CN104642806A - Feed capable of improving anti-stress capability of large yellow croakers - Google Patents
Feed capable of improving anti-stress capability of large yellow croakers Download PDFInfo
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- CN104642806A CN104642806A CN201510063645.4A CN201510063645A CN104642806A CN 104642806 A CN104642806 A CN 104642806A CN 201510063645 A CN201510063645 A CN 201510063645A CN 104642806 A CN104642806 A CN 104642806A
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Abstract
The invention aims at providing a feed capable of improving anti-stress capability of large yellow croakers to overcome the defects of the prior art. The feed of the large yellow croakers comprises a vitamin C additive, and the amount of vitamin C provided after the vitamin C additive is metabolized in the large yellow croakers exceeds the amount of vitamin C demanded by growth of the large yellow croakers. The addition amount of the vitamin C in the feed of the large yellow croakers is 3.5 to 5.0 times larger than the amount of vitamin C demanded by growth of the large yellow croakers, and the anti-heat stress capability and the anti-trawl stress capability of the large yellow croakers can be improved by excessively adding the vitamin C.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquatic feeds preparing technical field, be specifically related to a kind of feed improving large yellow croaker anti-stress ability.
Background technology
In fish culture process, be easily subject to external environment stress impact, technical staff calls stressor the abnormal factors departing from fish normal life scope.Cause fish stress reaction, can be divided into according to the character of stressor: mechanical stress, Chemical stress, biology stress stress four kinds with management.The sharply change of temperature, or high temperature, low temperature, illumination is excessively strong, and these all belong to mechanical stress source to travel the noise that causes of ship etc.; Chemical stress source and heavy metal and Organic Pollution, dissolved oxygen is too low, the change etc. of salinity, pH value; Cultivation density is too high cause crowded stress, in the invasion and attack etc. of the disease and pest that the favorable season of fish growth easily causes, these all belong to biological stressor; Manage stressor be then due in breeding process due to seizure, point pond, transport and Disease Processing etc. cause stress.In recent years, highdensity cultivation, the abuse of disinfectant and other drug, the reasons such as the raising operation lack of standardization such as frequent bait throwing in, cause breeding water body environment now to worsen, make cultured fishes be under various environmental stress, cause cultured fishes easily ill even dead, cause culturing economic to lose.Except by improving breeding water body, minimizing the exogenous route such as stress to be operated and be subject to, stress to be strengthened the anti-stress ability of fish by the route of nutrition strengthening cultured fishes outward to reduce cultured fishes.
Large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.) belongs to Perciformes, Sciaenidae, and yellow croaker belongs to, and also claims yellow croaker, Cymbaria dahurica, fresh greatly, belongs to the warm temperature in coastal waters, mass migration fish.Large yellow croaker, body colour is golden yellow, Fresh & Tender in Texture, high protein, low cholesterol, is rich in EPA, DHA equal altitudes unrighted acid, is the seafood fish of China and surrounding countries, regional people's eating.Current Fujian and Zhejiang are China's important large yellow croaker cultivation producing regions.Large yellow croaker optimum growth water temperature is 18 ~ 25 DEG C, and the situation of ingesting of large yellow croaker is very large by the impact of temperature of cultivation, and when water temperature rises to 28 DEG C, large yellow croaker food ration is 60 ~ 70% of normal food ration.Annual July to September, Bay, Ningde, Fujian Province large yellow croaker Cultivated water average temperature was higher than 27 DEG C, at such high temperature season, because Heat-temperature stress large yellow croaker resistance declines, add that high temperature season is also that disease takes place frequently season, this just causes large yellow croaker massive mortality, brings huge economic loss to raiser.In addition large yellow croaker be also easily subject to trawlnet stress impact.Point seedling, a draping etc. in breeding process all will carry out trawlnet operation, and the growth of trawlnet to large yellow croaker causes interference, coerces, and the trawlnet caused stress.If trawlnet stress be excessive, large yellow croaker acute death can be caused, particularly carry out trawlnet again at high temperature season, dual stress superposition will be caused, cause the nutrition of large yellow croaker to change.Therefore, be necessary to provide a kind of feed improving large yellow croaker anti-stress ability.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of feed improving large yellow croaker anti-stress ability, thus make up the deficiencies in the prior art.
First the present invention provides a kind of large yellow croaker feed, includes vitamin c class additive in described feed, and its ascorbic amount provided after large yellow croaker internal metabolism exceedes large yellow croaker to ascorbic growth demand.
Preferred as embodiment, the ascorbic amount provided after metabolism is that large yellow croaker is to 3.5 ~ 5.0 times of vitamin C growth demand;
The vitamin c class additive of prioritizing selection of the present invention is vitamin C phosphoric ester.
The one of large yellow croaker feed provided by the invention is specifically composed as follows:
Fish meal 35 ~ 45%, dregs of beans 15 ~ 25%, wheat flour 20 ~ 25%, soybean lecithin 1.5 ~ 2.5%, fish oil 3 ~ 4%, mineral substance premix 1 ~ 3%, Choline Chloride 0.2 ~ 0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 ~ 1.3%, betaine 0.2 ~ 0.4%, ethoxyquin woods 0.04 ~ 0.06%, taurine 0.4 ~ 0.6%, vitamin premix 1.1 ~ 2.5%, wherein in vitamin premix, vitamin c class additive level ensures that the ascorbic amount provided after large yellow croaker internal metabolism exceedes large yellow croaker to ascorbic growth demand.
As preferably, in above-mentioned feed, the content of vitamin c class additive is 250 ~ 350mg/kg, using feed gross mass as benchmark.
In large yellow croaker feed of the present invention, ascorbic addition exceedes large yellow croaker to 3.5 ~ 5.0 times of vitamin C growth demand, and excessive interpolation vitamin C can improve the anti-heat stress ability of large yellow croaker and anti-trawlnet stress ability.
Detailed description of the invention
In existing large yellow croaker feed, with specific growth rate (SGR) for evaluation index large yellow croaker is 60 ~ 75mg/kg feed to vitamin C requirements amount; But applicant finds in long-term research, excessive interpolation vitamin C can improve the anti-heat stress ability of large yellow croaker and anti-trawlnet stress ability, thus facilitates the present invention.
In serum, blood sugar and cortisol are the important indicators evaluating fish anti-stress ability, when fish are stimulated by stressor, Determination of cortisol can significantly raise, and then promotes that blood-sugar content increases, blood sugar increase to muscle and nerve provides more multi-energy, make fish adapt to stress environment.The stress reaction of large yellow croaker divides three phases: the first stage is change and the mobilization phase of body neuroendocrine activity, and mainly Hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal tissue's axle effect discharges a large amount of glucocorticoid and adrenal medella release catecholamines; In large yellow croaker stress reaction; Second stage is various physiology, the biochemical reaction process of the stress hormone regulation and control produced by the first stage, comprises the change of the biological functions such as respiratory system, cardiovascular system, energetic supersession, electrolyte balance and immune system.A key character of this stage organism metabolism is that the Biological information resources of representative redistributes to tackle better stress with glucose, third level stress reaction is on the basis of second stage, fish body creates adaptability to stressor, and its biological function recovers normal; Or with stress the intensification of degree, the such as growth rate that fish individual or population level occur, the change such as fertility and resistance against diseases reduction.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1: the application of large yellow croaker anti-stress feed formula
With fish meal, dregs of beans, wheat flour, fish oil, soybean lecithin, large yellow croaker mineral substance premix, large yellow croaker vitamin premix (without vitamin C), Choline Chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, betaine for primary raw material, prepare 2 kinds of compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea (referring to table 1): 1# feed is the processed group of the amount (283mg/kg) of adding the vitamin C phosphoric ester just meeting large yellow croaker growth demand; 2# feed is add the processed group meeting the vitamin amount of growth demand 4 times.
Table 1: experiment feed formula
Wherein mineral substance premix (mg/kg): epsom salt (MgSO
4.7H
2o), 182.57; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO
4.5H
2o), 0.98; Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO
4.7H
2o), 11.95; White vitriol (ZnSO
4.7H
2o), 7.59; Manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO
4.H
2o), 4.40; CoCL2 6H2O (CoCl
2.6H
2o), 0.20; Sodium selenite (Na
2seO
3), 0.05; Acid iodide (Ca (IO
3)
2.6H
2o), 0.24; Microcrystalline cellulose, 792.03.But also can select mineral mixture conventional in large yellow croaker feed;
Vitamin premix (mg/kg): VAC, 16000IU; D3 particulate, 2500IU; α-tocopherol, 120; Menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB), 5.1; Thiamine hydrochloride, 24.5; Riboflavin particulate, 36; Pyridoxol, 19.8; Cyanocobalamin, 0.1; D-VB5 calcium, 58.8; Nicotinic acid, 198; Folic acid, 19.6; Biotin, 1.2; Inositol, 784; Vc phosphate, 99.15.Also the vitamin mixtures in other commercially available aquatic products field can be used.
Select the same a collection of large yellow croaker of artificial incubation then, body weight is about about 106.8g, uses fish as test.After 2 weeks raise and train, pick out physically fit, that specification is consistent large yellow croaker and carry out group experiment.Be divided into 2 groups, often group establish 3 parallel, each parallel be 1 net cage (1.5m X 1.0m X 2.0m), each net cage puts 40 tails tests in a suitable place to breed with large yellow croakers, and 2 groups are thrown something and fed 1# and 2# test feed respectively.Every morning 6:00 and afternoon 17:00 be satiated with food and throw something and feed twice, culture experiment carries out 28 days.Stress tests is carried out after culture experiment terminates.
Stress tests type
1 temperature difference stress
The temperature difference stress operation be that fish is pulled out from natural temperature, being placed in the water of the temperature difference 6 DEG C (to use ice cube to regulate water temperature by 30min, water temperature was reduced to temperature required gradually in 30 minutes), put back to normal water temperature at once after 30 minutes, blood sampling after 1h.
2 trawlnets stress
Trawlnet stress the trawlnet that is operating as just leave water by fish, air exposure 10s, then net put down allow fish mention again after 10s in water, repeat 3 times, blood sampling after 30min.
Measure two processed group respectively two kinds of stress tests stress before and after the content of cortisol, glucose in large yellow croaker serum, thus reflect its to the temperature difference stress and trawlnet stress anti-stress ability.The mensuration of glucose selects hexokinase method, and use instrument is Hitachi Hitachi7600; The mensuration of cortisol selects radioimmunology.
Experimental result mean+SD (mean ± S.D.) represents.Indicate significant difference (P<0.05) with the different English Superscript letters in a line upper right corner, t checks: P be same processed group stress before and after fiducial value.Specific experiment the results are shown in Table 2 and table 3.
Table 2: add excess vitamin C to the impact of large yellow croaker Anti-temperature difference stress ability
Table 2 show feed 2 large yellow croaker the temperature difference stress afterwards in serum Determination of cortisol be significantly higher than feed 1 (P<0.05).In process 1 (control group) large yellow croaker serum Determination of cortisol stress before and after paired comparisons there is significant difference (P=0.012), and feed 2 large yellow croaker the temperature difference stress before and after in serum Determination of cortisol paired comparisons there is not significant difference (P
2=0.137).
Before and after large yellow croaker temperature difference acute stress, two feed group large yellow croaker blood-sugar contents are without significant difference (P>0.05).But same processed group stress before and after paired comparisons, feed 1 large yellow croaker blood-sugar content stress before and after there is significant difference (P
1=0.027), add 4 times of vitamin C groups (feed 2) large yellow croaker blood-sugar content and stress not occur significant difference (P=0.398) in front and back.
Table 3: add excess vitamin C to the impact of the anti-trawlnet stress ability of large yellow croaker
Table 3 show large yellow croaker trawlnet between two feed groups stress afterwards in serum the content of cortisol there is no significant difference.But same feed group large yellow croaker trawlnet stress before and after relatively in find: in feed 1 group of large yellow croaker serum Determination of cortisol stress before and after there is significant difference (P=0.047), and in feed 2 groups of large yellow croaker serum Determination of cortisol stress before and after not significantly (P
2=0.265).
Large yellow croaker trawlnet stress afterwards feed 2 groups of large yellow croaker blood-sugar contents apparently higher than 1 group, feed (P<0.05).Same processed group large yellow croaker stress compare by front and back blood-sugar content at trawlnet, and feed 1 and feed 2 groups of large yellow croakers stress all not have significant difference (P1=0.064, P2=0.418) by front and back blood-sugar content at trawlnet.
Two processed group experiments terminate, testing result show to add excess vitamin C processed group large yellow croaker the temperature difference stress with trawlnet stress before and after, in serum, cortisol and glucose content are without significant difference (P>0.05), illustrate in feed and add the anti-stress ability that excess vitamin C can improve large yellow croaker.And forage compounding provided by the invention can solve the side effect that high-load vitamin C brings.
Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease (GOT) also makes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) be a kind of cyclophorase having phosphopyridoxal pyridoxal phosphate dependence, encoded by cell nucleus gene.In cardiac muscle cell, the content of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease is maximum, liver takes second place, in serum, content is few, if the content of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease increases severely in serum, possibility liver generation severe necrosis or destruction can be inferred, therefore can be used to judge whether liver suffers damage (Wang etc., 2005) by the content measuring glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease in serum.
Embodiment 2:
Other operations are with embodiment 1.
Measure two processed group respectively two kinds of stress tests stress before and after total protein content, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease in large yellow croaker serum, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase activities, thus the side effect that the vitamin C adding high-load in reflection feed produces fish liver.Total protein content, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease, the kit that the index such as glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase activities adopts Nanjing to build up the production of biotechnology research institute measures.
Experimental result mean+SD (mean ± S.D.) represents.There is in same data line Tukey Multiple range test significant difference (P<0.05) between different upper target mean value.
Table 4: the impact that excessive interpolation vitamin C is lived on large yellow croaker liver enzyme
Table 4 is presented in feed prepared by the present invention and adds the activity of excessive vitamin C on the content of large yellow croaker liver total protein, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease and alkaline phosphatase and do not cause remarkable impact (P>0.05).
Table 5: excessive interpolation vitamin C is on the impact of large yellow croaker Serum Enzymes
Table 5 is presented in feed and adds excessive vitamin C to large yellow croaker the Total albumen content, and gpt activity, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease activity and alkaline phosphatase activities do not cause remarkable impact (P>0.05).
In addition, the content adding glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease in 8 times of vitamin C processed group (feed 3) large yellow croaker serum in feed is significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), illustrates that in feed, excessive interpolation vitamin C can impact the hepar damnification of large yellow croaker to time a certain amount of.Feed 2 is compared with control group (feed 1), and indices does not exist significant difference, does not therefore produce obvious side effect to large yellow croaker liver.
Claims (6)
1. a large yellow croaker feed, is characterized in that, includes vitamin c class additive in described large yellow croaker feed, and its ascorbic amount provided after large yellow croaker internal metabolism exceedes large yellow croaker to ascorbic growth demand.
2. feed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the ascorbic amount provided after described metabolism is that large yellow croaker is to 3.5 ~ 5.0 times of vitamin C growth demand.
3. feed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described vitamin c class additive is vitamin C phosphoric ester.
4. feed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described feed specifically composed as follows:
Fish meal 35 ~ 45%, dregs of beans 15 ~ 25%, wheat flour 20 ~ 25%, soybean lecithin 1.5 ~ 2.5%, fish oil 3 ~ 4%, mineral substance premix 1 ~ 3%, Choline Chloride 0.2 ~ 0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 ~ 1.3%, betaine 0.2 ~ 0.4%, ethoxyquin woods 0.04 ~ 0.06%, taurine 0.4 ~ 0.6%, vitamin premix 1.1 ~ 2.5%, wherein in vitamin premix, vitamin c class additive level ensures that the ascorbic amount provided after large yellow croaker internal metabolism exceedes large yellow croaker to ascorbic growth demand.
5. feed as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, in described feed, the content of vitamin c class additive is 250 ~ 350mg/kg.
6. the feed as described in claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that, described vitamin c class additive is vitamin C phosphoric ester.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108126183A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-06-08 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of aquatic livestock anti-heat stress and preparation method thereof |
| CN108157238A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-15 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of new Larimichthys crocea stress monitoring method |
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| CN1736241A (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2006-02-22 | 中国海洋大学 | Artificial micro-particle feedstuff for pseudosciaenacrocea larvae |
| CN101181012A (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2008-05-21 | 广东粤海饲料集团有限公司 | Environment protection formula feed for sea water fish |
| CN102038109A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-05-04 | 宁波大学 | Antistress reinforcing agent for large yellow croaker |
| CN103689297A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-02 | 厦门惠盈动物科技有限公司 | Compound premix for marine fish and preparation method thereof |
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2015
- 2015-02-06 CN CN201510063645.4A patent/CN104642806A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1736241A (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2006-02-22 | 中国海洋大学 | Artificial micro-particle feedstuff for pseudosciaenacrocea larvae |
| CN101181012A (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2008-05-21 | 广东粤海饲料集团有限公司 | Environment protection formula feed for sea water fish |
| CN102038109A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-05-04 | 宁波大学 | Antistress reinforcing agent for large yellow croaker |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| QINGHUI AI ET AL.: "Effects of dietary vitamin C on survival, growth, and immunity of large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea", 《AQUACULTURE》 * |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108157238A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-15 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of new Larimichthys crocea stress monitoring method |
| CN108126183A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-06-08 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations of aquatic livestock anti-heat stress and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20150527 |