CN104774360A - 一种新型长效流滴农用聚烯烃棚膜及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种新型长效流滴农用聚烯烃棚膜及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104774360A
CN104774360A CN201410832207.5A CN201410832207A CN104774360A CN 104774360 A CN104774360 A CN 104774360A CN 201410832207 A CN201410832207 A CN 201410832207A CN 104774360 A CN104774360 A CN 104774360A
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陈宇
辛菲
王朝晖
崔正
许弟
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BEIJING HUATENG HIGHTECH Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种新型长效流滴农用聚烯烃棚膜及制备方法，属于农用功能性薄膜技术领域。所用的原料主要包括：聚烯烃、具有缓释作用的助剂、光稳定剂、流滴剂；具有缓释作用的助剂为含有甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝的聚烯烃或马来酸酐(MAH)接枝的聚烯烃。将具有缓释作用的功能助剂加入到农膜配方中，克服了常规助剂快速迁移、析出等初期无效损耗的缺点，故使得农膜具有长效特性。

Description

一种新型长效流滴农用聚烯烃棚膜及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有功能增效的新型薄型农用聚烯烃棚膜及制备方法，属于农用功能性薄膜技术领域。
背景技术
我国是农业大国，人均拥有耕地面积只有1.4亩，不到世界人均拥有耕地面积的40％，耕地与人口的现实压力决定了我国农业必须在有限的土地上种养出更多农作物。而农作物的生长需要合适的生长条件，光温环境可以说是农作物生长过程中最为重要的外部生态条件。国内农业种植近几十年的发展已逐渐形成以农用塑料薄膜为主的人造光温环境体系。因此，发展设施农业尤为重要，而设施农业核心问题是太阳光的利用，关键是覆盖材料。农膜行业的技术水平主要体现在高质量和高附加值的功能性农膜，尤其是应用于日光温室的棚膜。目前我国的日光温室棚膜绝大部分为具有流滴、消雾、高透光、保温的薄膜。这些功能也主要通过功能性助剂的添加来实现。但是目前大部分棚膜由于功能性助剂的快速迁移导致其功效在短时间内就失效，因此市场急需一种寿命长，寿效同步的农用薄膜材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种防雾滴、具有缓释功能的聚烯烃长效流滴农膜及制备方法。
一种防雾滴、具有缓释功能的聚烯烃长效流滴农膜，其特征在于，所用的原料主要包括：聚烯烃、具有缓释作用的助剂、光稳定剂、流滴剂。
制备方法是将聚烯烃树脂、具有缓释作用的助剂、包含光稳定剂和流滴剂的功能母料混合均匀后一起加入到吹膜机中，吹膜温度130-240℃，吹塑得到功 能化聚烯烃长效农膜。
本发明涉及聚烯烃树脂选自聚乙烯、乙烯-1-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-1-己烯共聚物、乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(VA含量大于4％)中的一种或几种。其中聚烯烃优选质量用量70-90％。
本发明涉及具有缓释作用的助剂为含有甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝的聚烯烃(接枝率优选5％-40％)或马来酸酐(MAH)接枝的聚烯烃(接枝率5％-40％)。优选具有缓释作用的助剂占总重量的0.5-5％，进一步优选为2％。
本发明涉及光稳定剂为受阻胺类和/或金属螯合物，优选用量0.3％-2％。
本发明涉及流滴剂为酯类和胺类复合的流滴剂或山梨醇酸酯为主体复配的流滴剂。优选用量1％-3％。
本发明提供的一种功能化聚烯烃长效农膜的制备方法。通过在农膜配方中加入能够起到缓释作用的助剂，适当改变聚烯烃形成制品后的聚集态结构，增大细小晶区的数量，使得流滴剂等助剂可以缓慢的迁移到农膜表面，从而确保在一定时间内保持农膜表面中助剂的含量，使之达到长效的作用。
本发明的一种功能化聚烯烃长效农膜优点是：(1)将具有缓释作用的功能助剂加入到农膜配方中，克服了常规助剂快速迁移、析出等初期无效损耗的缺点，故使得农膜具有长效特性；(2)制备的长效流滴农膜具有长的流滴持效期，在60℃加速流滴实验条件下，长效流滴农膜的流滴持效期为12-19天；同等条件下商用流滴膜的流滴持效期为6-8天；将长效流滴农膜与同厚度的商品流滴膜进行户外扣棚，功能化聚烯烃长效农膜的流滴持效期为6-9个月；商用流滴膜的流滴持效期为3-4个月。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明，但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
实施例1
将90％的PE(LDPE:LLDPE质量比＝7：3)、4％的GMA接枝LDPE的缓释助剂(接枝率25％)、6％功能母料(含有6％金属螯合物类光稳定剂、20％流滴剂TS239功能助剂的上述90％的PE(LDPE:LLDPE质量比＝7：3)的母料)混合均匀，用吹膜机进行吹膜，吹膜机从喂料口到模头各段温度依次为130,150,170,190,220,240,220℃，得到功能化聚烯烃长效农膜，膜厚0.12mm。在60℃加速流滴实验条件下，功能化聚烯烃长效农膜的流滴持效期为14天。
实施例2
将85％的EVA、5％的EVA(VA含量9％)与MAH接枝的缓释助剂(接枝率40％)、10％功能母料(含有20％金属螯合物类光稳定剂，30％流滴剂TS239功能助剂的85％的EVA和5％的EVA(VA含量9％)的母料)混合均匀，用Φ120的三层吹膜机组进行吹膜，吹膜机从喂料口到模头各段温度依次为130,150,170,190,210，230,240,210,190,190℃，得到功能化聚烯烃长效农膜，膜厚0.12mm。在60℃加速流滴实验条件下，长效流滴农膜的流滴持效期为19天。
实施例3
将70％的LDPE和5％的乙烯-1-丁烯共聚物、5％的MAH接枝LLDPE的缓释助剂(接枝率15％)、20％功能母料(含有1.5％金属螯合物类光稳定剂、5％流滴剂TS239功能助剂的70％的LDPE和5％的乙烯-1-丁烯共聚物母料)混合均匀，用吹膜机进行吹膜，吹膜机从喂料口到模头各段温度依次为130,150,170,190,220,240,220℃，得到功能化聚烯烃长效农膜，膜厚0.1mm。在60℃加速流滴实验条件下，功能化聚烯烃长效农膜的流滴持效期为15天。
实施例4
将90％乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、2％的EVA(VA含量5％)与MAH接枝的缓释 助剂(接枝率5％)、8％功能母料(含有5％金属螯合物类光稳定剂，12.5％流滴剂TS239功能助剂的90％乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物母料)混合均匀，用Φ120的三层吹膜机组进行吹膜，吹膜机从喂料口到模头各段温度依次为130,150,170,190,210，230,240,210,190,190℃，得到功能化聚烯烃长效农膜，膜厚0.1mm。在60℃加速流滴实验条件下，长效流滴农膜的流滴持效期为17天。
实施例5
将80％的LDPE和5％的乙烯-1-己烯共聚物、0.5％的MAH接枝LLDPE的缓释助剂(接枝率15％)、14.5％功能母料(含有3％金属螯合物类光稳定剂、10％流滴剂TS239功能助剂的80％的LDPE和5％的乙烯-1-己烯共聚物母料)混合均匀，用吹膜机进行吹膜，吹膜机从喂料口到模头各段温度依次为130,160,170,190,220,230,220℃，得到功能化聚烯烃长效农膜，膜厚0.08mm。在60℃加速流滴实验条件下，功能化聚烯烃长效农膜的流滴持效期为13天。
实施例6
将82％的LDPE和5％的乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物、3％的GMA接枝LDPE的缓释助剂(接枝率15％)、10％功能母料(含有4.5％金属螯合物类光稳定剂、15％流滴剂TS239功能助剂的82％的LDPE和5％的乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物母料)混合均匀，用吹膜机进行吹膜，吹膜机从喂料口到模头各段温度依次为130,155,170,190,220,230,220℃，得到功能化聚烯烃长效农膜，膜厚0.09mm。在60℃加速流滴实验条件下，功能化聚烯烃长效农膜的流滴持效期为14天。

Claims (6)

1.一种防雾滴、具有缓释功能的聚烯烃长效流滴农膜，其特征在于，所用的原料主要包括：聚烯烃、具有缓释作用的助剂、光稳定剂、流滴剂；
具有缓释作用的助剂为含有甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝的聚烯烃或马来酸酐(MAH)接枝的聚烯烃。
2.按照权利要求1的一种防雾滴、具有缓释功能的聚烯烃长效流滴农膜，其特征在于，聚烯烃树脂选自聚乙烯、乙烯-1-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-1-己烯共聚物、乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物中的一种或几种；涉及光稳定剂为受阻胺类和/或金属螯合物；流滴剂为酯类和胺类复合的流滴剂或山梨醇酸酯为主体复配的流滴剂。
3.按照权利要求2的一种防雾滴、具有缓释功能的聚烯烃长效流滴农膜，其特征在于，甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝的聚烯烃其接枝率为5％-40％；马来酸酐(MAH)接枝的聚烯烃其接枝率5％-40％。
4.按照权利要求2的一种防雾滴、具有缓释功能的聚烯烃长效流滴农膜，其特征在于，聚烯烃质量用量70-90％；具有缓释作用的助剂占总重量的0.5-5％；光稳定剂用量0.3％-2％；流滴剂用量1％-3％。
5.按照权利要求3的一种防雾滴、具有缓释功能的聚烯烃长效流滴农膜，其特征在于，具有缓释作用的助剂占总重量的2％。
6.制备权利要求1-5的任一一种防雾滴、具有缓释功能的聚烯烃长效流滴农膜的方法，其特征在于，将聚烯烃树脂、具有缓释作用的助剂、包含光稳定剂和流滴剂的功能母料混合均匀后一起加入到吹膜机中，吹膜温度130-240℃，吹塑得到功能化聚烯烃长效农膜。
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