CN104982276A - Method for simulating mechanized rice transplanting plot experiment by pot rice seedling hole planting - Google Patents
Method for simulating mechanized rice transplanting plot experiment by pot rice seedling hole planting Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for simulating mechanized rice transplanting plot experiment by pot rice seedling hole planting, and belongs to the technical field of a rice breeding technology. The problem that mechanical transplanting is difficult to realize because of a relatively small area of a mechanized rice transplanting plot is overcome. According to the method, a rice seedling throwing and raising technology and a rice variety regional test technology are combined so as to achieve requirements of a mechanized rice transplanting technology; mechanized transplanting rice varieties which are suitable for locally planting are screened out by quantitative pot seedling for seedling throwing, and stimulating rice mechanical transplanting by fixed-point hole planting; the mechanized transplanting rice varieties replace conventional hand-transplanted seed-bed seedlings or mechanized-transplanting tray-nursing seedlings; manual rice seedling separating and transplanting is changed into pot seedling fixed-point pot planting; the transplanted rice seedlings are quick in reviving and good in premature, and have the characteristics of having nutrient soil in roots of mechanized-transplanting rice seedlings, being not damaged in roots during seedling separating, being straight in transplanted seedlings, consistent in seedling quantity per planting hole, quick in reviving, early in tillering and the like. According to the method, the accuracy and the scientificity of the mechanized rice transplanting plot experiment are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that alms bowl plate seedling raising cave plants simulated rice transplanting small plot experiment, be applicable to the community comparative test of transplanting rice varieties, belong to rice breeding technology field.
Background technology
Transplanting is the high-yield culture technique replacing original hand to insert with the efficient rice transplanting of rice transplanter, thoroughly relieves heavy rice transplantation by hand.The machine transplanting of rice becomes basically universal in developed country as rice high efficient cultivation development direction, and China is planned for the year two thousand twenty whole nation and substantially realizes paddy rice entire mechanization.But the rice varieties filtering out suitable for machine rice transplanting is the key of technology success or failure, by carrying out community varietal yield test, filter out the rice varieties of suitable for machine rice transplanting.Rice seedling bed or the sprout-tray seedling growth of adopting transplants the method setting up small plot experiment more at present, also exist than transplanting sprout-tray seedling growth, rice seedling bed nursery turns green that slow seedling is slow, sprout-tray seedling growth manually transplants the shortcomings such as cave seedling number is inconsistent, be difficult to after transplanting reach the standard that machine transplanting of rice rice shoot is neat, Miao Yun, Miao Zhi, Miao Quan, seedling are strong.
Summary of the invention
Rice seedling throwing seedling-cultivation technique and Evaluation of Rice Regional Trials combine with technique get up by the present invention, make every effort to the requirement reaching mechanic rice transplanting, object is the quantitative nursery of alms bowl dish by rice transplanting, fixed point cave plants the simulated rice machine transplanting of rice, set up community varietal yield test, filter out the transplanting rice varieties of suitable local plantation, replace traditional hand seedlings plugging bed nursery or transplanting seedling-cultivation plate, changing manually separates seedlings or planting plants as pot seedling fixed point cave plants, after inserting, rice shoot is turned green soon, early send out, possesses transplanting rice shoot root band Nutrition Soil completely, seedling is divided not hinder root, after planting, the straight seedling of row just, cave seedling number is consistent, turn green fast, to tiller the features such as morning.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is taked is:
Alms bowl plate seedling raising cave plants a method for simulated rice transplanting small plot experiment, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1: bed soil arranges
Seedbed, preparing seedbed and configuration Nutrition Soil is selected according to rice planting technology technical requirement;
(1) seedbed is selected: deep plough before selecting the winter, seedbed is done in loam or clay loam rice field easily in irrigation and drainage;
(2) rice seedling bed fertilising: every mu of organic fertilizer 2000-3000kg during deep ploughing before the winter, 5-10d before sowing, rakes the soil level in conjunction with rice seedling bed, every mu of sealing fertilizer 30kg and zinc sulphate 0.5kg; Described composite fertilizer is N ﹕ P
2o
5﹕ K
2o=15 ﹕ 15 ﹕ 15;
(3) Nutrition Soil is configured: deep plough before selecting the winter, without grass-seed, without the clay loam of paddy rice harmful levels of pathogens being made into work dish soil, fetch earth when selection fair weather and soil moisture 10%-15%, pulverize, sieve, remove weeds and stone, sandstone, make the hard foreign material not being greater than 5mm in soil containing diameter;
Evenly admix 600-675g rice seedling-growth soil regulator or ammonium sulfate 100-130g, superphosphate 100-180g, potassium chloride 40-100g in soil after being sieved by every 100kg, then cover tightly fully vexed more than the 30d of heap with plastic sheeting for farm use;
Before sowing, in the soil after every 1000kg heap is vexed, evenly admix 4-6g fenaminosulf again, mix rear plastic sheeting for farm use thoroughly and cover the vexed 7-10d of the concentrated heap of continuation, make loam fully ripe, obtain Nutrition Soil;
(4) non-irrigated whole seedbed: after fertilising, thin with rotovator rake, rake, train out the bed surface of wide 150cm, high 20cm with spade, reserve the work road shallow ridges of wide 30-40cm between bed and bed, shovel is high to be mended low, makes every effort to seedbed and reaches " flat, light, straight ";
S2: balance dress soil
(1) alms bowl dish is selected: alms bowl dish specification is macropore six rib seedling bowl plate 580 × 330 × 25mm, and hole alms bowl number is 434 holes or 561 holes;
(2) bracing wire balance: along the seedbed put in order through S1 (4), bracing wire discharge rice transplanting alms bowl dish, balance requires that neat and consistent, dish and dish do not interspace, laterally pendulum 2 dish;
(3) alms bowl dish dress soil: after setting dish, first alms bowl dish is loaded the Nutrition Soil that 2/3 alms bowl hole depth S1 (3) configures;
S3: sowing covers
(1) seed treatment: first determine transplanting rice varieties community comparative test scheme, then measures its germination rate to the rice paddy seed of all participation transplanting small plot experiments;
Before sowing, the every 5kg rice paddy seed fresh cartap of 16% miaow 15 grams of 5kg that add water, stir evenly rear seed soaking, adopt the method for " day leaching night dew " to allow its naturally long root sprout;
Described day leaching night dew method is: daytime is immersed in the water 10-12h seed, and seed packet takes out and divides ground 10-12h by evening, and this process does not need to eluriate and change seed-soaking liquid; Within second day, continue to take the mode of " day leaching night dew ", seed soaking time is 3-4d, to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally bud substantially together, can sow after spreading for cooling 5-6h to the naturally broken chest of seed;
(2) quantitatively sow: after the Germination Percentage of Rice result measured according to S3 (1) and rice transplanting, equal Basic Seedling calculates seed number per, evenly program request in the alms bowl disk hole of each kind processed at S2 (3), the community program request one of general each kind is coiled;
(3) blinding drop cloth: the after planting Nutrition Soil that configures of lid layer again, reaches and does not reveal dish and be advisable; Then go up water to overflow lid seedling dish and soak 2-4h, the water on seedling dish is put and dry gently presses seedling dish with plank, be combined with seedbed closely; Finally with non-woven fabrics or Shading net covering seedling dish, surrounding compresses, and throws off in time after emerging;
S4: rice shoot manages
Field management is carried out according to rice planting technology technical requirement;
(1) water: need not pour water before emerging, 2 leaf phases retained ditch-water, and 3 leaf phases kept furrow face moistening, and 4 leaf after dates are noted controlling water, and with short packing, before playing seedling, 3-5d stops pouring water, and makes it naturally fall dry;
(2) topdress: 1 leaf 1 heart stage combined to water every mu and executes 7.5kg urea to do ablactation fertile, before playing seedling, 5-7d every mu executes 5kg urea and send and transfer fertilizer;
(3) controlling disease: after taking off film, 1 leaf 1 heart stage and 2 leaf 1 heart stages, is watered 1000-1500 times of liquid spray disinfectant, in case sprout term diseases such as damping offs with 65% fenaminosulf 50-60g;
S5: fixed point cave plants
(1) experimental field arrange: experimental field soil fertility requires uniformity, rake through fertilising, rotary tillage, Shang Shui, sink real 1-2d;
(2) bracing wire partition: delimit with red nylon cotton rope and repeat, stay work road 40cm between repetition, insert along red cotton rope plastics the corner that each community inserted out successively by ground board, in each community, all correspondence places the kind alms bowl dish rice shoot designed in testing program;
(3) bamboo pole described point: the straight bamboo pole of 2 joint is cut into cell-wide, with red paint described point on bamboo pole, bamboo pole two ends are apart from red point 1/2 line-spacing, and the red dot spacing of bamboo pole is cell row distance, then 2 bamboo poles having retouched red point are placed on the two ends being plugged plastics card in one's hand community;
(4) white line described point: equidistantly learn to write by tracing over characters printed in red a little on white line, point and dot spacing are exactly cave, community distance, and the cotton rope having retouched red point is inserted in first red point on the bamboo pole of two ends, community along cell length;
(5) fixed point cave plants: the bracing wire of two ends, community, one portable an alms bowl dish, mention a potted sprout by a planting on the other hand, insert after 1 row successively by the planting backward of the red point of bamboo pole, after 1 community has been inserted, mention another kind rice shoot planting again, pendulum is inserted and must shallowly be inserted, and rice shoot soil body surface can not lower than earth surfaces; All kinds are transplanted the same period, and the same day has inserted.
Further, by the quantitative nursery of alms bowl dish of rice transplanting, fixed point cave plants the simulated rice machine transplanting of rice, sets up community varietal yield test, filters out the transplanting rice varieties of suitable local plantation.
Further, described S3 (2) Zhong Yige community is 0.02 mu.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) method of the present invention sets up the comparative test of kind community by the transplanting of alms bowl plate seedling raising list alms bowl fixed point, the artificial cave of transplanting machine for seedlings nursery is utilized to plant simulated rice transplanting, the rice varieties of suitable for machine rice transplanting can be filtered out, overcome the less difficult problem being difficult to the machine transplanting of rice of plot area.
(2) physical culture of plastics seedling dish alms bowl is adopted to go out root with nutritive cube, the rice seedling being mutually easy to dispersion, overcome rice seedling bed nursery hand to insert and to turn green the slow shortcoming of slow seedling than transplanting sprout-tray seedling growth, transplant with transplanting seedling-cultivation plate that equally to hinder root few, plant wound light, turn green fast, tiller early, tillering node is low, tiller many, leaf emergence rate is fast.Also overcome transplanting sprout-tray seedling growth simultaneously and be difficult to a point shortcoming for the Miaos' work transplanting.
(3) adopt plastics seedling dish alms bowl sport seedling cave seedling number equal, growth neat and consistent, the standard that machine transplanting of rice rice shoot is neat, Miao Yun, Miao Zhi, Miao Quan, seedling are strong can be reached after transplanting, plastics seedling dish alms bowl sport seedling and machine transplanting of rice rice shoot seedling quality difference are not remarkable, can improve accuracy and the science of the community comparative test of machine-transplanted rice kind.
Table 1 Different Raising Seedling mode simulates the seedling quality of community transplanting
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is alms bowl dish used in embodiment;
Accompanying drawing 2 uses bowl plate seeding in embodiment;
Accompanying drawing 3 is hard seedling dish used in comparative example 1;
Accompanying drawing 4 uses hard sprout-tray seedling growth in comparative example 1.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, illustrate content of the present invention further below in conjunction with embodiment, but content of the present invention is not only confined to the following examples, embodiment should not regard as limiting the scope of the present invention.Below in conjunction with example, the present invention will be further described:
Embodiment: alms bowl plate seedling raising cave plants simulation machine-transplanted rice small plot experiment---Shandong Province's transplanting Evaluation of Rice Regional Trials
One, test objective
Identify the yielding ability of each tested variety (being), yield stability, adaptability, resistance and quality characteristic, filter out suitable our province popularizing planting transplanting rice varieties, for variety certification and popularization provide scientific basis.
Two, tested variety (being)
Tested variety (being) 8 (containing contrast), is numbered J1501, J1502, J1508 respectively, and wherein J1501 is the holy rice 14 of contrast.
Three, experimental scheme
S1: bed soil arranges
(1) rice seedling bed is selected: the rice seedling bed of paddy rice regional test is done in deep ploughing before selecting the winter, irrigation and drainage convenience, the uniform loam of soil fertility or clay loam rice field.
(2) rice seedling bed fertilising: the winter before before deep ploughing, often per muly evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 2000-3000kg, and the front 10d of sowing, rake the soil level in conjunction with rice seedling bed, every mu is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer (N:P again
2o
5: K
2o=15:15:15) 30kg and zinc sulphate 0.5kg.
(3) Nutrition Soil is configured: deep plough before selecting the winter, without grass-seed, without the clay loam of paddy rice harmful levels of pathogens being made into work dish soil, fetch earth when selection fair weather and soil moisture 10%-15%, pulverize, sieve, remove weeds and stone, sandstone, make the hard foreign material not being greater than 5mm in soil containing diameter.Evenly admix 600-675g rice seedling-growth soil regulator in fine earth after being sieved by every 100kg, then cover tightly fully vexed more than the 30d of heap with plastic sheeting for farm use.Evenly admix 4-6g fenaminosulf again in fine earth after the front every 1000kg heap of sowing is vexed, mix the covering of rear plastic sheeting for farm use thoroughly and continue vexed about the 7d of concentrated heap, make the abundant slaking of loam.
(4) non-irrigated whole seedbed: after fertilising, thin with rotovator rake, rake, train out the bed surface of wide 150cm, high 20cm with spade, reserve the work road shallow ridges of wide 40cm between bed and bed, shovel is high to be mended low, makes every effort to seedbed and reaches " flat, light, straight ".
S2: balance dress soil
(1) alms bowl dish is selected: alms bowl dish specification is macropore six rib seedling bowl plate (in attached Fig. 1 and 2) 580 × 330 × 25mm, and hole alms bowl number is 434 holes.
(2) bracing wire balance: along the seedbed put in order through S1 (4), bracing wire discharge rice transplanting alms bowl dish, balance requires that neat and consistent, dish and dish do not interspace, and laterally pendulum 2 dish, sets altogether 24 dishes.
(3) alms bowl dish dress soil: after setting dish, first alms bowl dish is loaded the Nutrition Soil that 2/3 alms bowl hole depth S1 (3) configures.
S3: sowing covers
(1) seed treatment: according to Shandong Province's transplanting Evaluation of Rice Regional Trials scheme, the rice paddy seed 8 being participated in transplanting small plot experiment measures its germination rate.Before sowing, the every 5kg rice paddy seed fresh cartap of 16% miaow 15 grams of 5kg that add water, stir evenly rear seed soaking, adopt the method for " day leaching night dew " to allow its naturally long root sprout.That is: daytime seed is immersed in the water 12h; Evening seed packet taking-up is divided ground and be about 12h (not needing to eluriate and change seed-soaking liquid).Within second day, continue to take the mode (general 3-4d) of " day leaching night dew ", to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally bud substantially together to the naturally broken chest of seed, can sow after spreading for cooling 5-6h.
(2) quantitatively sow: in order to reach each rice varieties alms bowl hole in equal seedling 5-6 seedlings, the germination rate result of each rice varieties measured according to step S3 (1) calculates program request grain number in alms bowl hole, even program request in each kind alms bowl disk hole that step S2 (3) processed, each kind community (13.33m
2) program request one coils, repeat for 3 times, each kind program request 3 is coiled.According to transplanting process, 25-30 day in May is sowed, the sowing same period of all kinds.
(3) blinding drop cloth: the after planting Nutrition Soil that configures of lid layer again, reaches and does not reveal dish and be advisable.Then go up water to overflow lid seedling dish and soak 2-4h, the water on seedling dish is put and dry gently presses seedling dish with plank, be combined closely with seedbed.Finally with non-woven fabrics or Shading net covering seedling dish, surrounding compresses, and throws off in time after emerging.
S4: rice shoot manages
Field management is carried out according to rice planting technology technical requirement:
(1) water: need not pour water before emerging, 2 leaf phases retained ditch-water, and 3 leaf phases kept furrow face moistening, and 4 leaf after dates are noted controlling water, and with short packing, before playing seedling, 3-5d stops pouring water, and allows it naturally fall dry.
(2) topdress: 1 leaf 1 heart stage combined to water every mu and executes 7.5kg urea to do ablactation fertile, before playing seedling, 5-7d every mu executes 5kg urea and send and transfer fertilizer.
(3) controlling disease: after taking off film, 1 leaf 1 heart stage and 2 leaf 1 heart stages, is watered 1000-1500 times of liquid spray disinfectant, in case sprout term diseases such as damping offs with 65% fenaminosulf 50-60g.
S5: fixed point cave plants
(1) experimental field arrange: experimental field soil fertility requires uniformity, through applying fertilizer, deep ploughing, upper water is raked, heavy real 1-2d.
(2) bracing wire partition: delimit with red nylon cotton rope and repeat, stay work road 40cm between repetition.Insert along red cotton rope plastics the corner that each community found successively by ground board, zone leader 5.56m, wide 2.40m, 8 row, line-spacing 30cm, in each community, the kind alms bowl dish rice shoot designed is coiled in all corresponding placement 1.
(3) bamboo pole described point: the straight bamboo pole of 2 joint is cut into 2.40m, and with red paint described point on bamboo pole, bamboo pole two ends are apart from red some 15cm, and the red dot spacing of bamboo pole is 30cm, then 2 bamboo poles having retouched red point are placed on the two ends being plugged plastics card in one's hand community.
(4) white line described point: point of equidistantly learning to write by tracing over characters printed in red on white line (point and dot spacing are exactly the 13cm of cave, community distance), is inserted in first red point on the bamboo pole of two ends, community by the cotton rope having retouched red point along cell length.
(5) fixed point cave plants: the bracing wire of two ends, community, one portable an alms bowl dish, mention a potted sprout by a planting on the other hand, insert after 1 row successively by the planting backward of the red point of bamboo pole, after 8 row 1 communities have been inserted, mention another kind rice shoot planting again, pendulum is inserted and must shallowly be inserted, and rice shoot soil body surface can not lower than earth surfaces.Samely repeat all kinds and transplant on the same day, 15-25 in June day rice transplanting, the same day has inserted.
Comparative example 1: machine transplanting of rice hard disk seedling simulation machine-transplanted rice small plot experiment
One, test objective
Identify the yielding ability of each tested variety (being), yield stability, adaptability, resistance and quality characteristic, utilize hard disk seedling machine transplanting of rice mode, filter out the rice varieties being suitable for the machine transplanting of rice.
Two, tested variety (being)
Tested variety (being) 8 (containing contrast), is numbered J1501, J1502, J1508 respectively, and wherein J1501 is the holy rice 14 of contrast.
Three, experimental scheme
S1: bed soil arranges
(1) rice seedling bed is selected: the rice seedling bed of paddy rice regional test is done in deep ploughing before selecting the winter, irrigation and drainage convenience, the uniform loam of soil fertility or clay loam rice field.
(2) rice seedling bed fertilising: the winter before before deep ploughing, often per muly evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 2000-3000kg, and the front 10d of sowing, rake the soil level in conjunction with rice seedling bed, every mu is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer (N ﹕ P again
2o
5﹕ K
2o=15 ﹕ 15 ﹕ 15) 30kg and zinc sulphate 0.5kg.
(3) Nutrition Soil is configured: deep plough before selecting the winter, without grass-seed, without the clay loam of paddy rice harmful levels of pathogens being made into work dish soil, fetch earth when selection fair weather and soil moisture 10%-15%, pulverize, sieve, remove weeds and stone, sandstone, make the hard foreign material not being greater than 5mm in soil containing diameter.Evenly admix 600-675g rice seedling-growth soil regulator in fine earth after being sieved by every 100kg, then cover tightly fully vexed more than the 30d of heap with plastic sheeting for farm use.Evenly admix 4-6g fenaminosulf again in fine earth after the front every 1000kg heap of sowing is vexed, mix the covering of rear plastic sheeting for farm use thoroughly and continue vexed about the 7d of concentrated heap, make the abundant slaking of loam.
(4) non-irrigated whole seedbed: after fertilising, thin with rotovator rake, rake, train out the bed surface of wide 150cm, high 20cm with spade, reserve the work road shallow ridges of wide 40cm between bed and bed, shovel is high to be mended low, makes every effort to seedbed and reaches " flat, light, straight ".
S2: balance dress soil
(1) seedling dish is selected: seedling dish specification is polypropylene hard disk (in accompanying drawing 3 and 4) 580 × 280 × 25mm.
(2) bracing wire balance: along the seedbed put in order through S1 (4), bracing wire discharge hard disk, balance requires that neat and consistent, dish and dish do not interspace, and laterally pendulum 2 dish, sets altogether 24 dishes.
(3) alms bowl dish dress soil: after setting dish, first by in-built for the hard disk Nutrition Soil completely configured.
S3: sowing covers
(1) seed treatment: before sowing, the every 5kg rice paddy seed fresh cartap of 16% miaow 15 grams of 5kg that add water, stir evenly rear seed soaking, adopt the method for " day leaching night dew " to allow its naturally long root sprout.That is: daytime seed is immersed in the water 12h; Evening seed packet taking-up is divided ground and be about 12h (not needing to eluriate and change seed-soaking liquid).Within second day, continue to take the mode (general 3-4d) of " day leaching night dew ", to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally bud substantially together to the naturally broken chest of seed, can sow after spreading for cooling 5-6h.
(2) quantitatively sow: filling in the hard disk after striking off Nutrition Soil, uniform broadcasting 150g rice paddy seed.According to transplanting process, 25-30 day in May is sowed, the sowing same period of all kinds.
(3) blinding drop cloth: after planting lid layer Nutrition Soil again, lid kind of thickness is advisable to lose seed.Then go up water to overflow lid seedling dish and soak 2-4h, the water on seedling dish is put and dry gently presses seedling dish with plank, be combined closely with seedbed.Finally with non-woven fabrics or Shading net covering seedling dish, surrounding compresses, and throws off in time after emerging.
S4: rice shoot manages
Field management is carried out according to rice planting technology technical requirement:
(1) water: need not pour water before emerging, 2 leaf phases retained ditch-water, and 3 leaf phases kept furrow face moistening, and 4 leaf after dates are noted controlling water, and with short packing, before playing seedling, 3-5d stops pouring water, and allows it naturally fall dry.
(2) topdress: 1 leaf 1 heart stage combined to water every mu and executes 7.5kg urea to do ablactation fertile, before playing seedling, 5-7d every mu executes 5kg urea and send and transfer fertilizer.
(3) controlling disease: after taking off film, 1 leaf 1 heart stage and 2 leaf 1 heart stages, is watered 1000-1500 times of liquid spray disinfectant, in case sprout term diseases such as damping offs with 65% fenaminosulf 50-60g.
S5: fixed point cave plants
(1) experimental field arrange: experimental field soil fertility requires uniformity, through applying fertilizer, deep ploughing, upper water is raked, heavy real 1-2d.
(2) bracing wire partition: delimit with red nylon cotton rope and repeat, stay work road 40cm between repetition.Insert along red cotton rope plastics the corner that each community found successively by ground board, zone leader 5.56m, wide 2.40m, 8 row, line-spacing 30cm, in each community, the kind hard disk rice shoot designed is coiled in all corresponding placement 1.
(3) bamboo pole described point: the straight bamboo pole of 2 joint is cut into 2.40m, and with red paint described point on bamboo pole, bamboo pole two ends are apart from red some 15cm, and the red dot spacing of bamboo pole is 30cm, then 2 bamboo poles having retouched red point are placed on the two ends being plugged plastics card in one's hand community.
(4) white line described point: point of equidistantly learning to write by tracing over characters printed in red on white line (point and dot spacing are exactly the 13cm of cave, community distance), is inserted in first red point on the bamboo pole of two ends, community by the cotton rope having retouched red point along cell length.
(5) fixed point cave plants: the bracing wire of two ends, community, one portable a hard disk rice shoot, tear out rice shoot by a planting on the other hand, insert after 1 row successively by the planting backward of the red point of bamboo pole, after 8 row 1 communities have been inserted, mention another kind rice shoot planting again, hand is inserted and must shallowly be inserted, and rice shoot soil body surface can not lower than earth surfaces.Samely repeat all kinds and transplant on the same day, 15-25 in June day rice transplanting, the same day has inserted.
Comparative example 2: simulation machine-transplanted rice small plot experiment is transplanted in the seedling of land, rice seedling bed
One, test objective
Identify the yielding ability of each tested variety (being), yield stability, adaptability, resistance and quality characteristic, utilize land dry rice seedling machine transplanting of rice mode, filter out the rice varieties being suitable for the machine transplanting of rice.
Two, tested variety (being)
Tested variety (being) 8 (containing contrast), is numbered J1501, J1502, J1508 respectively, and wherein J1501 is the holy rice 14 of contrast.
Three, experimental scheme
S1: rice seedling bed arranges
(1) rice seedling bed is selected: the rice seedling bed of paddy rice regional test is done in deep ploughing before selecting the winter, irrigation and drainage convenience, the uniform loam of soil fertility or clay loam rice field.
(2) rice seedling bed fertilising: the winter before before deep ploughing, often per muly evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 2000-3000kg, and the front 10d of sowing, rake the soil level in conjunction with rice seedling bed, every mu is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer (N:P again
2o
5: K
2o=15:15:15) 30kg and zinc sulphate 0.5kg.
(3) meticulous wholely: rake the soil level after fertilising, non watered ploughing is done whole, rakes rotten, trench digging do furrow, the long 10-12m of furrow, the wide 1.4-1.5m of furrow, furrow width 25-30cm, ditch depth 15cm.Furrow face is made to reach the requirement of " the lower pine of upper paste, ditch depth face is put down, and fertile sufficient grass is clean, neither too hard, nor too soft ".
S2: precision drilling
(1) seed treatment: before sowing, the every 5kg rice paddy seed fresh cartap of 16% miaow 15 grams of 5kg that add water, stir evenly rear seed soaking, adopt the method for " day leaching night dew " to allow its naturally long root sprout.That is: daytime seed is immersed in the water 12h; Evening seed packet taking-up is divided ground and be about 12h (not needing to eluriate and change seed-soaking liquid).Within second day, continue to take the mode (general 3-4d) of " day leaching night dew ", to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally bud substantially together to the naturally broken chest of seed, can sow after spreading for cooling 5-6h.
(2) precision drilling: each kind sowing area is 2.5m
2, stay the spacing of 50cm between kind, every m
2seedling sowing in bed 60-65g, claim to plant moisture in the soil, uniform broadcasting, covers the fine earth that 1 cm thick is got ready.Must cover evenly, seed can not expose outside soil, but can not blinding too thick, otherwise rice shoot is thin and delicate.Sufficient water is watered immediately after broadcasting.
(3) insect protected weeding: rice seedling bed was without obvious ponding in second day, every m
2with Furadan 4g and benthiocarb 0.4-0.6g, be watered 1kg and spray, control soil insect and weeding.
S3: young plants management
(1) water: the 2-3 leaf phase, take moisteningly to combine with light irrigation.3 leaf phases, along with rice shoot increases gradually, leaf transpiration increased, and needed water more, kept shoaling layer to transplanting.
(2) topdress: 1 leaf 1 heart stage combined to water every mu and executes 7.5kg urea to do ablactation fertile, before pulling up seedlings, 5-7d every mu executes 5kg urea and send and transfer fertilizer.
(3) controlling disease: 1 leaf 1 heart stage and 2 leaf 1 heart stages, be watered 1000-1500 times of liquid spray disinfectant, in case sprout term diseases such as damping offs with 65% fenaminosulf 50-60g.
S4: fixed point cave plants
(1) experimental field arrange: experimental field soil fertility requires uniformity, through applying fertilizer, deep ploughing, upper water is raked, heavy real 1-2d.
(2) bracing wire partition: delimit with red nylon cotton rope and repeat, stay work road 40cm between repetition.The corner that each community found successively by ground board is inserted, zone leader 5.56m, wide 2.40m, 8 row, line-spacing 30cm along red cotton rope plastics.
(3) bamboo pole described point: the straight bamboo pole of 2 joint is cut into 2.40m, and with red paint described point on bamboo pole, bamboo pole two ends are apart from red some 15cm, and the red dot spacing of bamboo pole is 30cm, then 2 bamboo poles having retouched red point are placed on the two ends being plugged plastics card in one's hand community.
(4) white line described point: point of equidistantly learning to write by tracing over characters printed in red on white line (point and dot spacing are exactly the 13cm of cave, community distance), is inserted in first red point on the bamboo pole of two ends, community by the cotton rope having retouched red point along cell length.
(5) pull up seedlings in rice seedling bed: each kind in rice seedling bed pulled up seedlings successively and transport in community corresponding to design.
(6) cave of fixing a point plants: the bracing wire of two ends, community, has inserted successively by the planting backward of the red point of bamboo pole after 1 row, after 8 row 1 communities have been inserted, more slotting another one community.Samely repeat all kinds and transplant on the same day, 15-25 in June day rice transplanting, the same day has inserted.
The result of the test of above embodiment and comparative example 1, comparative example 2 sees the following form 1:
Table 1 Different Raising Seedling mode simulates the seedling quality of community transplanting
As can be seen from Table 1: the pier seedling number utilizing rice transplanting alms bowl plate seedling raising fixed point cave to plant is 4.5-5.4 strain/pier, pier seedling number compares uniformity, difference is not remarkable, and height of seedling after transplanting, band tiller rate, the total radical of individual plant, root long all than the seedling of machine transplanting of rice hard disk and land seedling many, illustrate that alms bowl plate seedling raising is turned green soon, tiller early, the effect of the machine transplanting of rice can be reached.
Claims (3)
1. alms bowl plate seedling raising cave plants a method for simulated rice transplanting small plot experiment, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1: bed soil arranges
Seedbed, preparing seedbed and configuration Nutrition Soil is selected according to rice planting technology technical requirement;
(1) seedbed is selected: deep plough before selecting the winter, seedbed is done in loam or clay loam rice field easily in irrigation and drainage;
(2) rice seedling bed fertilising: every mu of organic fertilizer 2000-3000kg during deep ploughing before the winter, 5-10d before sowing, rakes the soil level in conjunction with rice seedling bed, every mu of sealing fertilizer 30kg and zinc sulphate 0.5kg; Described composite fertilizer is N ﹕ P
2o
5﹕ K
2o=15 ﹕ 15 ﹕ 15;
(3) Nutrition Soil is configured: deep plough before selecting the winter, without grass-seed, without the clay loam of paddy rice harmful levels of pathogens being made into work dish soil, fetch earth when selection fair weather and soil moisture 10%-15%, pulverize, sieve, remove weeds and stone, sandstone, make the hard foreign material not being greater than 5mm in soil containing diameter;
Evenly admix 600-675g rice seedling-growth soil regulator or ammonium sulfate 100-130g, superphosphate 100-180g, potassium chloride 40-100g in soil after being sieved by every 100kg, then cover tightly fully vexed more than the 30d of heap with plastic sheeting for farm use;
Before sowing, in the soil after every 1000kg heap is vexed, evenly admix 4-6g fenaminosulf again, mix rear plastic sheeting for farm use thoroughly and cover the vexed 7-10d of the concentrated heap of continuation, make loam fully ripe, obtain Nutrition Soil;
(4) non-irrigated whole seedbed: after fertilising, thin with rotovator rake, rake, train out the bed surface of wide 150cm, high 20cm with spade, reserve the work road shallow ridges of wide 30-40cm between bed and bed, shovel is high to be mended low, makes every effort to seedbed and reaches " flat, light, straight ";
S2: balance dress soil
(1) alms bowl dish is selected: alms bowl dish specification is macropore six rib seedling bowl plate 580 × 330 × 25mm, and hole alms bowl number is 434 holes or 561 holes;
(2) bracing wire balance: along the seedbed put in order through S1 (4), bracing wire discharge rice transplanting alms bowl dish, balance requires that neat and consistent, dish and dish do not interspace, laterally pendulum 2 dish;
(3) alms bowl dish dress soil: after setting dish, first alms bowl dish is loaded the Nutrition Soil that 2/3 alms bowl hole depth S1 (3) configures;
S3: sowing covers
(1) seed treatment: first determine that alms bowl plate seedling raising cave plants simulated rice transplanting small plot experiment scheme, then its germination rate is measured to the rice paddy seed of all participation transplanting small plot experiments;
Before sowing, the every 5kg rice paddy seed fresh cartap of 16% miaow 15 grams of 5kg that add water, stir evenly rear seed soaking, adopt the method for " day leaching night dew " to allow its naturally long root sprout;
Described day leaching night dew method is: daytime is immersed in the water 10-12h seed, and seed packet takes out and divides ground 10-12h by evening, and this process does not need to eluriate and change seed-soaking liquid; Within second day, continue to take the mode of " day leaching night dew ", seed soaking time is 3-4d, to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally bud substantially together, can sow after spreading for cooling 5-6h to the naturally broken chest of seed;
(2) quantitatively sow: after the Germination Percentage of Rice result measured according to S3 (1) and rice transplanting, equal Basic Seedling calculates seed number per, evenly program request in the alms bowl disk hole of each kind processed at S2 (3), the community program request one of general each kind is coiled;
(3) blinding drop cloth: the after planting Nutrition Soil that configures of lid layer again, reaches and does not reveal dish and be advisable; Then go up water to overflow lid seedling dish and soak 2-4h, the water on seedling dish is put and dry gently presses seedling dish with plank, be combined with seedbed closely; Finally with non-woven fabrics or Shading net covering seedling dish, surrounding compresses, and throws off in time after emerging;
S4: rice shoot manages
Field management is carried out according to rice planting technology technical requirement;
(1) water: need not pour water before emerging, 2 leaf phases retained ditch-water, and 3 leaf phases kept furrow face moistening, and 4 leaf after dates are noted controlling water, and with short packing, before playing seedling, 3-5d stops pouring water, and makes it naturally fall dry;
(2) topdress: 1 leaf 1 heart stage combined to water every mu and executes 7.5kg urea to do ablactation fertile, before playing seedling, 5-7d every mu executes 5kg urea and send and transfer fertilizer;
(3) controlling disease: after taking off film, 1 leaf 1 heart stage and 2 leaf 1 heart stages, is watered 1000-1500 times of liquid spray disinfectant, in case sprout term diseases such as damping offs with 65% fenaminosulf 50-60g;
S5: fixed point cave plants
(1) experimental field arrange: experimental field soil fertility requires uniformity, through applying fertilizer, deep ploughing, upper water is raked, heavy real 1-2d;
(2) bracing wire partition: delimit with red nylon cotton rope and repeat, stay work road 40cm between repetition, insert along red cotton rope plastics the corner that each community inserted out successively by ground board, in each community, all correspondence places the kind alms bowl dish rice shoot designed in testing program;
(3) bamboo pole described point: the straight bamboo pole of 2 joint is cut into cell-wide, with red paint described point on bamboo pole, bamboo pole two ends are apart from red point 1/2 line-spacing, and the red dot spacing of bamboo pole is cell row distance, then 2 bamboo poles having retouched red point are placed on the two ends being plugged plastics card in one's hand community;
(4) white line described point: equidistantly learn to write by tracing over characters printed in red a little on white line, point and dot spacing are exactly cave, community distance, and the cotton rope having retouched red point is inserted in first red point on the bamboo pole of two ends, community along cell length;
(5) fixed point cave plants: the bracing wire of two ends, community, one portable an alms bowl dish, mention a potted sprout by a planting on the other hand, insert after 1 row successively by the planting backward of the red point of bamboo pole, after 1 community has been inserted, mention another kind rice shoot planting again, pendulum is inserted and must shallowly be inserted, and rice shoot soil body surface can not lower than earth surfaces; All kinds are transplanted the same period, and the same day has inserted.
2. a kind of alms bowl plate seedling raising cave according to claim 1 plants the method for simulated rice transplanting small plot experiment, it is characterized in that, by the quantitative nursery of alms bowl dish of rice transplanting, fixed point cave plants the simulated rice machine transplanting of rice, set up community varietal yield test, filter out the transplanting rice varieties of suitable local plantation.
3. a kind of alms bowl plate seedling raising cave according to claim 1 plants the method for simulated rice transplanting small plot experiment, and it is characterized in that, described S3 (2) Zhong Yige community is 0.02 mu.
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Denomination of invention: A method of pot plate seedling raising and hole planting simulated rice transplanting plot test Effective date of registration: 20211228 Granted publication date: 20170919 Pledgee: Tancheng TANFENG Planting Farmers' Professional Cooperative Pledgor: TANCHENG SEED CO. Registration number: Y2021980016538 |