CN104969816A - Method for planting selenium-enriched pears - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planting selenium-enriched pears. According to the method, cockroaches serve as a medium for enriched element selenium and are safer than traditional foliar fertilizers, and the problem of selenium poisoning caused by uncleanness in cleaning is solved. Compared with other soil fertilizers, the selenium enrichment by the cockroaches is by converting element selenium into a mode that is more favorable for absorption by plants, and enriched selenium has lower toxicity than inorganic selenium and does not diffuse easily.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich pear

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting fruit trees, about a kind of pear tree implantation methods being rich in selenium element.

Background technology

Selenium is the trace element of needed by human.Selenium participates in multiple selenoenzyme and Selenonic protein in synthesized human.Its Glutathione Peroxidase, catalysis hydroperoxides or MDA change water or various alcohols in vivo, eliminate the biomembranous attack of radical pair, and protection biomembrane is from oxidative damage; Selenium participates in forming iodate thyroid gland amino acid and takes off iodine enzyme.

Selenium can improve human immunity, promotes the synthesis of lymphocytic propagation and antibody and immunoglobulin.Selenium has kinds cancers such as colon cancer, cutaneum carcinoma, liver cancer, breast cancer and significantly suppresses and the effect of protection, and its mesostate methyl enol in body has stronger active anticancer.The nutrients such as selenium and vitamin E, allicin, linoleic acid, germanium, zinc have collaborative oxidation resistant effect, increase antioxidation activity.Meanwhile, selenium has the effect alleviating and alleviate heavy metal toxicity.

Organic Selenium can remove interior free yl, gets rid of vivotoxin, anti-oxidant, the generation that effectively can suppress lipid peroxide, prevents blood clot, remove cholesterol, strengthen immune function of human body.Selenium is the important element maintaining heart normal function, to the effect that heart human body has protection and repairs.The reduction of human body blood selenium level, the hypofunction of scavenging free radicals in body can be caused, hazardous material deposition is caused to increase, blood pressure raises, vascular wall is thickening, blood vessel elasticity reduces, VPV is slack-off, send oxygen function reduction, thus the incidence of disease bringing out cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease raises, but supply Se scientific has good effect to prevention cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, arteriosclerosis etc.

Scarce selenium is the Etiological of Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease, two kinds of endemic illness, mends selenium and can prevent marrow end pathology, promotes to repair, and in protein synthesis, promotes that disulfide bond resists metallic element removing toxic substances.Good preventive and therapeutic action is had to these two kinds of endemic illness and arthritic.

The adhesion of selenium and metal is very strong, can resist the murder by poisoning of cadmium to kidney, gonad and nervous centralis.The heavy metals such as the mercury of selenium in body, lead, tin, thallium are combined, formed metallic selenium albumen compound and detoxify, toxin expelling.

In sum, " selenium " is needed by human, has no control over oneself again, and therefore World Health Organization's suggestion supplements 200 μ g selenium every day, can effective prevention of various diseases occurred frequently.

As the fruit being subject to extensively welcoming, pear is described as the ancestor of all kinds of fruits, and pears are fresh and sweet good to eat, delicious and crisp succulence not only, and nutritious.According to statistics, in the edible part of every 100 grams of pears, energy 167.5 kilojoule, about containing 0.1 gram, protein, 0.1 gram, fat, carbohydrate 9 grams, calcium 5 milligrams, 6 milligrams, phosphorus, iron 0.2 milligram, provitamin A (carotin) 0.01 milligram, vitaminB10 .02 milligram, vitamin B2 0.01 milligram, vitamin C 4 milligrams, 0.2 milligram, nicotinic acid.Pear have fall fire, clear away heart-fire, moistening lung, reduce phlegm, cough-relieving, bring down a fever, separate sore and wine poison effect, normal food can supplement the nutrition of human body.It is edible that pear is particularly suitable for hepatitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, constipation, acute and chronic tracheitis, the infection of the upper respiratory tract, hypertension, cardiopathy and esophageal cancer patients.

This homely fruit of pears is trained the product be rich in the useful selenium element of human body by one of the problem to be solved in the present invention exactly, and the present invention realizes by designing a kind of special selenium-enriched fertilizer for pears.

In prior art, there is the scheme using foliage fertilizer and soil fertilizer to apply selenium element.The shortcoming of foliage fertilizer is, is generally add inorganic selenium, and this causes blade face, fruit easily speckles with inorganic selenium, if do not clean, user may be caused poisoning.For soil and fertilizer, the technology in forward position is use earthworm bioaccumulation selenium the most at present, be translated into the selenium of the form-organic form easily absorbed, " sodium selenite is to the research of the toxicity of earthworm and vermis selenium enriching functions ", Liu Xianghui etc., application and environmental organism journal, 2001,7 (5)--prior art 1; " novel selenium-enriched fertilizer is on the impact of leek and quality ", Liu Jun etc., 2011,27 (16)---prior art 2; But earthworm causes becoming thin until dead along with Se content increase after by feeding bait, this is unfavorable for organism enrichment.

Fertilizer containing two large class Selenium Supplement elements in prior art, one is foliage fertilizer, directly by the fertilizer spray containing selenium element to blade face to reach the object of Selenium Supplement element, but because selenium element has certain toxicity, can not clean preferably may bring the impact being unfavorable for health to eater as fruits blade face.Another kind of fertilization mode and fertilizer are traditional clay fertilizers, and mixed in soil by fertilizer and absorbed by plant root, these class methods are similar to traditional fertilizer, are all to be incorporated in fertilizer by the material containing selenium element.

The fertilizer that the present invention prepares belongs to the latter, is namely directly applied to the fertilizer of soil.

Because inorganic selenium has higher toxicity, also be unfavorable for that plant absorption is preserved, therefore in prior art, have use earthworm bioaccumulation selenium element, and inorganic selenium is converted into the settling mode of Organic Selenium, but because earthworm breeding has, cost is high, raising condition is comparatively harsh and the inferior position of collecting not easily, therefore the present invention proposes following scheme:

Fertilizer of the present invention is prepared by following methods, and breeding cockroach, its kind is not limit, and adds containing selenium material, breed after adult, pulverized until cockroach in its young bait, and this powder can directly as the Fertilizer application containing selenium element.

One of them preferred embodiment, used is selenite, selenate, elemental selenium, selenides containing selenium material;

One of them preferred embodiment is, the addition containing selenium material is the 100-3000ppm of bait, preferred 250-700ppm, more preferred 300-500ppm;

One of them preferred embodiment is, bait contains the material that can be used as arbitrarily cockroach bait feeding stimuli.

One of them preferred embodiment is, the temperature of breeding cockroach is 20-40 degree Celsius, preferred 25-33 degree Celsius, most preferably 25-30 degree Celsius.

One of them preferred embodiment is, after cockroach grows up to adult, powder pulverized powder can also use non-polar solven to rinse (leaching process), using remaining solid material as fertilizer.Described solvent can be toluene, the one of benzinum or its mixture.

One of them preferred embodiment is, the powder that the present invention prepared (comprise extraction and non-extraction obtain) is used in combination with other common fertilizer.

By through the flushed powder of organic solvent or directly pulverize and obtain powder and mix with the chemical fertilizer of non-lipid selenium, be wherein rich in the weight of fertilizer of selenium element at least 10%, preferably 20%, most preferably 35% (weighing scale).

Described non-lipid selenizing fertilizer can be inorganic fertilizer also can be fertilizer or their mixture, the natural fertilizers such as ight soil, discarded plant root, the stem etc. that preferably use, and the inorganic fertilizer preferably used is potassium dihydrogen phosphate; Above-mentioned non-lipid selenizing fertilizer is mixed to become thoroughly decomposed with rich selenium material and obtains finished product.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of fertilizer making pears be rich in selenium, thus plantation obtains the pears being rich in selenium.

Implantation methods of the present invention comprises: build garden, selects or reconcile soil pH to plant at 5.3-5.9, and the time of planting, planting density every mu 50-100 strain, fertilizing method was annual fertilising three times, and fertilizer used is that rich selenium is fertile in February December to next year.

Embodiment

The sodium selenite of 300ppm is thrown in cockroach bait feeding stimuli, this bait is fed to the larva just hatched from ootheca, continuous nursing 48 days, long for being pulverized after adult, powder after pulverizing is joined during the fertilizer be made up of natural refuse (fertilizer that axis, stalk etc. are common) is piled the potassium dihydrogen phosphate adding gross weight 0.5% again, for adding fertilizer to pears after becoming thoroughly decomposed in 25% part by weight (after accounting for mixing all).

Planting process is as follows:

Build garden, select or reconcile soil pH to plant at 5.3-5.9, select height of seedling more than 80 centimetres, it is more than grafting mouth that 8 centimeters diameters surpass 1 centimetre, have the seedling of full bud more than 5 to plant in 35-55 centimetre of shaping strip, distance between rows and hills is 3 be multiplied by 2 meters, repaiies square or circular tree dish around sapling, and at Orchard Plant Cover, preparation pollinizers, the time of planting in January, planting density every mu 80 strain, fertilizing method is annual fertilising three times, within every four months, adds fertilizer once.

The invention has the advantages that:

Cockroach has better tolerance than earthworm to tool virose selenium element, can Enriching Selenium element more, and cockroach breeding is simultaneously lower than earthworm cost, takes up an area little, more easily controls and collect, and in its body, Enriching Selenium amount of element is also better, sees the following form:

The chemical fertilizer being mixed with 25% rich selenium powder material is applied to pear tree according to bio-occlusion fertilizer amount, measure after results fruit in pear fruit containing selenium element (ICP-AES method, use nitric acid digestion sample, and configuration effort curve), containing 1.23 microgram selenium elements in every 100g pear fruit, the standard of 2013 editions " DRIs (DRIs) " formally issuing in Shanghai according to Chinese Soclety of Nutrition, suggestion adult supplements at least 50 microgram selenium elements every day, visible employ the selenium-enriched fertilizer designed for pears after, can Selenium Supplement element in a large number by taking in a certain amount of selenium-rich pear.

Claims (8)

1. the implantation methods of a selenium-rich pear, it is characterized in that, implantation methods comprises: build garden, select or reconcile soil pH to plant at 5.3-5.9, select height of seedling more than 80 centimetres, it is more than grafting mouth that 8 centimeters diameters surpass 1 centimetre, the seedling of full bud more than 5 is had to plant in 35-55 centimetre of shaping strip, distance between rows and hills is 3 be multiplied by 2 meters, square or circular tree dish is repaiied around sapling, and at Orchard Plant Cover, preparation pollinizers, time of planting is in February December to next year, planting density every mu 50-100 strain, the fertilizer used that applies fertilizer is the fertilizer being added with rich selenium component, described rich selenium component is by insect Enriching Selenium element, rich selenium component mixes with non-selenium-enriched fertilizer then to become thoroughly decomposed by the preparation method of fertilising fertilizer, wherein shared by selenium-enriched fertilizer, percentage by weight is at least 10%.

2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, non-selenium-enriched fertilizer can be inorganic fertilizer also can be fertilizer, or their mixture.

3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, non-lipid selenium fertilizer is the mixture of ight soil, discarded plant root, stem, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and wherein potassium dihydrogen phosphate accounts for the 1-5% of the fertile gross weight of non-lipid selenium.

4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, Enriching Selenium insect used is cockroach.

5. the method according to any one of claim 2-4, is characterized in that, adds the material containing selenium element in insect egg hatching out rear insect bait.

6. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, the described material containing selenium element is selenite, selenate, elemental selenium, selenides.

7. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the addition containing selenium material is the 100-3000ppm of bait.

8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the temperature of propagating insects is 20-40 degree Celsius.