CN104920006A - Flower synchronization adjustment method for brassica oleracea seed production - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a flower synchronization adjustment method for brassica oleracea seed production. The flower synchronization adjustment method has the advantages that sowing and seedling raising of two parents can be achieved at the same time, sowing time staggering is not needed, and processes are reduced; P and K fertilizers are applied to a parent ridge with late flowering time while N, P and K fertilizers are applied to a parent ridge with early flowering time in a soil preparation and fertilization stage, the N fertilizer is applied additionally according to growth trends of the parents in a nutrient and water management stage after planting, the flowering phase of the parent which blooms early is delayed about five days, and the flowering phase of the parent which blooms late is brought forward about four days, so that the difference between the flowering phases of the parents is controlled within three days, seed yield can be doubled, variety purity can reach more than 95%, and seed quality is improved greatly; heading stages of the parents are enabled to be close through parent fertilizer control, and heads grow to the same extent, so that the heads of the parents can be cut uniformly in later head cutting management, and unnecessary troubles in head cutting management are reduced greatly.

Description

A kind of method regulating wild cabbage seed production florescence to meet

Technical field

The present invention relates to wild cabbage seeding technique field, particularly relate to a kind of method regulating wild cabbage seed production florescence to meet.

Background technology

Wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) is the annual of Cruciferae Brassicas or 2 years raw herbaceous plant, and due to its adaptability and strong stress resistance, stable yields, again storage tolerance, become one of our important vegetables.Wild cabbage has a huge Breeds, realize supply listing in the whole year, arranges in pairs or groups between early, middle and late ripe kind with regard to needing.And realizing this purpose, the line cross production of hybrid seeds of different ripe property just becomes an important breeding technique.

Affecting one of wild cabbage hybrid seed yield the biggest factor is Parent flowering asynchronism, it is little that both florescences differ impact within 3 days, if both florescences differ more than 3 days, hybrid seed yield will be affected, the more hybrid seed yields of number of days different are lower, the end if parent is bloomed and another parent are not also bloomed causing, and No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity, for a kind of precocious ball head cabbage varieties of the production of hybrid seeds, because male parent was than maternal slow about 10 days, time maternal full-bloom stage is crossed, male parent just starts to bloom, maternal flower or withered, pollinated by the pollen of other crop, the pollen of male parent only has a little part can award on the column cap of female parent, have a strong impact on output and the purity of this kind.

In prior art, encounter Parent flowering asynchronism, mainly take following three kinds of methods: one is, regulate Parent sowing time means, after the parent of blooming carry and a few days ago planting, the Parent florescence is regulated with this, but for wild cabbage, this method practical adjustments florescence number of days is limited, generally can only regulate 2-3 days, even if therefore adopt and regulate Parent sowing time means, Parent flowering asynchronism phenomenon is still difficult to avoid, two are, adopt to prune branch to the parent of first blooming and carry out delaying anthesis, although the flowering stage of this this parent of way deferrable, but after the branch that grows obviously not as primary sturdy, and plant nutrition consumption is large, the quantity that causes blooming obviously reduces, and hybrid seed yield also declines thereupon, three are, after heading stage of parent of blooming ball is cut to it, impel this parent's Blooming, the method that the adjustment head cabbage seed production florescence of such as Chinese patent CN102487743A meets, the whole leaf-head being fixed in production of hybrid seeds combination slower parent of blooming after wild cabbage starts balling the normal time prescinds, stay siphonal lobe 10-12 sheet, when after cutting ball, 10-15 days and/or sprouting length reach 2-3 centimetre, stay the axillalry bud that 3-4 relatively sturdy, peel off the axillalry bud that all the other are relatively small and weak, do by cutting ball exercise, can shift to an earlier date, florescence alternation, Parent advance flowering period is met, increase the individual plant cutting ball parent to bloom sum, guarantee hybrid seed yield, the flowering stage of parent although this way is bloomed after can shifting to an earlier date, but need when cutting bulb reason to carry out different cutting ball to Parent leaf-head, and common breeding cultivated area is larger, male parent enormous amount, and do not carry out flowering regulation in advance in advance, the amount of labour of obviously carrying out cutting ball is huge, loaded down with trivial details, time and effort consuming, and the strength of adjustment of flower synchronization is still weak.

Therefore, need a kind of method regulating wild cabbage seed production florescence to meet, can not only meet by more simple and effective ground florescence alternation, and can reduce and cut unnecessary trouble in bulb reason, improve seed production and varietal purity.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method regulating wild cabbage seed production florescence to meet, can not only meet by more simple and effective ground florescence alternation, and can reduce and cut unnecessary trouble in bulb reason, improve seed production and varietal purity.

To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of method regulating wild cabbage seed production florescence to meet, comprising:

Seeding and seedling raising: the two kinds of parents simultaneously sowing wild cabbage, cultivates the parent's strong sprout with 4 ~ 6 leaves;

Site preparation and fertilization: immediately to bloom the alternate mode of parent early on many ridges according to a ridge late parent of blooming, do ridge wholely, and to execute P, K fertile for parent's alley of blooming slow, for parent's alley early of blooming, to execute N, P, K fertile, to regulate the florescence of two kinds of parents;

To transplant seedlings field planting: transplant described with field planting on parent strong sprout to alley of 4 ~ 6 leaves, and bloom parent's field planting in strong sprout early on the alley executing N, P, K fertilizer, parent's field planting in strong sprout of blooming late, on the alley executing P, K fertilizer, waters normal root water;

Rich water quality management: in the vegetative period before blooming, according to the growing way of two kinds of parents, selectivity carries out imposing of N fertilizer, regulates the florescence of two kinds of parents further, finally makes the flower synchronization of two kinds of parents.

Further, the width of every bar alley is 30cm ~ 40cm, and there is the drain ditch of 20cm ~ 30cm on every bar alley both sides; And/or, to parent's alley of blooming slow with the standard fertilising of every mu of fertile each 10KG of ground P, K, to parent's alley early of blooming with the standard fertilising of every mu of ground N, P, K composite fertilizer 50KG.

Further, described alternate mode is bloom late parent immediately two ridges or the three ridges parent of blooming early in a ridge.

Further, transplant seedlings field planting time every bar ridge on spacing in the rows be 30cm ~ 40cm.

Further, described selectivity is carried out imposing of N fertilizer and is comprised: to blooming, parent early carries out imposing of 1 ~ 2 N fertilizer, imposes at every turn and carries out according to the standard of every mu of ground 10KGN fertilizer.

Further, described method also comprise cut bulb reason: after wild cabbage starts balling, prescind 60% ~ 70% of cabbage head from top.

Further, described in cut bulb reason time, also the leaf-head that bolting is bloomed all is prescinded.

Further, described in cut bulb reason time, also by rot blade all prescind.

Further, the sowing time of nurturing staff is late September, and the time of field planting of transplanting seedlings is November, and the time of cutting bulb reason is early Febuary.

Further, the concrete steps of seeding and seedling raising comprise:

Sowing: choose cave dish, put into matrix, every bunch planting seed, waters permeable;

Nursery: the moisture keeping cave to coil for standard with moist but crowded not water outlet, carries out sunshade when running into more than 35 degree high temperature to cave dish simultaneously;

Reseed: observe the germination of seed, to sowing after 3 days ablastous cave dish reseed.

Compared with prior art, the method that adjustment wild cabbage seed production florescence of the present invention meets, can carry out seeding and seedling raising to two kinds of parents simultaneously, without the need to sowing of staggering, reduces operation, the measure taking fertilizers regulation growth to regulate the flower synchronization of two kinds of parents more simple and effectively, namely during site preparation and fertilization, only P is executed to the parent ground of blooming slow, K is fertile, reduce it to nourish and grow, promote reproductive growth, to promote flower bud differentiation, and to executing N with blooming parent early, P, K is fertile, postpone its flowering stage, carry out optionally N fertilizer during rich water quality management simultaneously after field planting to impose, the parent impelling reproduction too fast fully nourishes and grows, slow down the speed of reproductive growth, suitably to postpone its flowering stage, owing to all taking the measure of fertilizers regulation growth to two kinds of parents, originally parent's florescence early can be bloomed by delayed about 5 days, and branch is more, flower is also many, originally florescence of late parent can be bloomed by about 4 days in advance, thus the florescence gap of control two kinds of parents is within 3 days, seed production can double left and right, the purity of kind can reach more than 95%, substantially increase seed quality, simultaneously because fertilizers regulation growth makes two kinds of parent's heading stages close, leaf-head growth phase is worked as, and therefore can do the ball exercise of cutting that two kinds of parent's leaf-heads are unified follow-up cutting in bulb reason, greatly reduce and cut trouble unnecessary in bulb reason.

Embodiment

For making object of the present invention, feature becomes apparent, and be further described, but the present invention can realize by different forms, should just not be confined to described embodiment below in conjunction with specific embodiment.

The present embodiment is for the production of hybrid seeds of the precocious ball wild cabbage at slower than the florescence of its female parent about 10 days of a kind of florescence of its male parent, due to slower than the florescence of its female parent about 10 days of the florescence of the male parent of precocious ball wild cabbage, time maternal full-bloom stage is crossed, male parent just starts to bloom, maternal flower has withered or has been pollinated by the pollen of other crop, the pollen of male parent only has a little part can award on the column cap of female parent, cause current precocious ball wild cabbage every mu of ground at most can only the production of hybrid seeds about 10KG, and purity only has about 85%, have a strong impact on output and the purity of this seed.Main purpose of the present invention is that the flowering stage of its male parent is shifted to an earlier date, and maternal flowering stage is delayed, makes Parent bloom as far as possible simultaneously.Production of hybrid seeds process is particularly as follows:

One, seeding and seedling raising: start cave dish in late September and cultivate Parent strong sprout, the seedling raise period approximately needing 30 days, as follows particularly:

1, sow: under open-air atmosphere, September 20, two wild cabbage parents respectively broadcast 2 cave dishes, and often coil 128 caves, put into matrix in the dish of cave, every bunch planting 1 seed, waters permeable;

2, nursery: cave dish is put into intelligent greenhouse and set, carries out nursery, notes the moisture keeping cave dish in seedling raising process, such as, with moist but squeeze not water outlet for standard, water content 55%, if run into more than 35 degree high temperature, need with Shading net covering cave dish;

3, reseed: note observing the germination of seed, if having sowing after 3 days ablastous cave dish reseed in time;

4, divide seedling: when seedling grows to 2 leaf 1 heart, (approximately broadcast latter about 10 days), can 1 point of seedling be carried out, can between the lights or a cloudy day point seedling be conducive to surviving;

5, insect protected: wild cabbage strong stress resistance in strong sprout simultaneously, but insect protected, anti-grass work must be carried out, in order to avoid embezzled seedling by worm, grass, primary pest has aphid, diamond-back moth, cabbage caterpillar, and available ten thousand spirits and 1.8% Avermectin are used alternatingly, because the time in seedling stage is short, depending on insect situation, general medication 2 times;

6, in strong sprout: added one time of nutrition liquid every 2 ~ 3 days in the basin of cave, growth of seedling is promoted, until be grown to serve as the strong sprout with 4 ~ 6 leaves.

Two, site preparation and fertilization: can carry out in seeding and seedling raising process, also can carry out before seeding and seedling raising, selects draining to irrigate soil easily, the beans of can be front stubble be in this soil non-Cruciferae or melon.Particularly, arable land is carried out for the ground chosen and does ridge, alley south-north direction or east-westly all can, row spacing 30cm, high 15cm, between adjacent two ridges, interval 30cm does drain ditch, all alleys arrange according to the alternate mode on immediately two maternal ridges, a male parent ridge, and phosphorus potash fertilizer (P is only executed to the male parent alley of blooming slow, K is fertile), according to every mu executing P, the standard of the fertile each 10KG of K is carried out, do not execute N fertilizer, and to blooming female parent early, in order to postpone its blooming cycle, during site preparation and fertilization, N P and K (N, P, K) fertilizer all will be executed, to postpone its blooming cycle, and according to every mu executing N, P, the standard of K composite fertilizer 50KG is carried out.In other embodiments, row spacing 30cm ~ 40cm, between adjacent two ridges, interval 20cm ~ 30cm does drain ditch, and alternate mode also can be: immediately three ridge kinds are maternal for a ridge kind male parent.

Three, to transplant seedlings field planting: about November, within 2 ~ 3 days before field planting, first water is irrigated to alley, select carry out field planting the morning of fine day, on ridge, the dark kind plant hole of 5cm ~ 10cm or ditch is opened during field planting, by the gauge length of 30cm ~ 40cm, the strong sprout growing to 4 ~ 6 leaves is carried out transplanting seedlings field planting, male parent (late parent of namely blooming) field planting in strong sprout (is namely only executed P to male parent alley, the alley of K fertilizer) upper field planting, maternal (parent early of blooming) field planting in strong sprout (is namely executed N to maternal alley, P, the alley of K fertilizer) upper field planting, form a ridge male parent, the arrangement mode of many ridges female parent, training surrounding soil in real strong sprout after field planting, transplanting should not be crossed dark or excessively shallow, base portion is just put down with earth's surface, also field planting water normal root is watered in time after field planting.Transplanting seedlings field planting process without the need to topdressing, reducing each parent and nourishing and growing, promote reproductive growth, to promote flower bud differentiation.

Four, rich water quality management: i.e. field management, due to when field planting approximately to about November, at this moment almost there is no damage by disease and insect, therefore do not need to spray insecticide, as long as water in good time.See the growing way looking into two kinds of parents simultaneously, impose N fertilizer to the parent that reproduction is too fast, under normal circumstances, it is fertile that female parent needs to chase after 1-2 N, and every mu of about 10KG at every turn, impels it fully to nourish and grow, and slows down the speed of its reproductive growth, to postpone its flowering stage.In other embodiments of the invention, if the florescence gap of anticipation Parent is not very large, within 5 days, only can carry out N fertilizer to the parent that reproduction is too fast to impose, if the florescence differs greatly, then need to regulate both sides, such as, carry out nitrogenous fertilizer to the parent that reproduction is too fast to impose, P, K fertilizer is carried out to the parent that reproduction is excessively slow simultaneously and impose, to impel the flower synchronization of Parent.

Five, cut bulb reason: the fertilizers regulation through site preparation and fertilization stage and rich water quality management stage grows measure, originally the maternal heading stage is delayed, and the male parent heading stage is shifted to an earlier date, thus makes two kinds of parent's heading stages close, and leaf-head growth phase is worked as.Due to the characteristic of wild cabbage, bolting is bloomed needs the leaf-head of the stem bursting wild cabbage of leaf-head inside just to release Growth and anthesis, but this process often needs the longer time.To the time be shortened when artificial seed, need to cut ball process to wild cabbage.The present embodiment can be done the ball exercise of cutting that two kinds of parent's leaf-heads are unified, greatly reduce and cut trouble unnecessary in bulb reason, namely to early Febuary, start to cut ball with instrument (such as cutter) after starting balling Deng wild cabbage, according to identical ball mode of cutting, ball is cut to the leaf-head of Parent, namely the 60%-70% upper part of cabbage head is prescinded, leave the bottom of 30%-40%, the Stem nematode of such inside and flower bud differentiation are just without the obstruction of leaf-head, cut the wild cabbage after ball to compare wild cabbage that nature blastomere bolting blooms and can be advanced to few two weeks bolting and bloom, and the old leaf-head also bolting will bloomed when cutting ball and rotten blade have been cleared up all in the lump, thus wild cabbage rotten probability of falling ill is reduced greatly.

Six, blooming period management: this stage needs to put honeybee pollination.Parent is owing to all taking the measure of fertilizers regulation growth, and the maternal florescence can be delayed about 5 days, and branch is more, and flower is also many, male parent advance flowering period about 4 days, thus the florescence gap of Parent is within 3 days, ensure that quality and the efficiency of pollination.Although through cutting that Parent after bulb reason opens spend relative physical maturity few time all about 10%, the pollen turgor of every flower will select the situation of supernatural maturation, and after honeybee pollination, maternal Pod Bearing Percentage improves greatly.Preferably, after the florescence, male parent can be removed, think that female parent provides more space.

Seven, maturation is gathered: the time approximately at the end of May at the beginning of 6 months, and female parent bears pods maturation, and pod can start from green to yellow, pod turned yellow but completely not withered and yellow time maternal all harvestings are dried, beat plant, collect seed.

Through above-mentioned cultivation management process, the hybrid seed yield of this wild cabbage reaches every mu of 20KG, is doubled.Find after Purity Identification, obtained seed purity reaches more than 95%, substantially increases seed quality.

In sum, the method that adjustment wild cabbage seed production florescence of the present invention meets, can carry out seeding and seedling raising to two kinds of parents simultaneously, without the need to sowing of staggering, reduces operation, the measure taking fertilizers regulation growth to regulate the flower synchronization of two kinds of parents more simple and effectively, namely during site preparation and fertilization, only P is executed to the parent ground of blooming slow, K is fertile, reduce it to nourish and grow, promote reproductive growth, to promote flower bud differentiation, and to executing N with blooming parent early, P, K is fertile, postpone its flowering stage, carry out optionally N fertilizer during rich water quality management simultaneously after field planting to impose, the parent impelling reproduction too fast fully nourishes and grows, slow down the speed of reproductive growth, suitably to postpone its flowering stage, owing to all taking the measure of fertilizers regulation growth to two kinds of parents, originally parent's florescence early can be bloomed by delayed about 5 days, and branch is more, flower is also many, originally florescence of late parent can be bloomed by about 4 days in advance, thus the florescence gap of control two kinds of parents is within 3 days, seed production can double left and right, the purity of kind can reach more than 95%, substantially increase seed quality, simultaneously because fertilizers regulation growth makes two kinds of parent's heading stages close, leaf-head growth phase is worked as, and therefore can do the ball exercise of cutting that two kinds of parent's leaf-heads are unified follow-up cutting in bulb reason, greatly reduce and cut trouble unnecessary in bulb reason.

Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various change and modification to invention and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if these amendments of the present invention and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.

Claims (10)

1. the method regulating wild cabbage seed production florescence to meet, is characterized in that, comprising:

Seeding and seedling raising: the two kinds of parents simultaneously sowing wild cabbage, cultivates the parent's strong sprout with 4 ~ 6 leaves;

Site preparation and fertilization: immediately to bloom the alternate mode of parent early on many ridges according to a ridge late parent of blooming, do ridge wholely, and to execute P, K fertile for parent's alley of blooming slow, for parent's alley early of blooming, to execute N, P, K fertile, to regulate the florescence of two kinds of parents;

To transplant seedlings field planting: transplant described with field planting on parent strong sprout to alley of 4 ~ 6 leaves, and bloom parent's field planting in strong sprout early on the alley executing N, P, K fertilizer, parent's field planting in strong sprout of blooming late, on the alley executing P, K fertilizer, waters normal root water;

Rich water quality management: in the vegetative period before blooming, according to the growing way of two kinds of parents, selectivity carries out imposing of N fertilizer, regulates the florescence of two kinds of parents further, finally makes the flower synchronization of two kinds of parents.

2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the width of every bar alley is 30cm ~ 40cm, and there is the drain ditch of 20cm ~ 30cm on every bar alley both sides; And/or, to parent's alley of blooming slow with the standard fertilising of every mu of fertile each 10KG of ground P, K, to parent's alley early of blooming with the standard fertilising of every mu of ground N, P, K composite fertilizer 50KG.

3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described alternate mode is bloom late parent immediately two ridges or the three ridges parent of blooming early in a ridge.

4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, transplant seedlings field planting time every bar ridge on spacing in the rows be 30cm ~ 40cm.

5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described selectivity is carried out imposing of N fertilizer and comprised: to blooming, parent early carries out imposing of 1 ~ 2 N fertilizer, imposes at every turn and carries out according to the standard of every mu of ground 10KGN fertilizer.

6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described method also comprises cuts bulb reason: after wild cabbage starts balling, prescind 60% ~ 70% of cabbage head from top.

7. method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described in when cutting bulb reason, also the leaf-head that bolting is bloomed all is prescinded.

8. method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described in when cutting bulb reason, also the blade rotted all is prescinded.

9. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the sowing time of nurturing staff is late September, and the time of field planting of transplanting seedlings is November, and the time of cutting bulb reason is early Febuary.

10. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the step of seeding and seedling raising comprises:

Sowing: choose cave dish, put into matrix, every bunch planting seed, waters permeable;

Nursery: the moisture keeping cave to coil for standard with moist but crowded not water outlet, carries out sunshade when running into more than 35 degree high temperature to cave dish simultaneously;

Reseed: observe the germination of seed, to sowing after 3 days ablastous cave dish reseed.