CN104686267A - Method for early prediction of heavy metal cadmium content in rice - Google Patents
Method for early prediction of heavy metal cadmium content in rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN104686267A CN104686267A CN201510136177.9A CN201510136177A CN104686267A CN 104686267 A CN104686267 A CN 104686267A CN 201510136177 A CN201510136177 A CN 201510136177A CN 104686267 A CN104686267 A CN 104686267A
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- rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for early prediction of heavy metal cadmium content in rice. The method is a prediction method for rice quality grading and includes the following steps: 1), continuously and repeatedly collecting rice samples when hard rice grains appear; 2), drying, and measuring cadmium in the rice. By the method, cadmium content of unhusked rice of rice fields in a certain area can be predicted three weeks early, the rice can be stored respectively according to different risk levels during harvesting, and time can be gained for governments to manage the rice different in safety level; the method is simple in operation and easy in implementation during actual work.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for heavy metal cadmium content in a kind of early prediction rice, in advance for rice safe graded management provides data on the other hand.
Background technology
Rice is one of main grain of China, and the population in the whole nation more than 60% take rice as staple food, and cadmium is a kind of toxic heavy metal, and damage renal tubule, particularly makes the metabolism of bone be obstructed, cause the series of symptoms such as osteoporosis, atrophy, distortion.For this reason, the cadmium maximum magnitude in the World Health Organization (WHO) and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) regulation cereal is 0.1mg/kg, and it is 0.2mg/kg that China defines the maximum limitation of cadmium in rice.Current China accounts for 1/5 of total cultivated area by the arable area of heavy metal pollution, and contaminated land likely produces the cereal crops of pollution, threatens human health by food chain.Hunan in recent years, " cadmium rice " that Guangdong occurs, cause the masses panic, reflect the great attention of people to rice quality safety, also reflect the deficiency existed in grain quality security incident is met an urgent need simultaneously, because paddy rice is easy to absorb heavy metal cadmium, therefore rice cadmium is the main harm factor of Rice Production at present, if predict cadmium content in certain region rice before paddy rice harvesting prerequisite, will gain time in management for administrative department, carry out early warning scheme in advance, by the rice classified storage of different cadmium pollution horizontal zone, this is significant in quality of rice differentiated control.
CN103749223A discloses the method for integrated control that a kind of rice cadmium exceeds standard; CN103314693A discloses a kind of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and is reducing the application in rice heavy metal cadmium accumulation; CN103314999A discloses a kind of soluble calcium salt and is reducing the application in rice heavy metal cadmium accumulation; CN103392401A discloses a kind of salicylic acid and is reducing the application in rice heavy metal cadmium accumulation; CN103250485B discloses a kind of method utilizing modifying agent and the cadmium pollution of agronomy Comprehensive Control rice; CN103004439A discloses the combination prevention and controls that a kind of slight cadmium pollution soil rice cadmium exceeds standard.But these all relate to the technology how controlling cadmium content.
CN103125280B discloses the safety monitoring method for early warning of cadmium in a kind of rice, this patent mainly through tillering stage (still having about 60 days apart from paddy rice maturation results) cadmium content in plant to set up math equation, and calculate the content of maturing stage rice cadmium thus.As everyone knows, the meteorological condition such as temperature, precipitation has a strong impact on paddy growth situation, thus have influence on the degree that in environment, cadmium shifts in seed, and the field weather conditions reached in the Later Stage of Rice growth of about 60 days are uncontrollable, there is very large uncertainty, therefore by measuring plant cadmium content in early stage, calculating that the method for maturing stage Cd concentration of brown rice is difficult to confidence with mathematical model, very not science, is difficult in real work apply.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the method for heavy metal cadmium content in a kind of early prediction rice, for quality of rice classification provides a kind of Forecasting Methodology.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention adopts is: the method for heavy metal cadmium content in early prediction rice, comprises the following steps: 1) from having the hard grain of rice to occur, continuous several times gathers paddy sample; 2) dry, measure cadmium content in rice.
Further, describedly first three week of rice harvest is referred in early days.
Further, step 2) described mensuration is by atomic absorption spectrography (AAS) and electro microscope energy spectrum instrument method.
Further, described step 2) after also in steps: from the 2nd time sampling predict full ripening stage Cd concentration of brown rice.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: three weeks can be shifted to an earlier date and predict the contents level of certain rice field, region millet at cadmium harvest time, rice can be stored respectively by different risk class when results, can be the rice management of government to different level of security to gain time, simple to operate in real work, easy to implement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Cd concentration of brown rice the statistical testing results between four rice varieties pustulation periods of three test sites of embodiments of the invention and productive phase.
Embodiment
Method of the present invention is in rice milking stage productive phase, occurring from there being the hard grain of rice, continuous several times gathers paddy sample, until full ripening stage, take back indoor oven dry, measure cadmium content in rice, pass through the relation of statistical check analysis sampling time and Cd concentration of brown rice again, found that between whole pustulation period and productive phase, some Cd concentration of brown rice difference is not remarkable, some first times sampled result and present significant difference between full ripening stage, therefore should predict full ripening stage Cd concentration of brown rice from the 2nd sampling, first three week of the time, the chances are rice harvest.The distribution condition in rice grain different parts by atomic absorption spectrography (AAS) and electro microscope energy spectrum instrument method analysis heavy metal cadmium, two kinds of methods all show: embryo cadmium content is significantly higher than endosperm, the content of cadmium in rice embryo is 12 times of endosperm, and pericarp cadmium content is about 8 times of endosperm.Although different researcher's result difference is comparatively large, perhaps relevant with method of testing difference, perhaps relevant with the Environmental Cadmium content of paddy growth and rice varieties, common ground is all that in seed, cadmium mainly concentrates on endosperm and pericarp.And embryo and pericarp reality just define in early days in grouting, in stage of wax ripeness and the full ripening stage of paddy, the mainly accumulation Formation period of much starch, the increase of whole kernel cadmium is not remarkable.Can be found out by result of study of the present invention, can be solid early stage or just gather paddy sample mid-term from rice milking stage, carry out Cadmium detrmination, namely can shift to an earlier date three weeks to predict full ripening stage Cd concentration of brown rice, for government gains time to the rice management of different level of security, simple to operate in real work, easy to implement.
Embodiment:
In the paddy rice that the grown on soil four kinds of 3 kinds of zoness of different is dissimilar, concrete grammar is:
(acidity is respectively pH < 5 to select three kinds of heterogeneitys, pH 5-5.5, pH 5.5-6.0) field soil, test kind is advisable that fragrant 3728, number D is excellent 128, fragrant No. 6 and should fragrant 99E-4 of river, the group arrangement of random district, repeats for 3 times, plot area 2m × 1l m, spacing in the rows is 15cm, and line-spacing is 20cm.Field planting management is by land for growing field crops conventional measure.In the milk ripe stage that paddy rice has the hard grain of rice to be formed from During Grain-filling, gathered rice every four days, until paddy rice full ripening stage, amount to collection six times, continue close to 20 days, sampling number represents with 1,2,3,4,5,6 respectively.Sample is taken back indoor 60 DEG C of oven dry, shelling, is pulverized, cadmium content in atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination sample, Tukey-KramerHSD statistical software is adopted to carry out Mathematical Statistics Analysis to result, the results are shown in Figure 1, in Fig. 1, on mullion, different lowercase represents that Tukey-Kramer HSD examines and determine the significance of difference of each kind 6 sub-sampling, wherein, in Fig. 1, mullion has the representative significant difference (P < 0.05) of different lowercase, there is the representative difference of same letter not significantly (P > 0.05).That is: between a and a without significant difference, without significant difference between a and ab, between a and b, there were significant differences.Reference numerals represents sample time.Summarized results is in Table 1-table 4.
If the rice cadmium limit standard of China is less than 0.2mg/kg be decided to be safety, reference is other areas in the world, as Japan, Taiwan, the standard of Thailand, being decided to be low-risk, the high risk words in location higher than 0.4mg/kg between 0.2mg/kg and 0.4mg/kg, four strains is planted three different locations, draws three kinds of different results.
Interpretation of result:
1, judge with exceeding standard rate
As can be seen from table 1-table 4, calculate exceeding standard rate with national standard 0.2mg/kg, the Cd concentration of brown rice of four strains under same environmental condition, all without significant difference between 6 sampled result, namely exceeding standard rate is all 0%, or is all 100%.But each place is because of the difference of environmental condition, Cd concentration of brown rice scope is different, and as four strains, in Yang Wan village, 1 group of Cd concentration of brown rice all meets national standard (≤0.2mg/kg), should be classified as devoid of risk rank, can safe edible; Four strains between 0.2mg/kg-0.4mg/kg, can be classified as low-risk rank in the result of the 19 groups of Cd concentration of brown rices in Fang Yi village; Four strains all higher than 0.4mg/kg, can be classified as excessive risk rank in the result of the 3 groups of Cd concentration of brown rices in Fang Yi village.Therefore, the rice of these three kinds of different risk levels can store respectively.
2, judge with the statistical testing results
General Cd concentration of brown rice is all the result obtained full ripening stage, and therefore we are just with full ripening stage, and namely the 6th sampled result is reference, carries out significance of difference analysis with Tukey-Kramer HSD statistical software.
Suitable fragrant 3728: as can be seen from Figure 1, the test of suitable perfume 3,728 1 group in Yang Wan village, between 6 sampled result, Cd concentration of brown rice is without significant difference (P > 0.05)), and it is similar in 3 groups, Zu Hefangyi village of Fang Yi village 19 result, except between first time sampling and full ripening stage result, there were significant differences, all without significant difference between other 5 results, although judge between each sampled result without significant difference with exceeding standard rate, but from more rigorous attitude, 2 sampling times of Ying Cong start prediction, and the time, the chances are first three week of results.
D excellent 128: except the 1st sampled result in 19 groups, Fang Yi village and full ripening stage result statistical test conclusion significant difference, on other two places, without significant difference between each sampled result, equally, although judge between each sampled result without significant difference with exceeding standard rate, from more rigorous attitude, should predict from the 2nd sampling time, the time, the chances are first three week of results.
Without significant difference between each the sampled result in fragrant 3 groups, No. 6: Fang Yi village, river, but there is similar rule in other two places, all that between the 1st sampled result and full ripening stage sampled result, there were significant differences, all there was no significant difference between other 5 results, equally, although judge without significant difference between each sampled result, from more rigorous attitude with exceeding standard rate, 2 sampling times of Ying Cong start prediction, and the time, the chances are first three week of results.
Suitable fragrant 99E-4: this kind the statistical testing results trend is unanimous on the whole with suitable perfume 3728, the test that Ji Yangwan village is 1 group, between 6 sampled result, Cd concentration of brown rice is without significant difference (P > 0.05)), and it is similar in 3 groups, Zu Hefangyi village of Fang Yi village 19 result, except between the 1st sampling and full ripening stage result, there were significant differences, all without significant difference between other 5 results, although judge between each sampled result without significant difference with exceeding standard rate, from more rigorous attitude, 2 sampling times of Ying Cong start prediction, time, the chances are first three week of results.
Can obtain drawing a conclusion by analyzing us above: we can shift to an earlier date three weeks any phase acquisition paddy sample predictions full ripening stage Cd concentration of brown rices completely, for forewarning function is played in rice safety management.
Table 1, should to predict the outcome at different location Cd concentration of brown rice by fragrant 3728 rice varieties
Excellent 128 rice varieties of table 2, number D predict the outcome at different location rice cadmium
Table 3, fragrant No. 6 rice varieties in river predict the outcome at different location Cd concentration of brown rice
Table 4, should to predict the outcome at different location rice cadmium by fragrant 99E-4 rice varieties
Claims (4)
1. the method for heavy metal cadmium content in early prediction rice, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps: 1) from there being the hard grain of rice to occur starting, continuous several times collection paddy sample; 2) dry, measure cadmium content in rice.
2. the method for heavy metal cadmium content in early prediction rice as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly refers to first three week of rice harvest in early days.
3. the method for heavy metal cadmium content in early prediction rice as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 2) described mensuration is by atomic absorption spectrography (AAS) and electro microscope energy spectrum instrument method.
4. the method for heavy metal cadmium content in early prediction rice as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 2) after also in steps: from the 2nd sampling, predict full ripening stage Cd concentration of brown rice.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN105165506A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2015-12-23 | 四川省农业科学院分析测试中心 | Water management planting method for reducing content of cadmium in rice |
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