CN104541067A - 脉冲控制型线性致动器 - Google Patents

脉冲控制型线性致动器 Download PDF

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CN104541067A
CN104541067A CN201380038478.7A CN201380038478A CN104541067A CN 104541067 A CN104541067 A CN 104541067A CN 201380038478 A CN201380038478 A CN 201380038478A CN 104541067 A CN104541067 A CN 104541067A
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iron core
solenoid
piston
working cylinder
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CN104541067B (zh
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丹尼尔·亚历山大·瓦马拉
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B7/00—Systems in which the movement produced is definitely related to the output of a volumetric pump; Telemotors
    • F15B7/06—Details
    • F15B7/08—Input units; Master units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
    • F04B17/04—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors using solenoids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
    • F04B17/04—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors using solenoids
    • F04B17/042—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors using solenoids the solenoid motor being separated from the fluid flow
    • F04B17/044—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors using solenoids the solenoid motor being separated from the fluid flow using solenoids directly actuating the piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F04B35/045—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric using solenoids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B7/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving
    • F04B7/0076—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving the members being actuated by electro-magnetic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/08—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with only one servomotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/18—Combined units comprising both motor and pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
    • F04B2203/04—Motor parameters of linear electric motors
    • F04B2203/0403—Magnetic flux
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20561—Type of pump reversible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20576—Systems with pumps with multiple pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/3056—Assemblies of multiple valves
    • F15B2211/30565—Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve
    • F15B2211/3057—Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve having two valves, one for each port of a double-acting output member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/32—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/327—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation electrically or electronically
    • F15B2211/328—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation electrically or electronically with signal modulation, e.g. pulse width modulation [PWM]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

一种脉冲控制型线性致动器，其包括：工作气缸(9)，所述工作气缸(9)用于接收由压缩机/泵引导通过阀门***的介质；以及，活塞，所述活塞的活塞柄(13)是所述致动器的输出。所述脉冲控制型线性致动器还包括中心螺线管(1)和交替移动的铁芯(3)。所述中心螺线管(1)和所述铁芯(3)设置在上下螺线管(2)之间。所述铁芯(3)具有两个单独的介质空间(14、15)。所述第一介质空间(14)通往所述工作气缸(9)的位于所述活塞(10)上方和所述活塞(10)下方的部分。所述第二介质空间(15)通过所述铁芯(3)与位于所述铁芯(3)之间的空间分开，并且通往所述工作气缸(9)的位于所述活塞(10)上方和所述活塞(10)下方的部分。阀门(4、8)为反相或相位脉冲控制型。

Description

脉冲控制型线性致动器
本发明涉及一种包括用于接收由压缩机/泵引导通过阀门***的介质的工作气缸的脉冲控制型线性致动器，在工作气缸中，活塞安装为自由移动，并且活塞柄是致动器的输出。
已知有按照预定方向传递运动的致动器。专利申请HU226838描述了一种适用于安装小型致动器实现若干不同用途的方案。然而，需要该类相似的致动器，这类致动器可以在具有适当紧凑结构的同时确保长运行距离。
本发明的目的在于提供一种根据以上描述的紧凑型线性致动器。
利用本发明的方案，提供了如序言中所描述的线性致动器，该线性致动器进一步包括中心螺线管和至少位于中心螺线管上方和下方的上下铁芯，上下铁芯成对设置，上下铁芯借由中心螺线管并且借由成对设置的上下螺线管交替移动。中心螺线管和铁芯设置在上下螺线管之间，铁芯形成具有两个单独的介质空间的压缩机/泵，第一介质空间从位于上下铁芯之间的空间被引导通过上受控双入口阀门的第一入口进入工作气缸的位于活塞上方的部分，此外，还被引导通过下受控双入口阀门的第一入口进入工作气缸的位于活塞下方的部分；第二介质空间通过铁芯与位于上下铁芯之间的空间分开，并且被引导通过上受控双入口阀门的第二入口进入工作气缸的位于活塞上方的部分，此外，还被引导通过下受控双入口阀门的第二入口进入工作气缸的位于活塞下方的部分；以及，上下受控阀门是反相或相位脉冲控制型。
下面将结合附图对本发明进行描述，在图中：
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的框图；以及
图2示出了阀门的等同布置。
在参考图1的实施例中，中心螺线管1和一对螺线管2(即，上下螺线管2)绕着一对铁芯3设置。即，绕着中心螺线管1，上下铁芯3至少位于中心螺线管1的上方和下方，成对设置。这些铁芯借由中心螺线管1和上下螺线管2交替移动。中心螺线管1和铁芯3设置在上下螺线管2之间。铁芯3形成具有两个单独的介质空间14的压缩机/泵。第一介质空间1从位于上下铁芯3之间的空间被引导通过上受控双入口阀门4的第一入口4a进入工作气缸9的位于设有活塞柄13的活塞10上方的部分中，此外，还被引导通过下受控双入口阀门8的第一入口8a进入工作气缸9的位于活塞10下方的部分中。第二介质空间15通过铁芯3与位于上下铁芯3之间的空间分开，并且被引导通过上受控双入口阀门4的第二入口4b进入工作气缸9的位于活塞10上方的部分中，此外，还被引导通过下受控双入口阀门8的第二入口8b进入工作气缸9的位于活塞10下方的部分中。上下受控阀门4、8是反相或相位脉冲控制型。
根据图1，介质空间14、15由导管6、管件7以及一对导管12形成。然而，其他配置也是可行的。可以按照任何其他几何形成来实现介质空间14、15。
在图1的示例中，当施力时，管件7各自的端部通过第一入口4a、8a连接至阀门4、8。
在初始状态下，由于阀门4、8的位置，介质空间14的下端相对于管件7关闭，而上端在工作气缸9的方向上打开。
在初始状态下，由于阀门4、8的位置，介质空间15的下端相对于导管12打开，而上端在工作气缸9的方向上关闭。
铁芯3处在离中心螺线管1最远的位置处。
所有螺线管关断。
第一步：PWM脉冲驱动螺线管1和螺线管5。
由于中心螺线管1的PWM脉冲的作用，铁芯3朝着螺线管1移动。在该移动期间，由于螺线管5的PWM脉冲，阀门4、8保持在应处位置。
随后，驱动介质流过导管6进入管件7中。流体从上阀门4流入工作气缸9中并且向下施力在工作气缸9中的活塞10上，该力与施加在铁芯3上的力成正比，从而使活塞10向下移动。
活塞10的移动使介质也向下移动。介质流入阀门8中，阀门8的底部相对于介质空间15打开而顶部关闭。然后，介质朝着介质空间15自由流入通往铁芯3的扩展空间的这对导管12中。然后，铁芯3移动离开处于断开状态下的螺线管2。
这样，介质空间14关闭，并且移动继续直到铁芯3到达中心螺线管1为止。
然后，中心螺线管1的PWM脉冲结束，并且螺线管2接通。此时，螺线管5断开从而使阀门4的第二入口4b打开，并且阀门8的第二入口8b关闭。由此，铁芯3朝着螺线管2移动。
结果，驱动介质流入这对导管12中。导管12的端部通往各自的处于上述状态下的阀门4、8。流体从上阀门4流入工作气缸9中并且向下施力在活塞10上，该力与施加在铁芯3上的力成正比，从而使活塞10向下移动。活塞10的移动使介质也向下移动。介质流入阀门8中，阀门8的底部在管件7的方向上打开而顶部关闭。介质从阀门8处朝着管件7自由流动，然后流入导管6中，介质通过导管6最终进入铁芯3的扩展空间中。然后，铁芯3移动离开处于断开状态下的中心螺线管1。这样，介质空间15关闭，并且移动继续直到铁芯3到达这对螺线管2为止。然后，断开这对螺线管2的PWM脉冲。再次接通这对螺线管5。由此，阀门8的第二入口8b侧打开，而阀门4的第二入口4b侧关闭。这样，恢复到初始状态。在初始状态下，由于阀门4、8的位置，介质空间14的下端关闭，而上端在工作气缸9的方向上相对于管件7打开。
在替代实施例中，介质可以是液体，例如，油、水等。在其他实施例中，可以使用气态介质，例如，空气、氮气等。也可以使用铁磁流体作为介质。
如果相对的磁铁元件(螺线管2)为有源的(电磁的)或者铁芯3是电磁的或永久磁铁，那么中心螺线管1的材料可以是硬(永久)磁铁。进一步地，中心螺线管1可以具有弹簧或气弹簧机构。
该相同设计也适用于螺线管2。
在本发明的说明书中，从广义上使用术语“铁芯3”，它们可以实现为含有铁磁流体的元件。铁芯3可体现为由膜片包围的铁磁流体。该膜片例如可以由塑料制成。
图2示出了从两个串联耦合的单入口阀门16、17生产根据阀门4、8的受控双入口阀门的示例。入口A和B确保了在出口C处的等同操作。按照相同的方式对单入口阀门16、17进行控制。
活塞柄13和工作气缸9可以是弯曲的或同心的，在这种情况下，可以确保旋转运动。

Claims (7)

1.一种脉冲控制型线性致动器，其包括：工作气缸，所述工作气缸用于接收由压缩机/泵引导通过阀门***的介质；以及，活塞，所述活塞在所述工作气缸中自由移动，所述活塞的活塞柄是所述致动器的输出，其特征在于，所述致动器进一步包括中心螺线管(1)和至少位于所述中心螺线管(1)上方和下方的上下铁芯(3)，所述上下铁芯(3)成对设置，所述上下铁芯(3)借由所述中心螺线管(1)并且借由成对设置的上下螺线管(2)交替移动，所述中心螺线管(1)和所述铁芯(3)设置在所述上下螺线管(2)之间，所述铁芯(3)形成具有两个单独的介质空间(14、15)的压缩机/泵，所述第一介质空间(14)从位于所述上下铁芯(3)之间的空间被引导通过上受控双入口阀门(4)的第一入口(4a)进入所述工作气缸(9)的位于所述活塞(10)上方的部分中，此外，还被引导通过下受控双入口阀门(8)的第一入口(8a)进入所述工作气缸(9)的位于所述活塞(10)下方的部分中；第二介质空间(15)通过所述铁芯(3)与位于所述上下铁芯(3)之间的空间分开，并且被引导通过所述上受控双入口阀门(4)的第二入口(4b)进入所述工作气缸(9)的位于所述活塞(10)上方的部分中，此外，还被引导通过所述下受控双入口阀门(8)的第二入口(8b)进入所述工作气缸(9)的位于所述活塞(10)下方的部分中；以及，所述上下受控阀门(4、8)是反相或相位脉冲控制型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的致动器，其特征在于，所述介质为液体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的致动器，其特征在于，所述介质为气体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的致动器，其特征在于，所述上下受控阀门(4、8)还设有由所述上下螺线管(2、5)交替移动的铁芯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的致动器，其特征在于，其包括多个压缩机/泵块，各个块均具有至少一个中心螺线管(1)、一对铁芯(3)和一对螺线管(2)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的致动器，其特征在于，所述铁芯(3)由被膜片包围的铁磁流体介质形成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的致动器，其特征在于，所述双入口阀门(4、8)由两个串联耦合的单入口阀门(16、17)形成。
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