CN1047177A - 脉冲宽度调制变换装置的控制方法 - Google Patents

脉冲宽度调制变换装置的控制方法 Download PDF

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CN1047177A
CN1047177A CN90100616A CN90100616A CN1047177A CN 1047177 A CN1047177 A CN 1047177A CN 90100616 A CN90100616 A CN 90100616A CN 90100616 A CN90100616 A CN 90100616A CN 1047177 A CN1047177 A CN 1047177A
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荒木博司
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4233—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a bridge converter comprising active switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/1555—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with control circuit
    • H02M7/1557—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with control circuit with automatic control of the output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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Abstract

一种用于控制带有交直流变换电力变换器的脉宽调制变换装置的方法，它包括：在该变换装置中给与交流电源相位相同的电压，即同相电压设定一同相电压极限值；当同相电达到该极限值时，产生一无功电流，使同相电压不超过极限值，从而控制前述电力变换器。
采用本发明，可以获得成本低、结构紧凑并且有高精度的稳定控制的PWM变换装置。

Description

本发明涉及PWM变换装置改进的控制方法。
交直流变换装置中控制无功电力的装置可见于特公昭61-37864号公报。它是采用电压型脉幅调制反相器的交流电动机的控制装置，测出交流电源一侧的无功电力和交直流变换器的直流输出电压，对于电源电压，控制同相成分电压的大小，以使无功电力处于设定值，同时，对于电源电压，控制90°相位差成分电压的大小，以使直流电压处于设定值。
藉此，电动机能够电动运转和再生制动，并且能够有高的交流电源功率。
另外，PWM反相装置中修正电压信号的装置可见于特开昭60-229676号公报。
已有的象PWM变换器之类的交直流变换装置因为象上面那样构成，故在电源电压上升，尤其是再生的时候，如果再生电流增加，则正交电压设定值V＊ d和同相电压设定值V＊ q增大，因此，三相交流电的电压指令值V＊ d、V＊ v和V＊ w变大。
这样的问题用图3的向量图进行说明。
图中以电源电压E作为基准，在无功电流Id＝0的条件下，如果存在有功电流Iq的话，输出电流I与有功电流Iq相等，与电源电压E同相。再有，如考虑到***在交流电源与电力变换器之间的电抗线圈上的电压降，则它为WLI。因此，根据V＊＝E-WLI，电压指令值V＊成为图中那样，与电压指令值V＊的电源电压E正交的成分用正交电压设定值V＊ d表示，同相的成分用同相电压设定值V＊ q表示。
亦即，在功率因数良好的状态下，V＊变得很大。
其结果是，因为能够输出的三相交流电压受直流电压Ed限制，所以存在的问题是会引起电压饱和，使控制变得不稳定。
另外，如果做到直流电压Ed能大到有充分余量，则为了确保耐压，装置变得庞大。
本发明就是为了解决上述问题而作出的，它不会引起电压饱和。本发明目的在于提供成本低、结构紧凑的PWM变换装置，它能够有高精度的稳定控制，同时，没有因直流电压大到具有充分余量而确保耐压的必要。
本发明的控制PWM变换装置的方法是，设定同相电压设定值V＊ q的极限值，如果同相电压设定值达到极限值，即控制PWM变换器，通以无功电流，以避免其超过极限值。
在本发明中，无功电流的设定使得在同相电压设定值达到其极限值时即通以与此相符合的无功电流，以免该同相电压设定值超过极限值。
图1是基于本发明一个实施例的PWM变换装置的框图，图2是示出本发明PWM变换装置的动作的向量图，图3是显示已有PWM变换装置的动作的向量图。
（1）是三相交流电源，（2）是电感，（3）是电力变换器，（11）、（12）是无功电流控制装置，（13）、（14）、（15）是直流电压控制装置，（16）、（17）是有功电流控制装置，（33）是同相电压极限值设定电路，（34）是减法器，（35）是同相电压控制器。
另外，附图中相同的符号表示相同或相当的部分。
下面通过图1的PWM变换装置的框图说明本发明的一个实施例。
图中，1是交流电源，供给三相交流电力，即U相、V相和W相，在各相的输出端分别连接了电抗线圈2。3是电力变换器，由多个晶体管3a-3f（开关元件）和多个二极管3g-3l（整流元件）构成，每一对晶体管3a-3f和二极管3g-3l的连接点通过电抗线圈2连接在交流电源1的输出端上。从而通过下面将描述的PWM信号形成电路产生的PWM信号，将交流电源1输出的交流电变换成所需要的直流电。4是滤波电容器，使电力变换器3的晶体管对及二极管对的两端之间的直流电压Ed平均化。该滤波电容器4的两端之间连接电压检测器5和负载6。
7是电流检测器，设置在电抗线圈2与电力变换器3之间，用于检测交流电源1与电力变换器之间流动的三相交流的输出电流Iu、Iv和Iw。8是相位检测器，连在交流电源的输出端上，检测三相交流电压Eu、Ev、和Ew的各个电压相位θEu、θEv和θEw。9是座标变换器，根据电压相位θEu、θEv和θEw，将输出电流Iu、Iv和Iw变换成以具有正交二根轴的交流电源为基准的输出电流的正交成分电流Id（下文称为无功电流Id）和同相成分电流Iq（下文称为有功电流Iq）。
11是减法器，将无功电流Id从无功电流设定值I＊ d中减去。12是电流控制器，根据减法器11来的电流差值信号，输出以交流电源为基准的三相交流电的电压指令的正交成分电压设定值V＊ d（下文称为正交电压设定值）。
13是直流电压设定电路，输出相当于直流电压Ed的电压设定值E＊ d。14是减法器，从电压设定值E＊ d中减去直流电压Ed。15是电压控制器，根据减法器14来的电压差值信号，输出相当于有功电流Iq的有功电流设定值I＊ q。16是减法器，从有功电流设定值I＊ q中减去有功电流Iq。17是电流控制器，根据减法器16来的电流差值信号，输出以交流电源为基准的三相交流电的电压指令的同相成分电压设定值V＊ q（下文称为同相电压设定值）。
18是座标变换器，与电流控制器12及17连接，根据电压相位θEu、θEv和θEw，将正交二根轴上的正交电压设定值V＊ d和同相电压设定值V＊ q变换成三相的电压指令值V＊ u、V＊ v和V＊ w。
19-21是3个PWM信号形成电路，分别由相同的构成元件构成，输出具有与各个电压指令值V＊ u、V＊ v和V＊ w相应的脉冲幅值的PWM信号Pa-Pf。
例如，用于W相的PWM信号形成电路21配置有判别输出电流Iw极性的比较器22、响应比较器22的输出信号而输出呈矩形波状的电压修正信号△V的调节器23、在电压指令值V＊ w上加上电压修正信号△V的加法器24、输出三角形载波Vc的载波发生器25、从通过加法器24修正后的电压指令值V＊ w中减去载波Vc的减法器26、响应减法器26的输出信号而输出开信号Q和 Q的比较器27、使开信号Q和 Q的上升时间延迟与电压补正信号△V成比例的时间并把它作为PWM信号Pe和Pf加以输出的延迟元件28和29。
30、31是补偿器，32是补偿电源电压的电源电压补偿器，33是同相电压极限值设定电路，受到直流电压Ed限定，并把同相电压设定值V＊ q的极限值VqLM设定成三相交流电压Vu、Vv、Vw不引起电压饱和，34是从同相电压极限值设定电路33的输出，即同相电压极限值VqLM中减去同相电压设定值V＊ q的减法器，35是同相电压控制器，例如将上述减法器34的输出进行积分运算而输出无功电流设定值I＊ d。
下面对图1的动作进行说明。
电流检测器7测出输出电流Iu、Iv和Iw，输入到座标变换器9及PWM信号形成电路19-21。另外，相位检测器8测出交流电压Eu、Ev和Ew的电压相位θEu、θEv和θEw，输入座标变换器9及18。各个电压相位θEu、θEv和θEw由次式表示：
θEu＝θ
θEv＝θ-（2/3）π
θEw＝θ+（2/3）π
座标变换器9以相当于交流电压Eu、Ev和Ew的直流量的电源电压E为基准，输出相当于输出电流Iu、Iv和Iw直流量的输出电流I的、与电源电压E相对应的正交成分Id（无功电流）和同相
Figure 901006165_IMG2
座标变换器18根据正交电压设定值V＊ d和同相电压设定值V＊ q，从下式算出三相交流电的电压指令值V＊ u、V＊ v和V＊ w：
Figure 901006165_IMG3
通过这个运算，相当于直流量的正交电压设定值V＊ d和同相电压设定值V＊ q变换成交流量的电压指令值V＊ u、V＊ v和V＊ w，输入各个PWM信号形成电路19-21。
在这里，就W相的PWM信号形成电路21对电压修正信号△V为零的情况进行说明。电压指令值V＊ w利用减法器26减去载波Vc，输入比较器27。
比较器27根据减法器26的输出信号，比较电压指令值V＊ w和载波Vc，在
V＊ w＞Vc
期间输出开信号Q，在
V＊ w＜Vc
期间输出开信号 Q。这样的开信号Q和 Q通过延迟元件28和29延迟上升时间，并分别构成用于导通驱动晶体管3e和3f的PWM信号Pe和Pf而输出。延迟元件28和29防止因晶体管3e和3f关断动作延迟所引起的桥臂短路。
同相电压极限值设定电路33受到直流电压Ed的限制，为了三相交流电压Vu、Vv、Vw不引起电压饱和，而输出作为同相电压设定值V＊ q极限值的同相电压极限值Vq、LM。接着，上述同相电压极限值VqLM通过减法器34减去同相电压设定值V＊ q。用同相电压控制器35对该减法器34的输出作积分运算，然后，通过同相电压控制器35，在同相电压设定值V＊ q比同相电压极限值VqLM大的时候，将上述积分运算的结果作为前面描述的无功电流设定值I＊ d输出，而在同相电压设定值V＊ q比同相电压极限值VqLM小的时候，输出零。藉此，当同相电压设定值V＊ q超过同相电压极限植VqLM时，无功电流Id流出，同相电压设定值V＊ q限制在同相电压极限值VqLM上，这在图2的向量图中示出。
如果同相电压设定值V＊ q超过同相电压极限值VqLM，则无功电流设定值I＊ d设定为预定值，无功电流Id流出。因此，输出电流I如图所示，为无功电流Id和有功电流Iq的向量和，功率角变成φ。与此相同，电抗线圈2上的电压降WLI变成为无功电流Id引起的电压降部分WLId与有功电流Iq引起的电压降部分WLIq的向量和，电压指令值V＊成为图中那样。
因此，电压指令值V＊中与电源电压E对应的成分，即同相电压设定值V＊ q控制在同相电压极限值VqLM上。
如上所述，根据本发明，如果同相电压设定值达到同相电压设定值的极限值，则为了同相电压设定值不超过该极限值，而通以与此相符合的无功电流，因此，得到了成本低、结构紧凑、并且有高精度稳定控制的产品。本发明具有这样的效果。

Claims (1)

1、一种脉宽调制变换装置的控制方法，在带有对交流电源来的交流电进行控制并将它变换成直流电的脉宽调制控制电力变换器的变换装置中，其特征在于，它包括：
第一步骤，对于和用于控制前述电力变换器的指令电压的交流电源相位相同的电压设定极限值，
第二步骤，设定从前述交流电源流出的无功电流值，以免超越上述所设定的极限值，并控制前述电力变换器。
CN90100616A 1989-05-12 1990-02-06 脉冲宽度调制变换装置的控制方法 Expired CN1015847B (zh)

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