CN104718956A - Whole-course wheat mechanical planting method - Google Patents
Whole-course wheat mechanical planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104718956A CN104718956A CN201510162676.5A CN201510162676A CN104718956A CN 104718956 A CN104718956 A CN 104718956A CN 201510162676 A CN201510162676 A CN 201510162676A CN 104718956 A CN104718956 A CN 104718956A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a whole-course wheat mechanical planting method. The method comprises the following steps that a good variety is selected, and a proper number of seeds are sown in proper time; a proper machine type is selected, and the seeding quality is improved; a standard channel is established, and four-channel matching is guaranteed; soil testing and fertilizer recommendation are carried out, and balanced fertilization is emphasized; chemical regulation is well done, and field weeds are prevented and removed; the diseases and pests are comprehensively controlled; mechanical harvesting is carried out. According to the purpose method, wheat growth can be promoted through chemical seed dressing, tillering is enhanced, and the disease resistance is improved. Mechanical seeding is carried out, seeding is uniform and consistent, seedling emergence is neat, the growth vigor is consistent, and the high yield of wheat is facilitated. Four-channel matching is carried out, the field underground water level is reduced, the root system of the wheat is prosperous, and increase of the yield is promoted. The whole-course mechanization is carried out, labor intensity is lowered, labor cost is reduced, and the land benefit is increased.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the implantation methods of a grow wheat, particularly a grow wheat entire mechanization implantation methods.
Background technology:
Wheat is a kind of gramineous plants in extensively plantation all over the world, and be one of crops cultivated the earliest in the world, the caryopsis of wheat is one of staple food of the mankind, can make the foods such as bread, steamed bun, biscuit, noodles after wearing into flour; Beer, alcohol, vodka is can be made into after fermentation, or raw matter fuel.Wheat is rich in starch, protein, fat, mineral matter, calcium, iron, thiamine, vitamin b3, nicotinic acid, vitamin A and vitamin C etc.Wheat is one of three large cereal, and output [1] almost eats entirely, only about has 1/6th to use as feed.Wheat in 2010 is that gross yield occupies the cereal crops (6.51 hundred million tons) of second in the world, is only second to corn (8.44 hundred million tons).There is (1) seed without Dressing in the plantation of current wheat, emerge irregular, growing way is not strengthened, easily susceptible.(2) four ditches do not match, and easily cause wheat stain evil.(3) artificial seeding, seed is uneven, and the degree of depth is inconsistent, and cause emerging irregular, growing way is inconsistent, affects the problem of output.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, the invention provides a grow wheat entire mechanization implantation methods, through dressing seed, can wheat growth-promoting, enhancing is tillered, and improves disease resistance; Mechanical planting, sowing uniformity, emerge neat, growing way is consistent, is conducive to improving yield of wheat; Four ditches are supporting, reduce field subterranean water level, are conducive to wheat root prosperity, promote volume increase; Entire mechanization, reduces labour intensity, decreases labour cost, improves land efficiency.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a grow wheat entire mechanization implantation methods, mainly comprise the following steps:
Step one: select improved seeds, timely and appropriate discovery is sowed
Select high-quality weak-gluten wheat kind, accomplish " three fit " sowing, be i.e. optimum period, appropriate, suitable moisture in the soil; Described optimum period is the 25-11 month in October 8, and described is every mu of seeding quantity 10-12 kilogram in right amount, and described suitable moisture in the soil reaches field capacity 70-80% for soil moisture content during sowing, broadcasts front medicament Dressing;
Step 2: select suitable type, improves seeding quality
Select the suitable type that rotovator and sower are integrated, direct rotary tillage sowing wheat, the disposable operation completing rotary tillage, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, sow, suppress;
Step 3: Criterion irrigation canals and ditches, ensures that " four ditches " is supporting
Criterion irrigation canals and ditches system, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 18-22 centimetre, dark 23-28 centimetre, waist ditch every 38-42 rice is long 1, wide 18-22 centimetre, dark 28-35 centimetre, all around furrow width 28-35 centimetre, field, dark 38-42 centimetre, all machinery trench digging is held successfully " three ditches " in time, guarantee that " three ditches " and escape canal " four ditches " are supporting, irrigation canals and ditches are unimpeded, and described " three ditches " is " railway carriage or compartment ditch, Yao Gou, enclose ditch ", and " three ditches " echelon is deepened;
Step 4: carry out surveying soil formula, focus on balance fertilizing
Grasp fertile the urging of foot in early stage early to send out, the fertilization principles of later stage control nitrogen subject matter insured matter; Base manure uses Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, 38-40 kg/acre with machinery during sowing, and its N: P: K ratio of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 15: 15: 15; Tillering fertilizer by the end of November-early December every mu executes urea 3-5 kg/acre, jointing is fertile executes urea 3-6 kilogram, the red microbial bacterial agent 1.5-2.5 kg/acre of coal at upper early March every mu; When topdressing, mechanical ditch spread, the degree of depth is 5-8 centimetre, fertile bandwidth more than 3 centimetres, and fertile band is positioned at two row wheat seeding middle parts, at the uniform velocity, uniform of application
Step 5: do chemical regulation well, prevents and kill off weeds in field
5-6 leaf has been reached to late November stem, the wheat seeding that colony is partially prosperous, every mu of use 15% paclobutrazol wetting powder 30-45 gram is watered 30-45 kilogram, after dew is dry, blade face evenly sprays, for the wheat seeding that colony's growing way is on the weak side, with promoted type plant growth regulator " 802 " or " brassin ", transform in conjunction with urging the growth of cereal crop seedlings with nitrogen potash fertilizer;
Step 6: diseases and pests controlling
In the wheat 2-4 leaf phase, the single, double cotyledon weeds of wheatland prevented and kill off by every mu of exhausted careless fat of use, tribenuron-methyl suit, before complete by the end of November; Mid-March-early April prevents and treats wheat rust, powdery mildew in time, adopts and finds a bit, use the measure of a slice, and trazodone wettable powder 100-150 gram of every mu of use 15%, forever industry biogen 100 milliliters are watered 30-45 kilogram and spray; Spray three in conjunction with wheat one mid-April to prevent, every mu is watered 30-45 kilogram sprays with many oxazolones wetting powder 80-100 gram, 70% Imidacloprid 2-3 gram, forever industry biogen 100 milliliters;
Step 7: harvesting
Mid or late May, when plant is all withered or become fragile, seed is all hardening, during mechanical harvesting, carries out after dry with plant dew in the morning.
Described high-quality weak-gluten wheat kind is " assisting wheat 25 ", " Hubei Province wheat 27 ".
Described broadcasts front medicament Dressing for add industry biogen forever with " Gao Qiao ", 15% trazodone wettable powder, and the industry biogen 45-55 milliliter of high skilful 6-10 gram or triazolone 18-23 gram+forever mixes 10-12 kilogram of wheat seed, Dressing, with mix with.
The suitable type that described selection rotovator and sower are integrated is: sower 2BXYF-4/12, supporting power 15 horsepowers, sowing depth 3-5 centimetre, and line number 11-13 is capable in sowing, line width 14-16 centimetre, rotary tillage degree of depth 11-13 centimetre, sowing depth 3-5 centimetre.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: through dressing seed, can wheat growth-promoting, and enhancing is tillered, and improves disease resistance; Mechanical planting, sowing uniformity, emerge neat, growing way is consistent, is conducive to improving yield of wheat; Four ditches are supporting, reduce field subterranean water level, are conducive to wheat root prosperity, promote volume increase; Entire mechanization, reduces labour intensity, decreases labour cost, improves land efficiency.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
One grow wheat entire mechanization implantation methods, mainly comprises the following steps:
Step one: select improved seeds, timely and appropriate discovery is sowed
Select high-quality weak-gluten wheat kind " Hubei Province wheat 27 ", accomplish " three fit " sowing, be i.e. optimum period, appropriate, suitable moisture in the soil; Described optimum period is October 29, and described is every mu of seeding quantity 11 kilograms in right amount, and when described suitable moisture in the soil is sowing, soil moisture content reaches field capacity 75%, broadcast front medicament Dressing, mix 11 kilograms of wheat seeds, Dressing with the industry biogen 50 milliliters of skilful 8 grams of height+forever, with mix with;
Step 2: select suitable type, improves seeding quality
Select the suitable type that rotovator and sower are integrated, sower 2B × YF-4/12, supporting power 15 horsepowers, sowing depth 4 centimetres, sowing line number 12 row, line width 15 centimetres, the rotary tillage degree of depth 12 centimetres, sowing depth 4 centimetres.
Direct rotary tillage sowing wheat, the disposable operation completing rotary tillage, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, sow, suppress;
Step 3: Criterion irrigation canals and ditches, ensures that " four ditches " is supporting
Criterion irrigation canals and ditches system, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 20 centimetres, dark 25 centimetres, every 40 meters long 1, waist ditch, wide 20 centimetres, dark 30 centimetres, field all around furrow width 30 centimetres, dark 40 centimetres, all machinery trench digging is held successfully " three ditches " in time, guarantee that " three ditches " and escape canal " four ditches " are supporting, irrigation canals and ditches are unimpeded, and described " three ditches " is " railway carriage or compartment ditch, Yao Gou, enclose ditch ", and " three ditches " echelon is deepened;
Step 4: carry out surveying soil formula, focus on balance fertilizing
Grasp fertile the urging of foot in early stage early to send out, the fertilization principles of later stage control nitrogen subject matter insured matter; Base manure uses Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, 40 kgs/acre with machinery during sowing, and its N: P: K ratio of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 15: 15: 15; Tillering fertilizer, November 28, executes 4 kgs/acre, urea for every mu, and jointing is fertile in upper March 5, executes 4 kilograms, urea, the red microbial bacterial agent 2 kgs/acre of coal for every mu; When topdressing, mechanical ditch spread, the degree of depth is 5-8 centimetre, fertile bandwidth more than 3 centimetres, and fertile band is positioned at two row wheat seeding middle parts, at the uniform velocity, uniform of application; The red microbial bacterial agent of coal is outsourcing product;
Step 5: do chemical regulation well, prevents and kill off weeds in field
6 leaves have been reached to stem on November 8, the wheat seeding that colony is partially prosperous, every mu of use 15% paclobutrazol wetting powder 40 grams is watered 40 kilograms, after dew is dry, blade face evenly sprays, for the wheat seeding that colony's growing way is on the weak side, with promoted type plant growth regulator " brassin ", transform in conjunction with urging the growth of cereal crop seedlings with nitrogen potash fertilizer; Brassin is outsourcing product;
Step 6: diseases and pests controlling
In the wheat 3 leaf phase, the single, double cotyledon weeds of wheatland prevented and kill off by every mu of exhausted careless fat of use, tribenuron-methyl suit, complete November 28; March 20 prevented and treated wheat rust, powdery mildew in time, and adopt and find a bit, use the measure of a slice, the trazodone wettable powder 130 grams of every mu of use 15%, forever industry biogen 100 milliliters are watered 40 kilograms and spray; Sprayed three in conjunction with wheat one April 18 to prevent, every mu is watered 40 kilograms sprays with many oxazolones wetting powder 90 grams, 70% Imidacloprid 2 grams, forever industry biogen 100 milliliters;
Step 7: harvesting
May 25, when plant is all withered or become fragile, seed is all hardening, during mechanical harvesting, carries out after dry with plant dew in the morning.
Embodiment 2:
One grow wheat entire mechanization implantation methods, mainly comprises the following steps:
Step one: select improved seeds, timely and appropriate discovery is sowed
Select high-quality weak-gluten wheat kind " to assist wheat 25 ", accomplish " three fit " sowing, be i.e. optimum period, appropriate, suitable moisture in the soil; Described optimum period is November 3, and described is every mu of seeding quantity 10 kilograms in right amount, and described suitable moisture in the soil reaches field capacity 80% for soil moisture content during sowing, broadcasts front medicament Dressing; Add industry biogen forever with 15% trazodone wettable powder, the industry biogen 45 milliliters of triazolone 23 grams+forever mixes 10 kilograms of wheat seeds, Dressing, with mix with.
Step 2: select suitable type, improves seeding quality
Select the sower 2BXYF-4/12 that rotovator and sower are integrated, supporting power 15 horsepowers, sowing depth 5 centimetres, sowing line number 13 row, line width 16 centimetres, the rotary tillage degree of depth 13 centimetres, sowing depth 5 centimetres, direct rotary tillage sowing wheat, the disposable operation completing rotary tillage, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, sow, suppress;
Step 3: Criterion irrigation canals and ditches, ensures that " four ditches " is supporting
Criterion irrigation canals and ditches system, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 22 centimetres, dark 226 centimetres, every 38 meters long 1, waist ditch, wide 19 centimetres, dark 33 centimetres, field all around furrow width 34 centimetres, dark 41 centimetres, all machinery trench digging is held successfully " three ditches " in time, guarantee that " three ditches " and escape canal " four ditches " are supporting, irrigation canals and ditches are unimpeded, and described " three ditches " is " railway carriage or compartment ditch, Yao Gou, enclose ditch ", and " three ditches " echelon is deepened;
Step 4: carry out surveying soil formula, focus on balance fertilizing
Grasp fertile the urging of foot in early stage early to send out, the fertilization principles of later stage control nitrogen subject matter insured matter; Base manure uses Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, 38 kgs/acre with machinery during sowing, and its N: P: K ratio of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 15: 15: 15; Tillering fertilizer executes 5 kgs/acre, urea December 2 every mu, and jointing is fertile executed 6 kilograms, urea, the red microbial bacterial agent 1.5 kgs/acre of coal in upper March 7 every mu; When topdressing, mechanical ditch spread, the degree of depth is 7 centimetres, fertile bandwidth 4 centimetres, and fertile band is positioned at two row wheat seeding middle parts, at the uniform velocity, uniform of application
Step 5: do chemical regulation well, prevents and kill off weeds in field
Reached 5 leaves to stem in November 25, the wheat seeding that colony is partially prosperous, every mu of use 15% paclobutrazol wetting powder 40 grams is watered 45 kilograms, after dew is dry, blade face evenly sprays, for the wheat seeding that colony's growing way is on the weak side, with promoted type plant growth regulator " 802 ", transform in conjunction with urging the growth of cereal crop seedlings with nitrogen potash fertilizer;
Step 6: diseases and pests controlling
In the wheat 4 leaf phase, the single, double cotyledon weeds of wheatland prevented and kill off by every mu of exhausted careless fat of use, tribenuron-methyl suit, complete in November 27; March 31 prevented and treated wheat rust, powdery mildew in time, and adopt and find a bit, use the measure of a slice, the trazodone wettable powder 120 grams of every mu of use 15%, forever industry biogen 100 milliliters are watered 35 kilograms and spray; Sprayed three in conjunction with wheat one April 17 to prevent, every mu is watered 35 kilograms sprays with many oxazolones wetting powder 100 grams, 70% Imidacloprid 3 grams, forever industry biogen 100 milliliters;
Step 7: harvesting
May 22, when plant is all withered or become fragile, seed is all hardening, during mechanical harvesting, carries out after dry with plant dew in the morning.
Be described further below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
Hubei Tie Xin proportion of crop planting Specialty Co-operative Organization, 2014 at Gao Kou village, Zhang Jin town, Qianjiang City plantation wheat 150 mu, implantation methods one is that local villager adopts conventional wheat planting method (the non-Dressing of seed, artificial seeding, four ditches do not match), cultivated area 50 mu, implantation methods two is for adopting implantation methods of the present invention plantation, area 50 mu; Implantation methods three is for adopting implantation methods of the present invention plantation, area 50 mu; Through contrast (as table 1), the present invention one grow wheat entire mechanization implantation methods has following advantage: fast 1-2 days of emerging, straight uniform of emerging, and the same period, individual plant tillered many 0.4, well developed root system, and on average every mu is increased production 40 kilograms, and rate of growth reaches 9.7%.
Table 1
Embodiment 2:
Hubei Tie Xin proportion of crop planting Specialty Co-operative Organization, 2014 at branch, Hou Hu farm four, Qianjiang City plantation wheat 300 mu, implantation methods one is that local villager adopts conventional wheat planting method (the non-Dressing of seed, artificial seeding, four ditches do not match), cultivated area 100 mu, implantation methods two is for adopting implantation methods of the present invention plantation, area 100 mu, implantation methods three is for adopting implantation methods of the present invention plantation, area 100 mu is through contrast (as table 2), the present invention one grow wheat entire mechanization implantation methods has following advantage: fast 1-2 days of emerging, to emerge straight uniform, the same period, individual plant tillered many 0.5, well developed root system, average per unit area yield 401.5 kilograms, rate of growth reaches 9%
Table 2
Can be found out by the technical scheme of the above embodiment of the present invention, compared with prior art, the present invention, can wheat growth-promoting through dressing seed, and enhancing is tillered, and improves disease resistance; Mechanical planting, sowing uniformity, emerge neat, growing way is consistent, is conducive to improving yield of wheat; Four ditches are supporting, reduce field subterranean water level, are conducive to wheat root prosperity, promote volume increase; Entire mechanization, reduces labour intensity, decreases labour cost, improves land efficiency.
Above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, and on basis of the present invention, those skilled in the art are than being easier to make some amendments in the spirit and scope not departing from technical solution of the present invention or equivalently replacing.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a grow wheat entire mechanization implantation methods, is characterized in that: mainly comprise the following steps:
Step one: select improved seeds, timely and appropriate discovery is sowed
Select high-quality weak-gluten wheat kind, accomplish " three fit " sowing, be i.e. optimum period, appropriate, suitable moisture in the soil; Described optimum period is 25-November 8 October, and described is every mu of seeding quantity 10-12 kilogram in right amount, and described suitable moisture in the soil reaches field capacity 70-80% for soil moisture content during sowing, broadcasts front medicament Dressing;
Step 2: select suitable type, improves seeding quality
Select the suitable type that rotovator and sower are integrated, direct rotary tillage sowing wheat, the disposable operation completing rotary tillage, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, sow, suppress;
Step 3: Criterion irrigation canals and ditches, ensures that " four ditches " is supporting
Criterion irrigation canals and ditches system, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 18-22 centimetre, dark 23-28 centimetre, waist ditch every 38-42 rice is long 1, wide 18-22 centimetre, dark 28-35 centimetre, all around furrow width 28-35 centimetre, field, dark 38-42 centimetre, all machinery trench digging is held successfully " three ditches " in time, guarantee that " three ditches " and escape canal " four ditches " are supporting, irrigation canals and ditches are unimpeded, and described " three ditches " is " railway carriage or compartment ditch, Yao Gou, enclose ditch ", and " three ditches " echelon is deepened;
Step 4: carry out surveying soil formula, focus on balance fertilizing
Grasp fertile the urging of foot in early stage early to send out, the fertilization principles of later stage control nitrogen subject matter insured matter; Base manure uses Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, 38-40 kg/acre with machinery during sowing, and its N: P: K ratio of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 15: 15: 15; Tillering fertilizer by the end of November-early December every mu executes urea 3-5 kg/acre, jointing is fertile executes urea 3-6 kilogram, the red microbial bacterial agent 1.5-2.5 kg/acre of coal at upper early March every mu; When topdressing, mechanical ditch spread, the degree of depth is 5-8 centimetre, fertile bandwidth more than 3 centimetres, and fertile band is positioned at two row wheat seeding middle parts, at the uniform velocity, uniform of application
Step 5: do chemical regulation well, prevents and kill off weeds in field
5-6 leaf has been reached to late November stem, the wheat seeding that colony is partially prosperous, every mu of use 15% paclobutrazol wetting powder 30-45 gram is watered 30-45 kilogram, after dew is dry, blade face evenly sprays, for the wheat seeding that colony's growing way is on the weak side, with promoted type plant growth regulator " 802 " or " brassin ", transform in conjunction with urging the growth of cereal crop seedlings with nitrogen potash fertilizer;
Step 6: diseases and pests controlling
In the wheat 2-4 leaf phase, the single, double cotyledon weeds of wheatland prevented and kill off by every mu of exhausted careless fat of use, tribenuron-methyl suit, before complete by the end of November; Mid-March-early April prevents and treats wheat rust, powdery mildew in time, adopts and finds a bit, use the measure of a slice, and trazodone wettable powder 100-150 gram of every mu of use 15%, forever industry biogen 100 milliliters are watered 30-45 kilogram and spray; Spray three in conjunction with wheat one mid-April to prevent, every mu is watered 30-45 kilogram sprays with many oxazolones wetting powder 80-100 gram, 70% Imidacloprid 2-3 gram, forever industry biogen 100 milliliters;
Step 7: harvesting
Mid or late May, when plant is all withered or become fragile, seed is all hardening, during mechanical harvesting, carries out after dry with plant dew in the morning.
2. a grow wheat entire mechanization implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described high-quality weak-gluten wheat kind is " assisting wheat 25 ", " Hubei Province wheat 27 ".
3. a grow wheat entire mechanization implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described broadcasts front medicament Dressing for add industry biogen forever with " Gao Qiao ", 15% trazodone wettable powder, the industry biogen 45-55 milliliter of high skilful 6-10 gram or triazolone 18-23 gram+forever mixes 10-12 kilogram of wheat seed, Dressing, with mix with.
4. a grow wheat entire mechanization implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the suitable type that described selection rotovator and sower are integrated is: sower 2BXYF-4/12, supporting power 15 horsepowers, sowing depth 3-5 centimetre, line number 11-13 is capable in sowing, line width 14-16 centimetre, rotary tillage degree of depth 11-13 centimetre, sowing depth 3-5 centimetre.
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CN109429942A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-08 | 信阳市农业科学院 | Henan south wheat evening broadcasts singlestem method |
CN109429943A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-08 | 信阳市农业科学院 | Henan south rice covers wheat implantation methods |
CN109429944A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-08 | 信阳市农业科学院 | Wheat planting method under the rice stubble no-tillage of Henan south |
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CN106879340A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-23 | 平凉市农业科学院 | Flax film lateral sulcus broadcasts mechanized farming method |
CN107637514A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-30 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of hybrid wheat mechanization breeding high efficiency seed type of seeding |
CN108812119A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-16 | 许美凤 | A kind of wheat planting method |
CN109429942A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-08 | 信阳市农业科学院 | Henan south wheat evening broadcasts singlestem method |
CN109429943A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-08 | 信阳市农业科学院 | Henan south rice covers wheat implantation methods |
CN109429944A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-08 | 信阳市农业科学院 | Wheat planting method under the rice stubble no-tillage of Henan south |
CN109511492A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-26 | 信阳市农业科学院 | Henan south Wheat after rice wetland robs sowing planting method |
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Application publication date: 20150624 |