CN104844271A - Protection and restoration method used for movable ceramic polychrome cultural relics - Google Patents
Protection and restoration method used for movable ceramic polychrome cultural relics Download PDFInfo
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- CN104844271A CN104844271A CN201510184549.5A CN201510184549A CN104844271A CN 104844271 A CN104844271 A CN 104844271A CN 201510184549 A CN201510184549 A CN 201510184549A CN 104844271 A CN104844271 A CN 104844271A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a protection and restoration method used for movable ceramic polychrome cultural relics, which comprises the following steps: 1)collecting basic information; 2)performing disease diagnosis on ceramic polychrome cultural relics; 3)making a protection and restoration scheme; 4)performing the protection and restoration method which comprises steps of cleaning, manual finishing, removing of harmful salinity, reinforcing and protecting for color print, matching, performing bonding restoration, and correcting the shape; and 5)establishing the files to be protected and restored. The protection and restoration method has important meaning for protection, management, utilization and research for the movable ceramic polychrome cultural relics.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to removable relics Conservative restoration field, be specifically related to a kind of method of repairing for removable ceramic colored drawing historical relic's protection.
Background technology
China's ceramic colored drawing historical relic is numerous, and they are the witness of China's history culture in several thousand and carrier in kind, have high history, art and scientific value.But because the manufacture craft of ceramic colored drawing historical relic own is different, by the impact of nature and human factor, the preservation condition of ceramic colored drawing historical relic is unsatisfactory, just seems particularly important and urgent to the Conservative restoration work of these ceramic colored drawing historical relics.Along with the high speed development of national economic development, obtain people gradually to the value of Tao Caihui matter historical relic and pay attention to, ceramic colored drawing historical relic's protection work increases gradually.
Summary of the invention
By the research to removable ceramic colored drawing historical relic; use for reference correlation theory and the method for ground ceramic colored drawing historical relic's protection reparation; the invention provides a kind of method of repairing for removable ceramic colored drawing historical relic's protection, to promoting that the protection of ceramic colored drawing historical relic, management, utilization, research have great significance.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
For the method that removable ceramic colored drawing historical relic's protection is repaired, comprise the steps:
Step 1, essential information are collected:
The content of ceramic colored drawing historical relic essential information comprises: historical relic title, enter Tibetan time, collection unit, historical relic accession number, historical relic source, historical relic epoch, historical relic material, historical relic rank, historical relic size and historical relic quality; Repair historical information and comprise time of all previous reparation in the past, content, technology, material and anaphase effect evaluation; Conservation environment information comprises the growth of the temperature of style evolvement, humidity and microbes in air and distribution situation, and enquiry data is advisable with complete annual data;
Step 2, ceramic colored drawing cultural relic diseases are diagnosed:
According to " not changing historical relic original state " and " minimum of interference " principle, select the recognition methods of cultural relic diseases, recognition methods comprises direct observational method, by stereoscopic microscope or videomicroscopy observation and sampling analysis method;
Step 3, Conservative restoration solution formulation;
The enforcement of step 4, Conservative restoration method:
S41, cleaning:
Manual finishing under method for cleaning employing magnifying glass; To soft earth, prevailing method adopts distilled water cleaning.
S42, harmful salinity are removed:
According to soil soluble salt content and cultural artifact surface soluble salt related data, determine whether to need desalination and desalination degree, according to colored drawing preservation condition, desalination work is carried out after local stiffening colored drawing, adopt paper pulp pack, the paper (as filter paper or numb paper etc.) of good water absorption is immersed in distilled water, heated and stirred becomes paper pulp, the paper pulp made is wrapped in the surface of implements, utilize capillarity, soluble salt in implements is just adsorbed on paper pulp, often changes fresh paper pulp, to arrive the thorough removal of harmful salinity; For complete implements, the moistening filter paper of multilayer is adopted to stick pottery without colored drawing or the repeatable operation desalination of colored drawing incomplete region; For pottery sheet, before vertex-gluing graph, stick/soak pottery sheet inside with the moistening filter paper of multilayer and carry out desalination;
S43, colored drawing reinforcement protection:
Colored drawing implements for simple coat of colo(u)r (not containing organic underlayer): the earth on implements surface is slowly dry after removing, adopt spraying 2-5%ParaloidB72/ ethyl acetate+ethanolic soln to carry out colored drawing consolidation process; During concrete operations, directly can be dipped in smallclothes implements and add penetration reinforcement in solid-liquid, the method for decompress osmosis also can be utilized to reinforce; Instillation can be adopted to carry out oozing note for large part implements to reinforce.
S44, match-place:
Take " close interworking method " principle, adjacent or the close implements fragment ten group of numbering is carried out interworking, spell the fragment had more in back pkt. first to take out, by also picking out of scarce sky, allow their first mutually match-places, if match-place does not go up, then carry out interworking, till all finding whereabouts with ten of rear adjacent; The maximum feature that this speed joins method is exactly close according to numbering, and the inevitable close principle in its position, cost savings the time of match-place, improve working efficiency.
S45, vertex-gluing graph:
First the dust on adhesive surface and dirt will be removed before bonding, as far as possible that surface dust and dirt removal is clean, to ensure bond effect; In bonding process, spread upon equably on interface by tackiness agent, make sizing material dissolve in section completely, tackiness agent must be in a liquid state; Employing 5%, 10-20% polyacrylic resin/ethyl acetate solution step by step concentration raise process fracture as sealing coat, after layer complete drying to be isolated, spread epoxy resin adhesive and carry out bonding; Time bonding, paste 3 centimetres of paper self-adhesive tapes in advance on breaking joint both sides, prevent caking agent from overflowing after stain pottery face and colored drawing;
S46, recruit orthopedic:
For incomplete position or the position affecting implements stability, " A.J.K " material (vibrin+jute+china clay) is used to recruit;
Step 6, Conservative restoration archives are set up:
Fill in historical relic's protection according to standard format and repair archives, to record the preservation condition of historical relic and the content that will relate in Conservative restoration process and problem, also reserve certain white space simultaneously, so that later observation is safeguarded, update method archives.
Wherein, the direct observational method in described step 2 carries out visual inspection under comprising the steps: that ceramic colored drawing historical relic or pottery sheet are placed in suitable light condition, observes with or without be full of cracks, warp, hollowing, comes off, crack, crack, residual disconnected, peel off, distortion, portrays, plant damage, animal damages, and the defect phenomenon such as variable color, should meet the regulation of WW/T 0021-2010 to the diagram of disease.
Wherein, in described step 2 by stereoscopic microscope or videomicroscopy observation comprise the steps: operation time open microscope, debugged optical system and microcomputer software; After preparation work completes, historical relic to be detected to be put down gently near microscope on spacious, stable table top; Utilize microscope to illustrate according to microscope work with camera lens (or photoconductive fiber camera lens) careful, careful observation analysis carried out to implements disease position; Carry out IMAQ, process, record test condition simultaneously; Judge disease species according to Disease Characters, adopt experiment analytical method to judge further, identify disease species, draw disease figure, record disease distribution position; For taking off variable color disease, can according to GB/T 3977, GB/T 3978, GB/T 3979, GB/T7921 chromascope, color difference meter analyzing and testing.
Wherein, sampling analysis method in described step 2 comprises the steps: position forefathers will being avoided to process when sampling, after selected sampling spot, write sample number into spectrum exactly be placed in sampling spot with simple description with label paper or paper slip, the front photo of shooting sampling also marks on the overall photo of historical relic and line chart; Fill in sampling written record, content comprises the numbering of sample, position, color, form, sampling object, intends the analytical procedure that adopts and other remark informations; Adopt bleeding iron to start sampling, sample is placed among suitable container, and indicates sample number into spectrum and simple description thereon; Then selection analysis instrument and analytical procedure are analyzed as required.
Wherein, the available instrument analytical method of sampling analysis and applicable disease as follows: surface attachments according to GB/T16399, GB/T14506 analyze; Scleroma thing is analyzed according to the mensuration BS 7755-4.4.2-1997 of soil microbial biomass according to Infrared spectroscopy GB/T6040, microbe damage according to scanning electron microscope analysis JY/T010, animals and plants infringement according to Ion Chromatographic Method JY/T020, crisp powder according to X-ray diffraction analysis JY/T009, soluble salt.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
Establish the protection repair method of a whole set of Movable Cultural Relics, to promoting that the protection of ceramic colored drawing historical relic, management, utilization, research have great significance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schema of a kind of method for removable ceramic colored drawing historical relic's protection reparation of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, embodiments provide a kind of method of repairing for removable ceramic colored drawing historical relic's protection, comprise the steps:
Step 1, essential information are collected:
The content of ceramic colored drawing historical relic essential information comprises: historical relic title, enter Tibetan time, collection unit, historical relic accession number, historical relic source, historical relic epoch, historical relic material, historical relic rank, historical relic size and historical relic quality; Repair historical information and comprise time of all previous reparation in the past, content, technology, material and anaphase effect evaluation; Conservation environment information comprises the growth of the temperature of style evolvement, humidity and microbes in air and distribution situation, and enquiry data is advisable with complete annual data;
Step 2, ceramic colored drawing cultural relic diseases are diagnosed:
According to " not changing historical relic original state " and " minimum of interference " principle, select the recognition methods of cultural relic diseases, recognition methods comprises direct observational method, by stereoscopic microscope or videomicroscopy observation and sampling analysis method; Direct observational method carries out visual inspection under comprising the steps: that ceramic colored drawing historical relic or pottery sheet are placed in suitable light condition, observes with or without be full of cracks, warps, hollowing, comes off, crack, crack, residual disconnected, peel off, distortion, portray, plant damage, animal damages, the defect phenomenon such as variable color, should meet the regulation of WW/T0021-2010 to the diagram of disease.Open microscope when comprising the steps: operation by stereoscopic microscope or videomicroscopy observation, debug optical system and microcomputer software; After preparation work completes, historical relic to be detected to be put down gently near microscope on spacious, stable table top; Utilize microscope to illustrate according to microscope work with camera lens (or photoconductive fiber camera lens) careful, careful observation analysis carried out to implements disease position; Carry out IMAQ, process, record test condition simultaneously; Judge disease species according to Disease Characters, adopt experiment analytical method to judge further, identify disease species, draw disease figure, record disease distribution position; For taking off variable color disease, can according to GB/T 3977, GB/T 3978, GB/T 3979, GB/T 7921 chromascope, color difference meter analyzing and testing.Sampling analysis method comprises the steps: position forefathers will being avoided to process when sampling, and after selected sampling spot, write sample number into spectrum exactly be placed in sampling spot with simple description with label paper or paper slip, the front photo of shooting sampling also marks on the overall photo of historical relic and line chart; Fill in sampling written record, content comprises the numbering of sample, position, color, form, sampling object, intends the analytical procedure that adopts and other remark informations; Adopt bleeding iron to start sampling, sample is placed among suitable container, and indicates sample number into spectrum and simple description thereon; Then selection analysis instrument and analytical procedure are analyzed as required, the available instrument analytical method of sampling analysis and applicable disease as follows: surface attachments according to GB/T16399, GB/T14506 analyze; Scleroma thing is analyzed according to the mensuration BS7755-4.4.2-1997 of soil microbial biomass according to Infrared spectroscopy GB/T6040, microbe damage according to scanning electron microscope analysis JY/T010, animals and plants infringement according to Ion Chromatographic Method JY/T020, crisp powder according to X-ray diffraction analysis JY/T009, soluble salt.
Step 3, Conservative restoration solution formulation;
The enforcement of step 4, Conservative restoration method:
S41, cleaning:
Manual finishing under method for cleaning employing magnifying glass; To soft earth, prevailing method adopts distilled water cleaning.
S42, harmful salinity are removed:
According to soil soluble salt content and cultural artifact surface soluble salt related data, determine whether to need desalination and desalination degree, according to colored drawing preservation condition, desalination work is carried out after local stiffening colored drawing, adopt paper pulp pack, the paper (as filter paper or numb paper etc.) of good water absorption is immersed in distilled water, heated and stirred becomes paper pulp, the paper pulp made is wrapped in the surface of implements, utilize capillarity, soluble salt in implements is just adsorbed on paper pulp, often changes fresh paper pulp, to arrive the thorough removal of harmful salinity; For complete implements, the moistening filter paper of multilayer is adopted to stick pottery without colored drawing or the repeatable operation desalination of colored drawing incomplete region; For pottery sheet, before vertex-gluing graph, stick/soak pottery sheet inside with the moistening filter paper of multilayer and carry out desalination;
S43, colored drawing reinforcement protection:
Colored drawing implements for simple coat of colo(u)r (not containing organic underlayer): the earth on implements surface is slowly dry after removing, adopt spraying 2-5%ParaloidB72/ ethyl acetate+ethanolic soln to carry out colored drawing consolidation process; During concrete operations, directly can be dipped in smallclothes implements and add penetration reinforcement in solid-liquid, the method for decompress osmosis also can be utilized to reinforce; Instillation can be adopted to carry out oozing note for large part implements to reinforce.
S44, match-place:
Take " close interworking method " principle, adjacent or the close implements fragment ten group of numbering is carried out interworking, spell the fragment had more in back pkt. first to take out, by also picking out of scarce sky, allow their first mutually match-places, if match-place does not go up, then carry out interworking, till all finding whereabouts with ten of rear adjacent; The maximum feature that this speed joins method is exactly close according to numbering, and the inevitable close principle in its position, cost savings the time of match-place, improve working efficiency.
S45, vertex-gluing graph:
First the dust on adhesive surface and dirt will be removed before bonding, as far as possible that surface dust and dirt removal is clean, to ensure bond effect; In bonding process, spread upon equably on interface by tackiness agent, make sizing material dissolve in section completely, tackiness agent must be in a liquid state; Employing 5%, 10-20% polyacrylic resin/ethyl acetate solution step by step concentration raise process fracture as sealing coat, after layer complete drying to be isolated, spread epoxy resin adhesive and carry out bonding; Time bonding, paste 3 centimetres of paper self-adhesive tapes in advance on breaking joint both sides, prevent caking agent from overflowing after stain pottery face and colored drawing;
S46, recruit orthopedic:
For incomplete position or the position affecting implements stability, " A.J.K " material (vibrin+jute+china clay) is used to recruit;
Step 6, Conservative restoration archives are set up:
Fill in historical relic's protection according to standard format and repair archives, to record the preservation condition of historical relic and the content that will relate in Conservative restoration process and problem, also reserve certain white space simultaneously, so that later observation is safeguarded, update method archives.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1., for the method that removable ceramic colored drawing historical relic's protection is repaired, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step 1, essential information are collected:
The content of ceramic colored drawing historical relic essential information comprises: historical relic title, enter Tibetan time, collection unit, historical relic accession number, historical relic source, historical relic epoch, historical relic material, historical relic rank, historical relic size and historical relic quality; Repair historical information and comprise time of all previous reparation in the past, content, technology, material and anaphase effect evaluation; Conservation environment information comprises the growth of the temperature of style evolvement, temperature and microbes in air and distribution situation, and enquiry data is advisable with complete annual data;
Step 2, ceramic colored drawing cultural relic diseases are diagnosed:
According to " not changing historical relic original state " and " minimum of interference " principle, select the recognition methods of cultural relic diseases, recognition methods comprises direct observational method, by stereoscopic microscope or videomicroscopy observation and sampling analysis method;
Step 3, Conservative restoration solution formulation;
The enforcement of step 4, Conservative restoration method:
S41, cleaning:
Manual finishing under method for cleaning employing magnifying glass;
S42, harmful salinity are removed:
According to soil soluble salt content and cultural artifact surface soluble salt related data, determine whether to need desalination and desalination degree, according to colored drawing preservation condition, after local stiffening colored drawing, carry out desalination work, adopt paper pulp pack, be immersed in distilled water by the paper of good water absorption, heated and stirred becomes paper pulp, the paper pulp made is wrapped in the surface of implements, utilize capillarity, soluble salt in implements is just adsorbed on paper pulp, often changes fresh paper pulp, to arrive the thorough removal of harmful salinity; For complete implements, the moistening filter paper of multilayer is adopted to stick pottery without colored drawing or the repeatable operation desalination of colored drawing incomplete region; For pottery sheet, before vertex-gluing graph, stick/soak pottery sheet inside with the moistening filter paper of multilayer and carry out desalination;
S43, colored drawing reinforcement protection:
Colored drawing implements for simple coat of colo(u)r: the earth on implements surface is slowly dry after removing, adopt spraying 2-5%ParaloidB72/ ethyl acetate+ethanolic soln to carry out colored drawing consolidation process;
S44, match-place:
Take " close interworking method " principle, adjacent or the close implements fragment ten group of numbering is carried out interworking, spell the fragment had more in back pkt. first to take out, by also picking out of scarce sky, allow their first mutually match-places, if match-place does not go up, then carry out interworking, till all finding whereabouts with ten of rear adjacent;
S45, vertex-gluing graph:
First the dust on adhesive surface and dirt will be removed before bonding, as far as possible that surface dust and dirt removal is clean, to ensure bond effect; In bonding process, spread upon equably on interface by tackiness agent, make sizing material dissolve in section completely, tackiness agent must be in a liquid state; Employing 5%, 10-20% polyacrylic resin/ethyl acetate solution step by step concentration raise process fracture as sealing coat, after layer complete drying to be isolated, spread epoxy resin adhesive and carry out bonding; Time bonding, paste 3 centimetres of paper self-adhesive tapes in advance on breaking joint both sides, prevent caking agent from overflowing after stain pottery face and colored drawing;
S46, recruit orthopedic:
For incomplete position or the position affecting implements stability, " A.J.K " material is used to recruit;
Step 6, Conservative restoration archives are set up:
Fill in historical relic's protection according to standard format and repair archives, to record the preservation condition of historical relic and the content that will relate in Conservative restoration process and problem, also reserve certain white space simultaneously, so that later observation is safeguarded, update method archives.
2. a kind of method of repairing for removable ceramic colored drawing historical relic's protection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the direct observational method in described step 2 carries out visual inspection under comprising the steps: that ceramic colored drawing historical relic or pottery sheet are placed in suitable light condition; observe with or without be full of cracks, warp, hollowing; come off, crack, crack; residual disconnected, peel off, distortion; portray, plant damage, animal damages; the defect phenomenon such as variable color, should meet the regulation of WW/T 0021-2010 to the diagram of disease.
3. a kind of method of repairing for removable ceramic colored drawing historical relic's protection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2 by stereoscopic microscope or videomicroscopy observation comprise the steps: operation time open microscope, debugged optical system and microcomputer software; After preparation work completes, historical relic to be detected to be put down gently near microscope on spacious, stable table top; Utilize microscope to illustrate according to microscope work with camera lens careful, careful observation analysis carried out to implements disease position; Carry out IMAQ, process, record test condition simultaneously; Judge disease species according to Disease Characters, adopt experiment analytical method to judge further, identify disease species, draw disease figure, record disease distribution position; For taking off variable color disease, can according to GB/T 3977, GB/T 3978, GB/T 3979, GB/T 7921 chromascope, color difference meter analyzing and testing.
4. a kind of method of repairing for removable ceramic colored drawing historical relic's protection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, sampling analysis method in described step 2 comprises the steps: position forefathers will being avoided to process when sampling, after selected sampling spot, write sample number into spectrum exactly with label paper or paper slip and simply describe and be placed in sampling spot, before shooting sampling, photo also marks on historical relic entirety photo and line chart; Fill in sampling written record, content comprises the numbering of sample, position, color, form, sampling object, intends the analytical procedure that adopts and other remark informations; Adopt bleeding iron to start sampling, sample is placed among suitable container, and indicates sample number into spectrum and simple description thereon; Then selection analysis instrument and analytical procedure are analyzed as required.
5. a kind of method of repairing for removable ceramic colored drawing historical relic's protection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the available instrument analytical method of sampling analysis and applicable disease as follows: surface attachments according to GB/T16399, GB/T14506 analyze; Scleroma thing is analyzed according to the mensuration BS 7755-4.4.2-1997 of soil microbial biomass according to Infrared spectroscopy GB/T6040, microbe damage according to scanning electron microscope analysis JY/T010, animals and plants infringement according to Ion Chromatographic Method JY/T020, crisp powder according to X-ray diffraction analysis JY/T009, soluble salt.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107102089A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-08-29 | 北京市古代建筑研究所 | A kind of analysis method for evaluating stone cultural artifact desalting effect |
| CN108705893A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-10-26 | 中国社会科学院考古研究所 | A kind of historical relic restorative procedure of outer support cluster |
| CN109130686A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-04 | 上海建为历保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of reversible colored drawing restorative procedure |
| CN111861970A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2020-10-30 | 天和防务技术（北京）有限公司 | Ancient cultural relic restoration processing method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN112210238A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-12 | 广东潮鑫建设工程有限公司 | Cultural relic protection repair complementary color matching method |
| CN113666663A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2021-11-19 | 佛山市天工嘉荟文化科技有限公司 | Large-area reparation ceramic defect material and ancient ceramic repair process |
| CN114199771A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-18 | 重庆大学 | Cultural relic anti-theft spectrum monitoring method and system based on filter wheel camera |
| CN114713571A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-08 | 中国人民大学 | Method for stripping adhesive label paper on surface of paper cultural relic |
| CN115178509A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-14 | 南京博物院 | Sizing material colored drawing cultural relic reinforcement and surface clay cleaning method considering archaeological unearthing |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107102089A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-08-29 | 北京市古代建筑研究所 | A kind of analysis method for evaluating stone cultural artifact desalting effect |
| CN108705893A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-10-26 | 中国社会科学院考古研究所 | A kind of historical relic restorative procedure of outer support cluster |
| CN109130686A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-04 | 上海建为历保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of reversible colored drawing restorative procedure |
| CN111861970A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2020-10-30 | 天和防务技术（北京）有限公司 | Ancient cultural relic restoration processing method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN111861970B (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2023-11-10 | 天和防务技术（北京）有限公司 | Ancient relic restoration processing method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN112210238A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-12 | 广东潮鑫建设工程有限公司 | Cultural relic protection repair complementary color matching method |
| CN113666663A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2021-11-19 | 佛山市天工嘉荟文化科技有限公司 | Large-area reparation ceramic defect material and ancient ceramic repair process |
| CN113666663B (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2021-12-21 | 佛山市天工嘉荟文化科技有限公司 | Large-area reparation ceramic defect material and ancient ceramic repair process |
| CN114199771A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-18 | 重庆大学 | Cultural relic anti-theft spectrum monitoring method and system based on filter wheel camera |
| CN114713571A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-08 | 中国人民大学 | Method for stripping adhesive label paper on surface of paper cultural relic |
| CN114713571B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-05-16 | 中国人民大学 | Method for stripping self-adhesive label paper on surface of paper cultural relics |
| CN115178509A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-14 | 南京博物院 | Sizing material colored drawing cultural relic reinforcement and surface clay cleaning method considering archaeological unearthing |
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Application publication date: 20150819 |