CN103004392B - Plant regulating method for long-season cultivation of watermelon - Google Patents
Plant regulating method for long-season cultivation of watermelon Download PDFInfo
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- CN103004392B CN103004392B CN201210437489.XA CN201210437489A CN103004392B CN 103004392 B CN103004392 B CN 103004392B CN 201210437489 A CN201210437489 A CN 201210437489A CN 103004392 B CN103004392 B CN 103004392B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a single-double vine alternate plant regulating method for long-season cultivation of watermelon. The method comprises the following steps that (1) small fruit type watermelon varieties are adopted, and facilities are adopted for cultivation; (2) the pruning starts when the watermelon vine grows for 50 to 60cm, and only the main vine is remained to be used as a fruiting vine; (3) after the fruiting vine fructifies, 8 to 10 pieces of leaves are remained above the fructifying node position for top pruning, and except 11 lateral vines are remained above the fructifying node position and the lateral vines remain 4 to 6 pieces of leaves for top pruning, other lateral vines sprouted on the fruiting vine are all cut; (4) compound fertilizer water is applied for once before 7 to 10 days of harvesting for promoting adventitious buds to germinate and sprout adventitious vines, and one strong adventitious vine sprouted at the base part of the plant is selected and remained; (5) fructified old vines are cut in time after the watermelon harvesting, the reserved adventitious vines are remained to be used as the fruiting vines of the next crop of watermelon; and (6) the operation steps (3) to (5) are repeated for carrying out the production and the harvesting of at least five crops of watermelon. The method has the advantages that the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves can be fully exerted, and the method is suitable for the long-season cultivation of the watermelon.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultivating watermelon technical field, be specifically related to " list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment of a kind of watermelon long season cultivation.
Background technology
Watermelon occupies critical role in Ju Si Wei， world horticulture industry in the large fruit in the world ten.China is the production and consumption big country of watermelon, watermelon year harvest area reach 221.25 ten thousand hectares, produce the more than 1/2 (Sun little Wu that area and consumption figure account for world's total amount, open aobvious, Ma Yue, etc. Chinese seedless watermelon research and application. Beijing: Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2009).So watermelon is as a kind of important high-efficiency and economic crop ， China's crop mix adjustment and promote farmer richness to play an important role in increasing income.
Watermelon is happiness temperature, happiness light, happiness water but is afraid of to wet, require dry, the crop of resistance to stain not, undergrowth not only under low temperature overcast and rainy day weather conditions, and also damage by disease and insect is caused harm seriously.If meet rainy weather in the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, the difficulty of bearing fruit, has a strong impact on the yield and quality of watermelon.Particularly China In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River low temperature overcast and rainy day in early spring weather is many, and at the end of spring and the beginning of summer many heavy rains, have the plum rain season of 20～30 days mid or late June to mid-July, and continuous rainfall weather is many, and rainfall is concentrated, and air humidity is large; Not only have dry season weather It is the end of summer, just turning into autumn, and be multiple season of typhoon, often has heavy rain, and these climatic characteristics have had a strong impact on growing of outdoor cropping watermelon.So there was disadvantage in time over half China most areas in the growth of watermelon and yields positive results in the middle of 1 year, the having a big risk of common outdoor cropping, output is unstable, and poor quality, has restricted the development of open country cultivating watermelon.Therefore, only in spring, sowing arranges one batch of open country cultivating watermelon in China most areas, and the listing phase of watermelon generally concentrates on July, and after the beginning of autumn, watermelon is less.Owing to being subject to restriction and the watermelon of natural conditions, produce the impact that traditional crops for rotation arrange, often cause watermelon to concentrate a large amount of listings, incompatible with the market demand, seasonal selling pressure is large, cause between the planting scale of watermelon and economic benefit year border luffing larger, serious contusion numerous melon growers' enthusiasm for production.Thereby exploration watermelon anniversary production technology and long season culture technique, set up the production cultivation system of anniversary stable market supply, for giving full play to REGIONAL RESOURCES SUPERIORITY, evade and take precautions against the market risk, increase farmers' income, promote that the continual and steady sound development of watermelon industry is significant.
The facility cultivations such as booth not only can overcome the unfavourable weather condition of outdoor cropping, and can shift to an earlier date field planting carry out precocity or special ealy maturing culture early stage, later stage can be carried out autumn delayed cultivation, extends the watermelon supply phase, reaches high yield, stable yields, high-quality, efficient object.Small fruit type watermelon is stronger than common watermelon to the adaptability of environment, and its characteristic main manifestations that grows is: branchiness is strong, female flower occur early and raw close, easily bear fruit; Fruit shape is little, and fruit development period is short, and under the thermophilic condition of 25 ℃～30 ℃, female flower is open into fruit maturation and only needs about 25 days, more common early mature watermelon kind 7～10 days ahead of time; The capacity of fruit nutrient input is little, and little to plant idiotrophic growth effect, the periodicity of result is not obvious, continue bearing capacity strong (Xiao Guanghui, Liu Jianxiong. small fruit type cultivating watermelon technology. Changsha: Hunan science tech publishing house, 2010).Because the breeding time of small fruit type watermelon is shorter, wide adaptability, can grow in Various Seasonal, so planting form can be varied.Xiao Guanghui etc. to the ratooning technology of the anniversary production technology of small fruit type watermelon and small fruit type watermelon carried out inquiring into (Xiao Guanghui, Liang Zhihuai thank to tinkling of pieces of jades, etc. small fruit type watermelon anniversary production technology. Chinese gardening digest, 2012 (1): 102-104; Xiao Guanghui. small fruit type watermelon facility in early spring ratooning technology. the Changjiang river vegetables, 2011 (1): 13-15), the contribution of these researchs is, small fruit type watermelon employing facility cultivation, within 1 year, can produce 3 batches of watermelons, substantially can realize cultivation supply throughout the year; Small fruit type watermelon facility in early spring ratooning, the 1st batch of watermelon wiped out always climing at plant base portion 4～5 joint places after gathering, impel indefinite bud that plant base portion hides to sprout to grow new melon climing, obtained a kind of effect of two stubbles.Their defect is, this watermelon anniversary production technology, plant method of adjustment is all to adopt common " single climing formula ", " two climing formula " or " three climing formulas " training type, every batch of watermelon is gathered after 1～2 melon and is just finished, realize and produce 1 year needs the watermelon anniversary and plant 2～3 batches of watermelons, all will repeat whole ground, sow, grow seedlings, the process such as field planting after one batch of watermelon of every plantation, labour intensity is large, take a lot of work, time-consuming, commerial growing is more difficult; This ratooning technology is after watermelon is gathered, plant base portion also do not cultivate in the indefinite climing situation of pumping, wipe out always at once climing, due to the acrial part of watermelon plant and the growth balanced relation of under ground portion destroyed suddenly, the aging of root system is accelerated, its growth declines with absorbing capacity, cause the indefinite bud that watermelon plant base portion is hidden to be sprouted slowly, a little less than the indefinite growing way of overgrowing of pumping, and only realized a kind of two stubble.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, according to the characteristic of growing of small fruit type watermelon, utilize the indefinite bud of watermelon plant base portion to be easy to repeatedly the indefinite climing feature of pumping, provide a kind of watermelon once to sow cultivation, result repeatedly, " list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment of the long season cultivation of repeatedly gathering, reaches the watermelon supply phase that extends, the object that highly efficient and productive, long season is cultivated.
" list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment of long season cultivation, comprises the following steps successively:
(1) select small fruit type variety of watermelon to adopt facility cultivation;
(2) when 50～60 centimetres of climing length of watermelon, start training, only retain main climing as a result of climing;
(3) result is climing stays 8～10 leaves to pinch after bearing fruit more than the joint position of bearing fruit, and except retaining 1 lateral bine of bearing fruit on joint position, and this lateral bine stays outside 4～6 leaves pinch, and other lateral bine of the climing upper pumping of result is all wiped out;
(4) within 7～10 days, impose 1 compound rich water before gathering indefinite climing to promote indefinite bud to sprout pumping, 1 stalwartness of the plant base portion pumping of selecting and remain is indefinite climing;
(5) watermelon wipes out after gathering that result is always climing in time, retains the reserved indefinite climing result as next batch of melon climing;
(6) repeat step (3)～(5) and comprise that the 1st batch of melon carries out the production of at least 5 batches of melons and gather.
The described small fruit type variety of watermelon of step (1) comprises: early spring carbuncle, Jin Fu, cherub, take bit, red little jade, Huang little Yu.
The described facility cultivation of step (1) is to adopt plastic tunnel or attached-greenhouse to cultivate early spring.
Said method also has the operation of further optimizing as follows:
In the 1st batch of melon production process, selecting climing upper the 2nd or the 3rd female flower of result to carry out artificial supplementary pollination bears fruit with promotion, after bearing fruit, more than the joint position of bearing fruit, stay 8～10 leaves to pinch, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 1 melon handle slightly and the young melon of fruit shape standard, except retaining 1 lateral bine of bearing fruit on joint position, and this lateral bine stays outside 4～6 leaves pinch, other lateral bine of the climing upper pumping of result is all wiped out.
Within 7～10 days before gathering after the 1st batch of melon fully expands, impose compound rich water 1 time, described compound rich water comprises: execute 5～6 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, 1～2 kilogram of potassium sulphate for every mu, then add 0.5 kilogram of Cui Kangchong fertilising.
When the 2nd batch of melon produced, after gathering, wipe out in time in the 1st batch of melon that result is always climing, only retain the reserved indefinite climing result as the 2nd batch of melon of 1 stalwartness climing, then 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add 100～150 grams of nuclear energy elements, 30 grams of foliage-sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, every 7～10 days more every mu with 30 kilograms, clear water, add 60～90 grams of foliage-sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time; Or 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add 100～150 grams of nuclear energy elements, 30～45 grams of foliage-sprays of amino acid foliage fertilizer 1 time, every 7～10 days more every mu with 30 kilograms, clear water, add 60～90 grams of foliage-sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, to promote the melon length of overgrowing.
When the 2nd batch of melon produced, result is climing carries out artificial supplementary pollination since the 2nd female flower after blooming and promotes to bear fruit, after bearing fruit, more than the joint position of bearing fruit, stay 8～10 leaves to pinch, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 1 melon handle slightly and the young melon of fruit shape standard, except retaining 1 lateral bine of bearing fruit on joint position, and this lateral bine stays outside 4～6 leaves pinch, other lateral bine of the climing upper pumping of result is all wiped out.
Before the 2nd batch of melon gathered, within 7～10 days, impose compound rich water 1 time, described compound rich water comprises that every mu is executed 5 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, 4 kilograms of marine alga punching fertilisings, then adds 0.5 kilogram of Cui Kangchong fertilising.
The production of 3rd～5 batches of melons is identical with the production process of the 2nd batch of melon.
The present invention has following good effect: " list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment of watermelon long season cultivation, not that as common watermelon ratooning, after watermelon is gathered, just to start to cultivate the result of next batch of melon climing, but 1 the healthy and strong result that just starts to cultivate at plant base portion next batch of melon for 7～10 days before watermelon is gathered is climing, make watermelon plant by single climing become two climing, after gathering, wipes out in time watermelon the always climing of result, make plant again by two climing return to single climing, this not only can overcome common ratooning climing owing to wiping out always after gathering at watermelon at once, break the growth balanced relation of acrial part and the under ground portion of watermelon plant suddenly, and make the indefinite bud that watermelon plant base portion is hidden sprout slow, pumping the indefinite shortcomings such as growing way is weak of overgrowing, and can shorten the interval time of two batches of melons between gathering.Utilize the insulation in booth or greenhouse and the effect of taking shelter from rain, by adopting " list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment, add the rich water quality management of science, can make the small fruit type watermelon plant sane growing way of long-term maintenance and not early ageing, can give full play to the photosynthetic efficiency of water melon leaf, provide abundant photosynthetic product can fully expand to guarantee every batch of watermelon, thereby realize the object that watermelon is once planted Multiple harvests, long season cultivation.The 1st batch of melon generally gathered before early and middle ten days in May, can gather continuously 5 batches of watermelons, can extend to by the end of October picking time, adopt facility or the 6 batches of melons of can gathering in the good area of weather conditions of good heat insulating, reach half a year picking time, can reach that product are of fine quality, output is high, throw that work is few, profitable, the listing phase long, the effect of long season stable market supply.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is the watermelon growing way of the inventive method cultivation and the situation map of bearing fruit.
Embodiment
There is following embodiment to be described in detail essence of the present invention, and can not limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) select strong stress resistance, tolerance to low temperature and weak light, easily bear fruit, commodity is good, the high-quality small fruit type early mature watermelon kind of not early ageing, as early spring carbuncle, Jin Fu, also can select cherub, take the small fruit type kinds such as bit, red little jade, Huang little Yu, adopt the facility cultivations such as attached-greenhouse of plastic tunnel or good heat insulating, generally mid-February to mid-March, in facility, 10 centimetres, earth's surface depths soil temperature reaches 15 ℃, and temperature is more than 20 ℃, in good time plastic mulching field planting during seedling 2～3 leaf l heart; The plantation density of hanging climing cultivation is every mu of 1200～1500 strains, and climbing the plantation density of cultivating is every mu of 600～800 strains.(2) after field planting, carry out according to a conventional method cultivation management, start training when 50～60 centimetres of climing length of watermelon, only retain main climing as a result of climingly, lateral bine is all wiped out (single climing formula).(3) select after blooming climing upper the 2nd or the 3rd female flower of result to carry out artificial supplementary pollination and bear fruit promoting, after bearing fruit, more than joint position stay 8～10 leaves to pinch bearing fruit; When young melon egg size, in time determine melon, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay the young melon of the thick and fruit shape standard of 1 melon handle, except bear fruit 1 lateral bine saving staying 4～6 leaves pinch of reservation, other lateral bine of the climing upper pumping of result is all wiped out.(4) rich water quality management after bearing fruit carries out according to a conventional method, but within 7～10 days before gathering after the 1st batch of melon fully expands, impose 1 time compound rich water, execute 5～6 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, 1～2 kilogram of potassium sulphate for every mu, add again Cui Kangchong fertilising (a kind of commercial fertilizer, the present invention select for the photosynthetic Co., Ltd of Britain's Hydro produces, the packing of domestic You Duo company is sold) 0.5 kilogram; Fertilizer is first used respectively a small amount of water-soluble solution, after mixing again, approximately 1500 kilograms, clear water is drenched to the root and stem of certain plants, or the fertilizer after dissolving is added and in irrigation water, adopts fertigation, it is climing that the indefinite bud sprouting that supplementary plant nutrition is hidden with promotion plant base portion grows new melon, select and remain and emphasis is cultivated 1 indefinite climing (two climing formula) the most healthy and the strongest of plant base portion pumping, all the other indefinite climing wiping out.(5) the 1st batch of melon of generally gathering before mid-May, the 1st batch of melon wipes out after gathering that result is always climing in time, clean rural area, continue to wipe out the new unnecessary indefinite climing of plant base portion pumping, only retain the reserved indefinite climing result as the 2nd batch of melon of 1 stalwartness climing (single climing formula), then execute foliage fertilizer: 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add a nuclear energy element (plant growth regulators, what the present invention selected produces for Zhengzhou Biao Dian Chemical Co., Ltd.) 100～150 grams, 30 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphates spray 1 time, every 7～10 days more every mu with 30 kilograms, clear water, add 60～90 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphates and spray 1 time, or 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add 100～150 grams of nuclear energy elements, amino acid foliage fertilizer (a kind of commodity foliage fertilizer, the logical Microbial Technics Ltd in Shanghai that is that the present invention selects produces) 30～45 grams spray 1 time, every 7～10 days more every mu with 30 kilograms, clear water, add 60～90 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphates and spray 1 time, to promote the climing healthy and strong growth of melon, and strengthen rich water quality management.When (6) the 2nd batches of melons are produced, result is climing generally carries out artificial supplementary pollination since the 2nd female flower after blooming and promotes to bear fruit, after bearing fruit, more than the joint position of bearing fruit, stay 8～10 leaves to pinch, only retain 1 lateral bine of bearing fruit on joint position and retain 4～6 leaves and pinch, all the other lateral bines of the climing upper pumping of result are all wiped out.(7) rich water quality management method is carried out the management of the 2nd batch of melon routinely, but before gathering, the 2nd batch of melon within 7～10 days, impose compound rich water 1 time, compound rich water comprises that every mu is executed 5 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, marine alga punching fertilising (a kind of commodity semiorganic compound fertilizer material, the Qingdao Mingyue Marine Alga Group Corp., Ltd. that is that the present invention selects produces) 4 kilograms, then add 0.5 kilogram of Cui Kangchong fertilising; Fertilizer is first used respectively a small amount of water-soluble solution, then after mixing, approximately 1500 kilograms, clear water is drenched to the root and stem of certain plants, or the fertilizer after dissolving is added in irrigation water and adopts fertigation, to promote the indefinite climing regeneration of watermelon plant base portion; Still select and remain and emphasis to cultivate 1 indefinite climing result as next batch of melon the most healthy and the strongest of plant base portion pumping climing, all the other indefinite climing wiping out.(8) greatly about late June the 2nd batch of melon of gathering, the 2nd batch of melon carries out the production of 3rd～5 batches of melons with reference to the method for step (5), (6), (7) after gathering, can be respectively at early August, mid-September, left and right 3rd～5 batches of melons of gathering by the end of October, adopt facility or the 6th batch of melon of can gathering in the good area of weather conditions of good heat insulating.Adopt " list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment of above-mentioned watermelon long season cultivation, the 1st batch of melon output that small fruit type watermelon hangs climing cultivation is generally 1850～2200 kilograms every mu, the 2nd batch of melon output is generally 1900～2300 kilograms every mu, the 3rd batch of melon output is generally 1800～2200 kilograms every mu, the 4th batch of melon output is generally 1650～2100 kilograms every mu, the 5th batch of melon output is generally 1500～2000 kilograms every mu, the output of a kind of 5 batches is generally 8700～10800 kilograms every mu, the quality no significant difference between each batch of watermelon.Adopt this plant method of adjustment to carry out small fruit type watermelon the plant growing way of hanging climing cultivation and the situation of bearing fruit and see accompanying drawing.
Claims (9)
1. " list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment of watermelon long season cultivation, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps successively:
(1) select small fruit type variety of watermelon to adopt facility cultivation;
(2) when 50～60 centimetres of climing length of watermelon, start training, only retain main climing as a result of climing;
(3) result is climing stays 8～10 leaves to pinch after bearing fruit more than the joint position of bearing fruit, and except retaining 1 lateral bine of bearing fruit on joint position, and this lateral bine stays outside 4～6 leaves pinch, and other lateral bine of the climing upper pumping of result is all wiped out;
(4) within 7～10 days, impose 1 compound rich water before gathering indefinite climing to promote indefinite bud to sprout pumping, 1 stalwartness of the plant base portion pumping of selecting and remain is indefinite climing;
(5) watermelon wipes out after gathering that result is always climing in time, retains the reserved indefinite climing result as next batch of melon climing;
(6) repeat step (3)～(5) and comprise that the 1st batch of melon carries out the production of 5 batches or 6 batches melons and gather.
2. " list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment that watermelon long season according to claim 1 is cultivated, it is characterized in that, the described small fruit type variety of watermelon of step (1) comprises: early spring carbuncle, Jin Fu, cherub, take bit, red little jade, Huang little Yu.
3. " list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment of watermelon long season cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described facility cultivation of step (1) is to adopt plastic tunnel or attached-greenhouse to cultivate early spring.
4. " list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment that watermelon long season according to claim 1 is cultivated, it is characterized in that, in the 1st batch of melon production process, selecting climing upper the 2nd or the 3rd female flower of result to carry out artificial supplementary pollination bears fruit with promotion, after bearing fruit, more than the joint position of bearing fruit, stay 8～10 leaves to pinch, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 1 melon handle slightly and the young melon of fruit shape standard, except retaining 1 lateral bine of bearing fruit on joint position, and this lateral bine stays outside 4～6 leaves pinch, other lateral bine of the climing upper pumping of result is all wiped out.
5. according to " list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment of the watermelon long season cultivation described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that, within 7～10 days before gathering after the 1st batch of melon fully expands, impose 1 time compound rich water, described compound rich water comprises: execute 5～6 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, 1～2 kilogram of potassium sulphate for every mu, then add 0.5 kilogram of Cui Kangchong fertilising.
6. " list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment that watermelon long season according to claim 1 is cultivated, it is characterized in that, when the 2nd batch of melon produced, after gathering, wipe out in time in the 1st batch of melon that result is always climing, only retain the reserved indefinite climing result as the 2nd batch of melon of 1 stalwartness climing, then 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add 100～150 grams of nuclear energy elements, 30 grams of foliage-sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, every 7～10 days more every mu with 30 kilograms, clear water, add 60～90 grams of foliage-sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time; Or 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add 100～150 grams of nuclear energy elements, 30～45 grams of foliage-sprays of amino acid foliage fertilizer 1 time, every 7～10 days more every mu with 30 kilograms, clear water, add 60～90 grams of foliage-sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, to promote the melon length of overgrowing.
7. according to " list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment of the watermelon long season cultivation described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterized in that, when the 2nd batch of melon produced, result is climing carries out artificial supplementary pollination since the 2nd female flower after blooming and promotes to bear fruit, after bearing fruit, more than the joint position of bearing fruit, stay 8～10 leaves to pinch, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 1 melon handle slightly and the young melon of fruit shape standard, except retaining 1 lateral bine of bearing fruit on joint position, and this lateral bine stays outside 4～6 leaves pinch, other lateral bine of the climing upper pumping of result is all wiped out.
8. " list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment that watermelon long season according to claim 7 is cultivated, it is characterized in that, before gathering, the 2nd batch of melon within 7～10 days, impose compound rich water 1 time, described compound rich water comprises that every mu is executed 5 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, 4 kilograms of marine alga punching fertilisings, then adds 0.5 kilogram of Cui Kangchong fertilising.
9. " list-bis-climing alternative expressions " plant method of adjustment of watermelon long season cultivation according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the production of 3rd～5 batches of melons is identical with the production process of the 2nd batch of melon.
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| CN104904458B (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2017-05-31 | 湖南省农业信息与工程研究所 | A kind of field management method of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation |
| CN107624551B (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2020-08-28 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional cultivation method for watermelon protected area |
| CN112243810B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-09-27 | 宁夏大学 | In-situ two-crop cultivation method for watermelons in sand compaction land |
| CN115349405A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-18 | 海南浙江大学研究院 | Gradient density dynamic management method for improving yield of facility watermelons |
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