CN104525716A - Cold punched die and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Cold punched die and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104525716A
CN104525716A CN201410658779.6A CN201410658779A CN104525716A CN 104525716 A CN104525716 A CN 104525716A CN 201410658779 A CN201410658779 A CN 201410658779A CN 104525716 A CN104525716 A CN 104525716A
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cold
tic
die
punching mold
punching
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CN201410658779.6A
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CN104525716B (en
Inventor
许云华
赵娜娜
梁淑华
钟黎声
燕映霖
叶芳霞
任冰
邹军涛
肖鹏
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Xian University of Technology
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Xian University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/01—Selection of materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/20—Making tools by operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

Abstract

The invention aims at providing a cold punched die. The surface of a station punched position of the die is provided with carbide coatings, and a manufacturing method for obtaining the cold punched die is provided. According to the cold punched die, the upper surface and the lower surface of the station punched position are provided with the carbide coatings; a pseudo-single crystal TiC compact ceramic layer, a micrometer TiC ceramic layer and a composite layer of the TiC and a base body are sequentially distributed in a gradient manner from outside to inside, and are exerted on the surface of carbon steel. Through the base body and a titanium composite body which are obtained through casting, an outer carbon source is introduced externally, heating and heat preservation are carried out, and therefore a carbide coating is formed on the surface of the base body; the carbide coating is in metallurgical bonding with the base body, and the bonding force is large; the problem that existing hard particles and the metal base body are bonded in a non-metallurgical manner, the bonding force is weak, and the particles are prone to falling off is solved; and the wear-resisting performance of the station punched surface of the cold punched die is greatly improved.

Description

Cold-punching mold and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to and a kind of there is cold-punching mold of wear resistant carbide coating and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to a kind of composite cold-punching mould tool with wear resistant carbide coating and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of wear resistant carbide coating composite cold-punching mould tool being applied to steel surface and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Cold-punching mold, for mainly for the manufacture of metal or nonmetal plate being carried out to blanking, the punch of punching and die.When thin plate be placed on to carry out stamping-out between punch, die time, thin plate produces distortion in the initial period, and along with the increase of deflection, the downside surface of thin plate produces cracking because being subject to large tension.In use, along with the increase of the wear extent of die and punch, the wedge angle of its blade progressively becomes fillet, causes the tension produced on the downside of thin plate to reduce, lamella thickness direction is compressed, add the work hardening that is punched plate and distortion, be delayed the time that plate cracks, after cutting ingot, around its fracture, produce burr, along with the increase of die wear amount, the burr height of workpiece increases, and when burr height exceedes regulation requirement, mould just needs to change or reprocess.
Cold-punched die steel is when work is rushed, and because the resistance of deformation of machined material is larger, the work punching part of mould bears very large pressure, bending force, impulsive force and frictional force.Therefore, the normal abandonment reason of cold-punching mold is generally wearing and tearing.Cold-punching mold in the fabrication process, had both needed die surface or local to have higher hardness and wearability, and make inside have good toughness again, and this composite request had restricted the bottleneck problem of cold-punched die steel practical application just.Define so also corresponding the steel grade that some are suitable for doing cold-punching mold, such as, developed high abrasion, Light deformation cold-punching mold steel and high tenacity cold-punching mold steel etc.
That can select manufacture cold-punching mold at present has high-speed steel, superhard high speed or carbide alloy etc., but its combination property is limited, and high wearability and strong toughness can not get both.The overload inefficacy occurred in cold-punching mold use procedure, wear out failure and fatigue failure, can repair use after wherein only having wear out failure again.Therefore, be necessary to utilize surface engineering technology carry out surface modification to cold-punched die steel parts or process to improve its case hardness and wearability, given full play to make the Potential performance of cold-punched die steel.
The coating of carbide material uses more a kind of material present stage, it has the advantages that hardness is high, abrasion resistance properties is superior, cover with coating way wearability and the hardness that the component surface prepared by matrix material can be improved in alloy base surface, improve its service life accordingly.Wherein TiC is a kind of common coating material, and it has following advantageous features:
(1) combination property of the excellences such as density is low, intensity is high, elastic modelling quantity is high, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, anti-oxidant is possessed;
(2) its particle is generally in spherical shape, and its lattice structure is face-centred cubic structure, has very high heat endurance and hardness;
(3) be convenient to machining, welding, forging, and process thermal deformation is little, and there is the cold and hot working performance of common steel-smelting.
Therefore, TiC coating is widely used in rushing chipless cold/hot metal machining tool, cutting tool, various mould, the anti-corrosion piece surface of antiwear heat resisting etc.
Metal current material surface coating technology has: laser cladding, self-propagating high-temperature sintering technology, PM technique, material vapor deposition technique (comprising: chemical vapour deposition (CVD) (CVD), physical vapour deposition (PVD) (PVD)) etc., but, there is the deficiencies such as production equipment requirement is harsh, production efficiency is low, anchoring strength of coating is low in these methods.
Therefore how in the surperficial coating obtaining TiC phase of cold-punching mold work punching, and select the preparation method that a kind of production equipment is simple, technological process is short, to obtain with good, the difficult drop-off of basal body binding force and the coating of mechanical property, anti-wear performance excellence is problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The defect existed for above-mentioned prior art and deficiency, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cold-punching mold, the surface at its cold punching position has a kind of wear-resistant coating, and die matrix is plain steel, this wear-resistant coating is TiC dense ceramic layers, and it has very high hardness and good wearability and fracture toughness; And further, provide a kind of preparation method for obtaining above-mentioned cold-punching mold.
Further, the present invention also provides a kind of composite cold-punching mould tool, its cutting edge of die surface has a kind of gradient composite coating, described gradient composite coating is carbide coating, it is preferably coated on cold-punching mold matrix surface, to improve wearability and the fracture toughness, particularly steel surface on its surface, and provide a kind of preparation method for obtaining above-mentioned coating.
Described cold-punching mold, has wear-resistant coating on its cutting edge of die surface.
For realizing the object of the invention, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of cold-punching mold, its cutting edge of die surface has wear-resistant coating, this wear-resistant coating comprises TiC dense ceramic layers, TiC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the tissue that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
More preferably, along TiC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70-200 μm, and be preferably 100-200 μm, preferably, wherein the volume fraction of TiC is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 90%; Preferably, TiC crystallite dimension is 8-50 μm, is preferably 10-50 μm.
The present invention also provides a kind of cold-punching mold, and its cutting edge of die surface has gradient composite coating, and described gradient composite coating is carbide coating, comprises the fused layer of the TiC dense ceramic layers of distribution gradient successively, micron TiC ceramic layer, TiC and matrix.
Preferably, TiC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the tissue that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
Preferably, along TiC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70-200 μm, is preferably 100-200 μm, is more preferably 120-200 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of TiC is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 90%.Preferably, TiC particle diameter is 8-50 μm, is preferably 10-50 μm,
Further preferably, along micron TiC ceramic layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 50-150 μm, is preferably 70-150 μm, is more preferably 80-150 μm; Preferably, wherein the volume fraction of TiC is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 90%; Preferably, TiC crystallite dimension is 5-15 μm, is preferably 6-12 μm, is more preferably 8-10 μm.
Still more preferably, along the fused layer longitudinal profile of TiC and matrix, its thickness is 50-200 μm, is preferably 100-200 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 20-80%, and being preferably 50-85%, TiC crystallite dimension is 1-10 μm, is preferably 2-8 μm.
Preferably, gradient composite coating gross thickness is 170-550 μm; Preferably at 300-550 μm.
More preferably, cold-punching mold matrix according to heat treatment mode be not all in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite one or more; Preferably, this gradient composite coating is applied in steel surface.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of cold-punching mold, its cutting edge of die surface has wear-resistant coating, comprises the steps:
1), first prepare a titanium plate, preferably, wherein the Pureness control of titanium is at 99.7-99.99%; Preferably, the THICKNESS CONTROL of described titanium plate is at 0.2-3mm; More preferably, described titanium plate is first by addition surface treatment;
2), cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern is made according to cold-punching mold die size, according to the work force-bearing situation of cold-punching mold die, the position of its key wear is cutting edge of die surface, fixes titanium plate accordingly at the edge surface of die evaporative pattern, then in titanium plate surface fixed outer carbon source; Preferably, cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics; Preferably, described external carbon source is the graphite paper of more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm, and itself and titanium plate are combined closely.
3) according to cold-punching mold die size, sand mold is made; Preferably, sand mold is made with CO2 waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand.
4), carbon steel base material is smelted for molten steel; Preferably, temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C;
5), evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern, titanium plate and carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining cold-punching mold die matrix is carbon steel, and cutting edge of die surface is the complex of carbon steel and titanium plate; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C; More preferably, the duration of pouring is that 40-50 is advisable second; Further preferably, after one minute, at hot topping, room temperature cools.
6) the cold-punching mold die complex, obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, thus form wear resistant carbide coating on cutting edge of die surface, and cold stamping die die matrix is still plain steel;
Wherein, wear resistant carbide coating is TiC dense ceramic layers.
Preferably, by rate-determining steps 6) in temperature retention time, holding temperature obtain this TiC dense ceramic layers; Preferably, TiC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of cold-punching mold, its cutting edge of die surface has gradient composite coating, comprises the steps:
1), first prepare a titanium plate, preferably, wherein the Pureness control of titanium is at 99.7-99.99%; Preferably, the THICKNESS CONTROL of described titanium plate is at 0.2-3mm; More preferably, described titanium plate is first by addition surface treatment;
2), according to cold-punching mold die size, make cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern, according to the work force-bearing situation of cold-punching mold die, the position of its key wear is cutting edge of die surface, titanium plate is fixed accordingly at the edge surface of die evaporative pattern, then in titanium plate surface fixed outer carbon source, itself and titanium plate are combined closely; Preferably, cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics;
3) according to cold-punching mold die size, sand mold is made; Preferably, sand mold is made with CO2 waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand.
4), carbon steel base material is smelted for molten steel; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C;
5), evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern, titanium plate and carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining cold-punching mold die matrix is carbon steel, and cutting edge of die surface is the complex of carbon steel and titanium plate; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C; More preferably, the duration of pouring is that 40-50 is advisable second; Further preferably, after one minute, at hot topping, room temperature cools.
6) the cold-punching mold die complex, by having cast obtained puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, thus forms Gradient Composite Layer on cutting edge of die surface, and cold-punching mold die matrix is still plain steel;
7) the cold-punching mold die complex with gradient composite coating of gained by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix.
Preferably, the THICKNESS CONTROL of titanium plate is at 0.2-3mm, if be less than 0.2mm, then titanium plate just complete reaction in cast recombination process, can not obtain TiC dense ceramic layers, directly generation Dispersed precipitate TiC particle; Then cause diffusion length to increase more than 3mm, reaction power is not enough.
Preferably, by strict rate-determining steps 6) in holding temperature and the relation of time, obtain described accurate monocrystalline phase TiC dense ceramic layers.This ceramic layer presents comparatively obvious accurate single crystal organization, and show as crystal boundary under light microscope and reduce, affect the dislocation also corresponding minimizing of fracture toughness, the sub boundary in generation increases, and effectively improves the anti-crack ability of this ceramic layer.
Preferably, by rate-determining steps 6) in temperature retention time, holding temperature obtain this gradient composite coating and carbide coating, described carbide coating comprises the fused layer of the accurate monocrystalline phase TiC dense ceramic layers of distribution gradient successively, micron TiC ceramic layer, TiC and matrix.
More preferably, holding temperature, temperature retention time and the gross thickness of gradient composite coating that finally can obtain meet following formula,
L＝kTlogt1/2+b 0
Wherein:
The gross thickness (μm) of L---gradient composite coating,
K---be constant, value is 0-1, k ≠ 0,
T---holding temperature (K),
T---temperature retention time (s),
B 0---original depth (μm), the thickness of the composite bed formed after namely molten steel is poured into a mould and between titanium plate.
To sum up, described gradient composite coating, comprise TiC dense ceramic layers, hardness is high.Described TiC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, the arrangement of atom unlike monocrystalline there is identical lattice like that, but still there is strict order, present geometry arrangement; Uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and atomic arrangement is more orderly.Accurate monocrystalline is between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, and compared to polycrystalline phase, the crystal boundary of accurate monocrystalline phase obviously reduces, and dislocation density is low, has more sub boundary, and therefore hardness has obvious lifting; And than monocrystalline phase, it requires lower to preparation method, and organize more stable.
Preferably, in step 1) in, surface-treated step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L or the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L or 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L or the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L or 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 orders or thinner Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
More preferably, step 2) in external carbon source be graphite paper; Preferably, described graphite paper is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm.
Preferably, step 6) in, be warming up to 1000-1130 DEG C of insulation, programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min, and temperature retention time is 4-12h, preferred 6-10h.
Preferably, selected plain steel is mild steel, medium carbon steel or high-carbon steel.
Preferably, protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen, and gas flow is 4-8ml/min.
Wherein, holding temperature should be strict controlled in above-mentioned scope, and temperature is higher than 1130 DEG C, and the liquid phase in course of reaction is too much, and makes accurate monocrystalline TiC, directly generates Dispersed precipitate TiC particle, and can not obtain accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers; But temperature is lower than 1000 DEG C, then the solubility of Ti is too low, and reaction cannot be carried out by forward.Same, temperature retention time also should keep a reasonably interval, time is more than 12h, accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers disappears, Reaction-diffusion terms generates the fusion of Dispersed precipitate TiC particle and matrix, and lower than 4h, then reacts the TiC of acquisition very little, coating layer thickness is difficult to ensure, best should remain on 6-10h.
More preferably, the cold-punching mold complex with carbide coating by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix; Preferably, heat-treat at about 550-800 DEG C, matrix is pearlitic structrure; Or heat-treat at 220-450 DEG C, matrix is belleville soma; Or heat-treat below 220 DEG C, matrix is martensitic structure.
Described cold-punching mold take carbon steel as matrix, and selected plain steel is mild steel, medium carbon steel and high-carbon steel, is preferably: Q275A, Q255AF, 45 steel, T12A, T8, ZG270-450 etc., sees standard GB/T 221-79.Matrix according to heat treatment mode be not all in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite one or more.
After the present invention obtains steel titanium complex by casting, introduce outer carbon source, directly can rush portion faces in the work of cold-punching mold in the mode adding thermal diffusion and form carbide coating, it is metallurgical binding between coating and cold-punching mold matrix, adhesion is very strong, and overcome non-metallurgical binding between existing hard particles and metallic matrix, adhesion is very weak, particle holds caducous problem, has increased substantially the mechanical property of coating.And the method behaviour punching is simple, and without the need to complex device, the cold-punching mold of acquisition is functional.Different heat treatment modes, makes cold-punching mold work rush surface and mould itself has different mechanical properties, meets the different performance requirement to various piece in actual production.Due to the formation of the accurate single-crystal ceramic layer of surface compact, this ceramic layer presents comparatively obvious accurate single crystal organization, shows as crystal boundary and reduces, affect the dislocation also corresponding minimizing of fracture toughness under light microscope, the sub boundary in generation increases, and effectively improves the anti-crack ability of this ceramic layer.Therefore cold-punching mold surface has higher hardness 3000-3230HV 0.05, relative wear resistance is 10-22 times of matrix.Described relative wear resistance is defined as: take matrix material as standard specimen, in identical abrasive grain, same load, after disk rotates same number of turns with same rotational speed, tested coating produces the relative wear resistance that ratio that wear extent and standard specimen produce wear extent is called coating, therefore be several times of matrix also referred to as the relative wear resistance of coating, the examination criteria of following identical parameters is identical with it.
This to be as the criterion single crystal organization due to TiC dense ceramic layers wherein, chemical stability and wearability good, there is low-friction coefficient, high rigidity, low-surface-energy and low thermal conductiv-ity.And the hardness of micron TiC ceramic layer can only reach 2000-2800HV 0.05, its relative wear resistance is 6-10 times of matrix.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be before casting outer carbon source and titanium plate at the layout drawing of cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern outer wall; ;
Fig. 2 is that after heat treatment, cold-punching mold die and each several part organize schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is as the criterion monocrystalline phase TiC dense ceramic layers micro-organization chart;
Fig. 4 is micron TiC ceramic layer micro-organization chart.
In figure, 1. graphite paper, 2. titanium plate, 3.TiC dense ceramic layers, 4. micron TiC ceramic layer, the fused layer of 5.TiC and matrix, 6. die matrix, 7. die evaporative pattern.
Detailed description of the invention
Below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein is only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1: the preparation method of cold-punching mold die, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a titanium plate 2, wherein the purity of titanium should control 99.7%.Described titanium plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 object Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described titanium plate 2 is at 1mm.
2, according to cold-punching mold die size, cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern 7 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of cold-punching mold die, the position of its key wear is the upper surface of cutting edge of die, fixes titanium plate 2 accordingly at the edge surface of die evaporative pattern 7, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in titanium plate 2 surface, described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.1mm, itself and titanium plate 2 are combined closely, as shown in Figure 1.
3, according to cold-punching mold die size, CO is used 2waterglass hardened sand makes sand mold.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected plain steel is Q275A.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the sand mold being placed with above-mentioned titanium plate 2, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is 40 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtains top to be Q275A matrix underpart is the complex of titanium plate 2.
6, the cold-punching mold die complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1000 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 6h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; form gradient composite coating at cutting edge of die surface, and die matrix is still Q275A matrix.Described protection gas is argon gas, and gas flow is 5ml/min.
7, the cold-punching mold die complex with gradient composite coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat below 220 DEG C, and die matrix 6 is martensitic structure.
Described gradient composite coating, comprises TiC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 15 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 110 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 90%.
Further, comprise the micron TiC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 90 μm, and the volume fraction of TiC is 90%, and its crystallite dimension is 7 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at TiC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 90 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 70%, and its crystallite dimension is 3 μm.Now, described coating can be composite coating, and as shown in Figure 2, it comprises accurate monocrystalline phase TiC dense ceramic layers 3, the fused layer 5 of micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and TiC and matrix is formed, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 290 μm.Described Q275A matrix is pearlite.It is 3000HV that described cold-punching mold cutting edge of die surface has higher hardness 0.05, relative wear resistance is 22 times of matrix.
Embodiment 2: the preparation method of cold-punching mold die, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a titanium plate 2, wherein the purity of titanium should control 99.8%, and described titanium plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 object Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described titanium plate 2 is at 1.5mm.
2, according to cold-punching mold die size, cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern 7 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of cold-punching mold die, the position of its key wear is the upper surface of cutting edge of die, fixes titanium plate 2 accordingly at the edge surface of die evaporative pattern 7, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in titanium plate 2 surface, described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, thickness is 0.2mm, and itself and titanium plate 2 are combined closely.
3, according to cold-punching mold die size, sand mold is made with precoated sand.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected plain steel is Q255AF.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the sand mold being placed with above-mentioned titanium plate 2, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is 45 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtains top to be Q255AF matrix underpart is the complex of titanium plate 2.
6, the cold-punching mold die complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1050 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 6h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; form gradient composite coating at cutting edge of die surface, and die matrix is still Q255AF matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the cold-punching mold die complex with gradient composite coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 700 DEG C, and die matrix 6 is pearlitic structrure.
Described gradient composite coating, comprises TiC dense ceramic layers 3, and as shown in Figure 3, be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 30 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 150 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 90%.
Further, comprise the micron TiC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3, as shown in Figure 4, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 100 μm, and the volume fraction of TiC is 90%, and its crystallite dimension is 10 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at TiC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 100 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 65%, and its particle diameter is 4 μm.Now, described coating can be composite coating, is to be made up of the fused layer 5 of described accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3, micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and TiC and matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 350 μm.Described Q255AF matrix is pearlite.It is 3080HV that described cold-punching mold cutting edge of die surface has higher hardness 0.05, wearability is 16 times relative to Q255AF matrix.
Embodiment 3: the preparation method of cold-punching mold die, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a titanium plate 2, wherein the purity of titanium should control 99.8%, and described titanium plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1200 object Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described titanium plate 2 is at 2.5mm.
2, according to cold-punching mold die size, cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern 7 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of cold-punching mold die, the position of its key wear is the upper surface of cutting edge of die, fixes titanium plate 2 accordingly at the edge surface of die evaporative pattern 7, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in titanium plate 2 surface, described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, thickness is 0.2mm, and itself and titanium plate 2 are combined closely.
3, according to cold-punching mold die size, sand mold is made with precoated sand.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected plain steel is Q255AF.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured into the sand mold being placed with above-mentioned titanium plate 2, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is 50 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtains top to be Q255AF matrix underpart is the complex of titanium plate 2.
6, the cold-punching mold die complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1100 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 10h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; form gradient composite coating at cutting edge of die surface, and die matrix is still Q255AF matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the cold-punching mold die complex with gradient composite coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 700 DEG C, and die matrix 6 is pearlitic structrure.
Described gradient composite coating, comprises TiC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 40 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 180 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 90%.
Further, comprise the micron TiC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 130 μm, and the volume fraction of TiC is 90%, and its crystallite dimension is 13 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at TiC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 160 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 50%, and its particle diameter is 8 μm.Now, described coating can be composite coating, and it comprises accurate monocrystalline phase TiC dense ceramic layers 3, the fused layer 5 of micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and TiC and matrix is formed, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 470 μm, and described Q255AF matrix is pearlite.It is 3120HV that described cold-punching mold cutting edge of die surface has higher hardness 0.05, wearability is 22 times relative to Q255AF matrix.
Embodiment 4: the preparation method of cold-punching mold die, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a titanium plate 2, wherein the purity of titanium should control 99.99%, and described titanium plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 object Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described titanium plate 2 is at 3mm.
2, according to cold-punching mold die size, cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern 7 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of cold-punching mold die, the position of its key wear is the upper surface of cutting edge of die, fixes titanium plate 2 accordingly at the edge surface of die evaporative pattern 7, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in titanium plate 2 surface, described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, thickness is 0.15mm, and itself and titanium plate 2 are combined closely.
3, according to cold-punching mold die size, sand mold is made with tide mould sand.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and selected plain steel is 50 steel.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the mould being placed with above-mentioned titanium plate 2, pouring temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is 50 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtains top to be 50 steel matrix bottoms is the complex of titanium plate 2.
6, the cold-punching mold die complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1130 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 12h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; form gradient composite coating at cutting edge of die surface, and die matrix is still 50 steel matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the cold-punching mold die complex with gradient composite coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 350 DEG C, and die matrix 6 is bainite structure.
Described gradient composite coating, comprises TiC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 45 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 200 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 80%.
Further, comprise the micron TiC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 150 μm, and the volume fraction of TiC is 80%, and its particle diameter is 15 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at TiC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 200 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 20%, and its particle diameter is 10 μm.Now, described coating can be composite coating, and it comprises accurate monocrystalline phase TiC dense ceramic layers 3, the fused layer 5 of micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and TiC and matrix is formed, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 550 μm.Described 50 steel matrix are bainite.In described cold-punching mold, die edge surface has higher hardness is 3230HV 0.05, wearability is 14 times relative to 50 steel matrix
Embodiment 5: the preparation method of cold-punching mold die, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a titanium plate 2, wherein the purity of titanium should control 99.7%.Described titanium plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 900 object Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described titanium plate 2 is at 2.5mm.
2, according to cold-punching mold die size, cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern 7 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of cold-punching mold die, the position of its key wear is the upper surface of cutting edge of die, fixes titanium plate 2 accordingly at the edge surface of die evaporative pattern 7, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in titanium plate 2 surface, described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, thickness is 0.25mm, and itself and titanium plate 2 are combined closely.
3, according to cold-punching mold die size, CO is used 2waterglass hardened sand makes sand mold.
4, smelt plain steel for molten steel, temperature controls at 1610 DEG C.Selected plain steel is T12.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the mould being placed with above-mentioned titanium plate 2, pouring temperature controls at 1610 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is 50 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtains top to be T12 matrix underpart is the complex of titanium plate 2.
6, the cold-punching mold die complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1000 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 12h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; form gradient composite coating at cutting edge of die surface, and die matrix is still T12 matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 7ml/min.
7, the cold-punching mold die complex with gradient composite coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 400 DEG C, and die matrix 6 is bainite structure.
Described gradient composite coating, comprises TiC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 30 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 120 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 85%.
Further, comprise the micron TiC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 110 μm, and the volume fraction of TiC is 85%, and its crystallite dimension is 9 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at TiC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 120 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 60%, and its crystallite dimension is 5 μm.Now, described coating can be composite coating, and it comprises accurate monocrystalline phase TiC dense ceramic layers 3, the fused layer 5 of micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and TiC and matrix is formed, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 350 μm.Described 50 steel matrix are bainite.In described cold-punching mold, die edge surface has higher hardness is 3010HV 0.05, wearability is 10 times relative to 50 steel matrix.
Embodiment 6: the preparation method of cold-punching mold die, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a titanium plate 2, wherein the purity of titanium should control 99.99%, and described titanium plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 object Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described titanium plate 2 is at 2mm.
2, according to cold-punching mold die size, cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern 7 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of cold-punching mold die, the position of its key wear is the upper surface of cutting edge of die, fixes titanium plate 2 accordingly at the edge surface of die evaporative pattern 7, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in titanium plate 2 surface, described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, thickness is 0.25mm, and itself and titanium plate 2 are combined closely.
3, according to cold-punching mold die size, sand mold is made with precoated sand.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1610 DEG C.Selected plain steel is T8.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the mould being placed with above-mentioned titanium plate 2, pouring temperature controls at 1610 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is 50 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtains top to be T8 matrix underpart is the complex of titanium plate 2.
6, the cold-punching mold die complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1050 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 12h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; form gradient composite coating at cutting edge of die surface, and die matrix is still T8 matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 8ml/min.
7, the cold-punching mold die complex with gradient composite coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat below 220 DEG C, and die matrix 6 is martensitic structure.
Described gradient composite coating, comprises TiC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 35 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 170 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 85%.
Further, comprise the micron TiC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 120 μm, and the volume fraction of TiC is 85%, and its crystallite dimension is 12 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at TiC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 130 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 55%, and its crystallite dimension is 6 μm.Now, described coating can be composite coating, and it comprises accurate monocrystalline phase TiC dense ceramic layers 3, the fused layer 5 of micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and TiC and matrix is formed, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 420 μm.Described plain steel is martensite.In described cold-punching mold, die edge surface has higher hardness is 3100HV 0.05, wearability is 11 times relative to T8 matrix.
Embodiment 7: the preparation method of cold-punching mold die, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a titanium plate 2, wherein the purity of titanium should control 99.9%.Described titanium plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water,
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 order Al2O3 sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described titanium plate 2 is at 1mm.
2, according to cold-punching mold die size, cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern 7 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of cold-punching mold die, the position of its key wear is the upper surface of cutting edge of die, fixes titanium plate 2 accordingly at the edge surface of die evaporative pattern 7, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in titanium plate 2 surface, described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, thickness is 0.25mm, and itself and titanium plate 2 are combined closely.
3, according to cold-punching mold die size, sand mold is made with self-hardening resin sand.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected plain steel is ZG270.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the mould being placed with above-mentioned titanium plate 2, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is 45 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtains top to be ZG270 matrix underpart is the complex of titanium plate 2.
6, the cold-punching mold die complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1100 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 6h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; form gradient composite coating at cutting edge of die surface, and die matrix is still ZG270 matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 8ml/min.
7, the cold-punching mold die complex with gradient composite coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat below 220 DEG C, and die matrix 6 is martensitic structure.
Described gradient composite coating, comprise TiC dense ceramic layers 3 and to be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, its crystallite dimension is 40 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 160 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 90%.
Further, comprise the micron TiC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 110 μm, and the volume fraction of TiC is 90%, and its particle diameter is 11 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at TiC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 120 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 60%, and its particle diameter is 7 μm.Now, described coating can be composite coating, and it comprises accurate monocrystalline phase TiC dense ceramic layers 3, the fused layer 5 of micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and TiC and matrix is formed, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 390 μm.Described plain steel is martensite.In described cold-punching mold, die edge surface has higher hardness is 3110HV 0.05, wearability is 19 times relative to ZG270 matrix.
Embodiment 8: the preparation method of cold-punching mold die, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a titanium plate 2, wherein the purity of titanium should control 99.9%.Described titanium plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 order Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described titanium plate 2 is at 1mm.
2, according to cold-punching mold die size, cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern 7 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of cold-punching mold die, the position of its key wear is the upper surface of cutting edge of die, fixes titanium plate 2 accordingly at the edge surface of die evaporative pattern 7, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in titanium plate 2 surface, described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, thickness is 0.3mm, and itself and titanium plate 2 are combined closely.
3, according to cold-punching mold die size, sand mold is made with tide mould sand.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and selected plain steel is 45 steel.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the mould being placed with above-mentioned titanium plate 2, pouring temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is 45 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtains top to be 45 steel matrix bottoms is the complex of titanium plate 2.
6, the cold-punching mold die complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1130 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 6h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; form gradient composite coating at cutting edge of die surface, and die matrix is still 45 steel matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the cold-punching mold die complex with gradient composite coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 600 DEG C, and die matrix 6 is pearlitic structrure.
Described gradient composite coating, comprises TiC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 45 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 170 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 90%.
Further, comprise the micron TiC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 140 μm, and the volume fraction of TiC is 90%, and its crystallite dimension is 14 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at TiC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 180 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 40%, and its crystallite dimension is 9 μm.Now, described coating can be composite coating, and it comprises accurate monocrystalline phase TiC dense ceramic layers 3, the fused layer 5 of micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and TiC and matrix is formed, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 490 μm.Described plain steel is pearlite.It is 3130HV that described cold-punching mold cutting edge of die surface has higher hardness 0.05, wearability is 13 times relative to 45 steel matrix.
Embodiment 9: the preparation method of cold-punching mold die, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a titanium plate 2, wherein the purity of titanium should control 99.9%.Described titanium plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1200 order Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described titanium plate 2 is at 0.2mm.
2, according to cold-punching mold die size, cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern 7 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of cold-punching mold die, the position of its key wear is the upper surface of cutting edge of die, fixes titanium plate 2 accordingly at the edge surface of die evaporative pattern 7, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in titanium plate 2 surface, described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, thickness is 0.2mm, and itself and titanium plate 2 are combined closely.
3, according to cold-punching mold die size, CO is used 2waterglass hardened sand makes sand mold.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and selected plain steel is 50 steel.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the mould being placed with above-mentioned titanium plate 2, pouring temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is 40 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtains top to be 50 steel matrix bottoms is the complex of titanium plate 2.
6, the cold-punching mold die complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1000 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 4h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; form gradient composite coating at cutting edge of die surface, and die matrix is still 50 steel matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the cold-punching mold die complex with gradient composite coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 650 DEG C, and die matrix 6 is pearlitic structrure.
Described gradient composite coating, comprises TiC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 10 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 90%.
Further, comprise the micron TiC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 50 μm, and the volume fraction of TiC is 90%, and its crystallite dimension is 5 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at TiC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 50 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 80%, and its crystallite dimension is 1 μm.Now, described coating can be composite coating, and it comprises accurate monocrystalline phase TiC dense ceramic layers 3, the fused layer 5 of micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and TiC and matrix is formed, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 170 μm.Described plain steel is pearlite.It is 3000HV that described cold-punching mold cutting edge of die surface has higher hardness 0.05, wearability is 11 times relative to steel matrix.
Embodiment 10: the preparation method of cold-punching mold die, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a titanium plate 2, wherein the purity of titanium should control 99.9%.Described titanium plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 900 order Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described titanium plate 2 is at 3mm.
2, according to cold-punching mold die size, cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern 7 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of cold-punching mold die, the position of its key wear is the upper surface of cutting edge of die, fixes titanium plate 2 accordingly at the edge surface of die evaporative pattern 7, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in titanium plate 2 surface, described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, thickness is 0.1mm, and itself and titanium plate 2 are combined closely.
3, according to cold-punching mold die size, CO is used 2waterglass hardened sand makes sand mold.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected plain steel is Q255AF.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the mould being placed with above-mentioned titanium plate 2, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is 50 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtains top to be Q255AF matrix underpart is the complex of titanium plate 2.
6, the cold-punching mold die complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1050 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 4h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; form gradient composite coating at cutting edge of die surface, and die matrix is still Q255AF matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the cold-punching mold die complex with gradient composite coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 300 DEG C, and die matrix 6 is bainite structure.
Described gradient composite coating, comprises TiC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 25 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 90 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 90%.
Further, comprise the micron TiC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70 μm, and the volume fraction of TiC is 90%, and its crystallite dimension is 8 μm.
Further also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at TiC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 70%, and its crystallite dimension is 2 μm.Now, described coating can be composite coating, and it comprises accurate monocrystalline phase TiC dense ceramic layers 3, the fused layer 5 of micron TiC ceramic layer 4 and TiC and matrix is formed, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 230 μm.Described plain steel is pearlite.It is 3020HV that described cold-punching mold cutting edge of die surface has higher hardness 0.05, wearability is 20 times relative to Q255 matrix.
Comparative example 1, its preparation method is as follows: with laser cladding directly by the work impulse face of TiC titanium carbide granule cladding at cold-punching mold, obtaining coating layer thickness is 30 μm, and volume fraction is 80%, and the average microhardness of gained coating is 1200HV 0.05, relative wear resistance is 2-3 times relative to matrix.
In comparative example, Laser Surface Modification Technology production cost is high, and production efficiency is low, and technological parameter is wayward, and uses bonding agent will cause pore and slag inclusion in use procedure; And there is not accurate monocrystalline TiC dense ceramic layers and micron TiC ceramic layer in composite bed, composite bed thickness and TiC content less, TiC particle diameter is uneven; Simultaneously, recombination process is only that the gap externally added between hard titanium carbide granule is carried out casting and blended and carry out melting, sintering to additional particle, non-metallurgical binding between hard titanium carbide granule and metallic matrix, adhesion is very weak, particle easily comes off or there is oxidation, Inclusion Problem, therefore, its mechanical property is poor.

Claims (21)

1. a cold-punching mold, has wear-resistant coating at its work impulse face, it is characterized in that: described wear resistant carbide coating is TiC dense ceramic layers.
2. cold-punching mold as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: TiC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
3. cold-punching mold as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70-200 μm, is preferably 100-200 μm, is more preferably 120-200 μm, wherein preferred, the volume fraction of TiC is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 90%, preferably, TiC particle diameter is 8-50 μm, is preferably 10-50 μm.
4. a cold-punching mold, has gradient composite coating on its cutting edge of die surface, it is characterized in that: described gradient composite coating is carbide coating, comprises the fused layer of the TiC dense ceramic layers of distribution gradient successively, micron TiC ceramic layer, TiC and matrix.
5. cold-punching mold as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: TiC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
6. the cold-punching mold as described in claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that: along TiC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, and its thickness is 70-200 μm, is preferably 100-200 μm, is more preferably 120-200 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of TiC is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 90%; Preferably, TiC particle diameter is 8-50 μm, is preferably 10-50 μm.
7. the cold-punching mold as described in one of claim 4-6, it is characterized in that: along micron TiC ceramic layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 50-150 μm, be preferably 70-150 μm, be more preferably 80-150 μm, preferably, the volume fraction of TiC is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 90%, preferably, the particle diameter of TiC is 5-15 μm, is preferably 6-12 μm, is more preferably 8-10 μm.
8. the cold-punching mold as described in one of claim 4-7, it is characterized in that: along the fused layer longitudinal profile of TiC and matrix, its thickness is 50 μm-200 μm, preferred 100-200 μm, preferably, wherein the volume fraction of TiC is 20%-80%, be preferably 50%-85%, preferred in this layer, the particle diameter of TiC is 1-10 μm, is preferably 2-8 μm.
9. the cold-punching mold as described in one of claim 4-8, is characterized in that: gradient composite coating gross thickness is 170-550 μm, preferably at 300-550 μm.
10. the cold-punching mold as described in one of claim 4-9, is characterized in that: matrix is not all one or more in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite according to heat treatment; Preferably, this gradient composite coating is applied in steel surface.
The preparation method of 11. 1 kinds of cold-punching molds as described in one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, concave die edge surface has wear-resistant coating, comprises the steps:
1), first prepare a titanium plate, preferably, wherein the purity of titanium should control at 99.7-99.99%; Preferably, the THICKNESS CONTROL of described titanium plate is at 0.2-3mm; Preferably, described titanium plate is first by addition surface treatment;
2), cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern is made according to cold-punching mold die size, according to the work force-bearing situation of cold-punching mold die, the position of its key wear is cutting edge of die surface, fixes titanium plate accordingly at the edge surface of die evaporative pattern, then in titanium plate surface fixed outer carbon source; Preferably, cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics; Preferably, described external carbon source is the graphite paper of more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm, and itself and titanium plate are combined closely;
3) according to cold-punching mold die size, sand mold is made; Preferably, CO is used 2waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4), carbon steel base material is smelted for molten steel; Preferably, temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C;
5), evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern, titanium plate and carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining cold-punching mold die matrix is carbon steel, and cutting edge of die surface is the complex of carbon steel and titanium plate; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C; More preferably, the duration of pouring is that 40-50 is advisable second; Further preferably, after one minute, at hot topping, room temperature cools;
6) the cold-punching mold die complex, by having cast obtained puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, thus forms wear-resistant coating on cutting edge of die surface, and cold-punching mold die matrix is still plain steel;
Wherein, wear-resistant coating is TiC dense ceramic layers.
The preparation method of 12. cold-punching molds as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that: TiC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly; Preferably, step 6) in obtain this TiC dense ceramic layers by controlling temperature retention time, holding temperature.
The preparation method of 13. 1 kinds of cold-punching molds as described in one of claim 4-10, is characterized in that, its concave die edge surface has gradient composite coating, comprises the steps:
1), first prepare a titanium plate, preferably, wherein the purity of titanium should control at 99.7-99.99%; Preferably, the THICKNESS CONTROL of described titanium plate is at 0.2-3mm; Preferably, described titanium plate is first by addition surface treatment;
2), cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern is made according to cold-punching mold die size, according to the work force-bearing situation of cold-punching mold die, the position of its key wear is cutting edge of die surface, titanium plate is fixed accordingly at the edge surface of die evaporative pattern, then in titanium plate surface fixed outer carbon source, itself and titanium plate are combined closely; Preferably, cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics;
3) according to cold-punching mold die size, sand mold is made; Preferably, CO is used 2waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4), carbon steel base material is smelted for molten steel; Preferably, temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C;
5), evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with cold-punching mold die evaporative pattern, titanium plate and carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining cold-punching mold die matrix is carbon steel, and cutting edge of die surface is the complex of carbon steel and titanium plate; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C; More preferably, the duration of pouring is that 40-50 is advisable second; Further preferably, after one minute, at hot topping, room temperature cools;
6) the cold-punching mold die complex, by having cast obtained puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, thus forms Gradient Composite Layer on cutting edge of die surface, and cold-punching mold die matrix is still plain steel;
7) the cold-punching mold die complex with gradient composite coating of gained by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix.
The preparation method of 14. cold-punching molds as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that: by rate-determining steps 6) in temperature retention time, holding temperature obtain this gradient composite coating and carbide coating, described carbide coating comprises the fused layer of the accurate monocrystalline phase TiC dense ceramic layers of distribution gradient successively, micron TiC ceramic layer, TiC and matrix.
The preparation method of 15. cold-punching molds as claimed in claim 14, is characterized in that: holding temperature, temperature retention time and the gross thickness of gradient composite coating that finally can obtain meet following formula,
L＝kTlogt 1/2+b 0
Wherein:
The gross thickness (μm) of L---gradient composite coating,
K---be constant, value is 0-1, k ≠ 0,
T---holding temperature (K),
T---temperature retention time (s),
B 0---original depth (μm), the thickness of the composite bed formed after namely molten steel is poured into a mould and between titanium plate.
The preparation method of 16. cold-punching molds as described in one of claim 13-15, is characterized in that: described step 1) in, surface-treated step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L or the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L or 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L or the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L or 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 orders or thinner Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
The preparation method of 17. cold-punching molds as described in one of claim 13-16, is characterized in that: described step 2) in external carbon source be graphite paper; Preferably, described graphite paper is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm.
The preparation method of 18. cold-punching molds as described in one of claim 13-17, is characterized in that: described step 6) in, be warming up to 1000-1130 DEG C of insulation, programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min, and temperature retention time is 4-12h, preferred 6-10h.
The preparation method of 19. cold-punching molds as described in one of claim 13-18, is characterized in that: selected plain steel is mild steel, medium carbon steel or high-carbon steel.
The preparation method of 20. cold-punching molds as described in one of claim 13-19, it is characterized in that: described protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen, gas flow is 4-8ml/min.
The preparation method of 21. cold-punching molds as described in one of claim 13-20, is characterized in that: described step 7) in heat treatment step be: heat-treat at about 800-550 DEG C, matrix is pearlitic structrure; Or heat-treat at 220-450 DEG C, matrix is belleville soma; Or heat-treat below 220 DEG C, matrix is martensitic structure.
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CN111940611A (en) * 2020-08-07 2020-11-17 和县卜集振兴标准件厂 Method for improving precision of alloy steel stamping die
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