CN104996259A - Cultivation management method for Nanfeng tangerine oranges - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation management method for Nanfeng tangerine oranges. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out field reclamation; (2) carrying out fix planting; (3) carrying out soil fertilizer and water management; (4) carrying out shaping pruning; (5) carrying out prevention and treatment on plant diseases and insect pests; (6) carrying out fruit picking; and (7) carrying out protection against cold and freezing conditions and after-freezing nursing. By using the method provided by the invention, the Nanfeng tangerine oranges can be subjected to scientific cultivation management, the quality of the Nanfeng tangerine oranges is effectively improved, the yield of the Nanfeng tangerine oranges is effectively increased, orange trees grow rapidly, and the plant diseases and insect pests are few.

Description

A kind of Nanfeng orange cultivation management method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of Nanfeng orange cultivation management method.

Background technology

Nanfeng orange is perennial fruit tree, and the life-span is more than 60 years.Its cultivation history is long, but cultivation management experienced by one by the simply extensive evolution meticulous to science.The applicant is by practice summary for many years, and in conjunction with modern science and technology, the plantation of Nanfeng orange, from garden of building to clay fertilizer water management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, prunes and gather, defining the cultivation management method of set of system.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of Nanfeng orange cultivation management method.

The invention provides a kind of Nanfeng orange cultivation management method, step is as follows:

One, reclamation of wasteland Nanfeng orange in field is applicable to planting in dark more than the 1m of soil layer, below below height above sea level 400m, gradient 20-25 degree, leeward on the sunny side, the more rich gentle slope of vegetation, or the level land that fertile soil loosens, below subterranean water level 1.5m, drainage ventilation are good or flood land;

Two, field planting plantation density: tangerine garden, level land seeding row spacing is 4-4.5m × 5-5.5m, tangerine garden, mountain region seeding row spacing is 3.5-4m × 4.5-5m; Resident time: point spring planting and fall planting, the 2-3 month of spring planting before rudiment carries out; Fall planting in October early and middle ten days be advisable, the autumn should not plant when drought is serious;

Field planting method: select breeding strong sprout, first fill planting pit or ditch: a point 3-4 layer inserts green manure 40kg/ cubic meter, straw 7 kg/ cubic meter, cake fertilizer 3-5 kg/ cubic meter, ash 1-1.5 kg/ cubic meter, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1.5 kg/ cubic meter and farmyard manure kg/ cubic meter in planting pit or ditch, uniform mixing, then in field planting hole, 0.5 kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate is put and soil is mixed thoroughly, put nursery stock, make root system in order, water sufficient normal root water, with Em800 doubly-1000 times of liquid, finally cover one deck to loosen the soil, and make diameter 1m; Manage after field planting: column righting, tree dish trickle moisturizing in first quarter moon also covers weeds; The liquid manure monthly watering 1-2 thin people, animal liquid manure the 4-7 month from thin to thick or mix with chemical fertilizer, stop fertilising after August, September controls water, and after the Beginning of Winter, basal dressing Bao Shu survives the winter;

Three, clay fertilizer water management

(1), soil management:

A, plough deeply expand cave: the time late August-mid-November; Childhood, tree was from the outer rim of planting pit, started two the rectangular ditches of symmetry digging wide 1m, dark 50-60cm; Second Year conversion ditching position, landfill green manure, compost, barnyard manure, weeds, straw, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and lime, year by year to external expansion; Cave improvement soil need be expanded again every 2-3 in adult tangerine garden; Plough deeply wide 0.5-1m, dark 0.3-0.4m are outwards dug in position of improving the soil rectangular ditch along tree crown drip, it is too much to hinder root;

B, green manuring: You Lingju garden plant in the ranks summer and winter green manure;

C, intercropping and sward: plantation leguminous plant and gramineous forage grass;

D, the ridging of tangerine garden: in late November-early December trains in tangerine ground with pond sludge, soddy soil, mud, thicken effective soil layer, once earth up thickness 5-7cm;

E, tree dish cover: at hot-dry season overlay tree dish, covering distance trunk 8-12cm, and thickness is 10-20cm;

F, plough deeply and intertill: rudiment combines before blooming to be executed the full garden of spring fertilizer and plough deeply 15-20cm, plough shallowly between later tangerine tree dish or strain 8-15cm or weed out the rank grass;

G, plant careless bank protection; (2), apply fertilizer

A, fertilizing time: earsh is 10-15 days before spring, summer, autumn growth are taken out and sent out, and respectively executes a tip-promoting fertilizer, impose strong tip fertilizer 2 times in each young sprout raw phase, to August-November executes a base manure; Bearing-age tree has generally executed 3 fertilizer, and the late Febuary of spring fertilizer before the spring tip is sprouted applies to early March, and strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer applies before Slight Heat, and fruit picking fertilizer applies before and after fruit picking;

B, fertilizing amount: treelet to nourish and grow, fertilizer application amount 1 year 50Kg dung polluted water, urea 0.5Kg, the fertile 2Kg of oil cake, suitably increases and decreases according to tree crown size; The tangerine garden of the annual per mu yield 1000-1500Kg of bearing-age tree, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 3Kg is executed in year strain, the fertile 6-8Kg of oil cake; Wherein, spring fertilizer accounts for 10%-15%, and strong fruit sales promotion fertilizer accounts for 50%-55%, the fertile 35%-40% of fruit picking;

C, fertilizing method: ditching or cave near tree crown drip, spring and summer is shallow to be executed, autumn and winter deep placement, and chemical fertilizer is shallow to be executed, fertilizer deep placement; The position of fertilising in a year needs not overlapping, deeply reaches 20cm;

D, foliage spray: after the 4-8 month and fruit picking, according to plant nutrient status, fill a vacancy to lack, timely foliage-spray urea 0.3%-0.4%, zinc sulphate 0.1%-0.2%, borax 0.1%-0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%-0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, ammonium molybdate 0.01%-0.05%; (3), water management: should pour water lower than 60%, need draining higher than 80%, be usually the 4-6 month be drainage period, 7-8 Yue Weiju garden watering period; The shaping of four, pruning (1), earsh is cut: based on light pruning, and main firmly high yield of cultivating sets skeleton, increases branch progression, ahead of time result; After seedling planting, stay dry high 40-45cm cutting back, send out after a while strong the overhead high 3-4 of choosing of a 25-45cm growth potential, be evenly distributed, the first transaction of a day's business of the male character types in Chinese operas, usu. referring tov the bearded character degree, the young sprout at 5-8cm interval is had to cultivate as major branch each other, when major branch grows to 25-35cm, carry out pinching, every major branch cultivates 1-3 secondary major branch, form tree crown skeleton, successively cultivate side shoot, branch group; Each time branch carries out pinching when 20-25cm; (2), the pruning of bearing-age tree: prune point spring and summer pruning; Prune spring late Febuary-early March carries out, delete to dredge, cutting back is auxiliary, mainly wipes out deadwood, sick branch, intersection branch, overlapping branch, Mi Shengzhi, slim and frahile branch of growing thickly, the strong bearing basal shoot after cutting back 1/3 long summer, autumn growth and fruit picking; Tree was wanted heavy pruning and early cut good year, and many employing cutting back methods, stay the strong leaf fruit bearing shoot after fruit picking more; Young tree should light pruning and postpone till squaring period and prune, and as far as possible retains fruit bearing shoot and enriching shoot, dredges to delete to cover branch and without leaf baldness branch, dredge the mistake prosperous spring tip and the weak spring tip of part that go to give birth to then; Summer pruning carried out in late June to mid-July, within 8-12 days, used sufficient fruit-promoting fertilizer before pruning, based on cutting back, and the fruit drop branch of cutting back tree crown periphery, vegetative shoot, water sprout and decline fruit-bearing shoot cluster; Clip diameter 0.3-0.5cm, pruning rate is no more than 15% of leaf area total amount, erase in time Winter hardness and the winter tip; (3), flower and fruit management:

A, flower and fruit protecting: children's bearing-age tree in age, adhere to summer shoot of erasing, start mid-July to put autumn growth; The tree comparatively large to flower amount, tree vigo(u)r is on the weak side, carries out foliar application 2-3 time, with 0.3% urea+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.15% borax+0.2% zinc sulphate; To flower amount less, the partially strong tangerine tree of tree vigo(u)r or run into anomalous weather, thank spend 3/4 time and young fruit period carry out spray leaf fertilizer time add gibberellin every gram and be watered 75 to 100 kilograms of fruit retentions;

B, artificial fruit thinning: measure too much tree to flower, fruit, to August after physiological fallen fruit stops, point carry out artificial fruit thinning 2-3 time, mainly remove malformed fruit, sick wormed fruit, Mi Shengguo, excessive or fruitlet; Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest six, fruit are plucked

Seven, protection against cold and freezing conditions and freeze rear nursing

(1), protection against cold and freezing conditions: 1. strengthen management: wipe out Winter hardness, use sufficient fruit picking fertilizer, under fruit after tree, as arid, fill with once permeable in time; 2. to earth up the harmony root and stem of certain plants: December, early and middle ten days completed, earsh ridging height 35-40cm, bearing tree ridging height more than 30cm, soil will loosen, in small, broken bits, not large wet or excessively sticky; 3. tree dish covers; 4. trunk is white: a little and water 5kg of white-out agent lime 1.5kg, sulphur powder 0.3kg, salt 0.2kg, animal oil is deployed into pasty state; 5. pour water before freezing: cold wave is filled with permeable, namely arranged after filling before arriving; 6. fumigation: when radiation cooling, with weeds, husk, wood chip, junked tire, pitch prill and malthoid mixing, arranges cigarette heap per hectare 60-90 heap in tangerine garden, in 12 igniting later at midnight of calm fine day; 7. triangle canopy is taken: treelet north orientation takes triangle canopy, upper cover straw or film, south opening; 8. frost sprays the agent of 1500 times of Tianda-2116 Cell Homeostasis before arriving; (2), rear nursing is frozen: 1. shake snow in time; 2. to dig trenches to drain the water away and intertillage is loosened the soil: when getting warm again after a cold spell after freezing, promptly to dig trenches to drain the water away and the intertillage of tree dish is loosened the soil; 3. frequently thin fertilizer: the tree that freeze injury is heavier, fertilization time is mid or late March, and carries out repeatedly foliage spray to mid-July after young leaves launches; 4. prune: tree carries out light freeze before rudiment in good time, based on light pruning, to dry up the blue or green cutting back of position band from branch, as far as possible retain green branches and leaves more; Heavily freeze tree then after rudiment, when young sprout grows to 3-5cm, then carry out cutting back or saw except deadwood; To growing more prosperous spring, the timely pinching of summer shoot, promoting branch, accelerating tree crown and expanding; 5. resin disease and sunscald is prevented and treated.

Apply method of the present invention can carry out science cultivation management to Nanfeng orange, effectively improve Nanfeng orange Quality and yield, rapidly, damage by disease and insect is few for the growth of tangerine tree.

Embodiment

Following embodiment is convenient to understand the present invention better, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is conventional method.Fertilizer used in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is commercially available; Fertilizer amount, is common dose.

embodiment 1

A kind of Nanfeng orange cultivation management method step of the present invention is as follows: one, field is opened up wastelandthe selection in field.Nanfeng orange is applicable to planting below dark more than the 1m of soil layer, below height above sea level 400m, gradient 20-25 degree, leeward on the sunny side, the more rich gentle slope of vegetation, or the level land that fertile soil loosens, below subterranean water level 1.5m, drainage ventilation are good or flood land.Be not planted in the location that low-lying cold air easily deposits.

two, field plantingplantation density: tangerine garden, level land seeding row spacing is 4-4.5m × 5-5.5m, tangerine garden, mountain region seeding row spacing is 3.5-4m × 4.5-5m.Resident time: point spring planting and fall planting, the 2-3 month of spring planting before rudiment carries out; Fall planting in October early and middle ten days be advisable, the autumn should not plant when drought is serious.Field planting method: select breeding strong sprout.First fill planting pit (ditch): a point 3-4 layer inserts green manure 40kg/ cubic meter, straw 7 kg/ cubic meter, cake fertilizer 3-5 kg/ cubic meter, ash 1-1.5 kg/ cubic meter, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1.5 kg/ cubic meter and farmyard manure kg/ cubic meter in 1m planting pit (ditch), uniform mixing, then in field planting hole, 0.5 kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate is put and soil is mixed thoroughly, put nursery stock, make root system in order, banket while steady and sure gently, expose grafting mouth, water sufficient normal root water, with Em800 doubly-1000 times of liquid, finally cover one deck to loosen the soil, and make diameter about 1m tree dish.Manage after field planting: column righting, tree dish trickle moisturizing in first quarter moon also covers weeds.The liquid manure that the 4-7 month monthly can be watered 1-2 thin people, animal liquid manure from thin to thick or be mixed with chemical fertilizer, stop fertilising after August, September controls water, can survive the winter by basal dressing Bao Shu after the Beginning of Winter. three, clay fertilizer water management and soil management, fertilising and water management.1, soil management.Object regulates tangerine Orchard Soil water, fertilizer, gas, hot situation, increases fertility of land, for tangerine tree creates deep fertile, loose good soil layer.Tangerine Orchard Soil leading indicator: pH value 5.5-6.5, soil depth 50-60cm, organic more than 2.0%, noncapillary poropsity 12%-20%, full nitrogen 0.1%-0.5%, rapid available phosphorus 10-30ppm in every 100g soil, available potassium 100-300ppm, replacement property calcium 500-2000ppm, exchangeable Mg 80-100ppm, cation exchange capacity 12-16 kilogram-equivalent weight, degree of base saturation 60%-80%.Main method has:

A, plough deeply expand cave.Time generally arrange late August-mid-November is advisable.Childhood, tree was from the outer rim of planting pit, started two the rectangular ditches of symmetry digging wide 1m, dark 50-60cm.Second Year conversion ditching position, the thing such as landfill green manure, compost, barnyard manure, weeds, straw, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, lime, year by year to external expansion.Cave improvement soil then need be expanded again every 2-3 in adult tangerine garden.Plough deeply wide 0.5-1m, dark 0.3-0.4m are outwards dug in position of improving the soil rectangular ditch along tree crown drip, it is too much to hinder root.

B, green manuring.You Lingju garden plant in the ranks summer and winter green manure, summer, green manure kind mainly contained Vigna sinensis sari Va, bamboo beans, mung bean, peanut etc., winter, green manure kind mainly contained Radish, Chinese milk vetch, broad bean etc., the green manure sowing time in summer is early and middle ten days in April, the green manure sowing time in winter mid-October-early November.

C, intercropping and sward.Sward system should be carried out in tangerine garden, and the interrow crop of plantation or careless class should be set without symbiosis damage by disease and insect with tangerine, and shallow root is of short stem, is advisable with leguminous plant and gramineous forage grass.Cradle to turn in good time and bury or be covered in tree dish.

D, the ridging of tangerine garden.In late November-early December trains in tangerine ground with pond sludge, soddy soil, mud, thicken effective soil layer, once earth up thickness about 6cm.

E, tree dish cover.At overlay tree dishes such as hot-dry season stalks.Covering distance trunk about 10cm, thickness is that 10-20cm is advisable.

F, plough deeply and intertill.Rudiment combines before blooming and executes the full garden of spring fertilizer and plough deeply 15-20cm, and plough shallowly between later tangerine tree dish or strain 8-15cm or weed out the rank grass, and keeps loosing soil.Rainy season should not intertill, and in the ranks then sward or intercropping green manure should not be intertilled.

G, plant careless bank protection.After terraced fields are built in tangerine garden, mountain region, the bank protections such as paspalum notatum are planted on the outer slope of terraced fields.2, apply fertilizer.Principle is many organic fertilizers, rationally ingeniously to fertilize, and suitable microelement-supplementing fertilizer.

A, fertilizing time: earsh is 10-15 days before spring, summer, autumn growth are taken out and sent out, and respectively executes a tip-promoting fertilizer, impose the strong tip fertile 2 times in each young sprout raw phase, to August-November executes the base manure such as people and animals' fecaluria, an oil cake fertilizer.Bearing-age tree has generally executed 3 fertilizer, and the late Febuary of spring fertilizer before the spring tip is sprouted applies to early March, and strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer applies before Slight Heat, and fruit picking fertilizer applies before and after fruit picking.Mid-May and September mend depending on result quantities or tree vigo(u)r growing state and execute quick-acting fertilizer.

B, fertilizing amount: treelet is to nourish and grow, and fertilizer application amount general 1 year about 50Kg dung polluted water, urea 0.5Kg, the fertile 2Kg of oil cake, suitably increases and decreases according to tree crown size.The tangerine garden of the annual per mu yield 1000-1500Kg of bearing-age tree, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 3Kg is executed in year strain, the fertile 6-8Kg of oil cake.Wherein, spring fertilizer accounts for 10%-15%, and strong fruit sales promotion fertilizer accounts for 50%-55%, the fertile 35%-40% of fruit picking.

C, fertilizing method: ditching near tree crown drip (cave), spring and summer is shallow to be executed, autumn and winter deep placement, and chemical fertilizer is shallow to be executed, fertilizer deep placement.Fertilization mode has symmetrical ditch formula, radial furrow formula, cave-shaped formula to apply fertilizer.The position of fertilising in a year needs not overlapping, generally deeply reaches about 20cm.

D, foliage spray: general after the 4-8 month and fruit picking, according to plant nutrient status, fill a vacancy to lack, timely foliage-spray urea 0.3%-0.4%, zinc sulphate 0.1%-0.2%, borax 0.1%-0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%-0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, ammonium molybdate 0.01%-0.05% etc.3, water management.Tangerine Orchard Soil appropriate field water-holding capacity 60%-80%.Should pour water lower than 60%, need draining higher than 80%, be usually the 4-6 month be drainage period, 7-8 Yue Weiju garden watering period.Tangerine garden, mountain region should notice that June starts water storing fighting drought, but should avoid the irrigation of high temperature period.Four, pruning 1, the shaping of earsh is cut.Based on light pruning, main firmly high yield of cultivating sets skeleton, increases branch progression, ahead of time result.After seedling planting, stay dry high 40-45cm cutting back, send out after a while strong the overhead high 3-4 of choosing of a 25-45cm growth potential, be evenly distributed, the first transaction of a day's business of the male character types in Chinese operas, usu. referring tov the bearded character degree, have the young sprout at 5-8cm interval to cultivate as major branch each other.When major branch grows to about 30cm, carry out pinching, every major branch cultivates 1-3 secondary major branch, forms tree crown skeleton, successively cultivates side shoot, branch group etc.Each time branch carries out pinching when 20-25cm, to promote aging and branch.2, the pruning of bearing-age tree.Divide prune spring and summer pruning.Prune spring generally late Febuary-early March carries out, delete to dredge, cutting back is auxiliary, mainly wipes out deadwood, sick branch, intersection branch, overlapping branch, Mi Shengzhi, slim and frahile branch etc. of growing thickly, the strong bearing basal shoot after cutting back 1/3 long summer, autumn growth and fruit picking.Good year, tree will be cut with morning in suitable heavy pruning, and suitably many employing cutting back methods, stay the strong leaf fruit bearing shoot after fruit picking more; Young tree should light pruning and postpone till squaring period and prune, and as far as possible retains fruit bearing shoot and enriching shoot, dredges to delete to cover branch and without leaf baldness branch, dredge the mistake prosperous spring tip and the weak spring tip of part that go to give birth to then.Summer pruning is generally advisable to mid-July in late June, prunes and uses sufficient fruit-promoting fertilizer in first about 10 days.Based on cutting back, the fruit drop branch of cutting back tree crown periphery, vegetative shoot, water sprout and decline fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Clip diameter General Requirements 0.3-0.5cm, but pruning rate is no more than 15% of leaf area total amount.To erase in time Winter hardness and the winter tip.3, flower and fruit management.

A, flower and fruit protecting: children's bearing-age tree in age, adhere to summer shoot of erasing, start mid-July to put autumn growth.The tree comparatively large to flower amount, tree vigo(u)r is on the weak side, carries out foliar application 2-3 time, usually with 0.3% urea+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.15% borax+0.2% zinc sulphate; To flower amount less, the partially strong tangerine tree of tree vigo(u)r or run into anomalous weather, thank spend 3/4 time and young fruit period carry out spray leaf fertilizer time add gibberellin every gram and be watered 75 to 100 kilograms of fruit retentions.

B, artificial fruit thinning: measure too much tree to flower, fruit, to August after physiological fallen fruit stops, point carry out artificial fruit thinning 2-3 time, mainly removes malformed fruit, sick wormed fruit, Mi Shengguo, excessive or cross fruitlet, with adjusting size annual bearing phenomenon with balance tree vigo(u)r.Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest the contagious disease of harm Nanfeng orange mainly contains yellow twig, anthracnose, shot hole, diplostomiasis, dark mildew etc., and the Major Pests of Nanfeng orange of causing harm has two spotted spider mite, blister mite, scale insect, leaf miner etc.1, shot hole.Nanfeng orange young sprout, tender leaf, young fruit infect the heaviest.Prevention and controls: 1. strengthen clear garden in winter, wipe out and burn disease branch, sick leaf, and spraying 1-1.2 Baume degrees lime sulfur once; 2. adding through pruning, making tree crown ventilation and penetrating light; 3. spray medicine protection, when mainly resting in the long 2-3mm of bud and blossom fall 2/3-3/4 time two critical periods.Medicament can select 80% green prosperous mancozeb 500-600 doubly, 70% green prosperous thiophanate-methyl 700 times, high 2000 times of 10% generation etc.2, diplostomiasis.Be the sick symptom on Nanfeng orange fruit of resin, the young fruit before annesl of mainly causing harm, occurrent time is long.Prevention and controls: ①Qing garden, wipes out deadwood and concentrates and burn; 2. spray medicine protection young fruit, thanking to 10-15 days first times spray medicine protection young fruit before and after flower, once every 15-20 days spray medicines later; continuous 3-4 time; after September, rainwater is on the high side, then need to spray 1-2 time again, and medicament selects large life (80% closes complex mancozeb) 500-600 doubly.3, dark mildew.Hide branch leaf and fruit with germ layer, hinder photosynthesis.The main growth and decline with the activity of scale insect, aleyrodid, aphid, propagation and popular.Prevention and controls: the 1. insect pest such as the good scale insect of keypoint control, citrus whitefly, aphid; 2. go coal dirty, tree crown sprays 200-250 and doubly to stop dead extraordinarily 20% Acetamiprid 5000 times etc.4, two spotted spider mite.Mainly cause harm tangerine orange blade and fruit, when being injured serious, fruit face becomes canescence, tarnishes, heavy then withered and yellow and come off.The 4-6 month and the 9-11 month are occurrence in peak period.Prevention and controls: 1. carry out winter, spring rain Ji Qingyuan, and spray 1-2 green clever 200 times of 10 1.8% Avermectin 2500 times; 2. the spring prevents in every leaf 3-5 head, and the autumn prevents that, in every leaf 5-8 head, medicament can select 2000 times of Chongmanke 300 times+green prosperous 101,20% clofentezine 1500-2000 times, 73% propargite 2000-3000 times, mite tears 2000-2500 times etc.5, blister mite.Cause harm if be clustered on the branch of citrus, leaf, fruit primarily of children mite.Killed pericarp and vacuum side of blade become pitchy, and the tangerine agriculture of killed fruit Nanfeng County claims " casting skin fruit ", and the 7-9 month is for causing harm the Sheng phase.Prevention and controls: 1. spray 1-1.2 Baume degrees lime sulfur winter to early spring, eliminates the insect that survives the winter; 2. the 7-9 month, blade or fruit every visual field under 10 times of magnifying glasses has 3, or when finding 1 " casting skin fruit " in orchard, spray medicine control in time, medicament can select 80% green prosperous mancozeb 600-800 doubly, 0.2-0.3 Baume degrees lime sulfur etc.6, scale insect.Adult and the perverse juice inhaling tissue of nymph, mainly cause harm branch, blade and fruit, and cigarette disease can be brought out.Mainly contain sugar-tablet a red-spotted lizard, brown round a red-spotted lizard, cottonycushion scale and chaff scale etc.Prevention and controls: rest in nymph and contain phase of incubating and the control of first generation nymph sub-phase spray medicine, generally early and middle ten days spray in mid-May to June medicine 1 time with spray medicine the 8-9 month 1 time, medicament can select resin soap emulsifiable concentrate 20-25 times, green clever 200-250 times, 0.5% fruit holy 1500-2000 times, green prosperous chlopyrifos 1500 times-2000 times etc.7, leaf miner.Take food under slipping into spray and fruit surface with larva, form the bending gallery of white, make that leaf rolling is firmly crisp to come off.Mid or late May after summer shoot is sprouted starts to cause harm, and causes harm the 7-8 month and contains most.Prevention and controls: summer, autumn growth take out the phase of sending out, extract fragmentary drought excessively or excessively take out the young sprout sent out evening, strengthen rich water quality management, impel young sprout to take out to send out neat, when young sprout is sprouted and reached 50% or most bud long 2-3cm, or when the tender leaf rate of being injured reaches 5%, start to spray medicine, every 7-10 days 1 time, continuous 2-3 time, medicament can select 2% green prosperous Avermectin 2500 times, 20% Acetamiprid, 5000 times of skies reach and go out young arteries and veins 2000-2500 doubly.Six, fruit is plucked

Early November, gather after the Beginning of Winter.Should select fine day or dry and comfortable weather and carry out after dew is dry, accomplish to pluck, first maturation is first adopted in batches, first cut and put down gently, when gathering from outside to inside, from bottom to top pluck, smooth with scissors, do not feel perverse hand with finger touch, the fruit under adopting should not spend the night at solar exposure and air storage.Seven, protection against cold and freezing conditions and freeze rear nursing

Nanfeng orange is subtropical evergreen fruit trees, more responsive to low temperature, and freeze injury often has generation in various degree, antifreeze be Nanfeng orange produce in important measures.1, protection against cold and freezing conditions technology.1. strengthen management: wipe out Winter hardness, use sufficient fruit picking fertilizer, under fruit after tree, as arid, fill with once permeable in time.2. to earth up the harmony root and stem of certain plants: December, early and middle ten days completed, earsh ridging height 35-40cm, bearing tree ridging height more than 30cm, soil will loosen, in small, broken bits, not large wet or excessively sticky.3. tree dish covers: after fruit picking, in tree panel surface, and mulching straw, straw stalk, weeds or film.4. trunk is white: white-out agent, water 5kg a little with lime 1.5kg, sulphur powder 0.3kg, salt 0.2kg, animal oil can be deployed into pasty state.5. pour water before freezing: cold wave is filled with permeable, namely arranged after filling before arriving.6. fumigation: when radiation cooling, with mixing such as weeds, husk, wood chip, junked tire, pitch prill, malthoids, arranges cigarette heap per hectare 60-90 heap in tangerine garden, in 12 igniting later at midnight of calm fine day.7. triangle canopy is taken: treelet north orientation takes triangle canopy, upper cover straw or film, south opening.8. frost sprays 1500 times of Tianda-2116 Cell Homeostasis agent protections against cold and freezing conditions before arriving.2, rear nursing technique is frozen.1. shake snow in time: when snowfall is large, the accumulated snow on timely jog tree crown, but can not beat with waddy.That is caused by crushing by snow splits branch, resets and uses rope band tighten in time.2. to dig trenches to drain the water away and intertillage is loosened the soil: when getting warm again after a cold spell after freezing, promptly to dig trenches to drain the water away and the intertillage of tree dish is loosened the soil.3. frequently thin fertilizer: the tree that freeze injury is heavier, fertilization time is deferred to mid or late March, and carries out repeatedly foliage spray to mid-July after young leaves launches.4. prune: tree can carry out light freeze before rudiment in good time, based on light pruning, to dry up the blue or green cutting back of position band from branch, as far as possible retain green branches and leaves more; Heavily freeze tree then after rudiment, when young sprout grows to 3-5cm, then carry out cutting back or saw except deadwood.To growing more prosperous spring, the timely pinching of summer shoot, promoting branch, accelerating tree crown and expanding.High concentration bactericide to be coated with to large clip to be protected.5. prevent and treat the sick and sunscald of resin: endure cold tree because of frostbite mouth and clip many, resin disease, foot rot etc. are especially easily infected in trunk, bough bifurcation and the position that faces south, find susceptible, namely by the yellowish-brown cingula scraped clean of sharp pocket knife by the sick portion on xylem and strong portion intersection, the bactericide such as 50 times of thiophanate methyls are coated.In summer high temperature season, exposed limb is screened with white-out agent brushing or with grass bundle etc.

Apply the seed output and quality that method of the present invention effectively can improve Nanfeng orange, and can be effective, effectively reduce damage by disease and insect, after applying management by methods of the present invention, rapidly, the numerous leaf of branch is prosperous for the growth of Nanfeng orange tree.

Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a Nanfeng orange cultivation management method, is characterized in that: step is as follows:

One, reclamation of wasteland Nanfeng orange in field is applicable to planting in dark more than the 1m of soil layer, below below height above sea level 400m, gradient 20-25 degree, leeward on the sunny side, the more rich gentle slope of vegetation, or the level land that fertile soil loosens, below subterranean water level 1.5m, drainage ventilation are good or flood land;

Two, field planting plantation density: tangerine garden, level land seeding row spacing is 4-4.5m × 5-5.5m, tangerine garden, mountain region seeding row spacing is 3.5-4m × 4.5-5m; Resident time: point spring planting and fall planting, the 2-3 month of spring planting before rudiment carries out; Fall planting in October early and middle ten days be advisable, the autumn should not plant when drought is serious;

Field planting method: select breeding strong sprout, first fill planting pit or ditch: a point 3-4 layer inserts green manure 40kg/ cubic meter, straw 7 kg/ cubic meter, cake fertilizer 3-5 kg/ cubic meter, ash 1-1.5 kg/ cubic meter, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1.5 kg/ cubic meter and farmyard manure kg/ cubic meter in planting pit or ditch, uniform mixing, then in field planting hole, 0.5 kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate is put and soil is mixed thoroughly, put nursery stock, make root system in order, water sufficient normal root water, with Em800 doubly-1000 times of liquid, finally cover one deck to loosen the soil, and make diameter 1m; Manage after field planting: column righting, tree dish trickle moisturizing in first quarter moon also covers weeds; The liquid manure monthly watering 1-2 thin people, animal liquid manure the 4-7 month from thin to thick or mix with chemical fertilizer, stop fertilising after August, September controls water, and after the Beginning of Winter, basal dressing Bao Shu survives the winter;

Three, clay fertilizer water management

(1), soil management:

A, plough deeply expand cave: the time late August-mid-November; Childhood, tree was from the outer rim of planting pit, started two the rectangular ditches of symmetry digging wide 1m, dark 50-60cm; Second Year conversion ditching position, landfill green manure, compost, barnyard manure, weeds, straw, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and lime, year by year to external expansion; Cave improvement soil need be expanded again every 2-3 in adult tangerine garden; Plough deeply wide 0.5-1m, dark 0.3-0.4m are outwards dug in position of improving the soil rectangular ditch along tree crown drip, it is too much to hinder root;

B, green manuring: You Lingju garden plant in the ranks summer and winter green manure;

C, intercropping and sward: plantation leguminous plant and gramineous forage grass;

D, the ridging of tangerine garden: in late November-early December trains in tangerine ground with pond sludge, soddy soil, mud, thicken effective soil layer, once earth up thickness 5-7cm;

E, tree dish cover: at hot-dry season overlay tree dish, covering distance trunk 8-12cm, and thickness is 10-20cm;

F, plough deeply and intertill: rudiment combines before blooming to be executed the full garden of spring fertilizer and plough deeply 15-20cm, plough shallowly between later tangerine tree dish or strain 8-15cm or weed out the rank grass;

G, plant careless bank protection; (2), apply fertilizer

A, fertilizing time: earsh is 10-15 days before spring, summer, autumn growth are taken out and sent out, and respectively executes a tip-promoting fertilizer, impose strong tip fertilizer 2 times in each young sprout raw phase, to August-November executes a base manure; Bearing-age tree has generally executed 3 fertilizer, and the late Febuary of spring fertilizer before the spring tip is sprouted applies to early March, and strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer applies before Slight Heat, and fruit picking fertilizer applies before and after fruit picking;

B, fertilizing amount: treelet to nourish and grow, fertilizer application amount 1 year 50Kg dung polluted water, urea 0.5Kg, the fertile 2Kg of oil cake, suitably increases and decreases according to tree crown size; The tangerine garden of the annual per mu yield 1000-1500Kg of bearing-age tree, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 3Kg is executed in year strain, the fertile 6-8Kg of oil cake; Wherein, spring fertilizer accounts for 10%-15%, and strong fruit sales promotion fertilizer accounts for 50%-55%, the fertile 35%-40% of fruit picking;

C, fertilizing method: ditching or cave near tree crown drip, spring and summer is shallow to be executed, autumn and winter deep placement, and chemical fertilizer is shallow to be executed, fertilizer deep placement; The position of fertilising in a year needs not overlapping, deeply reaches 20cm;

D, foliage spray: after the 4-8 month and fruit picking, according to plant nutrient status, fill a vacancy to lack, timely foliage-spray urea 0.3%-0.4%, zinc sulphate 0.1%-0.2%, borax 0.1%-0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%-0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, ammonium molybdate 0.01%-0.05%; (3), water management: should pour water lower than 60%, need draining higher than 80%, be usually the 4-6 month be drainage period, 7-8 Yue Weiju garden watering period; The shaping of four, pruning (1), earsh is cut: based on light pruning, and main firmly high yield of cultivating sets skeleton, increases branch progression, ahead of time result; After seedling planting, stay dry high 40-45cm cutting back, send out after a while strong the overhead high 3-4 of choosing of a 25-45cm growth potential, be evenly distributed, the first transaction of a day's business of the male character types in Chinese operas, usu. referring tov the bearded character degree, the young sprout at 5-8cm interval is had to cultivate as major branch each other, when major branch grows to 25-35cm, carry out pinching, every major branch cultivates 1-3 secondary major branch, form tree crown skeleton, successively cultivate side shoot, branch group; Each time branch carries out pinching when 20-25cm; (2), the pruning of bearing-age tree: prune point spring and summer pruning; Prune spring late Febuary-early March carries out, delete to dredge, cutting back is auxiliary, mainly wipes out deadwood, sick branch, intersection branch, overlapping branch, Mi Shengzhi, slim and frahile branch of growing thickly, the strong bearing basal shoot after cutting back 1/3 long summer, autumn growth and fruit picking; Tree was wanted heavy pruning and early cut good year, and many employing cutting back methods, stay the strong leaf fruit bearing shoot after fruit picking more; Young tree should light pruning and postpone till squaring period and prune, and as far as possible retains fruit bearing shoot and enriching shoot, dredges to delete to cover branch and without leaf baldness branch, dredge the mistake prosperous spring tip and the weak spring tip of part that go to give birth to then; Summer pruning carried out in late June to mid-July, within 8-12 days, used sufficient fruit-promoting fertilizer before pruning, based on cutting back, and the fruit drop branch of cutting back tree crown periphery, vegetative shoot, water sprout and decline fruit-bearing shoot cluster; Clip diameter 0.3-0.5cm, pruning rate is no more than 15% of leaf area total amount, erase in time Winter hardness and the winter tip; (3), flower and fruit management:

A, flower and fruit protecting: children's bearing-age tree in age, adhere to summer shoot of erasing, start mid-July to put autumn growth; The tree comparatively large to flower amount, tree vigo(u)r is on the weak side, carries out foliar application 2-3 time, with 0.3% urea+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.15% borax+0.2% zinc sulphate; To flower amount less, the partially strong tangerine tree of tree vigo(u)r or run into anomalous weather, thank spend 3/4 time and young fruit period carry out spray leaf fertilizer time add gibberellin every gram and be watered 75 to 100 kilograms of fruit retentions;

B, artificial fruit thinning: measure too much tree to flower, fruit, to August after physiological fallen fruit stops, point carry out artificial fruit thinning 2-3 time, mainly remove malformed fruit, sick wormed fruit, Mi Shengguo, excessive or fruitlet; Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest six, fruit are plucked

Seven, protection against cold and freezing conditions and freeze rear nursing

(1), protection against cold and freezing conditions: 1. strengthen management: wipe out Winter hardness, use sufficient fruit picking fertilizer, under fruit after tree, as arid, fill with once permeable in time; 2. to earth up the harmony root and stem of certain plants: December, early and middle ten days completed, earsh ridging height 35-40cm, bearing tree ridging height more than 30cm, soil will loosen, in small, broken bits, not large wet or excessively sticky; 3. tree dish covers; 4. trunk is white: a little and water 5kg of white-out agent lime 1.5kg, sulphur powder 0.3kg, salt 0.2kg, animal oil is deployed into pasty state; 5. pour water before freezing: cold wave is filled with permeable, namely arranged after filling before arriving; 6. fumigation: when radiation cooling, with weeds, husk, wood chip, junked tire, pitch prill and malthoid mixing, arranges cigarette heap per hectare 60-90 heap in tangerine garden, in 12 igniting later at midnight of calm fine day; 7. triangle canopy is taken: treelet north orientation takes triangle canopy, upper cover straw or film, south opening; 8. frost sprays the agent of 1500 times of Tianda-2116 Cell Homeostasis before arriving; (2), rear nursing is frozen: 1. shake snow in time; 2. to dig trenches to drain the water away and intertillage is loosened the soil: when getting warm again after a cold spell after freezing, promptly to dig trenches to drain the water away and the intertillage of tree dish is loosened the soil; 3. frequently thin fertilizer: the tree that freeze injury is heavier, fertilization time is mid or late March, and carries out repeatedly foliage spray to mid-July after young leaves launches; 4. prune: tree carries out light freeze before rudiment in good time, based on light pruning, to dry up the blue or green cutting back of position band from branch, as far as possible retain green branches and leaves more; Heavily freeze tree then after rudiment, when young sprout grows to 3-5cm, then carry out cutting back or saw except deadwood; To growing more prosperous spring, the timely pinching of summer shoot, promoting branch, accelerating tree crown and expanding; 5. resin disease and sunscald is prevented and treated.