CN104609958A - Special organic composite fertilizer for alfalfa - Google Patents
Special organic composite fertilizer for alfalfa Download PDFInfo
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- CN104609958A CN104609958A CN201510031128.9A CN201510031128A CN104609958A CN 104609958 A CN104609958 A CN 104609958A CN 201510031128 A CN201510031128 A CN 201510031128A CN 104609958 A CN104609958 A CN 104609958A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special organic composite fertilizer for alfalfa, and a preparation method for the special organic composite fertilizer. The preparation method comprises the following steps: by taking edible mushroom dregs and chicken manure as organic raw materials, adding rhizobium and an arbuscular mycorrhiza fungicide, and further mixing an organic composite fertilizer which takes mineral fertilizers as components. As rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza are added into the fertilizer, the nitrogen fixing capacity of alfalfa plants is improved, and the absorption of alfalfa on phosphorus is improved. By adopting the special organic composite fertilizer, the soil structure can be improved, the water retention and fertilizer retention property is improved, and rich mineral substances and trace elements are provided for alfalfa to grow, the quality of alfalfa is remarkably improved, and the yield of alfalfa is increased, that is, the yield is increased by 50% or more.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the research field of fertilizer and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of bacteria agent and edible fungi residues and chicken manure are compound manure of main raw material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Alfalfa (Medicago satica L.) is that China's distribution is the widest, cultivation history at most, leguminous forage that economic worth is the highest, be described as " King of Pasture ".Alfalfa is to the development of promotion save-grain animal husbandry and improve milk unit yield, ensures that milk quality has vital role.
Initial estimate, contains 6kg phosphorus element (P2O5) and 26kg potassium element (K2O) and calcium magnesium sulphur and other trace element in alfalfa hay per ton.Relative to other crop, alfalfa has higher nutritional needs, and the growth of nutritional status to alfalfa of soil has vital role.Sufficient potassium nutrition not only can strengthen the resistance of clover, and prolongs life, can also improve the tolerance to cradling and winter cabbage.Phosphorus element can ensure the healthy growth in plant seedling stage, improves Alfalfa Output.Micronutrient boron promotes that new tissue growth and stem extend.Molybdenum promotes the activity of biological nitrogen fixation enzyme, has vital role to raising alfalfa nitrogen-fixing efficiency.Per hectare alfalfa every year can fixed nitrogen 40 ~ 420kg, with soil nutrient state and field management closely related.
Good fertilizer management can increase Alfalfa Output and utilization periods, reduces fertilizer cost and then increases economic benefit, and blindly fertilising is then run counter to desire.Certain nutrient excess can limit the absorption of other nutrients, makes output not rise counter falling.Such as increase the absorption that soil available phosphorus content can promote calcium, magnesium, sulphur, but can potassium absorption be limited, increase the absorption that available potassium then reduces manganese, zinc, calcium, boron, therefore will note reasonably combined during fertilising.
Seldom adopt soil testing or fabric analysis to carry out fertilizing systems in current China ALFALFA PRODUCTION, apply fertilizer with sensation and experience.But because alfalfa self can utilize root nodule bacterium to carry out biological nitrogen fixation, therefore clover is not high to Nitrogen In Soils element nutritional needs, and alfalfa can also provide a considerable number of nitrogen nutrition for succession crop, so in actual production, the usage quantity of the producer to nitrogenous fertilizer is larger, in fact, clover when clover seedling stage Radical extension is bad or the soil of a large amount of ineffetive nodulation or pH < 6.5 need applied nitrogen; At soil nitrate-N lower than 15ppm, organic matter needs applied nitrogen lower than when 1.5% (as sand loam soil); After planting the soil moisture continues to need applied nitrogen lower than when 15 DEG C; Applied nitrogen is needed when the alfalfa growing time limit long (more than 5 years).Therefore, in ALFALFA PRODUCTION practice, using self nitrogen fixing capacity impact of alfalfa of nitrogenous fertilizer is comparatively large, needs applied nitrogen of suiting measures to local conditions.
Potassium element is extremely important for the effect of alfalfa, not only improves disease resistance of plant and the effect in life-span, can also improve the tolerance and winter cabbage that cradle high strength.China's Alfalfa Growing ground great majority are sand grounds, when carrying out fertilizing management, the impact being subject to field crop fertilizer management is serious, the producer focuses on chemical fertilizer especially the using of instant nitrogenousfertilizer, watch attentively not to fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer is paid attention in pole, some areas, and phosphorus potassium amount of application is not enough, the use of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is focused in some areas, payes attention to not K Amounts.In method of application, pole is paid attention to base manure and is used, and thinks little of topdressing, has despised period of seedling establishment rich water quality management and the rich water quality management after at every turn cradling.In addition, the fertilizer management feature in each region is different, and the Northeast does not generally carry out fertilizing management.Most of region not applying fertilizer on the fertilizing management of Huang-Huai-Hai.The soil that Loess Plateau most area is scarce phosphorus, few nitrogen, potassium enrich, production is focused on the use of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer.Cold region focuses on the use of fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.Xinjiang region produces the upper use paying attention to nitrogen phosphorus, and especially nitrogen fertilizer amount is higher.In modern large-scale farm, base fertilizer and topdress all based on nitrogenous fertilizer, not too focuses on fertilizer and potash fertilizer use.Inner Mongolia is due to soil fertility and the impact of herding culture, production thinks little of the use of fertilizer, in order to solve such problem of fertilization, 102515950A discloses a kind of fertilizer for middle low yield alfalfa ground, this fertilizer is with N,P,K fertilizers and organic be prepared from for raw material, significantly increase the seed output and quality of middle-and-low-yielding fields alfalfa, but, micronutrient levels in sandy soil is lower, in soil, only increase macroelement and the organic micro-element nutrition be not enough to needed for supplementary alfalfa.Find according to the study, the shortage of boron element can affect the growth of cambium, and restriction stem extends, and molybdenum element participates in the nitrogen fixation of root nodule bacterium in alfalfa plants, therefore for the problems referred to above, the present invention proposes a kind of clover organic composite fertilizer dedicated.
China's alfalfa cultivation history is long, plantation is had in China northeast, Huang-Huai-Hai plain, the Inner Mongol, loess plateau, Xinjiang, Qinghai-Tibet Platean and the Yangtze valley, the present invention have studied Term Fertilization mode and the service condition of different zones alfalfa, and after the clover trophic level in each region and soil regime, scientific proposition, by reasonably combined to organic matter, macroelement fertilizer, secondary and micro-element fertilizers and microbiobacterial agent, produces field with the alfalfa being applicable to each clover cultural area.
In addition, just use with regard to more fertilizer at present, no matter urea, Repone K, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus or Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, its chemical constitution is simple substance element.And except containing except N, P, K three elements in the fertilizer be made with chicken manure and soil ulmin, another containing some middle and trace element and beneficial microorganism, belong to all nutrition type fertilizer, plant normal growth in the time of infertility can be met to the demand of nutrient.Be equipped with the absorption that root nodule bacterium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus can improve Medicago Sativa On N and phosphorus, therefore have containing the compound manure of organic, biological bacteria and mineral fertilizer and strengthen plant resistance, delay plant senesecence, regulate and nourish and grow and reproductive growth, promotion bud differentiation and growth, raising the bud quality, improve the effect such as crop quality, degrading pesticide residues.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, a kind of clover compound fertilizer special is provided, compound manure of the present invention provides alfalfa plants and grows necessary nutritive element and micro-beneficial element, and can improve the fertility of clover soil, the yield and quality of clover increases.
In order to realize object of the present invention, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of clover organic composite fertilizer dedicated, it is characterized in that, comprising: the organic fertilizer prepared with edible fungi residues and chicken manure; With the inorganic mineral fertilizer that the macroelement fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the trace element fertilizer containing zinc, boron, molybdenum, manganese are mixed with; And, for improving the microbiobacterial agent of clover nitrogen fixing capacity and Root Absorption ability.
Wherein, the weight proportion of the edible fungi residues and chicken manure of preparing described organic fertilizer is 1 ~ 4:6 ~ 9.
Preferably, the edible fungi residues of the described organic fertilizer of described preparation and the weight proportion of chicken manure are 2-3:7-8.
Further preferably, the weight proportion of the edible fungi residues and chicken manure of preparing described organic fertilizer is 2:8.
Especially, organic fertilizer prepared by described edible fungi residues and chicken manure also comprises, and adds aerobic fermentation bacterium and makes chicken manure generation aerobic fermentation, decomposing organic matter with deodorizing microorganism, eliminate stench in described edible fungi residues and chicken manure.
Wherein, in described macroelement fertilizer except comprising nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element, also can comprise or not comprise other element.
Wherein, except comprising zinc, boron, molybdenum, manganese in described trace element fertilizer, can also comprise or not comprise other elements.
Wherein, the weight of described organic fertilizer, inorganic mineral fertilizer and microbiobacterial agent is:
Organic fertilizer 65-85 part;
Inorganic mineral fertilizer 14.9-34.91 part;
Microbiobacterial agent 0.09-0.1 part.
Preferably, the weight of organic fertilizer, inorganic mineral fertilizer and microbiobacterial agent is:
Organic fertilizer 70-80 part;
Inorganic mineral fertilizer 19.9-29.91 part;
Microbiobacterial agent 0.09-0.1 part.
Further preferably, the weight of organic fertilizer, inorganic mineral fertilizer and microbiobacterial agent is:
Organic fertilizer 75 parts;
24.9 parts, inorganic mineral fertilizer;
Microbiobacterial agent 0.1 part.
Wherein, the weight of described nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and described microorganism element fertilizer is:
Preferably, the weight of described nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and described microorganism element fertilizer is:
Further preferably, the weight of described nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and described microorganism element fertilizer is:
Wherein, described nitrogen be selected from urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride one or more, be preferably diammonium phosphate fertilizer; Described phosphorus be selected from calcium superphosphate, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium primary phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and nitrophosphate fertilizer one or more, be preferably calcium superphosphate; Described potash fertilizer be selected from potassium sulfate, Repone K, potassium silicate, potassium primary phosphate, potassium metaphosphate one or more, be preferably potassium sulfate.
Especially, described trace element fertilizer is the fertilizer containing zinc element, boron, molybdenum element and manganese element, and its weight is:
Particularly, described trace element fertilizer is the fertilizer containing zinc element, boron, molybdenum element and manganese element, and its weight is:
Wherein, described zinc be selected from Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride one or more, be preferably Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate; Described boron be selected from boric acid, borax one or more, be preferably borax; Described molybdenum be selected from ammonium molybdate, Sodium orthomolybdate one or more, be preferably ammonium molybdate; Described manganese be selected from manganous sulfate, Manganous chloride tetrahydrate one or more, be preferably manganous sulfate.
Wherein, the described microbiobacterial agent for improving clover nitrogen fixing capacity and Root Absorption ability comprises nitragin (R.meliloti) and arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), and its weight is:
Nitragin 4-6 part;
Arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum 4-6 part.
Preferably, the weight of described nitragin (R.meliloti) and arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum (arbuscular mycorrhizalfungi) is:
Nitragin 5 parts;
Arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum 5 parts.
Wherein, described microbiobacterial agent is activated after rehydration.
Further preferably, the activity >=0.50 hundred million/g of described microbiobacterial agent.
Wherein, described organic fertilizer is made by high temperature slot type aerobic fermentation.
Wherein, the essential substance in described chicken manure is organic, can improve physical chemistry and the biological nature of soil, vegetable soil, fosters and apply fertilizer and increases soil fertility.Organic substance decomposing can be changed into organic colloid by the multiple-microorganism contained in chicken manure, increase the adsorption area of soil, and the gunk-squeeze process produced makes that soil particle is cementing becomes stable crumb structure, improve the preserve moisture and fertility of soil and ventilative performance, regulate the soil moisture.
For realizing object of the present invention, the preparation method that the present invention provides a kind of clover organic composite fertilizer dedicated on the other hand, is characterized in that, comprises the step that following order is carried out:
Carry out high temperature slot type aerobic fermentation after being mixed with chicken manure by described edible fungi residues, obtain organic fertilizer;
By the macroelement fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the trace element fertilizer mix and blend containing zinc, boron, molybdenum, manganese, obtained inorganic mineral fertilizer;
In described organic fertilizer, add inorganic mineral fertilizer, after fully stirring, carry out pulverizing, granulating, obtain granular organic-inorganic compound fertilizer;
The described microbiobacterial agent being used for improving clover nitrogen fixing capacity and Root Absorption ability is sprayed onto in the mode of spraying the described organic-inorganic compound fertilizer particle surface being in room temperature state, and obtained clover is organic composite fertilizer dedicated.
Wherein, the weight proportion of the edible fungi residues and chicken manure of preparing described organic fertilizer is 1 ~ 4:6 ~ 9.
Preferably, the edible fungi residues of the described organic fertilizer of described preparation and the weight proportion of chicken manure are 2-3:7-8.
Further preferably, the weight proportion of the edible fungi residues and chicken manure of preparing described organic fertilizer is 2:8.
Especially, organic fertilizer prepared by described edible fungi residues and chicken manure also comprises, and adds aerobic fermentation bacterium and makes chicken manure generation aerobic fermentation, decomposing organic matter with deodorizing microorganism, eliminate stench in described edible fungi residues and chicken manure.
Wherein, the weight of described organic fertilizer, inorganic mineral fertilizer and microbiobacterial agent is:
Organic fertilizer 65-85 part;
Inorganic mineral fertilizer 14.9-34.91 part;
Microbiobacterial agent 0.09-0.1 part.
Preferably, the weight of organic fertilizer, inorganic mineral fertilizer and microbiobacterial agent is:
Organic fertilizer 70-80 part;
Inorganic mineral fertilizer 19.9-29.91 part;
Microbiobacterial agent 0.09-0.1 part.
Further preferably, the weight of organic fertilizer, inorganic mineral fertilizer and microbiobacterial agent is:
Organic fertilizer 75 parts;
24.9 parts, inorganic mineral fertilizer;
Microbiobacterial agent 0.1 part.
Wherein, the weight of described nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and described microorganism element fertilizer is:
Preferably, the weight of described nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and described microorganism element fertilizer is:
Further preferably, the weight of described nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and described microorganism element fertilizer is:
Wherein, described nitrogen be selected from urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride one or more, be preferably diammonium phosphate fertilizer; Described phosphorus be selected from calcium superphosphate, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium primary phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and nitrophosphate fertilizer one or more, be preferably calcium superphosphate; Described potash fertilizer be selected from potassium sulfate, Repone K, potassium silicate, potassium primary phosphate, potassium metaphosphate one or more, be preferably potassium sulfate.
Especially, described trace element fertilizer is the fertilizer containing zinc element, boron, molybdenum element and manganese element, and its weight is:
Particularly, described trace element fertilizer is the fertilizer containing zinc element, boron, molybdenum element and manganese element, and its weight is:
Wherein, the described microbiobacterial agent for improving clover nitrogen fixing capacity and Root Absorption ability comprises nitragin (R.meliloti) and arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), and its weight is:
Nitragin 4-6 part;
Arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum 4-6 part.
Preferably, the weight of described nitragin (R.meliloti) and arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum (arbuscular mycorrhizalfungi) is:
Nitragin 5 parts;
Arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum 5 parts.
Wherein, described microbiobacterial agent is activated after rehydration.
Further preferably, the activity >=0.50 hundred million/g of described microbiobacterial agent.
Wherein, described by microbiobacterial agent with spray mode can be nitragin and arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum are sprayed onto described organic-inorganic compound fertilizer particle surface simultaneously, also can be respectively nitragin and arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum are sprayed onto described organic-inorganic compound fertilizer particle surface.
The inventive method tool has the following advantages:
1, clover of the present invention is organic composite fertilizer dedicated, can increase soil fertility.The increase of root nodule bacterium improves alfalfa plants nitrogen fixing capacity, improves the nitrogen element content in clover soil; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus has the effect of phosphorus decomposing, makes the P contained compound in soil be converted into the phosphoric that can absorb for alfalfa plants; Organic substance decomposing is changed into organic colloid by the microorganism in chicken manure, increase the adsorption area of soil, and the gunk-squeeze process produced makes, and soil particle is cementing becomes stable crumb structure, improve the preserve moisture and fertility of soil and ventilative performance, regulate the soil moisture, suitable micro-organisms and plant root growth.
2, clover of the present invention is organic composite fertilizer dedicated, balanced in nutrition, is more beneficial to the growth of alfalfa plants.Owing to being furnished with chicken manure and edible fungi residues organism in fertilizer, the growth of clover can be stimulated, strengthen the receptivity of root system, alfalfa plants is made to absorb nutrient in soil expeditiously, improve alfalfa output, improve alfalfa quality, decrease the usage quantity of chemical fertilizer, increase economic efficiency, amount of increase in production reaches more than 50%.
3, preparation method of the present invention, raw material is simple and easy to get, easy control of process conditions, and cost is low, remarkable in economical benefits.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is clover branch amount dynamic concept mapping under different fertilization of the present invention;
Wherein, in Fig. 1, X-coordinate is different fertilization, and ordinate zou is branch amount.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, advantage and disadvantage of the present invention will be more clear along with description.But these embodiments are only exemplary, do not form any restriction to scope of the present invention.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and can modify to the details of technical solution of the present invention and form or replace down without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these amendments and replacement all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1, organic preparation
The edible fungi residues of the chicken manure of 1500kg and 6000kg is carried out pulverization process respectively, component particles diameter is made to be less than 0.3mm, again the fermentation poultry dung after pulverizing and edible fungi residues are fully stirred under the condition of temperature 20-35 DEG C, after mixing, put into fermentation plant, add simultaneously 4 parts aerobic fermentation bacterium and and deodorizing microorganism, carry out the process of high temperature slot type aerobic fermentation, wherein stir speed (S.S.) is that 80-150rmp adopts potassium bichromate titrimetric method to measure organic content, detect qualified after, obtain organic fertilizer.
The property indices of the organic fertilizer of preparation detects as follows, and measurement result is as shown in table 1:
Organic content: detect according to the method for agricultural industry criteria " organic fertilizer (525-2012) ".
Total nutrient content: detect according to the method for agricultural industry criteria " organic fertilizer (525-2012) ".
Moisture content: detect according to the method for agricultural industry criteria " organic fertilizer (525-2012) ".
PH: detect according to the method for agricultural industry criteria " organic fertilizer (525-2012) ".
Total arsenic: detect according to the method for agricultural industry criteria " organic fertilizer (525-2012) ".
Total mercury: detect according to the method for agricultural industry criteria " organic fertilizer (525-2012) ".
Total lead: detect according to the method for agricultural industry criteria " organic fertilizer (525-2012) ".
Total chromium: detect according to the method for agricultural industry criteria " organic fertilizer (525-2012) ".
Total cadmium: detect according to the method for agricultural industry criteria " organic fertilizer (525-2012) ".
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of chicken manure is generally at about 15-20:1, therefore the requirement 25:1 of the carbon-nitrogen ratio in fermentation requirement can not be met, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of edible fungi residues is 60:1, carbon nitrogen content is higher, therefore in chicken manure, edible mushrooms is added, to meet the carbon-nitrogen ratio requirement of aerobic fermentation, ensure that organic fermentation is carried out smoothly.
In addition, add aerobic fermentation bacterium and make chicken manure generation aerobic fermentation, decomposing organic matter in edible fungi residues and chicken manure, consume moisture wherein, decomposing the heat energy produced can kill pathogenic bacteria; After adding deodorizing microorganism, eliminate the stench produced in fermenting process.
2, the preparation of inorganic mineral fertilizer
Pulverization process is carried out after the manganous sulfate taking the urea of 400kg, the calcium superphosphate of 1200kg, the potassium sulfate of 700kg, the Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate of 90kg, the borax of 9kg, the ammonium molybdate of 1kg and 90kg is fully uniformly mixed, fertiliser granulates diameter is made to be less than 0.3mm, obtained inorganic mineral fertilizer.
Inorganic mineral fertilizer prepared by the application investigates based on to the alfalfa plants of each clover main producing region of China and soil, after analysis, for the alfalfa plants nutrient deficiency rule that the upgrowth situation of China's clover field management pattern and clover draws, with the addition of in macroelement fertilizer containing zinc, boron, the fertilizer of manganese and molybdenum element, the nutritive element in clover land for growing field crops can be supplemented on the one hand, on the other hand, utilize the synergy between nutritive element, promote that clover crop root is to the absorption of Nutrient Elements in Soil, especially molybdenum element is to promoting that the nitrogen metabolism of clover crop has important effect, the crude protein content of clover can be improved, reduce crude fiber content, thus raising alfalfa quality.
3, the preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer
Obtained inorganic mineral fertilizer is joined in organic fertilizer and stirs, control whipping temp is 30-60 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) is 200-300rpm, churning time is 3-5h, after mixing, carries out drying and dehydrating process, control drying temperature is 60-70 DEG C, make the water content≤10wt% of organic-inorganic mixture, and this organic-inorganic mixture is pulverized as diameter is the particle of 1-4.75, both obtain organic-inorganic compound particles.
Inorganic mineral fertilizer joins in organic fertilizer by the application, and the advantage of mineral manure and organic fertilizer is integrated in one, and overcomes single organic fertilizer effect in prior art slowly slow, delays the technical problem in farming season; Also overcome the technical problem that soil physico-chemical property is degenerated and agricultural product quality declines singly executed mineral manure and cause, the nutritive element needed for absorption growth of clover equilibrium can be made, simultaneously owing to containing a certain amount of microorganism and plastic mass in organic fertilizer, can culture fertility, the microbiota of reinforced soil, improve the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer, reduce soil compaction and pollution by chemical fertilizer.
4, the preparation that clover is organic composite fertilizer dedicated
Cool under the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer particle of acquisition is placed in room temperature condition, nitragin and the 50g arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum of 50g is sprayed again successively to particle surface, and with the speed low rate mixing of 40-80rmp, both obtained clover after stirring 0.5-2h organic composite fertilizer dedicated, shading is preserved.
The property indices of the clover compound fertilizer special of preparation detects with reference to People's Republic of China's agricultural industry criteria-organic fertilizer (NY525-2012) method, and measurement result is as shown in table 2:
Living bacteria count: measure according to method disclosed in agricultural industry criteria " meeting microbial fertilizer (NY/T798-2004) ";
Being sprayed at chicken manure by nitragin and arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum is in the fertilizer of main organic composition, nutrition survival abundant in chicken manure can be utilized, and when after incorporation of fertilizerin the soil, nitragin and arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum can bring back to life rapidly in the presence of water, reach logarithmic phase, the crystallized ability improving clover promotes the growth of alfalfa plants; In addition, effective utilization of the balance that bush mycorrhizal fungi circulates to plant nutrient and moisture plays an important role, and particularly arbuscular mycorrhiza has significant effect at promotion clover root system to the absorption of Soil Phosphorus element and utilization.
The present invention is based on and the alfalfa plants of each clover main producing region of China and soil are investigated, after analysis, find the situation that China's clover ubiquity molybdenum element lacks, for the undernutrition conditions of China clover field undernutrition conditions and clover crop, with chicken manure and edible fungi residues for organic carrier, add root nodule bacterium and arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum, coordinate the nitrogen in inorganic mineral fertilizer again, phosphorus, potassium and medium trace element, long-lasting by fertilizer, the physiological regulation function of microorganism uniqueness and the high efficiency of mineral substance fertilizer combine, make clover organic composite fertilizer dedicated, this fertilizer improves its utilization ratio while reducing fertilizer amount, the yield and quality of clover, there is equilibrium nutrition is provided, culture fertility, strengthen the effect of the resistance of clover, especially in fertilizer, with the addition of molybdenum element fertilizer, promote the nitrogen metabolism of clover crop, the crude protein content of clover is improved, crude fiber content reduces, thus raising alfalfa quality.
Embodiment 2
1, organic preparation
The edible fungi residues of the chicken manure of 750kg and 6750kg is carried out pulverization process respectively, component particles diameter is made to be less than 0.3mm, again the fermentation poultry dung after pulverizing and edible fungi residues are fully stirred under the condition of temperature 20-35 DEG C, after mixing, put into fermentation plant, add simultaneously 4 parts aerobic fermentation bacterium and and deodorizing microorganism, carry out the process of high temperature slot type aerobic fermentation, wherein stir speed (S.S.) is that 80-150rmp adopts potassium bichromate titrimetric method to measure organic content, detect qualified after, obtain organic fertilizer.
The property indices of the organic fertilizer of preparation detects according to the method for embodiment 1, and measurement result is as shown in table 1.
2, the preparation of inorganic mineral fertilizer
Pulverization process is carried out after the manganous sulfate taking the urea of 300kg, the calcium superphosphate of 1300kg, the potassium sulfate of 600kg, the Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate of 110kg, the borax of 7kg, the ammonium molybdate of 0.8kg and 110kg is fully uniformly mixed, fertiliser granulates diameter is made to be less than 0.3mm, obtained inorganic mineral fertilizer.
3, the preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer
Obtained inorganic mineral fertilizer is joined in organic fertilizer and stirs, control whipping temp is 30-60 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) is 200-300rpm, churning time is 3-5h, after mixing, carries out drying and dehydrating process, control drying temperature is 60-70 DEG C, make the water content≤10wt% of organic-inorganic mixture, and this organic-inorganic mixture is pulverized as diameter is the particle of 1-4.75, both obtain organic-inorganic compound particles.
4, the preparation that clover is organic composite fertilizer dedicated
Cool under the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer particle of acquisition is placed in room temperature condition, nitragin and the 60g arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum of 40g is sprayed again successively to particle surface, and with the speed low rate mixing of 40-80rmp, both obtained clover after stirring 0.5-2h organic composite fertilizer dedicated, shading is preserved.
The property indices of the clover compound fertilizer special of preparation detects according to the method for embodiment 1, and measurement result is as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 3
1, organic preparation
The edible fungi residues of the chicken manure of 3000kg and 4500kg is carried out pulverization process respectively, component particles diameter is made to be less than 0.3mm, again the fermentation poultry dung after pulverizing and edible fungi residues are fully stirred under the condition of temperature 20-35 DEG C, after mixing, put into fermentation plant, add simultaneously 4 parts aerobic fermentation bacterium and and deodorizing microorganism, carry out the process of high temperature slot type aerobic fermentation, wherein stir speed (S.S.) is that 80-150rmp adopts potassium bichromate titrimetric method to measure organic content, detect qualified after, obtain organic fertilizer.
The property indices of the organic fertilizer of preparation detects according to the method for embodiment 1, and measurement result is as shown in table 1.
2, the preparation of inorganic mineral fertilizer
Pulverization process is carried out after the manganous sulfate taking the urea of 500kg, the calcium superphosphate of 1100kg, the potassium sulfate of 800kg, the Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate of 70kg, the borax of 11kg, the ammonium molybdate of 1.2kg and 70kg is fully uniformly mixed, fertiliser granulates diameter is made to be less than 0.3mm, obtained inorganic mineral fertilizer.
3, the preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer
Obtained inorganic mineral fertilizer is joined in organic fertilizer and stirs, control whipping temp is 30-60 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) is 200-300rpm, churning time is 3-5h, after mixing, carries out drying and dehydrating process, control drying temperature is 60-70 DEG C, make the water content≤10wt% of organic-inorganic mixture, and this organic-inorganic mixture is pulverized as diameter is the particle of 1-4.75, both obtain organic-inorganic compound particles.
4, the preparation that clover is organic composite fertilizer dedicated
Cool under obtained organic-inorganic compound fertilizer particle is placed in room temperature condition, nitragin and the 40g arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum of 60g is sprayed again successively to particle surface, and with the speed low rate mixing of 40-80rmp, both obtained clover after stirring 0.5-2h organic composite fertilizer dedicated, shading is preserved.
The property indices of the clover compound fertilizer special of preparation detects according to the method for embodiment 1, and measurement result is as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 4
1, organic preparation
The edible fungi residues of the chicken manure of 3000kg and 4500kg is carried out pulverization process respectively, component particles diameter is made to be less than 0.3mm, again the fermentation poultry dung after pulverizing and edible fungi residues are fully stirred under the condition of temperature 20-35 DEG C, after mixing, put into fermentation plant, add simultaneously 4 parts aerobic fermentation bacterium and and deodorizing microorganism, carry out the process of high temperature slot type aerobic fermentation, wherein stir speed (S.S.) is that 80-150rmp adopts potassium bichromate titrimetric method to measure organic content, detect qualified after, obtain organic fertilizer.
The property indices of the organic fertilizer of preparation detects according to the method for embodiment 1, and measurement result is as shown in table 1.
2, the preparation of inorganic mineral fertilizer
Pulverization process is carried out after the manganous sulfate taking the urea of 500kg, the calcium superphosphate of 1100kg, the potassium sulfate of 800kg, the Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate of 70kg, the borax of 11kg, the ammonium molybdate of 1.2kg and 70kg is fully uniformly mixed, fertiliser granulates diameter is made to be less than 0.3mm, obtained inorganic mineral fertilizer.
3, the preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer
Obtained inorganic mineral fertilizer is joined in organic fertilizer and stirs, control whipping temp is 30-60 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) is 200-300rpm, churning time is 3-5h, after mixing, carries out drying and dehydrating process, control drying temperature is 60-70 DEG C, make the water content≤10wt% of organic-inorganic mixture, and this organic-inorganic mixture is pulverized as diameter is the particle of 1-4.75, both obtain organic-inorganic compound particles.
4, the preparation that clover is organic composite fertilizer dedicated
Cool under obtained organic-inorganic compound fertilizer particle is placed in room temperature condition, nitragin and the 40g arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum of 60g is sprayed successively to particle surface, and with the speed low rate mixing of 40-80rmp, both obtained clover after stirring 0.5-2h organic composite fertilizer dedicated, shading is preserved.
The property indices of the clover compound fertilizer special of preparation detects according to the method for embodiment 1, and measurement result is as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 5
1, organic preparation
The edible fungi residues of the chicken manure of 2250kg and 5250kg is carried out pulverization process respectively, component particles diameter is made to be less than 0.3mm, again the fermentation poultry dung after pulverizing and edible fungi residues are fully stirred under the condition of temperature 20-35 DEG C, after mixing, put into fermentation plant, add simultaneously 4 parts aerobic fermentation bacterium and and deodorizing microorganism, carry out the process of high temperature slot type aerobic fermentation, wherein stir speed (S.S.) is that 80-150rmp adopts potassium bichromate titrimetric method to measure organic content, detect qualified after, obtain organic fertilizer.
The property indices of the organic fertilizer of preparation detects according to the method for embodiment 1, and measurement result is as shown in table 1.
2, the preparation of inorganic mineral fertilizer
Pulverization process is carried out after the manganous sulfate taking the urea of 380kg, the calcium superphosphate of 1250kg, the potassium sulfate of 650kg, the Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate of 110kg, the borax of 7kg, the ammonium molybdate of 0.8kg and 110kg is fully uniformly mixed, fertiliser granulates diameter is made to be less than 0.3mm, obtained inorganic mineral fertilizer.
3, the preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer
Obtained inorganic mineral fertilizer is joined in organic fertilizer and stirs, control whipping temp is 30-60 DEG C, stir speed (S.S.) is 200-300rpm, churning time is 3-5h, after mixing, carries out drying and dehydrating process, control drying temperature is 60-70 DEG C, make the water content≤10wt% of organic-inorganic mixture, and this organic-inorganic mixture is pulverized as diameter is the particle of 1-4.75, both obtain organic-inorganic compound particles.
4, the preparation that clover is organic composite fertilizer dedicated
Cool under obtained organic-inorganic compound fertilizer particle is placed in room temperature condition, nitragin and the 50g arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum of 50g is sprayed again successively to fertiliser granulates surface, and with the speed low rate mixing of 40-80rmp, both obtained clover after stirring 0.5-2h organic composite fertilizer dedicated, shading is preserved.
The property indices of the clover compound fertilizer special of preparation detects according to the method for embodiment 1, and measurement result is as shown in table 2.
The detected value of table 1 organic fertilizer
Massfraction organic is as shown in Table 1 greater than 45%, total nutrient is greater than 5.0%, the massfraction of moisture be less than 30 (%), potential of hydrogen within the scope of 5.5-8.5, total arsenic content is less than 15mg/kg, total mercury content is less than 2mg/kg, total lead content is less than 50mg/kg, total chrome content is less than 150mg/kg, total cadmium content is less than the standard that 3mg/kg meets the NY525-2012 of Ministry of Agriculture's way.
The detected value of table 2 clover compound fertilizer special
As shown in Table 2, the mass percent of the total nutrient of Special fertilizer of alfalfa material of the present invention is all greater than 5.0%, quality of organic matter mark is all greater than 50%, moisture content is less than 19%, potential of hydrogen is in 6.4 ~ 7.3 scopes, living bacteria count is greater than 2.0 hundred million/g, total arsenic (As) is less than 12.5mg/kg, total mercury (Hg) is less than 1.5mg/kg, total lead (Pb) is less than 41mg/kg, total chromium (Cr) is less than 132mg/kg, total cadmium (Cd) is less than 1.9mg/kg, all meet People's Republic of China's agricultural industry criteria-organic fertilizer (NY525-2012) standard and " meeting microbial fertilizer (NY/T798-2004) " standard.
Test example
1, test site overview: test site is positioned at Guangrao County of Dongying city, average sunshine time is 2234.0 hours, sunshine in year extreme value 2881.4 hours; Average temperature of the whole year 12.3 DEG C, the annual highest temperature 18.8 DEG C, the annual lowest temperature 6.8 DEG C; Quantity of precipitation average 587.4 millimeters over the years, 198 days frostless seasons.Soil is strand moisture soil, and its physico-chemical property is as shown in table 3.
The soil physico-chemical property in table 3 Shandong region area
As shown in Table 3, test Soils In The Region is in alkalescence (pH is 9.1), and available nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content are abundant.
2, test period: in December ,-2014 in April, 2013
3, for examination alfalfa variety: golden queen
4, test design:
Test is set to treatment group and control group, wherein treatment group 1 uses the fertilizer prepared by embodiment 1, be designated as T1, treatment group 2 uses fertilizer prepared by embodiment 2, be designated as T2, treatment group 3 uses fertilizer prepared by embodiment 3, be designated as T3, treatment group 4 uses fertilizer prepared by embodiment 4, be designated as T4, treatment group 5 uses fertilizer prepared by embodiment 5, is designated as T5; Control group 1 does not apply fertilizer, be designated as CK1, control group 2, be designated as CK2, use common nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 10-10-10), control group, be designated as CK3 and use composite organic-inorganic fertilizer (organic is 20:12:5:13 with the ratio of N P and K) totally 8 test group, each test group arranges 3 repetitions, amounts to 24 experimental plots; Adopt randomized block design, experimental field long 40m, wide 30 meters, plot area: 6.5m (wide north-south) × 10m (long East West)=65m2 (calculating according to 0.1 mu), interval, aisle: 0.5m between district's group, adjacent cell continuously every, experimental field fence is set up on border, prevent people and animals from freely entering, field design is as shown in table 4:
Table 4 field randomized block design
5, application process: base manure amount of application 60.39kg/hm
2, period of seedling establishment topdresses amount of application 60.39kg/hm
2, topdress after cradling 46.97kg/hm
2, apply fertilizer separately according to each community of fertilization type of design, earth's surface is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields, and waters after fertilising, and other periods do not apply fertilizer.
6, the enforcement of test:
April 9, select smooth, that soil is homogeneous plot as experimental field, apply fertilizer to the subsoil by test design subregion, deep ploughing turn over 20cm, ground of raking, suitably suppress with land presser, in order to sowing; April 10, carry out drilling sowing with plant planter, line-spacing 25cm, thickness of earth-fill cover 1-2cm, broadcast rear suppression soil moisture conservation, seed and soil are combined closely, and theoretical application rate is 1kg/ mu, actual sowing rate=theoretical application rate/rate of emergence/100; After planting carry out dropper; After clover emerges, (3-4 sheet true leaf) every mu sprays 100g (with the dilution of 30kg water) lucerne grass carries out weed control only.If there is serious sick worm Weed infestation, then take appropriate measures and prevented and treated, and make a record.Fertilising is carried out in strict accordance with above-mentioned requirements, does not carry out any other fertilizing management in addition.
7, Test Data Collecting:
7.1 growth indexes measure
After clover emerges, every 15 days, measure the height (fixed observer measures with ruler) of plant, the plant height result recorded as shown in Figure 1.
7.2 determinations of yield and plant tissue sample collection
When clover is in initial bloom stage (when alfalfa plants of blooming accounts for 10% of total plant number), employing diagonally opposing corner three point selection method selects three representative sampling points, and in the sample prescription frame of 1m × 1m, flush with ground cradles, and measure fresh weight, measurement result is in table 7, select about 300-400 strain alfalfa plants again, hanging, intercept from canopy top downward 15cm stainless steel scissors, bottom branch is abandoned, mark the alfalfa plants sample intercepted in each sample prescription respectively, be placed in laboratory distilled water flushing and fall surface irregularities, with thieving paper (filter paper) suck dry moisture, put into baking oven to dry to constant weight (48 hours) with 65 DEG C, Beijing agricultural and forest science institute plant nutrition and centralab of the Study on Resources institute is sent to detect, testing index comprises full nitrogen N (Kjeldahl determination), full phosphorus P (adopting the yellow colorimetric method for determining of vanadium molybdenum), full potassium K (employing flame spectrophotometric determination), calcium Ca, magnesium Mg, sulphur S, iron Fe, manganese Mn, copper Cu, zinc Zn is (after adopting nitric acid-perchloric acid degestion, Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometric Determination), boron is (after dry ashing method, with plasma emlssion spectrometry), the content of the necessary element of 12 kinds of life such as molybdenum Mo (sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption light emission luminosity method mensuration) and crude protein content CP (Kjeldahl method), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and TDN (TDN), measurement result is in table 5, table 6 and table 7.
Table 5 alfalfa plant nutritive ingredient
As shown in table 5, with reference to the diagnosis of plant nutrition grade scale of " meadow soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technical regulation alfalfa " industry standard, known, after using the clover of the application organic composite fertilizer dedicated, in plant, macroelement is all in substantially enough and enough standard ranges with trace element, meet the demand of clover to nutritive element, reach equilibrium state.
Table 6 alfalfa quality measurement result
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | CK1 | CK2 | CK3 | |
| CP％ | 25.6 | 20.4 | 21.6 | 10.9 | 21.3 | 17.9 | 18.4 | 19.7 |
| ADF％ | 26.7 | 30 | 27 | 27.6 | 25.6 | 30.1 | 31.5 | 30 |
| NDF％ | 28 | 31 | 32 | 30 | 35 | 41 | 45 | 53 |
| TDN％ | 72 | 69 | 67 | 67 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 65 |
Clover nutrition measuration result as shown in table 6, with reference to " U.S.'s leguminous forage Hay quality standard ", use the clover of the application organic composite fertilizer dedicated, crude protein (CP) content is all more than 20%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) is less than 30%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is less than 40%, TDN (TDN) is greater than 65%, all reach superfine clover level, on the one hand because organic composite fertilizer contains nutritive ingredient needed for clover, the in-house nutrition of alfalfa plants is made all to reach equilibrium state, on the other hand, the application gathers in the crops at the initial bloom stage that alfalfa growing is vigorous, protein content now in plant is high, cauline leaf ratio is little, content of cellulose is low, degree of lignification is low, and when cradling results, the loss of blade is less, ensure that the quality of clover.
Table 7 alfalfa output index determining result
As shown in table 1, use the output that the organic composite fertilizer dedicated output of clover of the present invention is all greater than control group.
Feature of the present invention is: the present invention is based on and investigate the alfalfa plants of each clover main producing region of China and soil, after analysis, find the situation that China's clover ubiquity molybdenum element lacks, for the undernutrition conditions of China clover field undernutrition conditions and clover crop, with chicken manure and edible fungi residues for organic carrier, add root nodule bacterium and arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum, coordinate the nitrogen in inorganic mineral fertilizer again, phosphorus, potassium and medium trace element, long-lasting by fertilizer, the physiological regulation function of microorganism uniqueness and the high efficiency of mineral substance fertilizer combine, make clover organic composite fertilizer dedicated, this fertilizer improves its utilization ratio while reducing fertilizer amount, the yield and quality of clover, there is equilibrium nutrition is provided, culture fertility, strengthen the effect of the resistance of clover, especially in fertilizer, with the addition of molybdenum element fertilizer, promote the nitrogen metabolism of clover crop, the crude protein content of clover is improved, crude fiber content reduces, thus raising alfalfa quality.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; the change done under other any does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and principle, modification, substitute, combine, simplify the substitute mode that all should be equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a clover is organic composite fertilizer dedicated, it is characterized in that, comprising:
With organic fertilizer prepared by edible fungi residues and chicken manure;
With the inorganic mineral fertilizer that the macroelement fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the trace element fertilizer containing zinc, boron, molybdenum, manganese are mixed with; And,
For improving the microbiobacterial agent of clover nitrogen fixing capacity and Root Absorption ability.
2. fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the weight of described organic fertilizer, inorganic mineral fertilizer and microbiobacterial agent is:
Organic fertilizer 65-85 part;
Inorganic mineral fertilizer 14.9-34.91 part;
Microbiobacterial agent 0.09-0.1 part.
3. fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described macroelement fertilizer, the weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element is:
4. fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in described trace element fertilizer, the weight of zinc element, boron, molybdenum element and manganese element is:
5. fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the described microbiobacterial agent for improving clover nitrogen fixing capacity and Root Absorption ability comprises nitragin (R. meliloti) and arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum (arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi), and its weight is:
Nitragin 4-6 part;
Arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum 4-6 part.
6. fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described microbiobacterial agent is activated after rehydration.
7. fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described organic fertilizer is made by high temperature slot type aerobic fermentation.
8. fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the weight proportion of the edible fungi residues and chicken manure of preparing described organic fertilizer is 1 ~ 4:6 ~ 9.
9. the preparation method that clover is organic composite fertilizer dedicated, is characterized in that, comprises the step that following order is carried out:
Carry out high temperature slot type aerobic fermentation after being mixed with chicken manure by described edible fungi residues, obtain organic fertilizer;
By the macroelement fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the trace element fertilizer mix and blend containing zinc, boron, molybdenum, manganese, obtained inorganic mineral fertilizer;
In described organic fertilizer, add inorganic mineral fertilizer, after fully stirring, carry out pulverizing, granulating, obtain granular organic-inorganic compound fertilizer;
The described microbiobacterial agent being used for improving clover nitrogen fixing capacity and Root Absorption ability is sprayed onto in the mode of spraying the described organic-inorganic compound fertilizer particle surface being in room temperature state, and obtained clover is organic composite fertilizer dedicated.
10. preparation method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, the weight proportion of described edible fungi residues and chicken manure is 1 ~ 4:6 ~ 9; The weight of described organic fertilizer, inorganic mineral fertilizer and microbiobacterial agent is: organic fertilizer 65-85 part; Inorganic mineral fertilizer 14.9-34.91 part; Microbiobacterial agent 0.09-0.1 part;
Wherein, the weight of described nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and described microorganism element fertilizer is: nitrogen 3-5 part; Phosphorus 11-13 part; Potassium 6-8 part; Trace element 1.5-2.3 part;
Wherein, described trace element fertilizer is the fertilizer containing zinc element, boron, molybdenum element and manganese element, and its weight is: zinc 7-11 part; Boron 0.7-1.1 part; Molybdenum 0.08-0.12 part; Manganese 7-11 part;
Wherein, the nitragin (R.meliloti) of described microbiobacterial agent and the weight of arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum (arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi) are: nitragin 4-6 part; Arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum 4-6 part.
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