CN104625876A - Supercharger impeller blade machining method based on on-machine measuring - Google Patents

Supercharger impeller blade machining method based on on-machine measuring Download PDF

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CN104625876A
CN104625876A CN201510086593.2A CN201510086593A CN104625876A CN 104625876 A CN104625876 A CN 104625876A CN 201510086593 A CN201510086593 A CN 201510086593A CN 104625876 A CN104625876 A CN 104625876A
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blade
measuring
measurement
measuring points
probe
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CN104625876B (en
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张纪可
宋明忠
程世昌
徐彦
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711th Research Institute of CSIC
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711th Research Institute of CSIC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/02Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine or like blades from one piece
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/20Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a supercharger impeller blade machining method based on on-machine measuring. The supercharger impeller blade machining method includes: step a, calibrating a triggering-type measuring head; step b, according to a blade three-dimensional theoretic model, setting m measuring workstation coordinate systems, and planning a measuring path; step c, generating a measuring program according to the measuring path, and installing the measuring program in a numerical control system; step d, subjecting blades to rough machining, and mounting the triggering-type measuring head on a spindle of a numerical control machine tool; step e, running the measuring program, driving the triggering-type measuring head to move, and storing measuring point coordinate values; step f, transmitting the measuring point coordinate values of the blades to a computer, performing multi-workstation data aligning on the measuring point coordinate values by the computer, performing comparative calculation with the blade three-dimensional theoretic model to acquire blade machining deformation quantity and deformation rule; step g, calculating blade finish machining reverse compensation allowance, and performing blade finish machining according to the reverse compensation allowance. By the supercharger impeller blade machining method, thermal treatment process is omitted, and the problems of demounting, repairing and repositioning for off-line measuring are solved.

Description

Based on the supercharger impeller blade machining process of on-machine measurement
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of supercharger impeller blade machining process.
Background technology
Impeller is as the critical component of booster, and its manufacture level directly affects the service behaviour of booster.The shape of current impeller blade mostly is complex free curved surface, distortion is serious, thinner thickness, some blade edge place thickness is even less than 1mm, in NC Machining Process, by various factors such as cutting force, heat in metal cutting, residual stress, very easily there is machining deformation, thus do not reach blade dimensions required precision.
The small impeller of some thinner thickness is after blade roughing, and machining deformation is excessive, causes blade fine finishining to owe to cut.In this case, need after blade roughing, impeller to be disassembled from machining tool to carry out Tempering and Quenching, then return machining tool and carry out blade semifinishing and fine finishining.This Impeller Machining technique adds heat treatment step, extends the production time, too increases production cost.
Be generally the off-line measurement method adopting three coordinate measuring machine at present to the automatic measurement of supercharger impeller blade, by high accuracy three coordinate measuring machine, off-line detection eventually carried out to blade outline and thickness, blade tip and inner flow passage profile tolerance, leading edge profile degree etc.This off-line measurement method as need to the machining deformation surveyed compensate control, then impeller will be returned lathe and carry out reparations reprocessing, but now machining benchmark is accurately located very difficult again, thus accurately cannot repair reprocessing to machining deformation.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of supercharger impeller blade machining process based on on-machine measurement, it can after blade roughing, without the need to dismantling impeller, directly on machining tool, accurately measure blade processing deflection, obtain machining deformation rule thus, then carry out Contrary compensation fine finishining, thus eliminate heat treatment step, also solve off-line measurement dismounting simultaneously and repair the difficult problem relocated.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
Based on a supercharger impeller blade machining process for on-machine measurement, comprise the following steps:
Step a, touch trigger probe to be demarcated, obtain the effective radius R of the probe of touch trigger probe, R value is stored in digital control system and is used for probe tip radius compensation;
The three-dimensional DEM of step b, foundation blade, arranges m and measures station coordinate system, and planning survey path, m >=2;
Step c, according to described measuring route produce process of measurement, in digital control system, install and measure program;
Steps d, first roughing is carried out to blade, after blade roughing, the process tool on main shaft of numerical control machine tool is unloaded, then touch trigger probe is arranged on main shaft of numerical control machine tool;
Step e, domination number Ore-controlling Role operating measurement program, the path motion driving touch trigger probe to specify according to process of measurement, is stored in digital control system by measuring point coordinate value;
Step f, blade measuring point coordinate value is transferred to computer; Computer carries out multistation alignment of data to measuring point coordinate value, the measuring point coordinate value after alignment and blade three-dimensional DEM is compared calculating, obtains blade processing deflection and deformation rule;
Step g, foundation blade processing deflection and deformation rule, calculate blade fine finishining Contrary compensation surplus, then carry out blade fine finishining according to Contrary compensation surplus.
After adopting technique scheme, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, form " roughing-on-machine measurement-compensation fine finishining " and compensate processing process, machining tool is directly accurately measured blade, impeller is relocated without the need to dismounting, improve impeller clamped one time passing rate of processing and working (machining) efficiency, solve off-line measurement dismounting reparation and relocate a difficult problem;
2, by compensating processing to machining deformation, without the need to heat treatment step, shortening the impeller production time, also saving production cost;
3, carry out Contrary compensation fine finishining according to machining deformation amount and deformation rule, be conducive to improving blade processing precision, meet blade face profile tolerance tolerance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the hardware system for realizing on-machine measurement of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the layout schematic diagram of 25 measuring points in standard ball.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of step-length algorithm of subdivision.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of supercharger impeller blade.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention made and further illustrating.
Fig. 1 shows the hardware system for realizing on-machine measurement of the present invention, comprises Digit Control Machine Tool 1, digital control system 2, touch trigger probe and computer 6.Touch trigger probe comprises gauge head body 3, probe 4 and receiver 5.One end of gauge head body 3 is connected with probe 4, and the other end is arranged on main shaft of numerical control machine tool 11.When measuring the blade of impeller 9, gauge head body to be contacted with the measuring point on blade by probe 4 and obtains measuring point coordinate value, and the measuring point coordinate value recorded is defeated by receiver 5 by RTTY; Receiver 5 is connected with digital control system 2, and sends the measuring point coordinate value received conversion to digital control system 2.Computer 6 for generating process of measurement, and by RS232 communications interface transmission to digital control system 2, drives gauge head body 3 and probe 4 to move by digital control system 2.Computer 6 also carries out analyzing and processing to the measuring point coordinate data that digital control system 2 transmits, and exports measurement result.
According to an embodiment of the invention based on a supercharger impeller blade machining process for on-machine measurement, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step a, touch trigger probe to be demarcated, obtain the effective radius R of the probe of touch trigger probe, R value is stored in digital control system and is used for probe tip radius compensation;
The three-dimensional DEM of step b, foundation blade, arranges m and measures station coordinate system, and planning survey path, m >=2; Above-mentioned measuring route comprises point position, close to distance, detection range, exits distance, safe distance and path trend;
Step c, according to described measuring route produce process of measurement, described process of measurement is installed in digital control system;
Steps d, first roughing is carried out to blade, after blade roughing, the process tool on main shaft of numerical control machine tool is unloaded, then touch trigger probe is arranged on main shaft of numerical control machine tool; Wherein, the touch trigger probe certainty of measurement selected is higher than blade dimensions precision;
Step e, domination number Ore-controlling Role operating measurement program, the path motion driving touch trigger probe to specify according to process of measurement, is stored in digital control system by measuring point coordinate value;
Step f, blade measuring point coordinate value is transferred to computer; Computer carries out multistation alignment of data to measuring point coordinate value, the measuring point coordinate value after alignment and blade three-dimensional DEM is compared calculating, obtains blade processing deflection and deformation rule;
Step g, foundation blade processing deflection and deformation rule, calculate blade fine finishining Contrary compensation surplus, then carry out blade fine finishining according to Contrary compensation surplus.
In above-mentioned steps a, touch trigger probe is demarcated and is adopted standard ball 25 standardizations, and to improve stated accuracy, above-mentioned standard ball 25 standardizations are specific as follows:
The probe of step a-1, touch trigger probe is 25 measuring points on crash standards ball successively, obtain the coordinate value of 25 measuring points;
Step a-2, utilization least square method carry out the Fitting Calculation to the coordinate value of 25 measuring points, must be the radius r of the least square fitting ball of the centre of sphere of 25 probes;
The effective radius R of step a-3, calculating probe, R=r-D/2, wherein, D is the diameter of standard ball.
The set-up mode of 25 measuring points in standard ball as shown in Figure 2.Get any point on standard ball sphere as summit T, below the T of summit 22.5 ° the first circular section C1 excircle on spaced set 4 the first measuring point N1, below the T of summit 45 ° the second circular section C2 excircle on spaced set 8 the second measuring point N2, below the T of summit 67.5 ° the 3rd circular section C3 excircle on spaced set 4 the 3rd measuring point N3, each the 3rd measuring point N3 is positioned on the perpendicular bisector of the line of two adjacent the second measuring point N2, below the T of summit 90 ° the 4th circular section C4 excircle on spaced set 8 the 4th measuring point N4, these 8 the 4th measuring point N4 are on same Radius with 8 the 3rd measuring point N3 correspondingly respectively.
In above-mentioned step b, the determination of blade point position adopts Surface Parameters to get a method, with reasonable layout point position, and accurately reflection blade processing deformation rule, it is specific as follows that above-mentioned Surface Parameters gets a method:
On blade nurbs surface, if U, V are parametric variable (U, V span is [0,1]), U is increased progressively with fixed step size p from 0, V increases progressively with fixed step size q from 0, then can obtain U respectively to, V to parameter line, the whole intersection point of two parameter line is measuring point.
In above-mentioned steps e, probe leapfrog have employed step-length algorithm of subdivision, to realize the accurate leapfrog function of probe.Shown in composition graphs 3, above-mentioned step-length algorithm of subdivision is specific as follows:
1) first perform reading machine bed system data command, read in the current X-axis in current surving coordinate system, Y-axis and Z axis position coordinate value, calculate the X-axis of current measuring point and target measuring point, Y-axis, Z axis distance difference Δ x, Δ y, Δ z and mobile step number n;
2) according to mobile step number n, (i+1)/n, a are starting point in definition motion interval endpoint a=i/n and b=, and b is terminal, material calculation Δ x*a, Δ y*a and Δ z*a, perform the instruction of step-length rectilinear motion; Continue to perform probe and touch decision instruction, give parameter d by return of value, and by the value of parameter d, judge whether probe touches: as d=0, illustrates and touch, then oneself increases i, returns execution and circulates next time; As d=1, illustrate and touch, then stop circulation, perform next step;
3) use dichotomy to calculate the intermediate point c=(a+b)/2 of (a, b) between motor area, between segmentation motor area, obtain segmenting step delta x*c, Δ y*c and Δ z*c; Parameter e=b-a is given by the step-length accuracy value calculated, judge whether that meeting the step-length precision S preset requires: as e<S, explanation meets required precision, be then stored in digital control system by current X-axis, Y-axis and Z axis position coordinate value, algorithm terminates; As e >=S, illustrate and do not meet required precision, then perform the instruction of segmentation step-length rectilinear motion;
4) continue to perform probe and touch decision instruction, parameter d is given by return of value, by the value of parameter d, judge whether probe touches: as d=0, illustrate that gauge head does not touch between (a, c), then perform b=c, return the intermediate point between computation interval (a, c), segmentation motor area between and step-length until meet step-length precision S requirement; As d=1, illustrate that probe touches between interval (c, b), then perform a=c, return the intermediate point between computation interval (c, b), between segmentation motor area with step-length until meet step-length precision S requirement.
In above-mentioned step f, multistation alignment of data adopts homogeneous coordinate transformation method, by unified under the surving coordinate system W of Digit Control Machine Tool for the blade measuring point coordinate value alignment under m measurement station coordinate system, the step adopting above-mentioned homogeneous coordinate transformation method to be snapped under the surving coordinate system W of Digit Control Machine Tool by any one the measurement station coordinate system M in m measurement station coordinate system is as follows:
By work coordinate system W translation [xw, yw, zw] T, press right-hand rule again around X-axis anglec of rotation α, around Y-axis anglec of rotation β, obtain measuring station coordinate system M around Z axis anglec of rotation γ, remember that from work coordinate system W to the homogeneous coordinate transformation matrix measuring station coordinate system M be H, then
H = cos &gamma; - sin &gamma; 0 0 sin &gamma; cos &gamma; 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 cos &gamma; 0 sin &gamma; 0 0 1 0 0 - sin &beta; 0 cos &beta; 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 cos &alpha; - sin &alpha; 0 0 sin &alpha; cos &alpha; 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 x w 0 1 0 y w 0 0 1 z w 0 0 0 1
The measuring point coordinate (x measured under station coordinate system M k j, y k j, z k j) (k=1,2 ..., be (x under m) snapping to station coordinate system W k ' j, y k ' j, z k ' j), then by
x j k y j k z j k 1 T = H x j k &prime; y j k &prime; z j k &prime; 1 T
Can obtain:
x j k &prime; y j k &prime; z j k &prime; 1 T = H T x j k y j k z j k 1 T
Below for the supercharger impeller primary blades (surface profile tolerance is for 0.1mm) shown in Fig. 4, describe according to an embodiment of the invention based on the implementation step of the supercharger impeller blade machining process of on-machine measurement in more detail:
Step a, the calibrated standard ball utilizing diameter to be 25.4mm ± 0.001, demarcate touch trigger probe (probe tip diameter D=6mm); Run gauge head calibrating procedure, touch trigger probe probe is 25 measuring points on crash standards ball successively, and the effective radius R that the Fitting Calculation obtains probe is 2.9857mm, is stored in by R=2.9857mm in digital control system 2 and is used for probe tip radius compensation;
Step b, foundation primary blades cube theory cad model, pressure face 9a and suction surface 9b all arrange 2 and measure station coordinate systems, ensure that probe neither interferes collision with primary blades 91, also can measure the Zone Full of whole primary blades; Get a method according to parameter, U is taken as 0.08, V to fixed step size p and is taken as 0.1 to fixed step size q, obtains each 152 point positions on primary blades pressure face and suction surface; Planning close to distance for 3mm, detection range be 2mm, exit that distance is 3mm, safe distance is that access path trend between 2mm and measuring point is for V is to two-way trend;
Step c, postpositive disposal is carried out to primary blades measuring route, obtains process of measurement, by process of measurement by RS232 communications interface transmission to digital control system;
Steps d, carry out roughing to primary blades, one side stays 0.3mm allowance; After primary blades roughing, unloaded by process tool, then touch trigger probe is arranged on main shaft of numerical control machine tool 11, the touch trigger probe certainty of measurement selected is higher than primary blades dimensional accuracy;
Step e, startup touch trigger probe, operating measurement program, drives the measuring route motion that touch trigger probe specifies according to process of measurement; Process of measurement calls the leapfrog macroprogram adopting the establishment of step-length algorithm of subdivision, and wherein step-length precision S is 0.005mm; The coordinate value of the measuring point that record probe 4 touches, is stored in measuring point coordinate value in digital control system 2;
Step f, by primary blades measuring point coordinate value by RS232 communications interface transmission to computer 6; Homogeneous coordinate transformation method is adopted to carry out multistation alignment of data to measuring point coordinate value, measuring point coordinate value after alignment and primary blades cube theory cad model are compared calculating, obtain the average machining deformation amount of primary blades pressure face for-0.05mm, the average machining deformation amount of primary blades suction surface is 0.088mm, and its deformation rule is that primary blades occurs by the machining deformation of pressure face towards suction surface;
Step g, according to above-mentioned blade processing deflection and deformation rule, calculating primary blades pressure face fine finishining Contrary compensation surplus is 0.05mm, and suction surface fine finishining Contrary compensation surplus is-0.088mm, then carries out blade fine finishining according to Contrary compensation surplus.

Claims (4)

1., based on a supercharger impeller blade machining process for on-machine measurement, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step a, touch trigger probe to be demarcated;
The three-dimensional DEM of step b, foundation blade, arranges m and measures station coordinate system, and planning survey path, m >=2;
Step c, according to described measuring route produce process of measurement, described process of measurement is installed in digital control system;
Steps d, first roughing is carried out to blade, after blade roughing, the process tool on main shaft of numerical control machine tool is unloaded, then touch trigger probe is arranged on main shaft of numerical control machine tool;
Step e, domination number Ore-controlling Role operating measurement program, the path motion driving touch trigger probe to specify according to process of measurement, is stored in digital control system by measuring point coordinate value;
Step f, blade measuring point coordinate value is transferred to computer; Computer carries out multistation alignment of data to measuring point coordinate value, the measuring point coordinate value after alignment and blade three-dimensional DEM is compared calculating, obtains blade processing deflection and deformation rule;
Step g, foundation blade processing deflection and deformation rule, calculate blade fine finishining Contrary compensation surplus, then carry out blade fine finishining according to Contrary compensation surplus.
2. a kind of supercharger impeller blade machining process based on on-machine measurement as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step a, be utilize standard ball 25 standardizations to demarcate trigger probe, specifically comprise the following steps:
The probe of step a-1, touch trigger probe is 25 measuring points on crash standards ball successively, obtain the coordinate value of 25 measuring points;
Step a-2, utilization least square method carry out the Fitting Calculation to the coordinate value of 25 measuring points, must be the radius r of the least square fitting ball of the centre of sphere of 25 probes;
The effective radius R of step a-3, calculating probe, R=r-D/2, wherein, D is the diameter of standard ball.
3. a kind of supercharger impeller blade machining process based on on-machine measurement as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, 25 measuring points in standard ball are arranged in such a way:
Get any point on standard ball sphere as summit, below summit 22.5 ° the first circular section excircle on spaced set 4 the first measuring points, below summit 45 ° the second circular section excircle on spaced set 8 the second measuring points, below summit 67.5 ° the 3rd circular section excircle on spaced set 4 the 3rd measuring points, each the 3rd measuring point is positioned on the perpendicular bisector of the line of two adjacent the second measuring points, below summit 90 ° the 4th circular section excircle on spaced set 8 the 4th measuring points, these 8 the 4th measuring points are on same Radius with 8 the 3rd measuring points correspondingly respectively.
4. a kind of supercharger impeller blade machining process based on on-machine measurement as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the location data alignment in described step f have employed homogeneous coordinate transformation method.
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CN105345414A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-02-24 哈尔滨东安发动机(集团)有限公司 Machining method of internal flow passage of impeller cover applied to aero-engine
CN106514147A (en) * 2016-11-23 2017-03-22 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 Precise machining method for molded surfaces of high-temperature alloy compressor blades
CN107942948A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-04-20 苏州谷夫道自动化科技有限公司 The detection of probe system and the graphical edit methods of processing program
CN108098455A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-06-01 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 A kind of workpiece centering method
CN113917888A (en) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-11 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 Machining precision improving method based on fixed angular orientation calibration and compensation
CN114227180A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-03-25 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 Method for improving machining precision of turbine blade
CN114247924A (en) * 2021-12-25 2022-03-29 无锡透平叶片有限公司 Blade profile allowance on-machine inspection method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105345414A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-02-24 哈尔滨东安发动机(集团)有限公司 Machining method of internal flow passage of impeller cover applied to aero-engine
CN106514147A (en) * 2016-11-23 2017-03-22 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 Precise machining method for molded surfaces of high-temperature alloy compressor blades
CN106514147B (en) * 2016-11-23 2018-09-14 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 A kind of type face precision machining method of high temperature alloy compressor blade
CN108098455A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-06-01 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 A kind of workpiece centering method
CN107942948A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-04-20 苏州谷夫道自动化科技有限公司 The detection of probe system and the graphical edit methods of processing program
CN107942948B (en) * 2017-12-21 2020-10-27 苏州谷夫道自动化科技有限公司 Method for graphically editing detection and processing programs of probe system
CN113917888A (en) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-11 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 Machining precision improving method based on fixed angular orientation calibration and compensation
CN113917888B (en) * 2021-10-27 2023-05-23 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 Machining precision improving method based on fixed angular calibration and compensation
CN114247924A (en) * 2021-12-25 2022-03-29 无锡透平叶片有限公司 Blade profile allowance on-machine inspection method
CN114247924B (en) * 2021-12-25 2023-09-22 无锡透平叶片有限公司 On-machine inspection method for blade molded line allowance
CN114227180A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-03-25 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 Method for improving machining precision of turbine blade

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