CN103004471A - Method for eliminating facility cultivated vegetable continuous cropping obstacle and application of method - Google Patents
Method for eliminating facility cultivated vegetable continuous cropping obstacle and application of method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for eliminating facility cultivated vegetable continuous cropping obstacles and application of the method. The method for eliminating facility cultivated vegetable continuous cropping obstacles comprises the following steps of: after facility cultivated vegetables are harvested, filling water in a vegetable facility cultivation field at field temporary spare time in spring, summer and autumn, simultaneously adding a proper quantity of ferrous sulfate, stacking and soaking crop straws in the water, adding a small quantity of unslaked lime for fermentation, covering the field with films or sealing a greenhouse after four weeks, suffocating the greenhouse at high temperature by filling water, fermenting the crop straw for 7-14 days, uncovering the films, fully draining the water accumulated in the vegetable cultivation field in the greenhouse, inoculating edible mushrooms such as straw mushrooms and shiitake on the stacked and fermented crop straw, and harvesting the edible mushrooms after approximate 20-30 days. The method is mainly applied to the planting of melons, fruits and vegetables such as hot peppers, cucumbers and tomatoes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, particularly eliminate method and the application of facility cultivation gourd, fruit and vegetable continuous cropping obstacle.
Background technology
In the melon-fruit-like vegetable, capsicum, green pepper, watermelon, tomato and cucumber occupy very consequence in the vegetables of China produce, every Annual planting area is inferior ten thousand mu of 1500-3000, because economic benefit is high, shortage of land resource, thereby tomato, cucumber, watermelon, the capsicum continuous cropping is very serious, the soil can not get recovering, Soil fertility exhaustion, and soil physical and chemical property degenerates, pedo relict affects the allelochemical of plant growth and in a large number from poisonous substance matter, microecosystem wrecks, the continuous cropping watermelon, tomato, capsicum, cucumber growth is obstructed, easily morbidity, cause a large amount of underproduction, quality descends, the orchard worker, vegetable grower's economic benefit descends; Because vegetable growth is not prosperous, take on morbit forms simultaneously, the vegetable grower uses chemical pesticide and chemical fertilizer in a large number, causes environmental pollution and gourd, fruit and vegetable Pesticide Residues, affects health.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that solves:The present invention is directed to the problem that facility cultivation gourd, fruit and vegetable class continuous cropping obstacle takes place frequently, develop a kind of simple method, a kind of method and application of eliminating the facility cultivation obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping is provided, this is in facility (booth) culturing vegetable melon and fruit harvest time, utilize of short duration time out, the vexed canopy of high temperature of pouring water in the field, with the soaked retting of agricultural crop straw, utilize hot fermentation simultaneously, kill in a large number the harmful microorganism in the continuous cropping soil, decompose the allelochemical of the plant secretion in the continuous cropping soil and from poisonous substance matter, improvement and raising soil productivity promote plant growth, suppress the generation of damage by disease and insect, reduce the generation of continuous cropping obstacle, recover the microecological balance in the facility cultivation soil, environmental contamination reduction improves crop quality, improve crop yield, increase the peasant economy benefit.
Technical scheme:A kind of method of eliminating the facility cultivation obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping, production stage is: after facility cultivation vegetables results, build stalk all around in the field and pour water, so that more than the surface water layer depth 10cm of field; Use the ferrous sulfate of 50-1000g/ mu on the cultivating facility earth's surface of waterflooding, and evenly distribute; Agricultural crop straw is cut into the long stalk section of 20～25cm, and tiling is stacked in the water, and per 1000 kilograms of stalks spread fertilizer over the fields the fermentation of 3.5-5 kilogram of raw lime promotion crops straw in the process of banking up; For cultivating facility covers the plastic film sealing, after spring and autumn process 15-25 days or 7-14 days summer, crops straw is banked up to ferment and is finished, and it is ventilated to open film, draining; Crops straw after the fermentation is banked up into haystack again, the long 2.5-5 rice of each haystack, wide 1-4 rice, high 1-2 rice, per 1000 kilograms of haystacks spread fertilizer over the fields the 1-5 kg urea when banking up, and the inoculation edible fungus species keeps haystack humidity 30-60%; After the inoculation 20-40 days, can adopt mushroom results, can continue planting vegetable after gathering in the crops continuously the 2-3 stubble, perhaps crops straw is stacked in the edge of a field plantation edible mushroom, and the ground in the facility can direct planting vegetable after air-dry 5-10 days.
Must be immediately with field ponding venting after crops straw is banked up fermentation ends in the described method, and free ventilation 5-10 days.
Described agricultural crop straw is wheat or rice straw.
The application of the method for above-mentioned elimination facility cultivation obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping on plantation capsicum, cucumber, watermelon, tomato, custard squash or reed wormwood artemisia.
Beneficial effect:The present invention can kill the harmful microorganism in the facility cultivation melon-fruit-like vegetable continuous cropping obstacle soil, decomposes the allelochemical of plant secretion in the soil and from poisonous substance matter; Agricultural crop straw can be carried out the biological transformation regeneration and produce edible mushroom.
The present invention can suppress or kill the pernicious bacteria in the soil in a large number, such as the Fusarium in the aerobic fungi, aspergillus, pythium, Phytophthora etc., improve soil microenvironment, promote the beneficial microorganism growth, reduce the generation of facility cultivation melon-fruit-like vegetable disease, slow with the root growth that other disease causes because of long-term continuous cropping continuous cropping to crop, plant is short and small, withered and yellow, fallen leaves, the physiological disease such as fallen flowers, shedding and insect pest have control efficiency.
Utilize the time out of facility cultivation melon-fruit-like vegetable results among the present invention, mainly in summer and autumn, outside air temperature is high, and overlay film around the facility seals after pouring water simultaneously, both caused anaerobism kill harmful microorganism, simultaneously since in the high temperature booth in summer water temperature reach more than 75 ℃) the continuous high temperature sterilization that raises and cause, can the killing living thalline, can kill again the spore of dormancy, create simultaneously the environment of height anaerobism and high temperature, have the double sterilization effect.The continuous high temperature vexed canopy of pouring water has also activated the inorganic nutrients in the soil in addition, promotes the decomposition and inversion of soil indissoluble nutrient.
The present invention utilizes fermenting crops straws to produce edible mushroom, and the pollution problem that has solved agricultural crop straw, alleviated again the facility cultivation soil continuous cropping obstacle, improve soil organic fertilizer and soil fertility, increased simultaneously peasant's income, realize the dual purpose of ecological agriculture circulation and increasing peasant income, be conducive to the soil sustainable development.
The following beneficial effect that the present invention has compared to existing technology:
1) high temperature that adopts among the present invention vexed canopy technology of pouring water can suppress soil-borne disease, improves and maintenance prevention cultivation agricultural land soil micro-ecological environment the decomposition and inversion of indissoluble nutrient in the promotion soil.
2) high temperature that adopts of invention pours water that vexed canopy technology can be decomposed the residual allelochemical of plant secretion in the continuous cropping obstacle soil and from poisonous substance matter, reduces allelochemical and from the adverse effect of poisonous substance confrontation continuous cropping vegetable growth, promotes plant growth.
3) the present invention adopts the agricultural crop straw fermenting and producing edible mushroom of banking up, except the environmental pollution that can solve agricultural crop straw, also improve the soil organic matter and soil fertility and organic matter, improved soil nodule structure, be conducive to agricultural sustainable development, increase farmers' income simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the technology of the present invention is processed behind the continuous cropping obstacle soil impact on cucumber growth.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with example:
Embodiment 1:
1) June after Plastic Greenhouse Tomato Cultivation In Relation results, remove tomato stubble in the field, to bank up on the earth's surface and grow 5 meters, wide 3 meters, high 1 meter wheat straw or stack of rice straw, straw or wheat straw are cut into 20 centimeter length; Per 1000 kilograms of stalks are admixed 5 kilogram of raw lime in the haystack process of banking up;
2) build a dam around booth, 20 centimetres of heights of dam are poured water, and make the interior earth's surface of the canopy water surface exceed 10 centimetres on earth's surface, and it are substantially constant to keep the water surface, and 50 g/acres ferrous sulfate is used on the earth's surface, simultaneously haystack is soaked in the water, detains canopy all around, and sealing was exposed to the sun under the sun 10 days;
3) after 10 days, open booth, ventilated, ponding between drained field, with the haystack turning, per 1000 kilograms of haystacks are evenly admixed 2 kg urea after 7 days, keep haystack humidity 50%, the inoculation straw mushroom;
4) adularescent after 10 days/Secotium agaricoides (Czern) Hollos flower bud occurs, and ties mushroom after 25 days, can gather; Continuous cropping tomato can be directly continued in the plot behind the plantation straw mushroom.
?
Embodiment 2:
1) May after greenhouse cultivation cucumber results, remove cucumber stubble in the field, to bank up on the earth's surface and grow 3 meters, wide 4 meters, high 1.2 meters stack of rice straw, straw is cut into 25 centimeter length; Per 1000 kilograms of stalks are admixed 3.5 kilogram of raw lime in the haystack process of banking up;
2) build a dam around booth, 20 centimetres of heights of dam are poured water, and make the interior earth's surface of the canopy water surface exceed 10 centimetres on earth's surface, and it is substantially constant often to keep the water surface, and 500 g/acres ferrous sulfate is used on the earth's surface, simultaneously haystack is soaked in the water, detain canopy all around, sealing was exposed to the sun under the sun 14 days;
3) after 14 days, open booth, ventilated, ponding between drained field, with the haystack turning, per 1000 kilograms of haystacks are evenly admixed 5 kg urea after 10 days, keep haystack humidity 40%, the inoculation straw mushroom;
4) adularescent mushroom flower bud occurs after 10 days, ties mushroom after 25 days, can gather; Continuous cropping cucumber can be directly continued in the plot behind the plantation straw mushroom.
?
Embodiment 3
1) late August after greenhouse cultivation watermelon results, remove watermelon melon stubble in the field, to bank up on the earth's surface and grow 2.5 meters, wide 3.5 meters, high 1.5 meters stack of rice straw, rice straw is cut into 25 centimeter length; Per 1000 kilograms of stalks are admixed 5 kilogram of raw lime in the haystack process of banking up;
2) build a dam around booth, 20 centimetres of heights of dam are poured water, and make the interior earth's surface of the canopy water surface exceed 10 centimetres on earth's surface, and it is substantially constant often to keep the water surface, and 1000 g/acres ferrous sulfate is used on the earth's surface, simultaneously haystack is soaked in the water, detain canopy all around, sealing was exposed to the sun under the sun 12 days;
3) after 12 days, open booth, ventilated, ponding between drained field, with the haystack turning, per 1000 kilograms of haystacks are evenly admixed 3 kg urea after 14 days, keep haystack humidity 60%, the inoculation straw mushroom;
4) adularescent mushroom flower bud occurs after 12 days, ties mushroom after 28 days, can gather; The continuous cropping watermelon can be directly continued in the plot behind the plantation straw mushroom.
?
Application example of the present invention:
The technology of the present invention is used for tomato in plastic greenhouse, cucumber.
1, in the tomato booth of continuous cropping more than 5 years, plants tomato, June after the tomato in plastic greenhouse results, adopt the technology of the present invention to process continuous cropping obstacle soil conventional method plantation tomato, the comparable continuous cropping field contrast of not adopting the technology of the present invention to process improves more than the tomato seedling survival rate 10-30%, plant height increases by 10%, volume increase 30-65%, the bacterial wilt incidence of disease descends about 70%;
2, under the indoor pot experiment condition, gather the cucumber plastic shed soil of continuous cropping more than 5 years, indoor employing the technology of the present invention is processed continuous cropping obstacle soil, the plantation cucumber, transplant after 50 days, the plant plant height increases 20-35% than the soil contrast of not adopting this invention to process, and biomass (plant complete stool fresh weight) contrast increases 35-45% and do not wait the quantity contrast decline 80-90%(Fig. 1 such as Fusarium, pythium, Phytophthora bacterium).
Claims (4)
1. method of eliminating the facility cultivation obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping is characterized in that production stage is:
A. after facility cultivation vegetables results, build stalk all around in the field and pour water, so that more than the surface water layer depth 10cm of field;
B. use the ferrous sulfate of 50-1000g/ mu on the cultivating facility earth's surface of waterflooding, and evenly distribute;
C. agricultural crop straw is cut into the long stalk section of 20～25cm, tiling is stacked in the water, and per 1000 kilograms of stalks spread fertilizer over the fields the fermentation of 3.5-5 kilogram of raw lime promotion crops straw in the process of banking up;
D. for cultivating facility covers the plastic film sealing, after spring and autumn process 15-25 days or 7-14 days summer, crops straw is banked up to ferment and is finished, and it is ventilated to open film, draining;
E. the crops straw after will fermenting is banked up into haystack again, the long 2.5-5 rice of each haystack, wide 1-4 rice, high 1-2 rice, and per 1000 kilograms of haystacks spread fertilizer over the fields the 1-5 kg urea when banking up, and the inoculation edible fungus species keeps haystack humidity 30-60%;
F. after the inoculation 20-40 days, can adopt mushroom results, can continue planting vegetable after gathering in the crops continuously the 2-3 stubble, perhaps crops straw is stacked in the edge of a field plantation edible mushroom, and the ground in the facility can direct planting vegetable after air-dry 5-10 days.
2. the method for described elimination facility cultivation obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in the described method must be immediately with field ponding venting after crops straw is banked up fermentation ends, and freely ventilates and be exposed to the sun 5-10 days.
3. the method for described elimination facility cultivation obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping according to claim 1 is characterized in that described agricultural crop straw is wheat or rice straw.
4. the application of the method for the described elimination facility cultivation of above-mentioned arbitrary claim obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping on plantation capsicum, green pepper, cucumber, watermelon, muskmelon, tomato, leek, garlic, onion, cowpea, custard squash or reed wormwood artemisia.
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| CN103843568A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-06-11 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Crop rotation planting method for preventing successive cropping obstacles of solar greenhouse cucumbers |
| CN104521401A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-04-22 | 麻城市蔬菜技术推广站 | Returning-to-field treatment technology for green stalks of peppers planted in greenhouse |
| CN104541845A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-29 | 太和县马集乡李胜村树森种植专业合作社 | Cultivation method for multi-cropping watermelon |
| CN104756839A (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2015-07-08 | 西北农林科技大学 | Tomato seedling breeding matrix using tomato straws as raw material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104969751A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-14 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Rotation cropping method for increasing yield of later crop cucumbers on conditions of greenhouse soil continuous cropping |
| CN104969752A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-14 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Rice field-upland field rotation culturing method aiming at continuous cropping soil of solar greenhouse |
| CN104996121A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-28 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Cultivation method for improving afterculture cucumber quality under continuous cropping condition of greenhouse soil |
| CN105052466A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 淮阴工学院 | Method of crop rotation of cayenne peppers and green soy beans after autumn delay for eliminating continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN106540283A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-03-29 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of soil anaerobic sterilization of control of plant bacterial wilt |
| CN107098729A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-08-29 | 安徽师范大学 | Innoxious wheat straw material and preparation method thereof, the fertilising matrix containing innoxious wheat straw |
| CN107297388A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-10-27 | 上海乾界生物科技有限公司 | A kind of soil microenvironment restorative procedure for eliminating continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN108551795A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-09-21 | 霍山县新元生态农业有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse gardening method of wild leek |
| CN108990733A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-12-14 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of matching method improving notoginseng obstacle |
| CN110249909A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-20 | 黑龙江省科学院微生物研究所 | In a kind of canopy room straw mushroom and alkali persimmon rotation cropping method |
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| CN114258750A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-01 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for improving strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil |
| CN114258750B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-03-14 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for improving strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil |
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