CN104879928A - Thermal accumulator and hydrogen and oxygen generation method and device - Google Patents
Thermal accumulator and hydrogen and oxygen generation method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104879928A CN104879928A CN201510190436.6A CN201510190436A CN104879928A CN 104879928 A CN104879928 A CN 104879928A CN 201510190436 A CN201510190436 A CN 201510190436A CN 104879928 A CN104879928 A CN 104879928A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of solar thermal utilization, in particular to a thermal accumulator and a hydrogen and oxygen generation method and device. The thermal accumulator comprises a concave thermal accumulator body, and the inner wall of the concave thermal accumulator body is plated with a fluorescent metal material layer. The inner wall of the concave thermal accumulator body is plated with the fluorescent metal material layer, the fluorescent metal material layer plated on the concave thermal accumulator body can reflect visible light thermal as well as reflect radiation thermal of invisible X-rays, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, cathode rays and the like so as to generate light thermal reflectance and gathering far stronger than those of non-fluorescent materials, superposed thermal is increased, utilization rate of solar energy is increased effectively, a large amount of thermal is generated in high efficiency, and the inherent thinking that thermal release and thermal absorption are improved to generate a large amount of thermal is broken through. By making use of thermal strongly gathered and retained by the thermal accumulator, an oxygen generating solution and a hydrogen generating solution are decomposed and recombined more quickly to generate hydrogen and oxygen.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solar energy heat utilization field, in particular to a kind of poly-heating unit and method and the device thereof of producing hydrogen and oxygen.
Background technology
Fig. 3-11 of 67th page of " the green energy resource Mao Zongqiang of Hydrogen Energy-21 century " textbook illustrates a kind of solar column dish-style and gathers heating unit, and the poly-heating unit that hydrogen-oxygen is produced in this electrolysis or pyrolysis is a kind of than relatively large solar cell array.The solar thermal energy experimental power station of some several thousand such KW levels even up to ten thousand has been built up in the U.S., Japan and Europe.The operation principle in this power station is: this device is placed on tower by the poly-heating unit system of spill or dish, and its critical piece has the generating set of reflection mirror array, high tower, heat collector, storage heater, carrying vapour cylinder crankshaft connecting rod machine or steam turbine.Reflection mirror array has many reflection concave mirrors (also known as heliostat) to arrange according to certain rules to form.These speculums are controlled from motion tracking direct sunlight and heat (due to photo-thermal consubstantiality, the heat energy of direct light is the strongest) by intelligent computer, and are mainly made up of the more dark heat-absorbing materials such as crystal silicon body of partly leading.Poly-heating unit absorbs the heat energy of sunshine, and the reflection heat energy of the sun can project in the window of poly-heating unit.High tower build mirror battle array central authorities or southern side (as building north side in the Southern Hemisphere) in.Poly-heating unit can be designed to one-sided light or four sides light on demand.When sunlight heat energy projects after poly-heating unit is transformed into heat energy by absorption, just the medium water generates steam of heating plate Bottomhole pressure, drives steam engine and generating set generating.Decompose restructuring water by electric power again and add the comprehensive medium of chemical solvent to form hydrogen and oxygen.The solar thermal energy of this tower (or dish-style) poly-heating unit utilizes technology can produce the high pressure superheated steam of 600-800 DEG C, can use by heat supply chemical production hydrogen-oxygen.In such hydrogen-oxygen production technology device, key technology parts are reflection dish mirror and poly-heating unit, what flow in the coil pipe in poly-heating unit is the comprehensive medium that water adds chemical solvent or chemical substance formation, produces hydrogen oxygen energy when not consuming chemical substance and only needing water consumption and solar thermal energy.
Here point out with needing emphasis, any is that to produce the technology of hydrogen-oxygen be renewable and circulation to medium with water, and the hydrogen-oxygen that is produced, after releasing energy, also can reduce generation hydroxide and water again.This change procedure is:
2 (volume) H
2o ← → 2 (volume) H
2+ 1 (volume) O
2
Namely the water of two unit volumes adds the oxygen of 1 unit volume through the hydrogen that Thermochemical Decomposition restructuring becomes 2 unit volumes (should be same liquid or steam fog body bulk), and namely volume fraction is 2 ← → 2+1.So-called volume is exactly with the volume of container metering.
It is the technique device that solar thermal energy is directly used for producing electric power that the steam that this solar heat the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge produces is used for generating electricity, and electric power both can directly utilize at production field, and available incoming call decomposition water adds the comprehensive medium of chemical substance with generation hydrogen-oxygen crude fuel of recombinating again.
There is following shortcoming in the technical equipment that tower dish-style solar heat energy collector produces hydrogen-oxygen:
(1) solar power station that, on the surface, this tower disc type solar energy utilizes device to build up some several thousand KW levels even up to ten thousand is produced electric energy and is decomposed recombinant production hydrogen and oxygen; Or without generating program, only absorbs with institute the solar thermal energy Direct Resolution restructuring assembled and gather comprehensive medium production hydrogen-oxygen in heating unit in coil pipe.So the power of tower dish-style heat collector is very low, that is its key equipment heat collector effect is not strong, the ability shortcoming just causing it to produce hydrogen-oxygen.According to its device analysis, the heat collector of this equipment may be take dark semiconductor crystalline material heat absorption, due to photo-thermal consubstantiality, this material has blocked again the light and heat of the sun to a certain extent while absorbing solar heat, is to cause one of reason that its thermal efficiency is not high.Even if in the future after about 50 years, the generating of hydrogen isotope nuclear fusion becomes main electrical circuitry equipment, and it is need large-scale hydrogen-oxygen to do original power that the production of hydrogen isotope deuterium and tritium itself is extracted; The hydrogen-oxygen crude fuel of the non-electricity needed for mobile device such as vehicles or problem widely in addition.
(2), the former design of flowing in the coil pipe of this tower dish-style heat collector is water, and one without chemical solvent wherein, and pyrolysis or the electrolysis of water are all not easy; Two is this for water medium pump is not pressed into hydrone ion or vapour molecule group, to improve legibility degree, is beneficial to (light) electrolysis or pyrolysis comprehensive medium restructuring generation hydrogen-oxygen.
(3), this tower dish-style heat collector do not have the hot cell effect compartment of thermal protection, the heat of gathering easily distributed, causes the reduction of efficiency and the increase of entropy.
Solar cell power supply produces the technology of hydrogen-oxygen, does crude fuel another mistake turn over the battery technology producing electric power with produced hydrogen-oxygen.Fig. 1 is that a solar cell electric energy is used for producing the technical work schematic diagram of hydrogen-oxygen, after hydrogen-oxygen is produced, also practicablely produces contrary inverse process with hydrogen-oxygen, namely makes the battery of crude fuel production electric power for required with hydrogen-oxygen again.
First volt (beating) battery and photovoltaic cell technology are made a presentation generally.Introduce according to " history of science " that Britain's science historian W.C. Dampier is shown, so-called volt (beating) battery is that the volt of Italy Pavia is in the original battery of invention in 1800, its material therefor is the metal dish such as zinc-copper or chemical solvent, and function is the current storage that electrifier is produced.At that time extraneous electricity mainly friction electric machine to generate electricity stream.Afterwards, the scientist Maxwell of Britain had foretold electromagnetic existence in the uniformity just having found photoelectric effect and optical, electrical, magnetic in the middle of the 19th century.Due to photoelectric effect, solar energy can be converted into electric energy on voltaic element, so photovoltaic cell is also called solar cell.
Light comprises wavelength at the visible ray of 0.77-0.39 micron and invisible infrared light and ultraviolet light etc., and visible ray only accounts for 1/16 wavelength period, and all the other wavelength period of 15/16 are all black lights.Light is in fact all a kind of electromagnetic wave, is also light wave.So the luminous energy of the sun can be directly electric energy because photovoltaic material is as Latent transforming in the effect of crystalline silicon on photovoltaic cells.Photovoltaic electric is exactly that photoelectricity magnetic wave is directly hidden in crystalline material with the form of electron accumulation polarization and non-looping forma fluens.Be exactly briefly, the light and heat energy of the sun is exactly the one of electromagnetic heat energy, and photoelectricity magnetic wave both can propagate electric energy (certainly also having heat energy) from conductor simultaneously, also can from the heat energy of non-conductor medium as vacuum, air, magnetic material etc. propagation photoelectricity.
Photovoltaic cell has a great development till now, is mainly manifested in the change and progress of battery material.The development partly leading (crystal silicon) body the eighties in 20th century makes solar cell prices many.The nearest more than ten years have developed non-crystalline silicon, cadmium telluride etc. and have made raw-material solar cell, and its cost is only 1/10 of monocrystalline silicon, and payoff period is also short, 1-2, and monocrystalline silicon takes 10-12.
This kind of solar cell direct current hydrogen manufacturing oxygen and make it that inverse process occurs in non-light application time again with obtained hydrogen and oxygen, the battery electric power making crude fuel with hydrogen or oxygen gas produces hydrogen-oxygen.This technological merit is:
(1), the secondary source of power supply and the direct energy source cost free of hydrogen-oxygen, be inexhaustible solar energy.Just just can incurred cost when solar energy directly changes into photovoltaic electric energy.
(2) device that, this photovoltaic cell produces hydrogen-oxygen solves stable between the direct energy source needed for solar energy and user and storable hydrogen-oxygen.
(3), hydrogen-oxygen is the subject matter of following main force's new forms of energy really, this solar energy-brine electrolysis-hydrogen manufacturing oxygen system-hydrogen-oxygen adds the primary fuel cell electric power of chemical solution and the formation such as platinum or PEM, so form hydrogen manufacturing oxygen and with hydrogen-oxygen just against two processes, all coupled together by a conclusive intermediary and hydrogen-oxygen in the middle of this.Thus, hydrogen-oxygen is the indispensable new forms of energy of this process.These two processes respectively have it to act on, and previous process produces hydrogen-oxygen, and as required by hydrogen-oxygen liquefaction or solidification, can be supplied to the user of middle and small scale energy demand.The product of a rear course of work is that the battery electric power of crude fuel produces hydrogen-oxygen by electrolytic cell electrolysis alkaline aqueous solution in non-light application time with hydrogen-oxygen.Also can independently be used in specific with fuel cell power be power Mobile Equipment on, as the car in city or bus etc. on the vehicles of the dense population areas that the speed that is particularly used in can not be too fast.
Utilizing solar cell to produce, hydrogen-oxygen and another mistake goes back to hydrogen-oxygen is that the fuel cell technology that crude fuel produces electric power exists following shortcoming:
(1), the remarkable shortcoming of this photovoltaic technology be absorb dispersion solar device itself or continued original dispersiveness, effectively do not assemble the mechanism of action of solar energy, namely there is not the physical chemistry effect of state of aggregation.Solar energy own radiation is low, decentralized and there is time restriction rain or shine etc. round the clock to the density of the earth, and the restriction of the locus such as region height above sea level weather, can not stablize in time and provide basic energy resource intensively.
(2) although, utilize photovoltaic electric power to create hydrogen-oxygen New-type fuel, but also a same shortcoming can not assembling photo-thermal energy is relevant, so cause light to turn electrical efficiency only 10%, second time conversion and electric energy convert the efficiency high restriction that first conversion efficiency also can be subject to too low again of hydrogen-oxygen again to.
(3), through being that the on-fuel William Ge Luofu process of crude fuel can change into fuel battery energy again with hydrogen-oxygen, the efficiency of this conversion is very high, can reach 60%-80%, be now general with the 2-3 of the old energy internal combustion engine conversion ratio that is fuel doubly.But efficiency low that in its root, sunshine turns electricity although just to determine this mechanism sufficient for the day after tomorrow, root, just determine the very big restriction of its inadequate natural endowment.The speed that can only be used in can not be fast, and the scale degree of energy requirements and intensity are not that very high public transport etc. is equipped.
(4), this photovoltaic cell energy or hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell can store solar energy, little degree overcomes the sun directly can time restriction rain or shine round the clock and region space constraint.But due to the enrichment of the photoelectricity of key and maintenance all relative deficiency of enrichment, the ground limit problem of time limit rain or shine and regional climate also would not have very large breaching round the clock.
In view of this, special proposition the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of poly-heating unit, and described poly-heating unit efficiently can improve the absorptivity of solar energy, increases the heat energy of superposition, reduces heat loss.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of producing hydrogen and oxygen, and the high heat energy that provides of poly-heating unit described in the method utilizes, produces hydrogen and oxygen is efficient, safety non-pollution.
The third object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device producing hydrogen and oxygen, and structure is simple, produces hydrogen and oxygen is efficient, safety non-pollution.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy by the following technical solutions:
A kind of poly-heating unit, comprise spill heat collector, the inwall of described spill heat collector is coated with fluorescence metal material layer.
Poly-heating unit provided by the invention, fluorescence coating is coated with at the inwall of spill heat collector, fluorescence metal layer is plated on spill heat collector, can not only reflect visible light heat, the radiant heat energy of sightless X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared ray, cathode-ray etc. can also be reflected, thus produce the photothermal reflectance much better than compared with non-fluorescence material and gathering, increase the heat energy of superposition, the utilization rate of efficient raising solar energy, ultra high efficiency produces a large amount of heat energy.Break the existing intrinsic thinking producing a large amount of heat energy by improving heat release heat absorption.
Wherein, spill heat collector is generally made up of alloy sheets, also can be made up of other common materials.
Preferably, the material that described fluorescence metal material layer uses is zinc sulphide, any one in cadmium sulfide.These two kinds of fluorescent materials have the effect of good heat of aggregation.
Preferably, the inwall of described spill heat collector gathers concave body.Namely poly-heating unit overlaps little spill heat collector in large spill heat collector, achieve spill heat collector and have accumulated solar radiation from first time with it while heat energy in reflection, second time reflects and have accumulated the heat energy of multiple concave body first reflection and gathering again, which forms the two secondary reflections gatherings of the strong reflection heat effect of solar heat energy being added to strong heat build-up effect.Define twice superpower sunshine reflection in the poly-heating unit be made up of many little concave body and spill heat collector and assemble heat energy, solve the dispersed weakness of solar heat energy to a great extent.
Preferably, described spill heat collector is double-layer vacuum structure.The centre that namely double-layer vacuum structure is made up of two-layer material is the structure of vacuum, improves high insulating efficiency.This strong gathering the heat energy of thermal protection just can act in poly-heating unit continuously.
Preferably, described spill heat collector is provided with the explosion-proof pyroceram lid of multi-layer-colored of spill.According to the feedback of the temperature of spill heat collector, by intelligent control system, control the explosion-proof pyroceram lid changing different colours.As, if the temperature of spill heat collector is too high, then need sunshade, the color of explosion-proof pyroceram lid is changed to shade; If the temperature of spill heat collector is not high, then need transmission sunlight, the color of explosion-proof pyroceram lid is changed to thin shade.
Present invention also offers a kind of method of producing hydrogen and oxygen, comprise the following steps:
Water being made steam passes in oxygen solution, and described poly-heating unit provides thermal source for described oxygen solution, and described oxygen solution reaction generates oxygen, and described oxygen adds through refrigeration and is pressed into liquid oxygen, to obtain final product;
Water being made steam passes in hydrogen manufacturing solution, and described poly-heating unit provides thermal source for described hydrogen manufacturing solution, and described hydrogen manufacturing solution reaction generates hydrogen, and described hydrogen adds through refrigeration and is pressed into liquified hydrogen, to obtain final product.
The method of production hydrogen provided by the invention and oxygen, utilizes above-mentioned poly-heating unit to assemble by force and the heat energy of thermal protection, makes oxygen solution and hydrogen manufacturing solution accelerate to decompose restructuring, produces hydrogen and oxygen.
Preferably, described oxygen solution and described hydrogen manufacturing solution are formed and recycle system;
Described recycle system be oxide system, halide system, containing any one in sulfur system, hybrid systems.
1. oxide system
The simplest process is with the two step circulations of metal oxide (MeO) as this system.
First step hydrogen is formed: 3 (volume) MeO+1 (volume) H
2o → 1 (volume) Me
3o
4+ 1 (volume) H
2;
Second step oxygen is formed: 1 (volume) Me
3o
4→ 3 (volume) MeO+1/2 (volume) O
2.
Wherein, the Me in metal oxide is Mn (manganese), any one in Fe (iron), Co (cobalt).
Add MeO in hydrogen manufacturing solution, and pass into steam, the hydrogen that reaction generates reclaims, the Me of generation
3o
4pass in oxygen solution, the MeO that oxygen solution generates passes into hydrogen manufacturing solution, is formed and recycles system.
2. halide system
Halogenation refers to that organic compound molecule introduces the reaction of halogen (bittern) atom, comprise fluoridize, chlorination, bromination and iodate.
First step hydrogen is formed: at metal-halide objects system, the reaction of formation of hydrogen is expressed as: 3 (volume) MeX
2+ 4 (volume) H
2o → 1 (volume) Me
3o
4+ 6 (volume) HX+1 (volume) H
2;
Wherein Me can be Mn (manganese) and Fe (iron), X can be Cl (chlorine), Br (bromine) and I (iodine).
Second step halogen generates: 1 (volume) Me
3o
4+ 8 (volume) HX → 3 (volume) MeX
2+ 4 (volume) H
2o+1 (volume) X
2;
3rd step oxygen generates: 1 (volume) MeO+1 (volume) X
2→ 1 (volume) MeX
2+ 1/2 (volume) O
2;
4th one-step hydrolysis: 1 (volume) MeX
2+ 1 (volume) H
2o → 1 (volume) MeO+2 (volume) HX.
In body series, foremost circulation is UT-3 circulation, and first proposed by Tokyo Univ Japan, wherein metal selects Ca (calcium), and halogen selects Br (bromine) this circulation to be also made up of four-step reaction generation.
UT-3 circulation a, moisture generate:
HBr (hydrogen bromide): gas-solid reaction, 730 DEG C are carried out, heat absorption;
1 (volume) CaBr
2+ 1 (volume) H
2o → 1 (volume) CaO+2 (volume) HBr
UT-3 circulation b, O
2(oxygen) generates:
Gas-solid reaction, carries out at 550 DEG C, 1 (volume) CaO+1 (volume) Br
2→ 1 (volume) CaBr
2+ 1/2 (volume) O
2;
UT-3 circulation c, Br
2generate:
1 (volume) Fe
3o
4+ 8 (volume) HBr → 3 (volume) FeBr
2+ 4 (volume) H
2o+1 (volume) Br
2;
UT-3 circulation d, H
2(hydrogen) is formed:
3 (volume) FeBr
2+ 4 (volume) H
2o → 1 (volume) Fe
3o
4+ 6 (volume) HBr+1 (volume) H
2.
3. comprise three reactions containing sulfur system (mainly introducing IS and iodo-sulfur cycle at this) this circulation:
Reaction one, i.e. this life (Bunsen) is reacted:
1 (volume) SO
2+ 1 (volume) I
2+ 2 (volume) H
2o → 2 (volume) HI+1 (volume) H
2sO
4;
Reaction two, i.e. sulfuric acid decomposition reaction (oxygen generation):
1 (volume) H
2sO
4→ 1 (volume) H
2o+1 (volume) SO
2+ 1/2 (volume) O
2;
Reaction three, i.e. hydroiodic acid decomposition reaction (hydrogen generation):
2 (volume) HI → 1 (volume) H
2+ 1 (volume) I
2.
4) hybrid systems
Only be described for hydrocarbon hybridisation process.Hydrocarbon hybridisation process is the hydrogen manufacturing oxygen cycle with common hydrocarbon and steam reaction, as methane-methanol hydrogen manufacturing circulation and methane-water vapour circulation.
Circulation 1:1 (weight) CH
4namely (g gram)+1 (weight) H
2o (g) → 1 (weight) CO (g)+3 (weight) H
2(g);
Circulation 2:1 (weight) CO (g)+2 (weight) H
2(g) → 1 (weight) CH
3oH (g);
Circulation 3:1 (weight) CH
3oH (g) → 1 (weight) CH
4+ 1/2 (weight) O
2(g) (electrolysis).
These recycle each chemical composition in system above, by the conveying of pipeline, active ingredient are utilized at pipeline Inner eycle, only need extraneous supply steam can reach the object of producing hydrogen and oxygen.
Preferably, the oxygen that described oxygen solution reaction generates and the hydrogen that described hydrogen manufacturing solution reaction generates react through Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, generate direct current;
Described direct current produces oxygen and hydrogen by electrolytic cell.
Within the non-sunshine-duration, to produce in light application time and the electric power that the hydrogen-oxygen crude fuel stored and the prior-art devices PEM primary fuel cell used store starts to take turns new load, namely the new load of PEM primary fuel cell is the load of double electric power storage.In non-light application time, first must start the intelligence system automatically controlled, hydrogen and oxygen are passed into PEM hydrogen-oxygen primary fuel cell, the electric power of generation comes electrolysis recombinant production liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen in non-light application time.This process and solar thermal energy produce the process of hydrogen-oxygen process contrary just, and namely consume the process of hydrogen-oxygen, object is but consistent, are namely all produce hydrogen-oxygen.So not only breach the time restriction rain or shine waited round the clock of producing hydrogen-oxygen, the space constraint that the region also breaching this production waits as the wet weather of tropical and subtropical zone more.All are all distinguished with illumination and non-light application time, in light application time, namely start the main production process of solar thermal energy.Comprehensive medium production liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen that PEM hydrogen-oxygen primary fuel cell electrolysis restructuring has added chemical solution is started in non-light application time.
Particularly, in non-light application time, first the illumination inductor of pem cell starts the circuit of intelligence system, and the refrigeration that first floppy disk system of intelligence system opens hydrogen-oxygen adds and is pressed into the hydrogen-oxygen stored in liquid device and starts to supply pem cell with crude fuel.Arrived anode and the negative electrode of battery respectively by the air guide channel in the bipolar plates of battery, reacting gas hydrogen-oxygen just experiences on-fuel William Ge Luofu cold fusion process and arrives PEM by the diffusing catalyst layer on battery lead plate.In the anode side of film, hydrogen is dissociated into Hydrogen Proton ion and electronegative electronics under the effect of anode catalyst, and hydrogen ion is with proton hydrate H
+(nH
2o) form, from a sulfonic group (-SO in PEM
3h) transfer to another sulfonic group, finally arrive negative electrode, realize proton conductive.This transfer of proton causes anode to occur electronegative electron accumulation, thus becomes an electronegative terminal and negative pole.Meanwhile, the oxygen molecule of negative electrode and catalyst excite the electronics of generation to react, become oxygen proton ion, make negative electrode become terminal and the positive pole of positively charged, its result between anode strap negative electric terminals and Ka band positive electric terminals because the principle that there is a natural attraction between the sexes just produces a voltage.Be connected by the two poles of the earth terminal of external circuit by polarization, electron stream and electric current will flow to negative electrode by external circuit from anode, thus produce direct current energy.Meanwhile, hydrogen ion and oxonium ion will occur and decompose contrary reduction reaction process and namely regenerate water.
The direct current energy that proton membrane battery produces flows to electrolytic cell, is the aqueous medium having added basic solvent in groove, receives electric current and just decomposes the restructuring comprehensive medium more much easier than pure water later, thus produce hydrogen or oxygen gas.
Present invention also offers a kind of device producing hydrogen and oxygen, comprise described poly-heating unit, described spill heat collector inwall is provided with high temperature resistant coil pipe.
The device of production hydrogen provided by the invention and oxygen, above-mentioned poly-heating unit provides the energy for the high temperature resistant coil pipe being arranged on spill heat collector inwall, passes into hydrogen manufacturing solution and oxygen solution in high temperature resistant coil pipe respectively, thus produces oxygen and hydrogen.
Preferably, described high temperature resistant coil pipe is 2.2 high temperature resistant coil pipes pass into hydrogen manufacturing solution and oxygen solution respectively, so formed one produce hydrogen and oxygen recycle system, efficiency is high, is easy to operation.
Preferably, one end of each described high temperature resistant coil pipe is connected with high-pressure pump, and the other end and refrigeration add and be pressed into liquid device and be connected;
Described refrigeration adds and is pressed into liquid device and is connected with storage device.
High-pressure pump is used for water pressurization to generate steam, then steam is passed in high temperature resistant coil pipe, the hydrogen that the reaction of high temperature resistant coil pipe is produced or oxygen enter refrigeration and add and be pressed into liquid device, generate liquid hydrogen or liquid oxygen, the liquid hydrogen generated or liquid oxygen pass in storage device, can preserve or export.
Preferably, recycling device is provided with between described high temperature resistant coil pipe.Recycling device is the conveying by pipeline, the liquid active ingredient in addition to water of producing hydrogen and oxygen is utilized at pipeline Inner eycle, only needs extraneous supply steam can reach the object of producing hydrogen and oxygen.
Further, two described refrigeration add and are pressed into liquid device and are connected with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells device respectively, and described Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is connected with electrolytic cell and high-pressure pump respectively;
Or two described refrigeration add and are pressed into liquid device and are connected with pressue device respectively, described pressue device is connected with the reinforced fuel cell of improvement, and the reinforced fuel cell of described improvement is connected with electrolytic cell and high-pressure pump respectively;
The reinforced fuel cell of described improvement arranges kicker magnet at the reinforced battery bottom of William's Grove cell, and the hydrogen or oxygen gas pressurizeed contacts for stretching into liquid comes into contact, and forms whirlpool.
Like this, the reinforced fuel cell improved is on the basis that William's Grove cell is reinforced, by upper pressure suction type, concentrated sulfuric acid preparation arrange kicker magnet and working gas decomposing the charged rapid movement of proton etc. formed in regrouping process at battery bottom and all make faraday's alternating current produce, achieve and on galvanic basis, superpose one again complete a business transaction electric current.The rich pure hydrogen or oxygen gas of fuel and high pressure upper pressure and gas pressure pump be pressed into lower suction and fuel cell bottom the effect of rare earth Ru-Fe-Mn magnet steel is set under, arrived anode and the negative electrode of battery respectively by multiple air guide channel that can increase on alive bipolar platinum electrodes metal plate that is cascaded.Detailed process is, reacting gas and hydrogen-oxygen are by the diffusion of this electrolytic catalysis matter of the height concentrated sulfuric acid solution liquid on electrode and catalytic action, when respectively to the anode of bipolar electrode metal plate and cathode motion, in the anode side of bipolar metal plate, hydrogen is dissociated into Hydrogen Proton ion and electronegative electronics under the effect of catalyst, and hydrogen ion is with proton hydrate and H
+(nH
2o) form, transfers to negative electrode side in the anode side of the bipolar metal plate of platinum, finally arrives negative electrode, realize proton conductive.This transfer of proton causes anode to occur electronegative electron accumulation, thus becomes an electronegative terminal and negative pole.Meanwhile, the oxygen molecule of negative electrode and electrolytic catalyst excite the electronics of generation to react, become oxygen proton ion, make negative electrode become terminal and the positive pole of positively charged, its result produces a polarization potential difference and voltage between the electronegative terminal of anode and the terminal of Ka band positive electricity.If be now connected at the two poles of the earth by external circuit, electron stream will flow to negative electrode by loop from anode, thus produces the electric energy of DC stacked interchange.Hydrogen ion and oxonium ion generation reduction reaction simultaneously, regeneration water.
The thermokinetics advantage of reinforced fuel cell
Advantage one, the electromotive force of reinforced fuel cell can obtain unconventional raising, can increase the voltage of fuel cell;
Advantage two, the efficiency of reinforced fuel cell is high;
Advantage three, reinforced Fuel cell polarization and overpotential gesture strong.
Reinforced fuel cell is used to there is following advantage in this process:
1. ratio and the energy transformation ratio of the energy comprised in the electric energy that changes into of reinforced fuel cell and fuel are more much higher than other fuel cells, possess the unexistent advantage of other fuel cell;
2. reduce atmosphere pollution, harmonious environment degree is high;
3. applied range.For hydrogen-oxygen primary fuel cell, reduction reaction after generating only generates pure water, so briefly, our reinforced fuel cell is double in the spacecrafts such as manned spaceship does astronaut's drinking water, few movable parts, running is quiet, and the features such as these noiseless frictions are vital to military purposes.This that is, our reinforced fuel cell also has the advantage such as stronger power and reductive water generation except the advantage possessing these aspects, the activity under the severe life condition of military affairs has also just been possessed to the supporting factor of adhering to of long period;
4. reinforced fuel cell also possess more height reliability and minimizing take up room.Be mainly reflected in the quantity and scale that can reduce the monocell be cascaded, save space, easy to maintenance.When its load has variation, its reaction speed also can be very fast.No-rotary part wearing and tearing also can say it is a large advantage, because friction etc. does not generally occur for it;
5. the energy content of battery height being compared to other systems is a large feature.As being compared to Ni-MH battery or lithium ion battery, reinforced fuel cell is both without the mass exchange with the external world, and specific energy can not change, as long as constantly supplement hydrogen-oxygen crude fuel, reinforced fuel cell has the working time longer feature larger with exporting energy;
6. be compared to other fossil energy systems, its work refuse of discharging is less, so, than being easier to cleaning, as long as arrange necessary accessory system, be exactly the purification or reformer etc. that need hydrogen-oxygen to purify in addition;
7. solve to input again in reinforced fuel cell after thaw liquid hydrogen in liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen storage equipment and liquid oxygen become gas hydrogen-oxygen and produce liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen with the electric power of saving of reinforced fuel cell as crude fuel, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen can not burn easily and explode, and running is safer.
Further, described device also comprises the intelligent control system for controlling whole described device.Intelligent control system controlled light, poly-heating unit heat, high-pressure pump, refrigeration add the mutual cooperation relation between the reinforced fuel cell etc. being pressed into liquid device, electrolytic cell, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells device, improvement.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) poly-heating unit provided by the invention, fluorescence metal material layer is coated with at the inwall of spill heat collector, fluorescence coating is plated on spill heat collector, can not only reflect visible light heat, the radiant heat energy of sightless X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared ray, cathode-ray etc. can also be reflected, thus produce the photothermal reflectance much better than compared with non-fluorescence material and gathering, increase the heat energy of superposition, the utilization rate of efficient raising solar energy, ultra high efficiency produces a large amount of heat energy.
(2) poly-heating unit provided by the invention overlaps little spill heat collector in large spill heat collector, achieve spill heat collector and have accumulated solar radiation from first time with it while heat energy in reflection, second time reflects and have accumulated the heat energy of multiple concave body first reflection and gathering again, which forms the two secondary reflections gatherings of the strong reflection heat effect of solar heat energy being added to strong heat build-up effect.
(3) spill heat collector is set to double-layer vacuum structure by the present invention, improves high insulating efficiency, and the strong heat energy assembling also thermal protection just can be acted in poly-heating unit continuously.
(4) method of production liquid hydrogen provided by the invention and liquid oxygen, utilizes above-mentioned poly-heating unit to assemble by force and the heat energy of thermal protection, makes oxygen solution and hydrogen manufacturing solution accelerate to decompose restructuring, produces hydrogen and oxygen.
(5) oxygen solution of the present invention and hydrogen manufacturing solution are formed and recycle system, by the conveying of pipeline, active ingredient are utilized at pipeline Inner eycle, only need extraneous supply steam can reach the object of producing hydrogen and oxygen.
(6) present invention also offers method and the equipment thereof of producing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen in non-light application time.
(7) reinforced fuel cell adopts the design of upper pressure suction: upper pressure refers to the supply pressure using and strengthen hydrogen-oxygen, namely lower suction has added rare earth Ru-Fe-Mn magnet steel in the bottom of fuel cell container, magnet is utilized to attract gas-liquid, strengthen Electro kinetic forces, namely strengthen electrical energy production and the supply of fuel cell, also improve function and the efficiency of reinforced fuel cell simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in detailed description of the invention or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is used for producing the technical work schematic diagram of hydrogen-oxygen for the solar cell electric energy provided in background technology of the present invention;
The device schematic diagram of the production liquid hydrogen that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention and liquid oxygen;
The reinforced fuel cell schematic diagram of the improvement that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, but it will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example only for illustration of the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, and such as, can be fixedly connected with, also can be removably connect, or connect integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, also can be electrical connection; Can be directly be connected, also indirectly can be connected by intermediary, can be the connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, concrete condition above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention can be understood.
As shown in Figure 2.The photo-thermal (due to photo-thermal consubstantiality) of the sun can directly through the explosion-proof pyroceram lid of the multi-layer-colored covered on whole poly-heating unit, radiation is overlapped on many little spill heat collectors in special one whole large spill device, the ability that photo-thermal is assembled in the reflection produced is superpower, because it not only reflects the heat energy of visible ray, also reflect the heat energy of black light, intense radiation heat energy acts on itself do not absorb heat energy and reflect on the strongest fluorescent material coating of heat energy, obtains the heat-flash energy superposed.
Similarly, the spill heat collector having plated fluorescent material have accumulated solar radiation from first time with it while heat energy in reflection, second time reflects and have accumulated the heat energy that many little spill heat collectors are assembled again, which forms and two secondary reflections of solar heat energy are assembled, obtain stronger heat energy, suitable degree solves the dispersed weakness of solar heat energy.
Process 3-1 and process 3-2 is two points of processes, process 3-1 be same reflection heat build-up thermal protection heat energy to the comprehensive working medium radiation in a type coil pipe, process 3-2 is that same reflection heat build-up thermal protection heat energy is to the comprehensive working medium radiation in two type coil pipes.Particularly, just define twice superpower sunshine reflection in the heat collector be made up of many little concave reflective heat collectors and large spill heat collector and assemble heat energy.The spill heat collector of double-layer vacuum structure has good thermal protection function.This strong gathering the heat energy of thermal protection just can act on continuously inverted pyramid formula in poly-heating unit, the comprehensive medium having added chemical solvent in resistant to elevated temperatures, printing opacity is high temperature resistant coil pipe, and make it accelerate to decompose restructuring to produce hydrogen-oxygen.
Process 4-1 and process 4-2 is two points of processes, and these two points of processes, after water pump is pressed into steam by same or two high-pressure pumps, pump in a type and two types, two coil pipes respectively.Namely pump in two coil pipes be vapour molecule ion or steam group instead of liquid water.
The steam pumped in a type coil pipe mixes mutually with the type chemical powder in a type coil pipe or material; The steam pumped in two type coil pipes mixes mutually with two type chemical powders in two type coil pipes.Participate in mixing be mainly in four kinds of chemical system solvents any one: oxide system, halide system, containing sulfur system, hybrid systems.Each system is not identical again with the ratio of water proportioning, carries out proportioning according to demand.
Process 5-1 and process 5-2 is two points of processes, after process 4-1 and process 4-2 two points of processes, steam in two kinds of coil pipes mixes mutually with two kinds of chemical powders and after being heated, just in a type coil pipe, be mixed to form a pattern synthesis medium respectively, in two type coil pipes, be mixed to form two pattern synthesis media.
Process 6-1 and process 6-2 is two points of processes.A type in this process decomposes in restructuring room, and a type solvolysis is reassembled as type hydride and a hydrogen; Two types in this process decompose in restructuring room, and two type solvolysis are reassembled as two type hydroxide and oxygen.That is in process 6, intactly formed respectively in two rooms and output hydrogen and oxygen, and a type chemical solvent and two type chemical solvents being filtered down respectively recycle.
Process 7 is divided into process 7-1 and 7-2 two points of processes equally.In point process 7-1, the hydrogen produced enters a type hydrogen refrigeration pressurizing point through a type pipeline and forms liquid hydrogen; The oxygen produced enters two type oxygen refrigeration pressurizing points through two type pipelines and forms liquid oxygen.
Process 8 is divided into process 8-1 and 8-2 two points of processes equally.In point process 8-1, liquid hydrogen enters storage of liquid hydrogen and output device; In point process 8-2, liquid oxygen enters liquid oxygen storage and output device.
It is more than the positive process utilizing solar energy production hydrogen and oxygen.In order to the restriction not by sunshine, present invention also offers the inverse process of producing hydrogen and oxygen.
Inverse process utilizes PEM to take hydrogen-oxygen as the process of primary fuel cell electric power at non-light application time electrolysis recombinant production hydrogen-oxygen.Although inverse process consumes hydrogen-oxygen but can produce more hydrogen-oxygens.Complete by time-constrain, no matter namely not there is solar irradiation and do not have solar irradiation all will can produce liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen is combined together to form by inverse process and positive process.
Inverse process 1 is in non-light application time, first the illumination inductor of pem cell starts the circuit of intelligence system, and the floppy disk system of intelligence system is first opened the hydrogen or oxygen gas stored in the refrigeration of hydrogen-oxygen and liquefying plant and started to supply pem cell with crude fuel.
Inverse process 2 is divided into inverse process 2-1 and inverse process 2-2 two points of processes.Inverse process 2-1 is the refrigeration of hydrogen under the effect of intelligence system and adds the hydrogen be pressed in liquid device and supply hydrogen to pem cell.Inverse process 2-2 is that oxygen in the refrigeration of oxygen under the effect of intelligence system and pressue device is to pem cell oxygen gas-supplying.
Inverse process 3 is divided into inverse process 3-1 and 3-2 two points of processes.This process is the core process of pem cell technology.Through 3-1 and 3-2 two points of processes, crude fuel hydrogen (hydrogeneous or rich hydrogen) oxygen (containing oxygen or oxygen enrichment) in the refrigeration of hydrogen-oxygen and pressue device arrives anode and the negative electrode of battery respectively by the air guide channel in the bipolar plates of battery, reacting gas hydrogen-oxygen just experiences on-fuel William Ge Luofu cold fusion process and arrives PEM by the diffusing catalyst layer on battery lead plate.In the anode side of film, hydrogen is dissociated into Hydrogen Proton ion and electronegative electronics under the effect of anode catalyst, and hydrogen ion is with proton hydrate H
+(nH
2o) form, from a sulfonic group (-SO in PEM
3h) transfer to another sulfonic group, finally arrive negative electrode, realize proton conductive.This transfer of proton causes anode to occur electronegative electron accumulation, thus becomes an electronegative terminal and negative pole.Meanwhile, the oxygen molecule of negative electrode and catalyst excite the electronics of generation to react, become oxygen proton ion, make negative electrode become terminal and the positive pole of positively charged, its result between anode strap negative electric terminals and Ka band positive electric terminals because the principle that there is a natural attraction between the sexes just produces a voltage.Be connected by the two poles of the earth terminal of external circuit by polarization, electron stream and electric current will flow to negative electrode by external circuit from anode, thus produce direct current energy.Meanwhile, hydrogen ion and oxonium ion will occur and decompose contrary reduction reaction process and namely regenerate water.
Inverse process 4 is divided into inverse process 4-1 and 4-2 two points of processes equally, inverse process 4-1 is that the positive current that proton membrane battery produces flows to electrolytic cell, inverse process 4-2 represents that the negative current in proton membrane battery flows to electrolytic cell, it is the aqueous medium having added basic solvent in groove, receive electric current and just decompose the restructuring comprehensive medium more much easier than pure water later, thus produce hydrogen or oxygen gas.
The efficiency of proton membrane battery is lower, can replace with reinforced fuel cell.Reinforced fuel cell is that William's Grove cell is reinforced, as shown in Figure 3, the rich pure hydrogen or oxygen gas of fuel and high pressure upper pressure and gas pressure pump be pressed into lower suction and fuel cell bottom the effect of rare earth Ru-Fe-Mn magnet steel is set under, arrived anode and the negative electrode of battery respectively by multiple air guide channel that can increase on alive bipolar platinum electrodes metal plate that is cascaded.Detailed process is, reacting gas and hydrogen-oxygen are by the diffusion of this electrolytic catalysis matter of the height concentrated sulfuric acid solution liquid on electrode and catalytic action, when respectively to the anode of bipolar electrode metal plate and cathode motion, in the anode side of bipolar metal plate, hydrogen is dissociated into Hydrogen Proton ion and electronegative electronics under the effect of catalyst, and hydrogen ion is with proton hydrate and H
+(nH
2o) form, transfers to negative electrode side in the anode side of the bipolar metal plate of platinum, finally arrives negative electrode, realize proton conductive.This transfer of proton causes anode to occur electronegative electron accumulation, thus becomes an electronegative terminal and negative pole.Meanwhile, the oxygen molecule of negative electrode and electrolytic catalyst excite the electronics of generation to react, become oxygen proton ion, make negative electrode become terminal and the positive pole of positively charged, its result produces a polarization potential difference and voltage between the electronegative terminal of anode and the terminal of Ka band positive electricity.If be now connected at the two poles of the earth by external circuit, electron stream will flow to negative electrode by loop from anode, thus produces the direct current energy more some more a little than general fuel cell.
Need to stress: the design that on this, pressure is inhaled its essence is the secondary pressure and magnetic force that manually apply in natural atmosphere pressure and earth magnetic basis, and wherein, artificial magnetic force is equivalent to reinforced natural magnetic force.Artificial magnetic force is identical with natural magnetic force direction, and also direction is identical therewith for the direction of motion of work gas liquid.
In order to ensure the operating pressure of the hydrogen or oxygen gas of upper pressure and formed in bottom one work whirlpool, the hydrogen or oxygen gas of William Ge Luofu is contacted to change into the gas-liquid interface of comprehensive medium and stretches into contact, can stretch in comprehensive medium and realize by the hydrogen or oxygen gas catheter tip of pressurization is added a shower type shower nozzle.Added air pressure size and the concentration level of water enriching sulfuric acid medium need one mutually melting property test, in other words, the pressure increasing of working gas must solution that sulfuric acid concentration is urged, thus reacts the increasing at electromotive force; The raising of sulfuric acid concentration also must be kept supplying by gas pressure, air pressure and sulfuric acid concentration reach capacity in pairs and balance, electromotive force is now also just no longer because increasing the supply of high voltage hydrogen-oxygen and improving sulfuric acid concentration and increase, and this just reaches the maximization of product and electric power output technically.Due to the magnetic induction effect in magnetic field, bottom, accelerate the hydrogen or oxygen gas of speed when magnetic field that is close or arrival bottom enters Faradaic processes core space, just with the comprehensive medium of the water adding the concentrated sulfuric acid for conductor collides the intermolecular friction with faraday's formula mutually close to the concurrent looks in magnetic field, bottom from different directions, add the effect of strength sulfuric acid etc., the spiral whirlpool round magnetic field will be formed, this whirlpool completes a business transaction the magnetic line of force in magnetic field, produces very strong electric current.
Like this, except the minority hydrogen-oxygen working gas decomposed in William Ge Luofu process, most working gas will be decomposed into proton in Faraday's strong interaction process and conduct electricity, Hydrogen Proton lead negatron and accumulate to be formed with the negatron that anode has been deposited and superpose; And the positive electron that the positive electricity that oxygen proton is led just has been deposited with negative electrode accumulates to be formed and superposes, the electric charge electromotive force of two classes superpositions is strong above to strengthen.In this case, connect external circuit, just must form the superpower double-current from anode to negative electrode, namely direct current adds the double-current of alternating current.Given this, the bottom magnet of the reinforced fuel cell in the present invention can also be designed to stronger U-shaped.
The simultaneously hydrogen ion that produces of total process and oxonium ion generation reduction reaction, regeneration water.
The thermokinetics advantage of reinforced fuel cell
Advantage one, the electromotive force of reinforced fuel cell can be greatly improved, and can increase the voltage of fuel cell.Particularly, 1, fuel cell of the present invention adopts the design of upper pressure suction type, height denseization of electrolytic catalyst, the collision of action component fierceness and reaction, the process of electrification is bound to produce the electrochemical temperature higher than other fuel cells, temperature raises and accelerates electrochemical reaction, causes electric charge liveness and fluidity to improve; 2, artificial rare earth Ru-Fe-Mn magnet steel has been installed in the bottom of battery case, make to reach certain high-speed motion in the magnetic field of fuel cell, have the cold fusion of decomposing proton except the same with other fuel cells and produce except on-fuel more DC current, also create an electric current additionally superposed, add the operating pressure of battery from the aspect of lower suction, add the positive correlation factor of electromotive force.
Advantage two, the efficiency of reinforced fuel cell is high; Battery system in the present invention is the system of closure, it is move in the field of magnetic forece formed at rare earth Ru-Fe-Mn magnet steel that hydrogen-oxygen crude fuel adds strong collision, produces and exceedes galvanic alternating current charge accumulated and electromotive force producing the effect of completing a business transaction done relative motion with magnetic field beyond hydrogen-oxygen crude fuel electrolytic catalysis.
Advantage three, reinforced Fuel cell polarization and overpotential are in advantage.
Reinforced fuel cell is used to there is following advantage in this process:
1. ratio and the energy transformation ratio of the energy comprised in the electric energy that changes into of reinforced fuel cell and fuel are more much higher than other fuel cells, possess the unexistent advantage of other fuel cell;
2. reduce atmosphere pollution, harmonious environment degree is high;
3. applied range.For hydrogen-oxygen primary fuel cell, reduction reaction after generating only generates pure water, so briefly, our reinforced fuel cell is double in the spacecrafts such as manned spaceship does astronaut's drinking water, few movable parts, running is quiet, and the features such as these few sound frictions are vital to military purposes.This that is, our reinforced fuel cell also has the advantage such as stronger power and reductive water generation except the advantage possessing these aspects, the activity under the severe life condition of military affairs has also just been possessed to the supporting factor of adhering to of long period;
4. reinforced fuel cell also possess more height reliability and minimizing take up room.Be mainly reflected in the quantity and scale that can reduce the monocell be cascaded, save space, easy to maintenance.When its load has variation, its reaction speed also can be very fast.Few rotatable parts wearing and tearing also can say it is a large advantage, because friction etc. does not generally occur for it;
5. the energy content of battery height being compared to other systems is a large feature.As being compared to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, Ni-MH battery or lithium ion battery that this technology is used, carry the reinforced fuel cell of the electrolytic cell producing hydrogen-oxygen both without the mass exchange with the external world, specific energy can not change, as long as constantly supplement hydrogen-oxygen crude fuel, reinforced fuel cell has the working time longer feature larger with exporting energy;
6. be compared to other fossil energy systems, its work refuse of discharging is less, so, than being easier to cleaning, as long as arrange necessary accessory system, be exactly the purification or reformer etc. that need hydrogen-oxygen to purify in addition;
7. solve to input again in reinforced fuel cell after thaw liquid hydrogen in liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen storage equipment and liquid oxygen become gas hydrogen-oxygen and produce liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen with the electric power of saving of reinforced fuel cell as crude fuel, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen can not burn easily and explode, and running is safer.
Inverse process 5 is divided into inverse process 5-1 and 5-2 two points of processes.The hydrogen produced in electrolytic cell is transported to hydrogen refrigeration pressue device to make liquid hydrogen by inverse process 5-1; The oxygen produced in electrolytic cell is transported to oxygen refrigeration pressue device to make liquid oxygen by inverse process 5-2.
The present invention forms the overall process of complete production liquid hydrogen-oxygen by positive and negative two processes, no matter this process is within light application time space, or can produce liquid hydrogen-oxygen within non-light application time space, be only produce liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen with solar heat energy collector within illumination space-time.The electric power of the reinforced fuel cell of PEM now or replacement just helps out, and supplies heat collector production hydrogen-oxygen as water pump pressure being atomized into gas shape in light application time; Electrolytic cell electric power is not only supplied to produce hydrogen or oxygen gas at the reinforced fuel battery of non-light application time inner proton exchange membrane or replacement, the refrigeration that also will complete hydrogen or oxygen gas is pressurizeed and is liquefied as liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, and this is just for comprehensive large-scale commercial value has laid solid use value basis.
Device provided by the invention also comprises the intelligent control system for controlling whole described device.Intelligent control system controlled light, poly-heating unit heat, high-pressure pump, refrigeration add the mutual cooperation relation between the reinforced fuel cell etc. being pressed into liquid device, electrolytic cell, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells device, improvement, to reach the object of Appropriate application solar irradiation heat.
Particularly, intelligent control system controls mainly through following index:
Positive correlation index 1:K/S is the intensity index representing instant kelvin degree, namely degree Celsius the degree mark that this thermodynamic temperature is different from temperature, but represent the overall energy content of degree Celsius object indicated, also can characterize the overall heat energy Bearing degree of heat collector and quality.Index is as intelligence control index according to this, as exceeded the bearing capacity in the safe range of certain a part or whole part device heat energy, just can change the dark glass lid of heat collector until close.
Positive correlation index 2:KJ/cm
3be represent that radiation flux acceptor accepts intensity and reflects the antiradiation rate of flow that unit volume accepts, under certain conditions, radiation just equals reflection, and in other words, reflection just equals radiation.KJ in this measurement unit is kilojoule, cm
3for photo-thermal acceptor volume, represent the gathering absorption of all heat energy of instant visible ray and black light or the degree of the evolution of heat.This Systematical control carries out according to operating instant-curve, since be curve, the slope of its intensity that just responds and tan value and Y/X, need solve according to operation actual design software program.
Positive correlation index 3:B/S is the measurement unit of heat-proof quality, and this relativity index can be formulated than the relative constancy of the medium temperature change B in heat collector according to the change S of external radiation heat.The actual operation curve provided like this is that the first limit operating in rectangular coordinate system resembles interior, that is, measure this slope of a curve and tan value and Y/X and there is meaning, Y value is thermal protection temperature, X is the continuity variable of time, this slope is also in theory from 0-1, is the index of the validity of reaction hot cell effect.
These three intensity indexs are indexs positively related with total Power Function above, namely exist with the form of algebraical sum in the molecule of the fractional expression on the right of total formula.
Also have three factors and total effect negative correlation in denominator, namely steam adds the supply intensity of chemical solvent, and photo-thermal hinders, and photo-thermal falls apart.
Negative correlation index 1:Z1/Scm
3refer to water add chemical solvent formed comprehensive medium strengthen its supply intensity time be cooling come protective device; first the effective measures taked are needed; but have its effect limit, can formulate the limit of its reduction calorific intensity in intelligence system according to practice, its sphere of action is also within 0-1.
Negative correlation index 2:Z2/Scm
3be the indicator reaction of the cooling measure that the measures such as the coloured glass lid of replacing added by heat collector surface can bring, represent the minimizing degree of unit volume heat energy in certain hour.
Negative correlation index 3:Z3/Scm
3be the index that reaction heat scatters and disappears, but in our poly-heating unit, the intensity of this photo-thermal resistance is weak, can reaction is in intelligence control system according to this scattering and disappearing of practice metering, and it is after all a kind of negative correlation factor of photo-thermal.
Like this, effect formula of total technology (and non-economy) is: the supply intensity+photo-thermal resistance degree+heat leakage degree of the hot cell effect of the intensity+heat collector of the reflected sunlight heat of the kelvin degree that acceptor photo-thermal can bear+heat collector entirety and thermal protection intensity/comprehensive medium.The intelligence control system of poly-heating unit just can be formulated program according to these measurement units or claim software, automatically controls the production process of liquid hydrogen liquid oxygen.
Only with the formula of the total business efficiency illustrated by hydrogen-oxygen index for: during illumination and non-illumination time substantially can be described as round-the-clock overall solar thermal energy heat build-up thermal protection comprise PEM or alternative reinforced fuel-cell device produce the total amount of liquid hydrogen liquid oxygen/round-the-clock middle fuel cell for produce hydrogen-oxygen and play attached effect and in non-illumination time play a major role hydrogen-oxygen total amount consumed.
Last it is noted that above each embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to foregoing embodiments to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein some or all of technical characteristic; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a poly-heating unit, is characterized in that, comprises spill heat collector, and the inwall of described spill heat collector is coated with fluorescence metal material layer.
2. poly-heating unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the inwall of described spill heat collector gathers concave body;
The material that described fluorescence metal material layer uses is preferably any one in zinc sulphide, cadmium sulfide.
3. poly-heating unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described spill heat collector is double-layer vacuum structure;
Preferably, described spill heat collector is provided with the explosion-proof pyroceram lid of multi-layer-colored of spill.
4. produce a method for hydrogen and oxygen, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Water being made steam passes in oxygen solution, and poly-heating unit described in any one of claim 1-3 provides thermal source for described oxygen solution, and described oxygen solution reaction generates oxygen, and described oxygen adds through refrigeration and is pressed into liquid oxygen, to obtain final product;
Water being made steam passes in hydrogen manufacturing solution, and described poly-heating unit provides thermal source for described hydrogen manufacturing solution, and described hydrogen manufacturing solution reaction generates hydrogen, and described hydrogen adds through refrigeration and is pressed into liquified hydrogen, to obtain final product.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described oxygen solution and described hydrogen manufacturing solution are formed and recycles system;
Described recycle system be oxide system, halide system, containing any one in sulfur system, hybrid systems.
6. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described method also comprises: the hydrogen that the oxygen generate described oxygen solution reaction and described hydrogen manufacturing solution reaction generate reacts through Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, generates direct current;
Described direct current produces oxygen and hydrogen by electrolytic cell.
7. produce a device for hydrogen and oxygen, it is characterized in that, comprise the poly-heating unit described in any one of claim 1-3, described spill heat collector inwall is provided with high temperature resistant coil pipe, and described high temperature resistant coil pipe is preferably 2.
8. device according to claim 7, is characterized in that, one end of each described high temperature resistant coil pipe is connected with high-pressure pump, and the other end and refrigeration add and be pressed into liquid device and be connected;
Described refrigeration adds and is pressed into liquid device and is connected with storage device.
9. device according to claim 7, is characterized in that, is provided with recycling device between described high temperature resistant coil pipe.
10. device according to claim 8, is characterized in that, two described refrigeration add and are pressed into liquid device and are connected with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells device respectively, and described Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is connected with electrolytic cell and high-pressure pump respectively;
Or two described refrigeration add and are pressed into liquid device and are connected with pressue device respectively, described pressue device is connected with the reinforced fuel cell of improvement, and the reinforced fuel cell of described improvement is connected with electrolytic cell and high-pressure pump respectively;
The reinforced fuel cell of described improvement arranges kicker magnet at the reinforced battery bottom of William's Grove cell, and the hydrogen or oxygen gas pressurizeed contacts for stretching into liquid comes into contact, and forms whirlpool;
Preferably, described device also comprises the intelligent control system controlling whole described device.
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| WO2023161610A1 (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-08-31 | Ceres Intellectual Property Company Limited | Asu electrolyser system |
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