CN104823673A - Plant adjusting method for muskmelon long-season cultivation - Google Patents
Plant adjusting method for muskmelon long-season cultivation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant adjusting method for muskmelon long-season cultivation. The plant adjusting method for muskmelon long-season cultivation includes the steps that when a muskmelon vine grows to 30-50 cm long, pruning begins, and one main vine is retained; first, the main vine is made to bear a muskmelon, after the first batch of muskmelons expand, one more muskmelon is borne, and a strong randomly selected vine sprouting at the stem base of the plant is retained as a fruiting vine for the next batch of muskmelons; after the first batch of muskmelons are harvested, the fertilizer and water management is strengthened to promote the expansion of the second batch of muskmelons and the strong growth of the retained fruiting vine; one muskmelon is borne on the retained fruiting vine after the second batch of muskmelons expand; after the second batch of muskmelons are harvested, the fruited old vine is pruned away, the fertilizer and water management is strengthened to promote the expansion of the third batch of muskmelons and the regeneration and the strong growth of the randomly selected vine at the stem base of the plant, and one strong randomly selected vine is retained as a fruiting vine for fruiting again; the operation is repeated and a total of at least five batches of muskmelons are produced and harvested. The plant adjusting method for muskmelon long-season cultivation can give full play to the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, and the one-time planting and multi-harvesting long-season cultivation suitable for muskmelons is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to melon wilt technical field, be specifically related to a kind of Plant adjustment method of muskmelon Long term cultivation.
Background technology
Muskmelon is a kind of important economic crops, and it is good in economic efficiency that it is cultivated, and particularly the economic benefit of facility cultivation is considerable, has become the important channel increasing peasant economy income at a lot of regional melon wilt.China is muskmelon production and supplyment big country, muskmelon year sowing area 590,000 hectares, gross yield 1,462 ten thousand tons, accounts for 46% and 53% of world's sowing area and gross yield respectively.Therefore, China's muskmelon produce occupy in the world critical role (other dragon. China's watermelon and muskmelon graft seedling growth industry development Status quo and countermeasures. Chinese melon dish, 2011,24 (2): 68-71).Muskmelon, as a kind of important high-efficiency and economic crop, plays an important role in China's Planter industry structure adjustment and promotion farmer richness increase income.
Muskmelon a kind ofly likes temperature, happiness light, happiness water but be afraid of to wet, require the melon high-efficiency and economic crop of dry, not resistance to stain, not only undergrowth under low temperature overcast and rainy day weather conditions, and damage by disease and insect is caused harm seriously.If the phase of bearing fruit meets rainy weather blooming, bear fruit poor, have a strong impact on southern muskmelon particularly thick-skinned melon cultivation yield and quality.China In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River low temperature overcast and rainy day in early spring weather is many, and at the end of spring and the beginning of summer many heavy rains, have the plum rain season of 20 ~ 30 days mid or late June to mid-July, and continuous rainfall weather is many, and rainfall is concentrated, and air humidity is large; Not only there is dry season weather It is the end of summer, just turning into autumn, and is typhoon multiple season, and often have heavy rain, these climatic characteristics have impact on growing of outdoor cropping muskmelon.So China's most area had disadvantage in time over half in the growth and division result of muskmelon in the middle of 1 year, having a big risk of common outdoor cropping, output is unstable, and poor quality, constrains the development of open country melon wilt.Therefore, China's most area only sows arrangement one batch of open country melon wilt in spring, and seldom there is the outdoor cropping of thick-skinned melon southern rainy humid area, and the listing phase of muskmelon generally concentrated on about July, and after the beginning of autumn, muskmelon is less.Owing to producing the impact that traditional crops for rotation arrange by the restriction of natural conditions and muskmelon, muskmelon is often caused to concentrate a large amount of listing, incompatible with the market demand, seasonal selling pressure is large, cause luffing between the planting scale of muskmelon and economic benefit year border comparatively large, the serious contusion enthusiasm for production of numerous melon growers.Thus muskmelon whole year production technology and Long term cultivation technology is explored, set up the production cultivation system of anniversary stable market supply, for giving full play to REGIONAL RESOURCES SUPERIORITY, evading and taking precautions against the market risk, increase farmers' income, promote that muskmelon industry develops in a healthy way significant continually and steadily.
The facility cultivations such as booth not only can overcome the unfavourable weather condition of outdoor cropping, and early stage can shift to an earlier date field planting carry out precocity or Early maturity cultivation, later stage can carry out autumn delayed cultivation, extends the muskmelon supply phase, reaches high yield, stable yields, high-quality, efficiently object.Southern area adopts the facility cultivations such as booth to succeed to thick-skinned melon in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River of rainy humidity etc.; and create good economic benefit; but a kind of one conventional plants cultivation mode received because one-time investment is large, yield poorly, cost is high, cannot form large-scale production all the time.Wei Wuqing etc. have carried out inquiring into (Wei Wuqing to thick-skinned melon Long term cultivation pattern and supporting technology, Yan Yanhua. thick-skinned melon Long term cultivation pattern and supporting technology. Shanghai vegetables, 2012, (6): 63-64), the contribution of this research is, facility cultivation 1 batch of muskmelon can be gathered 2 batches of muskmelons, altogether can be gathered 4 batches of muskmelons, thus reach the object of muskmelon Long term cultivation and anniversary stable market supply by spring, autumn each facility cultivation 1 batch of muskmelon; Its defect is, the Plant adjustment method of this Long term cultivation pattern adopts common " two climing formula " or " single climing formula " training type, every batch of muskmelon is gathered after 2 batches of melons and is just terminated, realize muskmelon Long term cultivation and anniversary stable market supply 1 year needs plant spring, autumn 2 batches of muskmelons, often cultivate the processes such as 1 batch of muskmelon all will repeat wholely, sowing, nursery, field planting, labour intensity is large, takes a lot of work, time-consuming, and commerial growing is more difficult.The muskmelon Long term cultivation technology of Wang Yuhong etc. (Wang Yuhong etc. Melon Long term cultivation technology. Ningbo agricultural science, 2009, (4): 28-30), its Plant adjustment method is also adopt common " two climing formula " training type, after 2 batches of muskmelons of gathering, cut result always climing, until newly climing send after again training stay fruit.Its defect is, in fact this Long term cultivation technology belongs to general ratooning technology, climing owing to directly wiping out always after muskmelon is gathered, the acrial part of plant and the growth balanced relation of under ground portion are destroyed suddenly, the aging of muskmelon root system is accelerated, its growth declines with absorbing capacity, the indefinite bud causing Muskmelon Plants base portion to be hidden is sprouted slow, the indefinite growing way of overgrowing of pumping is weak, some indivedual old and feeble plant is dead even ahead of time, can not pumping indefinite climing and occur lack root and stem of certain plants phenomenon, so the output of unripe watermelon yields poorly a lot than 2 batches of melons again, quality is also poor, and only achieve a kind of 3 ~ 4 receipts, practical extending application value is also little.Implantation methods (the application number 201410699575.7 that a kind of thick-skinned melon is received one batch more, application publication number CN 104350936 A) to criticize before muskmelon is gathered at head and use composite fertilizer in 12 ~ 18 days, promote that root sprouts new lateral bine, shear when gathering that result is climing, root retain 1 healthy and strong climing carry out on once result, although this partly can overcome the defect of above-mentioned ratooning technology, cultivate 1 batch of muskmelon and at least can to gather 3 batches of melons; Its defect is, Plant adjustment method remains common " two climing formula " training type, and bear fruit for 1 time more, nutrient consumption is larger, again adopt conventional fertilizer water management technology, Muskmelon Plants and root system are easy to aging, the growth potential of the new lateral bine of pumping is poor, and aging is very fast, the yielding poorly of later several the melons of institute, poor quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, facility cultivation is carried out by selecting applicable melon variety, and according to the characteristic of growing of muskmelon, the indefinite bud of Muskmelon Plants base portion is utilized to be easy to the indefinite climing feature of repeatedly pumping, by rational rich water quality management, a kind of muskmelon is provided once to sow cultivation, repeatedly result, " list-bis-climing alternative expression " the Plant adjustment method of the Long term cultivation of repeatedly gathering, reaches the object extending muskmelon supply phase, highly efficient and productive, Long term cultivation.
A Plant adjustment method for muskmelon Long term cultivation, comprises the following steps:
(1) muskmelon adopts facility cultivation;
(2) start training when the climing length of muskmelon 30 ~ 50 centimetres, retain 1 master climing;
(3) allow and main climingly first sit 1, melon, after the 1st batch of melon just fully expands (namely after fixed, when muskmelon just expanded no longer to continue to be called when expanding after certain volume size surely individual, muskmelon is generally preordained individual ripe front 7 ~ 15) sit 1, melon again, and the indefinite climing result as the 3rd batch of melon of 1 article of stalwartness of plant base portion pumping of selecting and remain is climing; The robust growth climing with reserved result that expand that rich water quality management promotes the 2nd batch of melon strengthened by 1st batch of melon after gathering;
On the result of the 3rd batch of reserved melon is climing, 1, melon is sat after (4) the 2nd batches of melons just fully expand;
The always climing of result wiped out by (5) the 2nd batches of melons after gathering, strengthen rich water quality management and promote expanding of the 3rd batch of melon and the indefinite climing regeneration of plant base portion and robust growth, and 1 indefinite climing result as again tying melon of selecting and remain is climing;
(6) repeat step (4) ~ (5) altogether at least carry out the production of 5 batches of muskmelons and gather.
Melon variety described in step (1) be grow under low temperature and poor light condition, the regeneration capacity of plant is strong, heat-resisting, resistance, bearing fruit property are good, fruit maturation is fast, product of fine quality in the precocious thick-skinned melon variety of small fruit type, or the high-quality Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of applicable facility cultivation; Comprise: Elizabethan, Snow White, avenge EL in vain, Luo Tuo, silver-colored honey, emerald green perfume (or spice), the sweet world are fought in radix curcumae perfume, moonlight, Calusena lansium 9818, 'Zhongtian 1', golden beauty, clear monarch No. 1, No. 6, gold honey, sweet No. 4 of river in Zhejiang Province, west;
Described facility cultivation preferably adopts double break root graft Floating nursing, select with muskmelon grafting affinity strong, well developed root system, disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, do not affect quality and the local flavor of muskmelon, not easily early ageing and hypocotyl easily produce the stock variety of adventive root, comprising: No. 3, the glad anvil in pumpkin variety capital, No. 2, river in Zhejiang Province anvil, No. 1, holy anvil, Xin Tuzuo, hero, all-round armor, No. 1, southern anvil, No. 3, southern anvil, and special stock melon variety century star muskmelon, section letter No. 1, anvil, moral height iron prop.
Step (2) starts training, retains 1 master climing, wipes out climing for son following for climing for this master 7 joints.
The detailed process of step (3) is: when the lateral bine of main climing 7 ~ 10 joints is bloomed, carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote to bear fruit, and stay 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, what main climing 15 joints of excision were following does not tie melon lateral bine; To select and remain in time when young melon egg size 1 normotrophic maximum young melon; After the 1st batch of melon just fully expands, when the lateral bine of main 15 ~ 20 climing joints is bloomed, carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote bearing fruit of the 2nd batch of melon, and 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching is stayed after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, main climing 24 ~ 28 joints are pinched, wipe out the lateral bine not tying melon, but climing in the indefinite climing result as the 3rd batch of melon of the indefinite climing rear reservation 1 article of plant base portion pumping.
After in said method, the 2nd batch of melon just fully expands, when the lateral bines of climing 7 ~ 15 joints of the 3rd batch of melon result are bloomed, select normotrophic female flower to carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote bearing fruit of the 3rd batch of melon, and 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching is stayed after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, this result is climing pinches when growing to 18 ~ 22 leaf, the lateral bine not tying melon is all extractd, but 1 that will the retain plant base portion pumping indefinite climing result as again tying melon is climing.
In said method step (3), the 1st batch of melon maturation selects and remain 1 normotrophic maximum young melon as the 2nd batch of melon after gathering, impose except swelling melon fertilizer promotion Fruit in time except managing routinely, also to impose 1 compound rich water more, described compound rich water comprises: execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5 ~ 6 kilograms, potassium sulfate 1 ~ 2 kilogram for every mu, add green rhythm again to urge root and increase sweet punching and execute liquid 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram, promote the 3rd batch of robust growth that melon result is climing with supplementary plant nutrition.
In said method step (3) when the climing length of result more than 30 ~ 50 centimetres of the 3rd batch of reserved melon, every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time; Or every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer 60 ~ 90 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time, to promote the 3rd batch of robust growth that melon result is climing, and wipe out the following lateral bine of climing 7 joints of this result.
In said method step (5), the 2nd batch of melon maturation wipes out the always climing of result in time after gathering, select and remain 1 normotrophic maximum young melon as the 3rd batch of melon simultaneously, impose except swelling melon fertilizer promotion Fruit in time except managing routinely, also to impose 1 compound rich water more, described compound rich water comprises: every mu is executed potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5 kilograms, marine alga rushes fertilising 4 kilograms, add green rhythm again to urge root and increase sweet punching and execute liquid 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram, the robust growth that the result promoting again to tie melon with supplementary plant nutrition is climing.
In said method step (5) when the climing length of the result again tying melon newly stayed more than 30 centimetres, every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer 60 ~ 90 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time; Or add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time with 30 kilograms of clear water, with the robust growth that the result promoting again to tie melon is climing.
In said method, the production of 4th ~ 5 batches of melons is identical with the production process of the 3rd batch of melon.
The joint number that in the inventive method, muskmelon is climing is all count from the bottom up.
Facility cultivation of the present invention adopts plastic tunnel or attached-greenhouse to carry out plastic mulching facility cultivation early spring.
The present invention selects with muskmelon grafting affinity strong, well developed root system, disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, do not affect quality and the local flavor of muskmelon, not easily early ageing and the stock variety that hypocotyl easily produces adventive root makes stock, adopt the nursery of double break root graft Floating nursing method can prevent the later stage plant with the aging of root system, effectively can prevent and treat the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as Muskmelon Fusarium wilt and alleviation soil continuous cropping obstacle.
Described double break root graft Floating nursing method nursery is: stock of first choosing during grafting, and stock primitive root system is cut away at stock plumular axis collar place of 5 ~ 7 centimetres below cotyledonary node, the method of plant propagation with cutting is adopted to carry out grafting again, after grafting rapidly by the cuttage of root pruning and grafting seedling in the expanded polystyrene floatation of foam seedling-cultivating tray filling seedling medium, then the floating seedling tray rapid flotation of good for cuttage grafting is carried out in the seedbed filling clear water the management of healing and phase of taking root, in seedbed, conventional nutritive liquid for floating breeding is injected after grafting survives, management after allowing grafting swim in nutrient solution to carry out grafting to survive.
The present invention has following good effect: the Plant adjustment method of muskmelon Long term cultivation is not adopt general two climing training or single climing training, the result that neither just start to cultivate next group melon as common ratooning after muskmelon is gathered is climing, but 1 the healthy and strong result just starting to cultivate at plant base portion next group melon after muskmelon is beared fruit is climing, plant is made to become two climing by list is climing, the always climing of result is wiped out in time after muskmelon is gathered, make plant again by two climing return to single climing, the aging of muskmelon root system can not be accelerated like this, the growth of root system and absorbing capacity can not obviously decline.Not only can overcome common ratooning climing owing to wiping out always after muskmelon is gathered at once, suddenly the acrial part of plant and the growth balanced relation of under ground portion is broken, and the indefinite bud making Muskmelon Plants base portion hide is sprouted slow, the shortcoming such as the indefinite growing way of overgrowing of pumping is weak, and can shorten two batches of melons gather between interval time.Meanwhile, the every strain of this Plant adjustment mode is only beared fruit 1 at every turn, and avoid owing to bearing fruit too much and make overnutrition consumption, the plant caused does sth. in advance aging phenomenon.Utilize the insulation in booth or greenhouse and effect of taking shelter from rain, add the rich water quality management of science, Muskmelon Plants can be made to keep sane growing way for a long time and not early ageing, the photosynthetic efficiency of muskmelon blade can be given full play to, there is provided abundant photosynthetic product often to criticize muskmelon with guarantee can fully expand, thus realize the object that muskmelon once plants Multiple harvests, Long term cultivation.
Embodiment
There is following embodiment can be described in detail essence of the present invention, and can not the present invention be limited.
Embodiment 1
(1) select to grow under low temperature and poor light condition, the regeneration capacity of plant be strong, heat-resisting, resistance, bearing fruit property are good, fruit maturation is fast, product of fine quality in the precocious thick-skinned melon variety of small fruit type, also can select the high-quality Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of applicable facility cultivation, selectable melon variety has: Elizabethan, Snow White, avenge EL in vain, Luo Tuo, silver-colored honey, emerald green perfume (or spice), the sweet world etc. are fought in radix curcumae perfume, moonlight, Calusena lansium 9818, 'Zhongtian 1', golden beauty, clear monarch No. 1, No. 6, gold honey, sweet No. 4 of river in Zhejiang Province, west.When can have continuous 5 ~ 7 fine days in 1 ~ February around the Spring Festival, employing nutritive cube or seedling-cultivating tray concentrate on nursery on the electric seed bed heater in greenhouse or booth.In order to improve the adaptability of muskmelon seedling to low temperature, make well developed root system, improve water suction, fertilizer sucting ability, prevent later stage plant and the aging of root system, the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as effective control Muskmelon Fusarium wilt and alleviation soil continuous cropping obstacle, preferably adopts the nursery of double break root graft Floating nursing technology.Stock variety is selected with muskmelon grafting affinity strong, well developed root system, disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, do not affect quality and the local flavor of muskmelon, not easily early ageing and hypocotyl easily produce the kind of adventive root, No. 3, anvil as glad in pumpkin variety capital, No. 2, river in Zhejiang Province anvil, No. 1, holy anvil, Xin Tuzuo, hero, all-round armor, No. 1, southern anvil, No. 3, southern anvil, and special stock muskmelon (this anvil) kind century star muskmelon, section letter No. 1, anvil, moral height iron prop etc.Double break root graft Floating nursing can start nursery in the greenhouse having Heating system or booth in mid or late January, when firm expansion appears in rootstock seedling the 1st true leaf, scion young plant leaf start turn green open and flat to cotyledon time carry out grafting, first to choose during grafting stock, and stock primitive root system is cut away at stock plumular axis collar place of 5 ~ 7 centimetres below cotyledonary node, then the method for plant propagation with cutting is adopted to carry out grafting.After grafting rapidly by the cuttage of root pruning and grafting seedling in the expanded polystyrene floatation of foam seedling-cultivating tray filling seedling medium, 1 strain is inserted in every cave, the cuttage degree of depth 2 ~ 3 centimetres.Then the floating seedling tray rapid flotation of good for cuttage grafting is being filled in the dark seedbed of 3 ~ 4 centimetres, clear water the management carrying out healing and phase of taking root.In seedbed, 8 ~ 10 centimetres of dark conventional nutritive liquid for floating breeding are injected, the management after allowing grafting swim in nutrient solution to carry out grafting to survive after grafting survives.After grafting 15 ~ 22 days, garden field planting can be gone out when grafting 2 leaf 1 heart to 3 leaf 1 heart.
(2) adopt the facility cultivations such as the attached-greenhouse of plastic tunnel or good heat insulating, according to common facility muskmelon precocious or Early maturity cultivation method carry out wholely with use sufficient base manure.When 10 centimetres of dark ground temperature are stabilized in more than 15 DEG C in facility, get final product field planting when the minimum air temperature is not less than 13 DEG C, generally in plastic mulching field planting mid-February to mid-March.The kind that fruit is less generally adopts hangs climing cultivation, and the kind that fruit is larger then adopts cultivates with climbing.The plantation density of hanging climing cultivation is every mu of 1400 ~ 1800 strains, and the plantation density of cultivating with climbing is every mu of 600 ~ 850 strains, manages according to a conventional method after field planting.
(3) start training when the climing length of muskmelon 30 ~ 50 centimetres, the following son of 7 joint is climing to be wiped out (counting from the bottom up), retains 1 master climing, and the lateral bine later not tying melon is all extractd (singly climing formula).
(4) when the lateral bine of main climing 7 ~ 10 joints is bloomed, carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote to bear fruit, and stay 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching after the pollination female flower of lateral bine; Determine melon in time when young melon egg size, select and remain 1 grow fast, fruit shape just, fruit velvet hair is close, melon handle thick and the young melon of fruit shape standard, then manage routinely to impose swelling melon fertilizer in time and promote Fruit and the stable market supply ensureing plant nutrition.
(5) after the 1st batch of melon fully expands (fixed), large before the 1st batch of melon maturation 7 ~ 15 days, when the lateral bine of main 15 ~ 20 climing joints is bloomed, carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote bearing fruit of the 2nd batch of melon, and 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching is stayed after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, main climing 24 ~ 28 joints are pinched, and wipe out fruitless lateral bine, but healthy and strong indefinite climing of the indefinite climing rear attention reservation 1 of plant base portion pumping.
(6) greatly about mid or late May the 1st batch of melon maturation gather in time afterwards, now the 2nd batch of young melon of bearing fruit has egg size, to carry out in time determining melon, only selecting and remain 1, it is fast to grow, fruit shape just, fruit velvet hair is close, thick and the young melon of fruit shape standard of melon handle, then impose except swelling melon fertilizer promotion Fruit in time except managing routinely, also to impose 1 compound rich water more, execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5 ~ 6 kilograms for every mu, potassium sulfate 1 ~ 2 kilogram, add green rhythm again to urge root and increase sweet punching and execute liquid (liquid is executed in a kind of melon special high concentration phosphorus potassium punching, what the present invention selected is that Hangzhou Greenleaf Science & Technology Co., Ltd. produces) 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram, a small amount of water-soluble solution first used respectively by fertilizer, after mixing, the pouring root and stem of certain plants is carried out to about 1500 kilograms, clear water again, or the fertilizer after dissolving is added in irrigation water and adopts fertigation, the indefinite climing pumping of plant base portion and indefinite climing robust growth is promoted with supplementary plant nutrition, emphasis cultivates the most healthy and the strongest indefinite climing result as the 3rd batch of melon climing (two climing formula) of 1 article of base portion pumping, wipe out the new unnecessary indefinite climing of pumping.When the climing length of the result of the 3rd batch of melon more than 30 ~ 50 centimetres, every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element (plant growth regulators, what the present invention selected is the production of Zhengzhou Biao Dian Chemical Co., Ltd.) 200 ~ 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time; Or every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer (a kind of commodity foliage fertilizer, what the present invention selected produces for Shanghai leads to Microbial Technics Ltd) 60 ~ 90 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time, and strengthen rich water quality management, to promote the 3rd batch of robust growth that melon result is climing, and wipe out the following lateral bine of climing 7 joints of this result.
(7) the 2nd batches of melons fully expand after (fixed), when 7th ~ 15 joint lateral bines that the 3rd batch of melon result is climing are bloomed, select normotrophic ovary is large, melon handle is thick, fruit type is positive female flower to carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote bearing fruit of the 3rd batch of melon, and 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching is stayed after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, this result is climing pinches when growing to 18 ~ 22 leaf, and the lateral bine not tying melon is all extractd.
(8) greatly about late June the 2nd batch of melon maturation gather in time afterwards, wipe out always climing (single climing formula) of result, select and remain 1 on the result of the 3rd batch of melon is climing it is fast to grow simultaneously, fruit shape just, fruit velvet hair is close, normotrophic maximum young melon is as the 3rd batch of melon, then impose except swelling melon fertilizer promotion Fruit in time except managing routinely, also to impose 1 compound rich water more, execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5 kilograms for every mu, (a kind of commodity are organic in marine alga punching fertilising, inorganic complex fertilizer, what the present invention selected is that Qingdao Mingyue Marine Alga Group Corp., Ltd. produces) 4 kilograms, add green rhythm again to urge root and increase sweet punching and execute liquid 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram, a small amount of water-soluble solution first used respectively by fertilizer, after mixing, the pouring root and stem of certain plants is carried out to about 1500 kilograms, clear water again, or the fertilizer after dissolving is added in irrigation water and adopts fertigation, to promote the indefinite climing regeneration of plant base portion and supplementary plant nutrition, and the indefinite climing result as next group melon climing (two climing formula) that 1 of base portion pumping of selecting and remain the most healthy and the strongest.When the climing length of the result newly stayed more than 30 centimetres, every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer 60 ~ 90 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time; Or add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time with 30 kilograms of clear water, and strengthen rich water quality management, to promote the robust growth that new result is climing.
(9) after the 3rd batch of melon fully expands (fixed), when 7th ~ 15 lateral bines saved that reserved new result is climing are bloomed, the female flower that normotrophic ovary is large, melon handle is thick, fruit type is positive is selected to carry out artificial supplementary pollination, promote bearing fruit of the 4th batch of melon, and 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching is stayed after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, this result is climing pinches when growing to 18 ~ 22 leaf, and the lateral bine not tying melon is all extractd.
(10) to gather the 3rd batch of melon about late July greatly, the production that the 3rd batch of melon carries out 4th ~ 5 batches of muskmelons with reference to operating procedure (8), (9) after gathering with gather, can respectively at late August and the 4th and the 5th batch of melon of gathering by the end of September.If strengthen cultivation management or adopt the facility of good heat insulating or the production of the 6th batch of melon can also be carried out in the good area of weather conditions.Adopt the Plant adjustment method of above-mentioned muskmelon Long term cultivation, the 1st batch of melon output of hanging climing cultivation is generally 1200 ~ 1400 kilograms every mu, 2nd batch of melon output is generally 1250 ~ 1550 kilograms every mu, 3rd batch of melon output is generally 1200 ~ 1350 kilograms every mu, 4th batch of melon output is generally 1100 ~ 1300 kilograms every mu, 5th batch of melon output is generally 1000 ~ 1200 kilograms every mu, and a kind of 5 output received are generally 5750 ~ 6800 kilograms every mu, often criticize the quality no significant difference between muskmelon.
Claims (10)
1. a Plant adjustment method for muskmelon Long term cultivation, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) muskmelon adopts facility cultivation;
(2) start training when the climing length of muskmelon 30 ~ 50 centimetres, retain 1 master climing;
(3) allow and main climingly first sit 1, melon, after the 1st batch of melon just fully expands, sit 1, melon again, and the indefinite climing result as the 3rd batch of melon of 1 article of stalwartness of plant base portion pumping of selecting and remain is climing; The robust growth climing with reserved result that expand that rich water quality management promotes the 2nd batch of melon strengthened by 1st batch of melon after gathering;
On the result of the 3rd batch of reserved melon is climing, 1, melon is sat after (4) the 2nd batches of melons just fully expand;
The always climing of result wiped out by (5) the 2nd batches of melons after gathering, strengthen rich water quality management and promote expanding of the 3rd batch of melon and the indefinite climing regeneration of plant base portion and robust growth, and 1 indefinite climing result as again tying melon of selecting and remain is climing;
(6) repeat step (4) ~ (5) altogether at least carry out the production of 5 batches of muskmelons and gather.
2. the Plant adjustment method of a kind of muskmelon Long term cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Melon variety described in step (1) be grow under low temperature and poor light condition, the regeneration capacity of plant is strong, heat-resisting, resistance, bearing fruit property are good, fruit maturation is fast, product of fine quality in the precocious thick-skinned melon variety of small fruit type, or the high-quality Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of applicable facility cultivation; Comprise: Elizabethan, Snow White, avenge EL in vain, Luo Tuo, silver-colored honey, emerald green perfume (or spice), the sweet world are fought in radix curcumae perfume, moonlight, Calusena lansium 9818, 'Zhongtian 1', golden beauty, clear monarch No. 1, No. 6, gold honey, sweet No. 4 of river in Zhejiang Province, west;
Described facility cultivation adopts double break root graft Floating nursing, select with muskmelon grafting affinity strong, well developed root system, disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, do not affect quality and the local flavor of muskmelon, not easily early ageing and hypocotyl easily produce the stock variety of adventive root, comprising: No. 3, the glad anvil in pumpkin variety capital, No. 2, river in Zhejiang Province anvil, No. 1, holy anvil, Xin Tuzuo, hero, all-round armor, No. 1, southern anvil, No. 3, southern anvil, and special stock melon variety century star muskmelon, section letter No. 1, anvil, moral height iron prop.
3. the Plant adjustment method of a kind of muskmelon Long term cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Step (2) starts training, retains 1 master climing, wipes out climing for son following for climing for this master 7 joints.
4. the Plant adjustment method of a kind of muskmelon Long term cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
The detailed process of step (3) is: when the lateral bine of main climing 7 ~ 10 joints is bloomed, carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote to bear fruit, and stay 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, what main climing 15 joints of excision were following does not tie melon lateral bine; To select and remain in time when young melon egg size 1 normotrophic maximum young melon; After the 1st batch of melon just fully expands, when the lateral bine of main 15 ~ 20 climing joints is bloomed, carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote bearing fruit of the 2nd batch of melon, and 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching is stayed after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, main climing 24 ~ 28 joints are pinched, wipe out the lateral bine not tying melon, but climing in the indefinite climing result as the 3rd batch of melon of the indefinite climing rear reservation 1 article of plant base portion pumping.
5. the Plant adjustment method of a kind of muskmelon Long term cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, after 2nd batch of melon just fully expands, when the lateral bines of climing 7 ~ 15 joints of the 3rd batch of melon result are bloomed, select normotrophic female flower to carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote bearing fruit of the 3rd batch of melon, and 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching is stayed after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, this result is climing pinches when growing to 18 ~ 22 leaf, the lateral bine not tying melon is all extractd, but 1 that will the retain plant base portion pumping indefinite climing result as again tying melon is climing.
6. the Plant adjustment method of a kind of muskmelon Long term cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
In step (3), the 1st batch of melon maturation selects and remain 1 normotrophic maximum young melon as the 2nd batch of melon after gathering, impose except swelling melon fertilizer promotion Fruit in time except managing routinely, also to impose 1 compound rich water more, described compound rich water comprises: execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5 ~ 6 kilograms, potassium sulfate 1 ~ 2 kilogram for every mu, add green rhythm again to urge root and increase sweet punching and execute liquid 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram, promote the 3rd batch of robust growth that melon result is climing with supplementary plant nutrition.
7. the Plant adjustment method of a kind of muskmelon Long term cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
In step (3) when the climing length of result more than 30 ~ 50 centimetres of the 3rd batch of reserved melon, every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time; Or every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer 60 ~ 90 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time, to promote the 3rd batch of robust growth that melon result is climing, and wipe out the following lateral bine of climing 7 joints of this result.
8. the Plant adjustment method of a kind of muskmelon Long term cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
In step (5), the 2nd batch of melon maturation wipes out the always climing of result in time after gathering, select and remain 1 normotrophic maximum young melon as the 3rd batch of melon simultaneously, impose except swelling melon fertilizer promotion Fruit in time except managing routinely, also to impose 1 compound rich water more, described compound rich water comprises: every mu is executed potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5 kilograms, marine alga rushes fertilising 4 kilograms, add green rhythm again to urge root and increase sweet punching and execute liquid 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram, the robust growth that the result promoting again to tie melon with supplementary plant nutrition is climing.
9. the Plant adjustment method of a kind of muskmelon Long term cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
In step (5) when the climing length of the result again tying melon newly stayed more than 30 centimetres, every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer 60 ~ 90 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time; Or add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time with 30 kilograms of clear water, with the robust growth that the result promoting again to tie melon is climing.
10. the Plant adjustment method of a kind of muskmelon Long term cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the production of 4th ~ 5 batches of melons is identical with the production process of the 3rd batch of melon.
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