CN104543567A - Pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed - Google Patents
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture and particularly relates to a pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed. The pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: fish meal, meat and bone meal, rapeseed meal, soybean meal, corn protein powder, corns, flour, 3-5 parts of fish oil, table salt, a multi-vitamin premix, a multi-mineral premix, an immunity reinforcing agent, a liver protection agent, choline, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and surfactin. According to the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, the problems that fish fatty livers of pelteobagrus fulvidraco and water body eutrophication, caused by high-protein and high-fat feeds, are solved under an industrialized high-density culture condition. The pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is prepared according to a reasonable formula, and surfactin is perfectly matched with other components in the feed; the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed has the matter properties of high efficiency, low cost and low pollution; and the feed utilization rate and the health culture level are improved, the resistance capability of epidemic diseases is enhanced, and the medicine use amount in a culture process is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, be specifically related to a kind of yellow-head catfish feed.
Background technology
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), be under the jurisdiction of SILURIFORMES (Siluriformes), Chang section (Bagridae), Pelteobagrus (Pelteobagrus Bleeker), is widely distributed in each Pacific Ocean, Eastern China water system, is small-sized famous-brand and high-quality freshwater fish, there is high protein, low-fat nutritional characteristic, delicious flavour, fine and tender taste, to sting without between flesh, deeply like that by consumer there is higher economic worth.Country has huge market in Japan, Korea S, Southeast Asia etc., is one of improved seeds of foreign exchange earning.Along with the increase of domestic and international demand, wild Pelteobagrus fulvidraco output far can not satisfy the demands of consumers, therefore Culture of Pelteobagrus Fulvidraco scale constantly expands in recent years, be one of emphasis kind of period Regional Distribution of Superior Agriculture Products of China " 12 " planning, economic outlook is had an optimistic view of.
Energy is most important nutrition, is the basis of all nutrition, and in feed formula, energy the most easily lacks with the most unheeded.In recent years, due to the development of industry fishery, aquaculture pattern is increasingly intensive, batch production, and for pursuing growth result faster, protein and the energy level of feed request are more and more higher.And the effective ways improving Dietary ME are generally by adding exogenous grease.In addition, because the primary raw material such as corn and dregs of beans price rises steadily, the teachers that fill a prescription have to strengthen the use amount of the assorted dregs of rice and unconventional raw material, and the energy level of these raw materials is not high, add grease and strengthen use amount to improve fodder energy level, getting more and more and be applied to feed formula.Secondly, the price of vegetative grease also improves constantly, and the miscella that relative price is lower just becomes the raw material that feed factory mainly uses.Miscella comparison of ingredients is complicated, and all contains a large amount of saturated fatty acids, and carbochain is longer, fusing point is high, not easily form tiny emulsified oil droplet, digestibility is lower, causes the metabolism of fish liver excess load, have a strong impact on the secretion of bile, cause feed fat to digest and assimilate efficiency poor; On the other hand, energy conversion efficiency is low, causes significant quantities of fat to be deposited on liver, form fatty liver, affect health and the resistance against diseases of aquatic livestock, cause dosage and frequency in breeding process to increase, part disease even adopts antibiotic to treat, and adds the risk of Safety of Aquatic Products undoubtedly.And unabsorbed fat mostly excretes with ight soil, reduce the feed conversion rate of aquatic feeds, cause the pollution of aquaculture system and environment.Therefore, how to improve the absorptivity of grease, become one of aquatic animal nutrition researcher problem demanding prompt solution, the application of feed emulsifier is more and more paid attention to.
Present stage, the emulsifier production on feed industry mainly contained: phospholipid, fatty acid ester, glycoside esters and bile acid salt emulsifying agent.Phosphatide emulsifier main component comprises lecithin, modified phospholipid etc., and be one of feeding emulsifying agent kind of Application and Development the earliest, belong to amphoteric ion type emulsifying agent, their emulsifying capacity and the stability of emulsion system are all not so good as the emulsifying agent of nonionic.The emulsifiability of glycoside esters emulsifying agent and trophic function are all more satisfactory, and solve common conventional emulsifier emulsification system unstable, easy breakdown of emulsion forms the problem of oil reservoir again, is also all in developing stage at home and abroad, though product has seldom, need to be developed.Bile salt belongs to anionic emulsifier, multiplex bile acid salt emulsifying agent in present aquatic products, and it, as the naturally occurring emulsifying agent of animal's liver secretion, can become chylomicron by entering gastral grease emulsifying.Whether bile acid salt emulsifying agent can cause the secretion of animal's liver feedback inhibition bile after entering animal alimentary canal, be worthy of consideration.Therefore, studying a kind of efficient, aquatic feeds of environmental protection and the emulsifying agent of cooperation has positive meaning to fatty,fiss liver and body eutrophication phenomenon under solution batch production high-density aquiculture pattern, is that aquatic animal nutrition studies one of important development trend.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: the yellow-head catfish feed providing a kind of efficient, environmental protection containing efficient emulsifying agent.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: provide a kind of yellow-head catfish feed, the raw material comprising following weight portion is prepared from: fish meal 30-35 part, meat meal tankage 4-5 part, rapeseed dregs 4-5 part, dregs of beans 19-23 part, corn protein powder 13-15 part, corn 5-7 part, flour 13-15 part, fish oil 3-5 part, salt 0.3-0.5 part, multidimensional premix 1-3 part, many ore deposits premix 1-3 part, immunopotentiator 0.1 part, liver protectant 0.2 part, 0.2 part, choline, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2 parts, surfactin 1-5 part.
Preferably, the raw material that above-mentioned yellow-head catfish feed comprises following weight portion is prepared from: fish meal 30 parts, meat meal tankage 4.8 parts, rapeseed dregs 4.8 parts, dregs of beans 19.2 parts, corn protein powder 14.4 parts, corn 6.7 parts, 14.4 parts, flour, 3 parts, fish oil, salt 0.3 part, multidimensional premix 1 part, many ore deposits premix 1 part, immunopotentiator 0.1 part, liver protectant 0.2 part, 0.2 part, choline, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2 parts, surfactin 5 parts.
Preferably, in above-mentioned yellow-head catfish feed, described surfactin is the extract that marine microorganism fermentation of bacillus is cultivated, and the culture medium of described fermented and cultured is glucose 13g/L, YE 5g/L, MgSO
45g/L, cultivation temperature is: 29-30 DEG C, initial pH6.0-7.0, inoculum concentration 2 parts, fermentation time 12h, fermented and cultured afterproduct is through 3000rpm centrifugal segregation thalline, adjust supernatant pH to 2.0,8000rpm is centrifugal, collecting precipitation thing, is suspended in by sediment in the separatory funnel containing carrene, even concussion leaves standstill and makes layering, extraction organic layer, then with reduced pressure concentration machine, organic solvent is volatilized, the yellow mercury oxide of generation is surfactin.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: yellow-head catfish feed of the present invention, by analyzing the change of the lipid metabolism indexs such as the coefficient of condition of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fish body, abdominal fat, liver fat rate, muscle and liver fat acid composition, Triglycerides in Serum, cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, studies surfactin to the impact of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco lipid metabolism.Have developed a kind of yellow-head catfish feed containing surfactin, under solving batch production high-density breeding condition, the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fatty,fiss liver that high protein, high fat diet cause and the problem of body eutrophication, its formula rationally, surfactin and other components in feed perfectly arrange in pairs or groups together with, gained yellow-head catfish feed has efficiently, low cost, oligosaprobic substance characteristics, improve the level of efficiency of feed utilization and healthy aquaculture, strengthen the resistivity to epidemic disease, reduce breeding process dosage.
Detailed description of the invention
By describing technology contents of the present invention in detail, being realized object and effect, be explained below in conjunction with embodiment.
The design of most critical of the present invention is: surfactin is by marine microorganism after solid fermentation, secretes to outside born of the same parents, the little peptide product that separation and purification obtains.It is safe, nontoxic, biodegradable, digestion, both can not remain in animal body, also can not remain in breeding environment, it is a kind of efficient, healthy emulsifying additive, surfactin is used for yellow-head catfish feed and reasonably combined with other component of yellow-head catfish feed by the present invention, solves the problem of high protein under batch production high-density breeding condition, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fatty,fiss liver that high fat diet causes and body eutrophication.
Embodiment one
A kind of yellow-head catfish feed, the raw material comprising following weight portion is prepared from: fish meal 30 parts, meat meal tankage 4 parts, rapeseed dregs 4 parts, dregs of beans 19 parts, corn protein powder 13 parts, corn 5 parts, 13 parts, flour, 3 parts, fish oil, salt 0.3 part, multidimensional premix 1 part, many ore deposits premix 1 part, immunopotentiator 0.1 part, liver protectant 0.2 part, 0.2 part, choline, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2 parts, surfactin 5 parts.
Embodiment two
A kind of yellow-head catfish feed, the raw material comprising following weight portion is prepared from: fish meal 35 parts, meat meal tankage 5 parts, rapeseed dregs 5 parts, dregs of beans 23 parts, corn protein powder 15 parts, corn 7 parts, 15 parts, flour, 5 parts, fish oil, salt 0.5 part, multidimensional premix 3 parts, many ore deposits premix 3 parts, immunopotentiator 0.1 part, liver protectant 0.2 part, 0.2 part, choline, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2 parts, surfactin 5 parts.
Embodiment three
A kind of yellow-head catfish feed, is prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion: fish meal 30 parts, meat meal tankage 4.8 parts, rapeseed dregs 4.8 parts, dregs of beans 19.2 parts, corn protein powder 14.4 parts, corn 6.7 parts, 14.4 parts, flour, 3 parts, fish oil, salt 0.3 part, multidimensional premix 1 part, many ore deposits premix 1 part, immunopotentiator 0.1 part, liver protectant 0.2 part, 0.2 part, choline, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2 parts and surfactin5 part.
Embodiment four
A kind of yellow-head catfish feed, is prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion: fish meal 30 parts, meat meal tankage 4.8 parts, rapeseed dregs 4.8 parts, dregs of beans 19.2 parts, corn protein powder 14.4 parts, corn 6.7 parts, 14.4 parts, flour, 3 parts, fish oil, salt 0.3 part, multidimensional premix 1 part, many ore deposits premix 1 part, immunopotentiator 0.1 part, liver protectant (Hong Taimu source, Beijing) 0.2 part, 0.2 part, choline, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2 parts and surfactin1-5 part.
Surfactin: it is marine microorganism bacillus fermented and cultured extract under the following conditions, culture medium: glucose 13g/L, YE 5g/L, MgSO
45g/L, condition of culture 29-30 DEG C, initial pH6.0-7.0, inoculum concentration 2 parts, fermentation time 12h).Fermentation afterproduct is through 3000rpm centrifugal segregation thalline, adjust supernatant pH to 2.0,8000rpm is centrifugal, collecting precipitation thing, be suspended in by sediment in the separatory funnel containing carrene (dichloromethane), evenly concussion leaves standstill and makes layering, extraction organic layer, volatilized by organic solvent with reduced pressure concentration machine, the yellow mercury oxide of generation is surfactin again.Above-mentioned marine microorganism bacillus can be: application number is the bacillus subtilis bacterial strain E8 in the Chinese invention patent " Preparation method and use of novel lipopeptide biosurfactant SURFACTIN " of 200710019676.5.
The premix of many ore deposits is that the raw material of following weight portion is prepared from: MnSO
489 parts, NaCl 3000 parts, ZnSO
4150 parts, FeSO
465 parts, CuSO
428 parts, KI 11 parts.
Multidimensional premix is that the raw material of following weight portion is prepared from: VE 100 parts, VK 1 part, VC 270 parts, VB12 part, VB27 part, VB66 part, VB121 part, D-VB5 calcium 32 parts, 25 parts, nicotinic acid, biotin 1 part, 7.5 parts, folic acid, inositol 440 parts, and wherein every kg yellow-head catfish feed provides VA 84000IU, VD 2400IU.
By the formula of embodiment four yellow-head catfish feed, throw something and feed the surfactin adding each ratio feed after, yellow catfish growing performance indications are as shown in table 1 (adding Philippine's eel feed of the surfactin of corresponding weight portion by the yellow-head catfish feed formula of embodiment four).
Table 1
As shown in Table 1, the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco rate of body weight gain adding surfactin group is all significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), feed coefficient is significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05), the rate of body weight gain of 10 parts of interpolation groups is significantly higher than 2.5 parts and 5 parts of interpolation groups (P < 0.05), feed coefficient is significantly lower than 2.5 parts and 5 parts of interpolation groups (P < 0.05), and the rate of body weight gain of 2.5 parts and 5 parts interpolation groups and feed coefficient are without significant difference (P > 0.05).
By the formula of embodiment four yellow-head catfish feed, after the feed of the surfactin adding each ratio that throws something and feeds, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco digestive ferment index is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
As shown in Table 2, the lipase and the proteinase activity that add surfactin group are significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), between each interpolation group, lipase active is without significant difference (P > 0.05), 10 parts are added histone enzymatic activity and are significantly higher than 2.5 parts and 5 parts of interpolation groups (P < 0.05), and 2.5 parts and 5 parts are added histone enzymatic activity without significant difference (P > 0.05); Between each test group, amylase activity is without significant difference (P > 0.05).
Possibility mechanism: antibacterial peptide matters improve activities of digestive enzymes in fish mechanism may with its to gastral facilitation of growing and the broad spectrum antibiotic activity had relevant, research shows, antibacterial Toplink promotes the growth of enteron aisle, increase gut maturation cell quantity and villi height, and gut maturation cell quantity becomes positive correlation with Activity of Digestive Enzymes in Intestine, the increase of gut maturation cell can improve digestive enzyme activity; And antibacterial peptide has broad spectrum antibiotic activity, can promote that intestinal beneficial flora is bred, suppress the propagation of pernicious bacteria, the balance of regulating intestinal canal flora, improves Activity of Digestive Enzymes in Intestine indirectly.
In sum, the yellow-head catfish feed containing surfactin provided by the invention, under solving batch production high-density breeding condition, the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fatty,fiss liver that high protein, high fat diet cause and the problem of body eutrophication.The formula of yellow-head catfish feed of the present invention is reasonable, surfactin and other components in feed perfectly arrange in pairs or groups together with, gained yellow-head catfish feed has efficiently, low cost, oligosaprobic substance characteristics, improve the level of efficiency of feed utilization and healthy aquaculture, strengthen the resistivity to epidemic disease, reduce breeding process dosage.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every equivalents utilizing description of the present invention to do, or be directly or indirectly used in relevant technical field, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a yellow-head catfish feed, is characterized in that, the raw material comprising following weight portion is prepared from: fish meal 30-35 part, meat meal tankage 4-5 part, rapeseed dregs 4-5 part, dregs of beans 19-23 part, corn protein powder 13-15 part, corn 5-7 part, flour 13-15 part, fish oil 3-5 part, salt 0.3-0.5 part, multidimensional premix 1-3 part, many ore deposits premix 1-3 part, immunopotentiator 0.1 part, liver protectant 0.2 part, 0.2 part, choline, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2 parts, surfactin 1-5 part.
2. yellow-head catfish feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the raw material comprising following weight portion is prepared from: fish meal 30 parts, meat meal tankage 4.8 parts, rapeseed dregs 4.8 parts, dregs of beans 19.2 parts, corn protein powder 14.4 parts, corn 6.7 parts, 14.4 parts, flour, 3 parts, fish oil, salt 0.3 part, multidimensional premix 1 part, many ore deposits premix 1 part, immunopotentiator 0.1 part, liver protectant 0.2 part, 0.2 part, choline, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2 parts, surfactin 5 parts.
3. yellow-head catfish feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described surfactin is the extract that marine microorganism fermentation of bacillus is cultivated, and the culture medium of described fermented and cultured is glucose 13g/L, YE 5g/L, MgSO
45g/L, cultivation temperature is: 29-30 DEG C, initial pH6.0-7.0, inoculum concentration 2 parts, fermentation time 12h, fermented and cultured afterproduct is through 3000rpm centrifugal segregation thalline, adjust supernatant pH to 2.0,8000rpm is centrifugal, collecting precipitation thing, is suspended in by sediment in the separatory funnel containing carrene, even concussion leaves standstill and makes layering, extraction organic layer, then with reduced pressure concentration machine, organic solvent is volatilized, the yellow mercury oxide of generation is surfactin.
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| CN104872034A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-09-02 | 李春燕 | Method for breeding high-yield pelteobagrus fulvidraco |
| CN104872035A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-09-02 | 李春燕 | Method for breeding high-yield silver carps |
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| CN107372226A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-24 | 广西桂平市蒙圩镇柱强种养专业合作社 | A kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco high-density breeding method |
| CN110495530A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-26 | 中山大学 | A kind of snakehead young stage buoyancy feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107372226A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-24 | 广西桂平市蒙圩镇柱强种养专业合作社 | A kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco high-density breeding method |
| CN110495530A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-26 | 中山大学 | A kind of snakehead young stage buoyancy feed and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20150429 |