CN104904471A - Strawberry planting method - Google Patents
Strawberry planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104904471A CN104904471A CN201510293334.7A CN201510293334A CN104904471A CN 104904471 A CN104904471 A CN 104904471A CN 201510293334 A CN201510293334 A CN 201510293334A CN 104904471 A CN104904471 A CN 104904471A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to a strawberry planting method. The strawberry planting method comprises the following steps of preventing and controlling diseases and pests of strawberry seedlings, i.e. sterilizing a seedbed before seeding, biologically preventing and controlling diseases and pests during the seedling stage, and dipping the roots of the seedlings; preventing and controlling diseases and pests in a greenhouse before field planting, i.e. physically preventing and controlling diseases and pests in the greenhouse, i.e. before field planting of the strawberry seedlings, arranging pest proof nets at vents, doors and windows of the greenhouse, sterilizing the interior of the greenhouse, and sterilizing the soil of the greenhouse; preventing and controlling diseases and pests after field planting, i.e. after field planting of the strawberry seedlings, hanging a pest trap color plate in the greenhouse to trap and kill pests, and arranging a sulfurator to prevent and control diseases and pests through sulfur fumigation. During the strawberry growing period, a pest preventing liquid made of plant raw materials is selected to prevent pests, and complex probiotics fermentation liquor is selected to biologically prevent and control diseases. Due to the fact that each production step is strictly controlled, the occurrence of diseases and pests can be effectively prevented, the yield of strawberry can be obviously increased, the mouthfeel and the fragrance of the strawberry are improved, the economic benefit of planters is guaranteed, and healthy development of strawberry planting industry is also guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of strawberry cultivation method, belong to proportion of crop planting field.
Background technology
The main diseases and insect pests of strawberry cultivating process has powdery mildew, root rot, anthracnose, gray mold, leaf spot, two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, flower thrips, aphid etc.Wherein: cause harm seriously with powdery mildew, root rot, two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, flower Ji,
The sick canopy rate of powdery mildew is close to 100%, and diseased plant rate often reaches more than 60%, production loss 10% ~ 30%; The general incidence of disease 5% ~ 15% of root rot, serious canopy room can reach more than 50% even total destruction; Two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, flower thrips occur general, estimated loss 10% ~ 20%.
Agro-chemicals control is the major measure of the sick worm prevention and control of current strawberry, and the pesticide species according to investigations strawberry used reaches tens of kinds.Because strawberry growth cycle is long, sprawl growth, sick worm is caused harm seriously, effect of chemical control is undesirable, and registration is at present few for the effective agent kind of preventing and treating the sick worm of strawberry, and fruit is eaten raw, inconvenience is cleaning thoroughly, and the residue of pesticide eating strawberry raw are the problems received much concern always.So the organic strawberry not using the syntheticses such as any chemical pesticide and chemical fertilizer is the consumers in general high-quality strawberry of pursuing especially.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of strawberry cultivation method, reduces the generation of strawberry cultivating process damage by disease and insect, reduces the use of chemical pesticide, improves food security.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows: a kind of strawberry cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
1) strawberry seedling damage by disease and insect prevention and control:
(1) nursery bed disinfection before sowing: with lime to the disinfecting soil in seedbed, adopt rich selenium seedling medium, maternal plant field planting seeding row spacing 60 × 120 centimetres, seedling medium cladding thickness 15 centimetres, described seedling medium is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 10 ~ 12 parts, phosphate fertilizer, 3 ~ 8 parts, urea, wormcast 50 ~ 80 parts, seawood meal 2.5 ~ 3 parts, aloe powder 4 ~ 5 parts, 5 ~ 7 parts, radix aconiti agrestis powder, sodium metasilicate 2 ~ 3 parts, alum powder 1 ~ 3 part, iron hydroxide 3 ~ 4 parts, 6 ~ benzylaminopurine 0.5 ~ 0.7 part, carboxymethyl cellulose 0.8 ~ 1 part, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 1.1 ~ 1.3 parts, white vitriol 1.3 ~ 1.5 parts, ammonium molybdate 1.0 ~ 1.2 parts, manganese sulphate 0.7 ~ 0.8 part, 1.0 ~ 1.2 parts, zinc sulphate and 500 ~ 600 parts of disinfection soils.
(2) the biological prevention and control of seedling stage diseases and pests: adopt biopesticide to carry out the control of damage by disease and insect, select herbal control insect pest;
(3) seedling dips in root process: strawberry seedling is before field planting, and seedling root adopts mass percentage to be the aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution of 10%, soaks 10 ~ 15min;
2) damage by disease and insect prevention and control in field planting Qian Peng room:
(1) the physics prevention and control of canopy room: before strawberry seedling field planting, fly net is set at canopy chamber ventilated mouth and door and window place, isolates extraneous insect;
(2) canopy chamber interior sterilization: adopt sulfur fumigation method to carry out disinfection to canopy chamber interior before strawberry seedling field planting;
(3) canopy room soil disinfection: the front white lime of strawberry seedling field planting or gypsum are to the disinfecting soil in canopy room;
3) damage by disease and insect prevention and control after planting seedlings:
(1) hang in canopy indoor after strawberry seedling field planting and lure worm colour table insect-killing trapping, and sulfurator is set carries out the pre-disease prevention of sulfur fumigation;
(2) strawberry selects plant material insect protected liquid to carry out insect protected vegetative period; Described plant material insect protected liquid is made up of following raw material: cloves 6 ~ 7 parts, 9 ~ 10 parts, Chinese prickly ash, cogongrass rhizome 8 ~ 10 parts, 3 ~ 4 parts, leek, 7 ~ 9 parts, garlic, the coptis 12 ~ 15 parts, lavender 8 ~ 15 parts, rheum officinale 8 ~ 10 parts, onion 12 ~ 14 parts, 7 ~ 9 parts, ginger, 2 ~ 5 parts, the dried rhizome of rehmannia, balloonflower root 8 ~ 9 parts, the capsule of weeping forsythia 13 ~ 15 parts;
(3) strawberry selects composite probiotics ferment liquid to carry out biological control disease vegetative period, and it specifically comprises the zymotic fluid of lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes and nitrifying bacteria.
On the basis of technique scheme, the present invention can also do following improvement.
The present invention's a kind of strawberry cultivation method described above, further, described seedling medium is prepared from by the following method:
Step 1) prepare wormcast, adopt earthworm to clear up cow dung and produce wormcast, select one piece of moisture be 70% ~ 75% rectangle plot, wide 2 ~ 5m, long 30 ~ 50m, in the drain ditch of the dark 40 ~ 50cm of surrounding excavation, wide 30 ~ 40cm, build earthworm biological treatment bed, then the long pile shape cow dung of high 15 ~ 20cm, wide 25 ~ 35cm, long 2 ~ 3m is stacked, every bar piles up neatly 10 ~ 15cm of being separated by, cover the primary matrix alive of earthworm that 3 ~ 5cm is thick, then inoculate earthworm, input amount is 0.4 ~ 0.5kg/m
2, make temperature control at 20 ~ 30 DEG C by sunshade or overlay film, the physicochemical character of routine observation material, after cow dung is fully cleared up by earthworm, is separated earthworm with wormcast, gathers wormcast;
Step (2) takes each raw material by the weight portion of constitutive material, first seawood meal, aloe powder, radix aconiti agrestis powder, sodium metasilicate, alum powder are added suitable quantity of water mixing, be heated to 75 ~ 80 DEG C, be incubated 15 minutes, grind to form slurry, then add phosphate fertilizer, wormcast prepared by urea, step (1), mix, finally add other residual components, stir for subsequent use.
The present invention's a kind of strawberry cultivation method described above, further, described plant material insect protected liquid is prepared from by the following method, proportionally taking cloves, Chinese prickly ash, cogongrass rhizome, leek, garlic, the coptis, lavender, rheum officinale, onion, ginger, the dried rhizome of rehmannia, balloonflower root and capsule of weeping forsythia mixing adopts conventional flooding method to obtain leaching liquor, Extracting temperature is 80 ~ 85 DEG C, namely prepares plant material insect protected liquid by concentrated for leaching liquor
The present invention's a kind of strawberry cultivation method described above, further, the preparation of described composite probiotics ferment liquid comprises the following steps:
The production method of streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution is: in 1kg water, add brown sugar 0.5 ~ 0.8kg make solution, , lactic acid bacteria culturers is added with 2% inoculum concentration, sealed fermenting in anaerobic fermentation tank, control fermentation temperature 28 ~ 35 DEG C, fermentation time 3 ~ 7 days, the liquid spawn activated is added second order fermentation tank sealed fermenting, second order fermentation liquid proportioning is: molasses 10%, amino acid 0.1% ~ 0.5%, vitamin 0.05%-1% controls fermentation temperature 33 ~ 38 DEG C, fermentation time 3 ~ 7 days, inoculum concentration 5% ~ 10%, constantly molasses are added between yeast phase, treat that bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/ml, when pH is 4.2, stop fermentation,
The production method of saccharomycetes to make fermentation liquid is: expand being inoculated into bacterial classification in saccharomycete in zymotic fluid, the formula of zymotic fluid is: 50g/L, urea (NH
4)
2sO
41g/L, KH
2pO
42.5g/L Na
2hPO
40.5g/L, MgSO
41g/L, FeSO
40.1g/L, yeast extract 0.5g/L, rose-bengal 0.03g/L, pH4.5 ~ 5.0, sealed fermenting in aerobic fermentation tank, controls fermentation temperature 25 ~ 28 DEG C, fermentation time 2 ~ 3 days, the liquid spawn activated is added the fermentation of secondary aerobic fermentation tank, second order fermentation liquid proportioning is: moyashi 100g/L, glucose 50g/L, pH nature, control fermentation temperature 25 ~ 28 DEG C, fermentation time 3 ~ 5 days, inoculum concentration 5% ~ 10%, constantly adds glucose between yeast phase, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid is: be seeded to by bacillus subtilis in medium, culture medium prescription is: peptone 2%, yeast extract 0.5%, sodium chloride 1%, nature pH, is placed in 37 DEG C, seed fermentation tank and cultivates after 1 ~ 2 day, access fermentation medium, culture medium prescription is: sucrose 1%, peptone 1%, sodium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, in natural pH, inoculum concentration 5% ~ 10%, temperature 35 ~ 37 DEG C, constantly adds sucrose between yeast phase, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of Fermentation by Photosynthetic Bacteria liquid is: be seeded to by photosynthetic bacteria in yeast extract protein culture medium, basic recipe is: CaCL
20.3g, MgSO
47H
2o 0.5g, yeast extract 3g, peptone 3g, distilled water 1000ml, adjustment pH 6.8, in cultivation temperature: 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, intensity of illumination: 2000LX ~ 5000LX, lower cultivation 3 days, afterwards in aerobic fermentation tank with the inoculum concentration of 15%, temperature 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, intensity of illumination: cultivate under 2000LX ~ 5000LX, pH:7.5 ~ 8.5 conditions, results of regular determination pH in fermentation process also carrys out neutralise broth with 150g/L sodium thiosulfate, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/more than ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of actinomycetes fermentation liquor is: by strain inoculation in Gao Shi No. 1 medium (GA), main component is: soluble starch 20g, KNO31g, K2HPO40.5g, MgSO47H2O 0.5g, NaCl 0.5g, FeSO47H2O 0.01g, pH=7.4 ~ 7.6, water 1000ml expands cultivation, afterwards in same medium with 5% ~ 10% inoculum concentration control temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C in aerobic fermentation tank, pH7.0 ~ 7.6 fermented and cultured, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/more than ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of nitrifying bacteria zymotic fluid is: by nitrifying bacteria inoculation in the medium, culture medium prescription is: ammonium sulfate 0.5g, sodium chloride 0.3g, ferrous sulfate 0.03g, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 1g, magnesium sulfate 0.03g, CaCl
27.5g, distilled water 1000ml, in pH 7.5 ~ 8.0, cultivation is expanded 3 days under temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions, afterwards with 5% ~ 10% inoculum concentration control temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C in the aerobic large fermentation tank of same medium, pH7.5 ~ 8.0 fermented and cultured, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/more than ml, stops fermentation;
The weight ratio of described streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution, saccharomycetes to make fermentation liquid, fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid, Fermentation by Photosynthetic Bacteria liquid, actinomycetes fermentation liquor and nitrifying bacteria zymotic fluid is 1:1.2:4:3.5:2.2:2.5.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by strict production control links, can the generation of effectively pre-preventing disease and pest, significantly can increase the output of strawberry, and improve strawberry mouthfeel and strawberry aroma, namely ensure that the economic benefit at plantation family, in turn ensure that the sound development of strawberry cultivating industry.
Embodiment
Be described principle of the present invention and feature below in conjunction with embodiment, example, only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of strawberry cultivation method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) strawberry seedling damage by disease and insect prevention and control:
(1) nursery bed disinfection before sowing: with lime to the disinfecting soil in seedbed; Adopt rich selenium seedling medium, maternal plant field planting seeding row spacing 60 × 120 centimetres, seedling medium cladding thickness 15 centimetres; Described seedling medium is made up of the raw material of following weight kg: phosphate fertilizer 10g, urea 3kg, wormcast 50kg, seawood meal 2.5kg, aloe powder 4kg, radix aconiti agrestis powder 5kg, sodium metasilicate 2kg, alum powder 1kg, iron hydroxide 3kg, 6 ~ benzylaminopurine 0.5kg, carboxymethyl cellulose 0.8kg, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 1.1kg, white vitriol 1.3kg, ammonium molybdate 1.0kg, manganese sulphate 0.7kg, zinc sulphate 1.0kg and 500kg disinfection soil.
Described seedling medium is prepared from by the following method:
Prepare wormcast, adopt earthworm to clear up cow dung and produce wormcast, select one piece of moisture be 75% rectangle plot, wide 2m, long 30m, excavate the drain ditch of dark 40cm, wide 30cm in surrounding, build earthworm biological treatment bed, then stack the long pile shape cow dung of high 15cm, wide 25cm, long 2m, every bar piles up neatly 10cm of being separated by, and covers the primary matrix alive of earthworm that 3cm is thick, then inoculate earthworm, input amount is 0.4kg/m
2, make temperature control at 20 ~ 30 DEG C by sunshade or overlay film, the physicochemical character of routine observation material, after cow dung is fully cleared up by earthworm, is separated earthworm with wormcast, gathers wormcast;
Each raw material is taken by the part by weight of constitutive material, first seawood meal, aloe powder, radix aconiti agrestis powder, sodium metasilicate, alum powder are added suitable quantity of water mixing, be heated to 75 DEG C, be incubated 15 minutes, grind to form slurry, then add the wormcast of phosphate fertilizer, urea, above-mentioned preparation, mix, finally add other residual components, stir for subsequent use.
(2) the biological prevention and control of seedling stage diseases and pests: adopt biopesticide to carry out the control of damage by disease and insect, select herbal control insect pest;
(3) seedling dips in root process: strawberry seedling is before field planting, and seedling root adopts mass percentage to be the aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution of 10%, soaks 10 ~ 15min;
2) damage by disease and insect prevention and control in field planting Qian Peng room:
(1) the physics prevention and control of canopy room: before strawberry seedling field planting, fly net is set at canopy chamber ventilated mouth and door and window place, isolates extraneous insect;
(2) canopy chamber interior sterilization: adopt sulfur fumigation method to carry out disinfection to canopy chamber interior before strawberry seedling field planting;
(3) canopy room soil disinfection: the front white lime of strawberry seedling field planting or gypsum are to the disinfecting soil in canopy room;
3) damage by disease and insect prevention and control after planting seedlings:
(1) hang in canopy indoor after strawberry seedling field planting and lure worm colour table insect-killing trapping, and sulfurator is set carries out the pre-disease prevention of sulfur fumigation;
(2) strawberry selects plant material insect protected liquid to carry out insect protected vegetative period; Described plant material insect protected liquid is made up of following weight kg raw material: cloves 6kg, Chinese prickly ash 9kg, cogongrass rhizome 8kg, leek 3kg, garlic 7kg, coptis 12kg, lavender 8kg, rheum officinale 8kg, onion 12kg, ginger 7kg, dried rhizome of rehmannia 2kg, balloonflower root 8kg, capsule of weeping forsythia 13kg; Proportionally taking cloves, Chinese prickly ash, cogongrass rhizome, leek, garlic, the coptis, lavender, rheum officinale, onion, ginger, the dried rhizome of rehmannia, balloonflower root and capsule of weeping forsythia mixing adopts conventional flooding method to obtain leaching liquor, Extracting temperature is 85 DEG C, namely prepares plant material insect protected liquid by concentrated for leaching liquor.
(3) strawberry selects composite probiotics ferment liquid to carry out biological control disease vegetative period, and it specifically comprises the zymotic fluid of lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes and nitrifying bacteria.
The preparation of described composite probiotics ferment liquid comprises the following steps:
The production method of streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution is: in 1kg water, add brown sugar 0.5kg make solution, lactic acid bacteria culturers is added with 2% inoculum concentration, sealed fermenting in anaerobic fermentation tank, control fermentation temperature 28 ~ 35 DEG C, fermentation time 3 days, the liquid spawn activated is added second order fermentation tank sealed fermenting, second order fermentation liquid proportioning is: molasses 10%, amino acid 0.1%, vitamin 0.05% controls fermentation temperature 33 ~ 38 DEG C, fermentation time 3 days, inoculum concentration 5%, constantly molasses are added between yeast phase, treat that bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/ml, when pH is 4.2, stop fermentation,
The production method of saccharomycetes to make fermentation liquid is: expand being inoculated into bacterial classification in saccharomycete in zymotic fluid, the formula of zymotic fluid is: 50g/L, urea (NH
4)
2sO
41g/L, KH
2pO
42.5g/L Na
2hPO
40.5g/L, MgSO
41g/L, FeSO
40.1g/L, yeast extract 0.5g/L, rose-bengal 0.03g/L, pH4.5 ~ 5.0, sealed fermenting in aerobic fermentation tank, controls fermentation temperature 25 ~ 28 DEG C, fermentation time 2 days, the liquid spawn activated is added the fermentation of secondary aerobic fermentation tank, second order fermentation liquid proportioning is: moyashi 100g/L, glucose 50g/L, pH nature, controls fermentation temperature 25 ~ 28 DEG C, fermentation time 3 days, inoculum concentration 5%, constantly adds glucose between yeast phase, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid is: be seeded to by bacillus subtilis in medium, culture medium prescription is: peptone 2%, yeast extract 0.5%, sodium chloride 1%, nature pH, is placed in 37 DEG C, seed fermentation tank and cultivates after 2 days, access fermentation medium, culture medium prescription is: sucrose 1%, peptone 1%, sodium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, in natural pH, inoculum concentration 5%%, temperature 35 ~ 37 DEG C, constantly adds sucrose between yeast phase, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of Fermentation by Photosynthetic Bacteria liquid is: be seeded to by photosynthetic bacteria in yeast extract protein culture medium, basic recipe is: CaCL
20.3g, MgSO
47H
2o 0.5g, yeast extract 3g, peptone 3g, distilled water 1000ml, adjustment pH 6.8, in cultivation temperature: 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, intensity of illumination: 2000LX, lower cultivation 3 days, afterwards in aerobic fermentation tank with the inoculum concentration of 15%, temperature 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, intensity of illumination: cultivate under 2000LX, pH:7.5 condition, results of regular determination pH in fermentation process also carrys out neutralise broth with 150g/L sodium thiosulfate, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/more than ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of actinomycetes fermentation liquor is: by strain inoculation in Gao Shi No. 1 medium (GA), main component is: soluble starch 20g, KNO31g, K2HPO40.5g, MgSO47H2O 0.5g, NaCl 0.5g, FeSO47H2O 0.01g, pH=7.4, water 1000ml expands cultivation, afterwards in same medium with 5% inoculum concentration control temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C in aerobic fermentation tank, pH7.0 ~ 7.6 fermented and cultured, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/more than ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of nitrifying bacteria zymotic fluid is: by nitrifying bacteria inoculation in the medium, culture medium prescription is: ammonium sulfate 0.5g, sodium chloride 0.3g, ferrous sulfate 0.03g, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 1g, magnesium sulfate 0.03g, CaCl
27.5g, distilled water 1000ml, in pH 7.5, expand cultivation 3 days under temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions, afterwards with 5% inoculum concentration control temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C in the aerobic large fermentation tank of same medium, pH7.5 fermented and cultured, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/more than ml, stop fermentation;
The part by weight of described streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution, saccharomycetes to make fermentation liquid, fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid, Fermentation by Photosynthetic Bacteria liquid, actinomycetes fermentation liquor and nitrifying bacteria zymotic fluid is 1:1.2:4:3.5:2.2:2.5.
Embodiment 2
A kind of strawberry cultivation method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) strawberry seedling damage by disease and insect prevention and control:
(1) nursery bed disinfection before sowing: with lime to the disinfecting soil in seedbed; Adopt rich selenium seedling medium, maternal plant field planting seeding row spacing 60 × 120 centimetres, seedling medium cladding thickness 15 centimetres; Described seedling medium is made up of the raw material of following weight kg: phosphate fertilizer 12kg, urea 8kg, wormcast 80kg, seawood meal 3kg, aloe powder 5kg, radix aconiti agrestis powder 7kg, sodium metasilicate 3kg, alum powder 3kg, iron hydroxide 4kg, 6 ~ benzylaminopurine 0.7kg, carboxymethyl cellulose 1kg, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 1.3kg, white vitriol 1.5kg, ammonium molybdate 1.2kg, manganese sulphate 0.8kg, zinc sulphate 1.2kg and 600kg disinfection soil.
Described seedling medium is prepared from by the following method:
Prepare wormcast, adopt earthworm to clear up cow dung and produce wormcast, select one piece of moisture be 70%% rectangle plot, wide 5m, long 50m, excavate the drain ditch of dark 50cm, wide 40cm in surrounding, build earthworm biological treatment bed, then stack the long pile shape cow dung of high 20cm, wide 35cm, long 3m, every bar piles up neatly 15cm of being separated by, and covers the primary matrix alive of earthworm that 5cm is thick, then inoculate earthworm, input amount is 0.5kg/m
2, make temperature control at 20 ~ 30 DEG C by sunshade or overlay film, the physicochemical character of routine observation material, after cow dung is fully cleared up by earthworm, is separated earthworm with wormcast, gathers wormcast;
Each raw material is taken by the part by weight of constitutive material, first seawood meal, aloe powder, radix aconiti agrestis powder, sodium metasilicate, alum powder are added suitable quantity of water mixing, be heated to 80 DEG C, be incubated 15 minutes, grind to form slurry, then add the wormcast of phosphate fertilizer, urea, above-mentioned preparation, mix, finally add other residual components, stir for subsequent use.
(2) the biological prevention and control of seedling stage diseases and pests: adopt biopesticide to carry out the control of damage by disease and insect, select herbal control insect pest;
(3) seedling dips in root process: strawberry seedling is before field planting, and seedling root adopts mass percentage to be the aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution of 10%, soaks 10 ~ 15min;
2) damage by disease and insect prevention and control in field planting Qian Peng room:
(1) the physics prevention and control of canopy room: before strawberry seedling field planting, fly net is set at canopy chamber ventilated mouth and door and window place, isolates extraneous insect;
(2) canopy chamber interior sterilization: adopt sulfur fumigation method to carry out disinfection to canopy chamber interior before strawberry seedling field planting;
(3) canopy room soil disinfection: the front white lime of strawberry seedling field planting or gypsum are to the disinfecting soil in canopy room;
3) damage by disease and insect prevention and control after planting seedlings:
(1) hang in canopy indoor after strawberry seedling field planting and lure worm colour table insect-killing trapping, and sulfurator is set carries out the pre-disease prevention of sulfur fumigation;
(2) strawberry selects plant material insect protected liquid to carry out insect protected vegetative period; Described plant material insect protected liquid is made up of following weight kg raw material: cloves 7kg, Chinese prickly ash 10kg, cogongrass rhizome 10kg, leek 4kg, garlic 9kg, coptis 15kg, lavender 15kg, rheum officinale 10kg, onion 14kg, ginger 9kg, dried rhizome of rehmannia 5kg, balloonflower root 9kg, capsule of weeping forsythia 15kg;
Proportionally taking cloves, Chinese prickly ash, cogongrass rhizome, leek, garlic, the coptis, lavender, rheum officinale, onion, ginger, the dried rhizome of rehmannia, balloonflower root and capsule of weeping forsythia mixing adopts conventional flooding method to obtain leaching liquor, Extracting temperature is 80 ~ 85 DEG C, namely prepares plant material insect protected liquid by concentrated for leaching liquor;
(3) strawberry selects composite probiotics ferment liquid to carry out biological control disease vegetative period, and it specifically comprises the zymotic fluid of lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes and nitrifying bacteria.
The preparation of described composite probiotics ferment liquid comprises the following steps:
The production method of streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution is: in 1kg water, add brown sugar 0.5 ~ 0.8kg make solution, , lactic acid bacteria culturers is added with 2% inoculum concentration, sealed fermenting in anaerobic fermentation tank, control fermentation temperature 28 ~ 35 DEG C, fermentation time 7 days, the liquid spawn activated is added second order fermentation tank sealed fermenting, second order fermentation liquid proportioning is: molasses 10%, amino acid 0.5%, vitamin 1% controls fermentation temperature 33 ~ 38 DEG C, fermentation time 7 days, inoculum concentration 5% ~ 10%, constantly molasses are added between yeast phase, treat that bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/ml, when pH is 4.2, stop fermentation,
The production method of saccharomycetes to make fermentation liquid is: expand being inoculated into bacterial classification in saccharomycete in zymotic fluid, the formula of zymotic fluid is: 50g/L, urea (NH
4)
2sO
41g/L, KH
2pO
42.5g/L Na
2hPO
40.5g/L, MgSO
41g/L, FeSO
40.1g/L, yeast extract 0.5g/L, rose-bengal 0.03g/L, pH4.5 ~ 5.0, sealed fermenting in aerobic fermentation tank, controls fermentation temperature 25 ~ 28 DEG C, fermentation time 3 days, the liquid spawn activated is added the fermentation of secondary aerobic fermentation tank, second order fermentation liquid proportioning is: moyashi 100g/L, glucose 50g/L, pH nature, control fermentation temperature 25 ~ 28 DEG C, fermentation time 5 days, inoculum concentration 5% ~ 10%, constantly adds glucose between yeast phase, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid is: be seeded to by bacillus subtilis in medium, culture medium prescription is: peptone 2%, yeast extract 0.5%, sodium chloride 1%, nature pH, is placed in 37 DEG C, seed fermentation tank and cultivates after 2 days, access fermentation medium, culture medium prescription is: sucrose 1%, peptone 1%, sodium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, in natural pH, inoculum concentration 5% ~ 10%, temperature 35 ~ 37 DEG C, constantly adds sucrose between yeast phase, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of Fermentation by Photosynthetic Bacteria liquid is: be seeded to by photosynthetic bacteria in yeast extract protein culture medium, basic recipe is: CaCL
20.3g, MgSO
47H
2o 0.5g, yeast extract 3g, peptone 3g, distilled water 1000ml, adjustment pH 6.8, in cultivation temperature: 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, intensity of illumination: 5000LX, lower cultivation 3 days, afterwards in aerobic fermentation tank with the inoculum concentration of 15%, temperature 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, intensity of illumination: cultivate under 5000LX, pH:8.5 condition, results of regular determination pH in fermentation process also carrys out neutralise broth with 150g/L sodium thiosulfate, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/more than ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of actinomycetes fermentation liquor is: by strain inoculation in Gao Shi No. 1 medium (GA), main component is: soluble starch 20g, KNO31g, K2HPO40.5g, MgSO47H2O 0.5g, NaCl 0.5g, FeSO47H2O 0.01g, pH=7.6, water 1000ml expands cultivation, afterwards in same medium with 5% ~ 10% inoculum concentration control temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C in aerobic fermentation tank, pH7.0 ~ 7.6 fermented and cultured, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/more than ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of nitrifying bacteria zymotic fluid is: by nitrifying bacteria inoculation in the medium, culture medium prescription is: ammonium sulfate 0.5g, sodium chloride 0.3g, ferrous sulfate 0.03g, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 1g, magnesium sulfate 0.03g, CaCl
27.5g, distilled water 1000ml, in pH 8.0, expand cultivation 3 days under temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions, afterwards with 5% ~ 10% inoculum concentration control temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C in the aerobic large fermentation tank of same medium, pH8.0 fermented and cultured, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/more than ml, stop fermentation;
The part by weight of described streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution, saccharomycetes to make fermentation liquid, fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid, Fermentation by Photosynthetic Bacteria liquid, actinomycetes fermentation liquor and nitrifying bacteria zymotic fluid is 1:1.2:4:3.5:2.2:2.5.
The preventing control method of strawberry damage by disease and insect of the present invention is the primary source and route of transmission that occur according to strawberry damage by disease and insect, and according to common disease and pest on strawberry production, as powdery mildew, two spotted spider mite, the occurrence characteristics such as aphid, adopt environment friendly and pollution-free method process canopy room and soil, utilize physical method and bio-fermented liquid and medicine based on herbs to carry out prevention and control to sick worm,, to realize the organic production of strawberry.After using the preventing control method of facility strawberry damage by disease and insect of the present invention, strawberry damage by disease and insect Probability obviously reduces, the incidence of damage by disease and insect can be reduced within 12% by 75 ~ 85% by nursery soil sterilization, seedling carries out dipping in root process and can be down within 10% by 30% by the incidence of damage by disease and insect, originally organic production strawberry per mu yield about 1800 kilograms, produces by new technology, per mu yield 2200 ~ 2400 kilograms, strawberry volume increase 4.8% ~ 7.4%, mu increases income 0.73 ~ 1.37 ten thousand yuan.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a strawberry cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) strawberry seedling damage by disease and insect prevention and control:
(1) nursery bed disinfection before sowing: with lime to the disinfecting soil in seedbed, adopt rich selenium seedling medium, maternal plant field planting seeding row spacing 60 × 120 centimetres, seedling medium cladding thickness 15 centimetres, described seedling medium is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 10 ~ 12 parts, phosphate fertilizer, 3 ~ 8 parts, urea, wormcast 50 ~ 80 parts, seawood meal 2.5 ~ 3 parts, aloe powder 4 ~ 5 parts, 5 ~ 7 parts, radix aconiti agrestis powder, sodium metasilicate 2 ~ 3 parts, alum powder 1 ~ 3 part, iron hydroxide 3 ~ 4 parts, 6 ~ benzylaminopurine 0.5 ~ 0.7 part, carboxymethyl cellulose 0.8 ~ 1 part, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 1.1 ~ 1.3 parts, white vitriol 1.3 ~ 1.5 parts, ammonium molybdate 1.0 ~ 1.2 parts, manganese sulphate 0.7 ~ 0.8 part, 1.0 ~ 1.2 parts, zinc sulphate and 500 ~ 600 parts of disinfection soils.
(2) the biological prevention and control of seedling stage diseases and pests: adopt biopesticide to carry out the control of damage by disease and insect, select herbal control insect pest;
(3) seedling dips in root process: strawberry seedling is before field planting, and seedling root adopts mass percentage to be the aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution of 10%, soaks 10 ~ 15min;
2) damage by disease and insect prevention and control in field planting Qian Peng room:
(1) the physics prevention and control of canopy room: before strawberry seedling field planting, fly net is set at canopy chamber ventilated mouth and door and window place, isolates extraneous insect;
(2) canopy chamber interior sterilization: adopt sulfur fumigation method to carry out disinfection to canopy chamber interior before strawberry seedling field planting;
(3) canopy room soil disinfection: the front white lime of strawberry seedling field planting or gypsum are to the disinfecting soil in canopy room;
3) damage by disease and insect prevention and control after planting seedlings:
(1) hang in canopy indoor after strawberry seedling field planting and lure worm colour table insect-killing trapping, and sulfurator is set carries out the pre-disease prevention of sulfur fumigation;
(2) strawberry selects plant material insect protected liquid to carry out insect protected vegetative period; Described plant material insect protected liquid is made up of following raw material: cloves 6 ~ 7 parts, 9 ~ 10 parts, Chinese prickly ash, cogongrass rhizome 8 ~ 10 parts, 3 ~ 4 parts, leek, 7 ~ 9 parts, garlic, the coptis 12 ~ 15 parts, lavender 8 ~ 15 parts, rheum officinale 8 ~ 10 parts, onion 12 ~ 14 parts, 7 ~ 9 parts, ginger, 2 ~ 5 parts, the dried rhizome of rehmannia, balloonflower root 8 ~ 9 parts, the capsule of weeping forsythia 13 ~ 15 parts;
(3) strawberry selects composite probiotics ferment liquid to carry out biological control disease vegetative period, and it specifically comprises the zymotic fluid of lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes and nitrifying bacteria.
2. a kind of strawberry cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described seedling medium is prepared from by the following method:
Step 1) prepare wormcast, adopt earthworm to clear up cow dung and produce wormcast, select one piece of moisture be 70% ~ 75% rectangle plot, wide 2 ~ 5m, long 30 ~ 50m, in the drain ditch of the dark 40 ~ 50cm of surrounding excavation, wide 30 ~ 40cm, build earthworm biological treatment bed, then the long pile shape cow dung of high 15 ~ 20cm, wide 25 ~ 35cm, long 2 ~ 3m is stacked, every bar piles up neatly 10 ~ 15cm of being separated by, cover the primary matrix alive of earthworm that 3 ~ 5cm is thick, then inoculate earthworm, input amount is 0.4 ~ 0.5kg/m
2, make temperature control at 20 ~ 30 DEG C by sunshade or overlay film, the physicochemical character of routine observation material, after cow dung is fully cleared up by earthworm, is separated earthworm with wormcast, gathers wormcast;
Step (2) takes each raw material by the weight portion of constitutive material, first seawood meal, aloe powder, radix aconiti agrestis powder, sodium metasilicate, alum powder are added suitable quantity of water mixing, be heated to 75 ~ 80 DEG C, be incubated 15 minutes, grind to form slurry, then add phosphate fertilizer, wormcast prepared by urea, step (1), mix, finally add other residual components, stir for subsequent use.
3. a kind of strawberry cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described plant material insect protected liquid is prepared from by the following method, proportionally taking cloves, Chinese prickly ash, cogongrass rhizome, leek, garlic, the coptis, lavender, rheum officinale, onion, ginger, the dried rhizome of rehmannia, balloonflower root and capsule of weeping forsythia mixing adopts conventional flooding method to obtain leaching liquor, Extracting temperature is 80 ~ 85 DEG C, namely prepares plant material insect protected liquid by concentrated for leaching liquor
4. a kind of strawberry cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the preparation of described composite probiotics ferment liquid comprises the following steps:
The production method of streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution is: in 1kg water, add brown sugar 0.5 ~ 0.8kg make solution, , lactic acid bacteria culturers is added with 2% inoculum concentration, sealed fermenting in anaerobic fermentation tank, control fermentation temperature 28 ~ 35 DEG C, fermentation time 3 ~ 7 days, the liquid spawn activated is added second order fermentation tank sealed fermenting, second order fermentation liquid proportioning is: molasses 10%, amino acid 0.1% ~ 0.5%, vitamin 0.05%-1% controls fermentation temperature 33 ~ 38 DEG C, fermentation time 3 ~ 7 days, inoculum concentration 5% ~ 10%, constantly molasses are added between yeast phase, treat that bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/ml, when pH is 4.2, stop fermentation,
The production method of saccharomycetes to make fermentation liquid is: expand being inoculated into bacterial classification in saccharomycete in zymotic fluid, the formula of zymotic fluid is: 50g/L, urea (NH
4)
2sO
41g/L, KH
2pO
42.5g/L Na
2hPO
40.5g/L, MgSO
41g/L, FeSO
40.1g/L, yeast extract 0.5g/L, rose-bengal 0.03g/L, pH4.5 ~ 5.0, sealed fermenting in aerobic fermentation tank, controls fermentation temperature 25 ~ 28 DEG C, fermentation time 2 ~ 3 days, the liquid spawn activated is added the fermentation of secondary aerobic fermentation tank, second order fermentation liquid proportioning is: moyashi 100g/L, glucose 50g/L, pH nature, control fermentation temperature 25 ~ 28 DEG C, fermentation time 3 ~ 5 days, inoculum concentration 5% ~ 10%, constantly adds glucose between yeast phase, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid is: be seeded to by bacillus subtilis in medium, culture medium prescription is: peptone 2%, yeast extract 0.5%, sodium chloride 1%, nature pH, is placed in 37 DEG C, seed fermentation tank and cultivates after 1 ~ 2 day, access fermentation medium, culture medium prescription is: sucrose 1%, peptone 1%, sodium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, in natural pH, inoculum concentration 5% ~ 10%, temperature 35 ~ 37 DEG C, constantly adds sucrose between yeast phase, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of Fermentation by Photosynthetic Bacteria liquid is: be seeded to by photosynthetic bacteria in yeast extract protein culture medium, basic recipe is: CaCL
20.3g, MgSO
47H
2o0.5g, yeast extract 3g, peptone 3g, distilled water 1000ml, adjustment pH6.8, in cultivation temperature: 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, intensity of illumination: 2000LX ~ 5000LX, lower cultivation 3 days, afterwards in aerobic fermentation tank with the inoculum concentration of 15%, temperature 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, intensity of illumination: cultivate under 2000LX ~ 5000LX, pH:7.5 ~ 8.5 conditions, results of regular determination pH in fermentation process also carrys out neutralise broth with 150g/L sodium thiosulfate, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/more than ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of actinomycetes fermentation liquor is: by strain inoculation in Gao Shi No. 1 medium (GA), main component is: soluble starch 20g, KNO3 1g, K2HPO4 0.5g, MgSO47H2O0.5g, NaCl0.5g, FeSO47H2O0.01g, pH=7.4 ~ 7.6, water 1000ml expands cultivation, afterwards in same medium with 5% ~ 10% inoculum concentration control temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C in aerobic fermentation tank, pH7.0 ~ 7.6 fermented and cultured, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/more than ml, stop fermentation;
The production method of nitrifying bacteria zymotic fluid is: by nitrifying bacteria inoculation in the medium, culture medium prescription is: ammonium sulfate 0.5g, sodium chloride 0.3g, ferrous sulfate 0.03g, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 1g, magnesium sulfate 0.03g, CaCl
27.5g, distilled water 1000ml, in pH7.5 ~ 8.0, cultivation is expanded 3 days under temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions, afterwards with 5% ~ 10% inoculum concentration control temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C in the aerobic large fermentation tank of same medium, pH7.5 ~ 8.0 fermented and cultured, when bacterial classification concentration reaches 300,000,000/more than ml, stops fermentation;
The weight ratio of described streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution, saccharomycetes to make fermentation liquid, fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid, Fermentation by Photosynthetic Bacteria liquid, actinomycetes fermentation liquor and nitrifying bacteria zymotic fluid is 1:1.2:4:3.5:2.2:2.5.
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| CN105191635A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-30 | 周建志 | Indoor cultivation technology for strawberries |
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| CN105941824A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-09-21 | 米易县兴鹏生物工程有限责任公司 | Traditional Chinese medicine microbial probiotic original liquid, feed, fertilizer and pesticide, and preparation methods thereof |
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| CN106508388A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-03-22 | 江苏丘陵地区南京农业科学研究所 | Strawberry container nursery method |
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| CN107580992A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-01-16 | 界首市四季旺家庭农场 | A kind of implantation methods for improving yield of strawberry |
| CN107896751A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-13 | 李德新 | A kind of preventing disease and pest method of strawberry seedling |
| CN108064680A (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2018-05-25 | 广州汇圣森丰农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of black tomato ciltivating process rich in various trace elements |
| CN109089783A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-28 | 荣广磊 | The method for improving strawberry plants kind fast breeding |
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| CN105191635A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-30 | 周建志 | Indoor cultivation technology for strawberries |
| CN105493997A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-20 | 安徽省康之源农业科技有限公司 | Nuisanceless strawberry anthracnose prevention and treatment method |
| CN105859354B (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2019-06-21 | 山东宝源生物科技股份有限公司 | Improve the water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid and the preparation method and application thereof of strawberry Se content |
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| CN106508388A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-03-22 | 江苏丘陵地区南京农业科学研究所 | Strawberry container nursery method |
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| CN109744126A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-14 | 南京富一农业科技有限公司 | A kind of strawberry seedling cultivates nutrient matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN112262716A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-01-26 | 咸阳职业技术学院 | Strawberry continuous cropping pest control method |
| CN113207662A (en) * | 2021-05-15 | 2021-08-06 | 上海金相环境科技有限公司 | Process for cultivating dendrobium officinale and bletilla striata by adopting nano-micron bubble water |
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