, the soil permeability can be enhanced, the salt leaching is accelerated, the salt return is prevented, the soil moisture conservation and drought resistance are enhanced, and the nutrient condition;
s2, planting arbor, shrub and grass in different areas;
s2.1, arbor planting: selecting saline-alkali-resistant arbor seedlings to plant on the land leveled in the step S1 for central line single-time planting, wherein the planting distance between adjacent arbor seedlings is not less than 3.5m, the arbor seedlings are selected from any one of pear trees, hybrid poplar and jujube trees, the pear trees, the hybrid poplar and the jujube trees are all used as flood-resistant and saline-alkali-resistant arbors, the requirement on soil is not strict, the adaptability to the soil acidity and alkalinity is strong, the normal survival and growth can be realized, the hybrid poplar is preferably Zhonglin 46 poplar, 72 poplar and 69 poplar, the Zhonglin 46 poplar, 72 poplar and 69 poplar also grow normally under the condition that water is accumulated in rainy seasons, and the growth speed is better than that of other varieties of poplar;
s2.2, planting shrubs: selecting saline-alkali-resistant shrub seedlings to be planted on two sides of the arbor planted in the step S2.1 in parallel, wherein the planting distance between the shrubs and the arbor seedlings is not less than 6m, the shrub seedlings are made of any one of Chinese ash strips, sour spines and salix integra, namely waterlogging-resistant saline-alkali-resistant deciduous shrubs, and are quick in growth, strong in adaptability and survival rate in saline-alkali soil;
s2.3, planting herbaceous crops: planting saline-alkali tolerant herbaceous crops which are ripe once a year in a blank area between shrubs and trees, reserving blank areas of 50-80cm in the herbaceous crop planting area, the shrubs and the trees, selecting the herbaceous crops as barley which is used as annual high saline-alkali tolerant crops, effectively surviving in saline-alkali soil, and having a short growth period;
s3, returning the straws to the field: collecting the plant fruits after the herbaceous crop planted in the step S2.3 is mature, returning the soil to bury the straws in situ by adopting a plowing and burying mode, retting the organic fertilizer, wherein the returning amount of the straws is not more than 300 kg/mu, otherwise, yellow seedling, dead seedling and yield reduction phenomena can be caused by excessive retting amount, and the decomposition speed of the straws in the soil and the crop yield can be influenced;
s4, planting for many years: and (4) continuously cultivating for 5-8 years according to the mode of S1 → S2.3 → S3, wherein the ratio of the area of the arbor and shrub planting area to the area of the herbaceous crop planting area is 0.5-0.8:1, and too little herbaceous crop species can influence the straw amount, so that the retting fertilizer amount is too low.
Example 3:
the invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil of a closed irrigation area by combining arbor, shrub and grass, which is carried out according to the following planting steps:
s1, land preparation of the irrigated area: the method comprises the steps of carrying out rotary tillage on the saline-alkali soil by using a rotary cultivator, setting the rotary tillage depth to be 30-40 cm, then leveling the soil after rotary tillage by using the rotary cultivator, wherein the height difference after leveling is not more than 10 cm, and carrying out rotary tillage in a position-oriented and longitudinal-transverse multiple manner, so that no soil block with the diameter of more than 5cm exists, and carrying out repeated deep tillage on the saline-alkali soil to be improved, so that the soil is as fine as possible, the soil permeability can be enhanced, the salt leaching is accelerated, the salt return is prevented, the soil moisture conservation and drought resistance are enhanced, and the nutrient condition;
s2, planting arbor, shrub and grass in different areas;
s2.1, arbor planting: selecting saline-alkali-resistant arbor seedlings to plant on the land leveled in the step S1 for central line single-time planting, wherein the planting distance between adjacent arbor seedlings is not less than 3.5m, the arbor seedlings are selected from any one of pear trees, hybrid poplar and jujube trees, the pear trees, the hybrid poplar and the jujube trees are all used as flood-resistant and saline-alkali-resistant arbors, the requirement on soil is not strict, the adaptability to the soil acidity and alkalinity is strong, the normal survival and growth can be realized, the hybrid poplar is preferably Zhonglin 46 poplar, 72 poplar and 69 poplar, the Zhonglin 46 poplar, 72 poplar and 69 poplar also grow normally under the condition that water is accumulated in rainy seasons, and the growth speed is better than that of other varieties of poplar;
s2.2, planting shrubs: selecting saline-alkali-resistant shrub seedlings to be planted on two sides of the arbor planted in the step S2.1 in parallel, wherein the planting distance between the shrubs and the arbor seedlings is not less than 6m, the shrub seedlings are made of any one of Chinese ash strips, sour spines and salix integra, namely waterlogging-resistant saline-alkali-resistant deciduous shrubs, and are quick in growth, strong in adaptability and survival rate in saline-alkali soil;
s2.3, planting herbaceous crops: planting saline-alkali tolerant herbaceous crops which are ripe once a year in a blank area between shrubs and trees, reserving blank areas of 50-80cm in the herbaceous crop planting area, the shrubs and the trees, selecting the herbaceous crops as barley which is used as annual high saline-alkali tolerant crops, effectively surviving in saline-alkali soil, and having a short growth period;
s3, planting for many years: continuously cultivating for 5-8 years according to the mode of the step S1 → S2.3, wherein the ratio of the area of the arbor and shrub planting area to the area of the herbaceous crop planting area is 0.5-0.8: 1.
Example 4:
the method in the above examples 1-3 is respectively adopted to respectively improve and treat three saline-alkali soil in the same area, the treatment is carried out by adopting the same management means in three groups, and after 8 years, the following data are obtained:
from the above table, the method in the embodiment 2 is most suitable for treating the saline-alkali soil in the closed irrigation area, the planted trees and shrubs grow well, the dead seedling rate of the barley is lower than 3%, the harvest of the barley crops can be guaranteed, the salinization of the land is obviously improved after 3 years of continuous cultivation, the salinization problem of the land is solved after 5 years of continuous cultivation, and the improvement period of the salinized land is greatly shortened.
And finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving saline-alkali soil of a closed irrigation area by combining trees, shrubs and grasses is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following planting steps:
s1, land preparation of the irrigated area: carrying out rotary tillage on the saline-alkali soil by using a rotary cultivator, setting the rotary tillage depth to be 30-40 cm, and then leveling the rotary-tilled soil by using the rotary cultivator, wherein the height difference after leveling is not more than 10 cm;
s2, planting arbor, shrub and grass in different areas;
s2.1, arbor planting: planting saline-alkali-resistant arbor seedlings in the land leveled in the step S1 for single-time center line planting, wherein the planting distance between adjacent arbor seedlings is not less than 3.5 m;
s2.2, planting shrubs: selecting saline-alkali-resistant shrub seedlings to be planted on two sides of the arbor planted in the step S2.1 in parallel, wherein the planting distance between the shrubs and the arbor seedlings is not less than 6 m;
s2.3, planting herbaceous crops: planting saline-alkali tolerant herbaceous crops which are ripe once a year in a blank area between shrubs and trees, wherein the blank area of 50-80cm is reserved in the herbaceous crop planting area and the shrub planting and arbor planting areas;
s3, returning the straws to the field: collecting the plant fruits after the herbaceous crop planted in the step S2.3 is mature, returning the soil on the spot by adopting a plowing and burying mode to bury the straws, and retting an organic fertilizer;
s4, planting for many years: cultivation is continued for 5-8 years in the manner of step S1 → S2.3 → S3.
2. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil of the closed irrigation area by combining the trees, the shrubs and the grasses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rotary tillage in the step S1 is carried out vertically and horizontally for many times, so that no soil blocks with the diameter larger than 5cm are ensured.
3. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil of the closed irrigation area by combining the trees, the shrubs and the grasses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2.1, the arbor sapling is any one of pear trees, hybrid poplar and jujube trees.
4. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil of the closed irrigation area by combining the trees, the shrubs and the grasses as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hybrid poplar is preferably middle forest 46 poplar, 72 poplar and 69 poplar.
5. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil of the closed irrigation area by combining the trees, the shrubs and the grasses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2.2, the shrub sapling is any one of the Chinese waxberry, the wild thorn and the salix integra.
6. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil of the closed irrigation area by combining the trees, the shrubs and the grasses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2.3, the herbaceous crop is selected to be barley.
7. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil of the closed irrigation area by combining the trees, the shrubs and the grasses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the straw returning amount in the step S3 is not more than 300 kg/mu.
8. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil of the closed irrigation area by combining the trees, the shrubs and the grasses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ratio of the area of the arbor and shrub planting area to the area of the herbaceous crop planting area is 0.5-0.8: 1.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113000598A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-06-22 | 湖南艾布鲁环保科技股份有限公司 | Agricultural non-point source and heavy metal pollution agricultural land comprehensive treatment and ecological restoration method |
| CN114568218A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-03 | 新疆中泰创新技术研究院有限责任公司 | Method for biological resource utilization of high-salt-content water |
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