CN104525913A - Guardrails and a manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Guardrails and a manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104525913A
CN104525913A CN201410657673.4A CN201410657673A CN104525913A CN 104525913 A CN104525913 A CN 104525913A CN 201410657673 A CN201410657673 A CN 201410657673A CN 104525913 A CN104525913 A CN 104525913A
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Prior art keywords
guard rail
rail
matrix
tungsten plate
guard
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CN201410657673.4A
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CN104525913B (en
Inventor
许云华
赵娜娜
燕映霖
梁淑华
钟黎声
叶芳霞
王亮亮
邹军涛
肖鹏
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Jiangsu Gutian Automation Co ltd
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Xian University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
    • C23C8/64—Carburising
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B5/00—Rails; Guard rails; Distance-keeping means for them
    • E01B5/18—Guard rails; Connecting, fastening or adjusting means therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides guardrails. The surfaces of the working positions of the guardrails are coated with carbide coatings. The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the guardrails. The upper and the lower surfaces of the working positions of the guardrails are coated with the carbide coatings. Quasi-single crystal WC compact ceramic coatings, micron WC ceramic coatings and WC-and-basal body compound coatings are distributed in turn in a gradient way from outside to inside and carbon steel surfaces are coated with the quasi-single crystal WC compact ceramic coatings, the micron WC ceramic coatings and the WC-and-basal body compound coatings. Basal body-and-tungsten complexes that are obtained in a casting way are introduced with an outer carbon source from the outside, and then heating operation and heat preservation operation are performed so that the carbide coatings are formed on the surfaces of the basal bodies. Metallurgical bonding is applied between each of the coatings and each of the basal bodies, and the bonding force is strong. The guiderails solve the problems of weak bonding force and easy falling situation of particles since metallurgical bonding is not applied between each hard particle and each metal basal body with the conventional method. The abrasion proof performance of the working surfaces of the guardrails is greatly enhanced.

Description

Guard rail and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of guard rail with wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to one and there is wear resistant carbide coating guard rail and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of wear resistant carbide coating compound guard rail being applied to steel surface and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Railway counter-rail is one of requisite strength member in railway switch place, for ensure train through turnout passing time safety and steady pass through.At present, the guard rail used in railway switch generally adopts rail steel manufacture, the guard rail hardness adopting rail steel to manufacture is not high, rub proofness is poor, under the impact and friction of wheel of running at high speed, guard rail working face (one side close with rail) is worn and torn comparatively fast, and service life is lower, this adds on-the-spot maintenance workload and use cost undoubtedly, and has a strong impact on train traffic safety.In recent years, in order to improve the service life of guard rail, the reinforcement of various countries from different aspects to guard rail is studied.What present stage use was more is that preparation strengthens coating on surface, can ensure like this on the basis of matrix primary characteristic, significantly increase wearability and other mechanical performances on surface, in the service life of the parts such as raising guard rail, reduce costs.
The coating of carbide material uses more a kind of material at present stage, and hardness is high, abrasion resistance properties is superior feature that it has, covers with coating way wearability and the life-span that the parts prepared by matrix material can be improved in alloy base surface.Carbide material has the advantages that hardness is high, abrasion resistance properties is superior.Wherein WC is a kind of common coating material, and it has following advantageous features:
(1) tungsten carbide has high strength, high rigidity and high-modulus;
(2) WC good toughness, resistance to shock loads and wear resistence are good, be combined have good anti-interfacial corrosion ability with matrix, and it and iron and steel wetability are good, and angle of wetting is therebetween zero;
(3) secondly, China is the Fu Changuo of tungsten, so select WC all very suitable on technology, economic and social benefit as wild phase.
Therefore, WC coating is widely used as chipless cold/hot metal machining tool, cutting tool, various mould, the anti-corrosion piece surface of antiwear heat resisting etc.
Metal current material surface coating technology has: laser cladding, self-propagating high-temperature sintering technology, PM technique, material vapor deposition technique (comprising: chemical vapour deposition (CVD) (CVD), physical vapour deposition (PVD) (PVD)) etc., the method preparing carbide coating at present has chemical vapour deposition technique, physical vaporous deposition, heat spraying method, hot plating method etc., but, there is the deficiencies such as production equipment requirement is harsh, production efficiency is low, anchoring strength of coating is low in these methods.
Therefore the coating of WC phase how is obtained at guard rail working surface, and select the preparation method that a kind of production equipment is simple, technological process is short, to obtain with good, the difficult drop-off of basal body binding force and the coating of mechanical property, anti-wear performance excellence is problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of guard rail, the surface of its guard rail has a kind of wear-resistant coating, and guard rail core is still plain steel, this wear resistant carbide coating is WC dense ceramic layers, its chemical stability and wearability good, there is low-friction coefficient, high rigidity, low-surface-energy and low thermal conductiv-ity; And further, provide a kind of preparation method for obtaining above-mentioned guard rail.
Further, the present invention also provides compound guard rail, its guard rail surface has a kind of gradient composite coating, described gradient composite coating is carbide coating, it is preferably coated on metal base surface, to improve wearability and fracture toughness, particularly carbon steel or the Cast Iron Surface on its surface, and provide a kind of preparation method for obtaining above-mentioned coating.
Described guard rail, has wear-resistant coating in its working position.This coating favourable guarantee guard rail working surface has very high hardness and good wearability, and guard rail intrinsic silicon has good toughness.
For realizing the object of the invention, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of guard rail, surface has wear-resistant coating, and this wear-resistant coating is WC dense ceramic layers; Preferably, WC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
More preferably, along WC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 50-180 μm, is preferably 100-180 μm; Preferably, wherein the volume fraction of WC is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 85%, and preferably, its particle diameter is 10-50 μm, is preferably 20-50 μm.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of guard rail, and surface has gradient composite coating, and described gradient composite coating is carbide coating, comprises the fused layer of the WC dense ceramic layers of distribution gradient successively, micron WC ceramic layer, WC and matrix.
Preferably, WC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
More preferably, along WC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 50-180 μm, is preferably 100-180 μm; Preferably, wherein the volume fraction of WC is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 85%, and preferably, its particle diameter is 10-50 μm, is preferably 20-50 μm.
Further preferably, along micron WC ceramic layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70-180 μm, is preferably 130-180 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is greater than 75%, is preferably greater than 80%, and its particle diameter is 5-30 μm, is preferably 6-25 μm.
Still more preferably, along the fused layer longitudinal profile of WC and matrix, its thickness is 60-300 μm, is preferably 100-300 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 40-80%, and be preferably 60-80%, its particle diameter is 1-20 μm, is preferably 5-10 μm.
Preferably, gradient composite coating, its gross thickness is 180-660 μm; Preferably at 330-660 μm.
More preferably, matrix according to heat treatment mode be not all in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite one or more; Preferably, this gradient composite coating is applied in steel surface.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of guard rail, guard rail surface has wear-resistant coating, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate, preferably, wherein the purity of tungsten should control at 99.7-99.99%, and preferably, tungsten plate is first by addition surface treatment; Preferably, described tungsten plate thickness is 0.2-3mm;
2, guard rail evaporative pattern is made according to guard rail size, according to the work force-bearing situation of guard rail, the position of its key wear is rail head and the web of the rail surface of guard rail, accordingly at rail head and the web of the rail surface fixed tungsten plate of guard rail evaporative pattern, then in tungsten plate surface fixed outer carbon source, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely; Preferably, guard rail evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics; Preferably, described external carbon source is graphite paper, and graphite paper is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm;
3, make sand mold according to guard rail size, every case guard rail, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold die cavity by guard rail evaporative pattern in the lump together with tungsten plate and external carbon source; Preferably, CO is used 2waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4, carbon steel base material is smelted for molten steel; Preferably, temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C;
5, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with guard rail mould, tungsten plate and carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C; More preferably, the duration of pouring is that 40-50 is advisable second; Further preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, room temperature cooling.
6, the guard rail complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally with stove cooling, thus form wear-resistant coating on guard rail surface, and guard rail matrix is still plain steel.
Wherein, wear-resistant coating is WC dense ceramic layers.
Preferably, by rate-determining steps 6) in temperature retention time, holding temperature obtain this WC dense ceramic layers; Preferably, WC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of guard rail, and it has body gradient composite coating, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate, preferably, wherein the Pureness control of tungsten at 99.7-99.99% preferably, and described tungsten plate thickness is 0.2-3mm; , preferably, described tungsten plate is first by addition surface treatment;
2, guard rail evaporative pattern is made according to guard rail size, according to the work force-bearing situation of guard rail, the position of its key wear is rail head and the web of the rail surface of guard rail, accordingly at rail head and the web of the rail surface fixed tungsten plate of guard rail evaporative pattern, then in tungsten plate surface fixed outer carbon source, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely; Preferably, guard rail evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics;
3, make sand mold according to guard rail size, every case guard rail, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold die cavity by guard rail in the lump together with tungsten plate and external carbon source; Preferably, CO is used 2waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4, carbon steel base material is smelted for molten steel; Preferably, temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C;
5, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with guard rail mould, tungsten plate and carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C; Preferably, the duration of pouring is that 40-50 is advisable second; More preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, after room temperature cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate;
6, the coated outer carbon source of the guard rail complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally with stove cooling, thus form gradient composite coating at guard rail rail head and web of the rail surface, and guard rail matrix body is still plain steel.
7, the guard rail with gradient composite coating of gained, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix.
Preferably, titanium plate thickness is 0.2-3mm; If be less than 0.2mm, then tungsten plate just complete reaction in cast recombination process, can not obtain WC dense ceramic layers, directly generation Dispersed precipitate WC particle; Then cause diffusion length to increase more than 3mm, reaction power is not enough.
Preferably, control holding temperature and the relation of time by strict in step 6, obtain described accurate monocrystalline phase WC dense ceramic layers.This ceramic layer presents comparatively obvious accurate single crystal organization, and show as crystal boundary under light microscope and reduce, affect the dislocation also corresponding minimizing of fracture toughness, the sub boundary in generation increases, and effectively improves the anti-crack ability of this ceramic layer.
Preferably, by rate-determining steps 6) in temperature retention time, holding temperature obtain this gradient composite coating and carbide coating, described carbide coating comprises accurate monocrystalline phase WC dense ceramic layers, the micron WC ceramic layer of distribution gradient successively, the fused layer of WC and matrix.
More preferably, holding temperature, temperature retention time and the gross thickness of gradient composite coating that finally can obtain meet following formula
L＝kTlogt 1/2+b 0
Wherein:
The gross thickness (μm) of L---gradient composite coating,
K---be constant, value is 0-1, k ≠ 0,
T---reaction temperature,
T---the reaction time,
B 0---reaction original depth, the thickness of the composite bed formed after namely molten steel is poured into a mould and between tungsten plate.
To sum up, described gradient composite coating, comprise WC dense ceramic layers, hardness is high.Described WC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, the arrangement of atom unlike monocrystalline there is identical lattice like that, but still there is strict order, present geometry arrangement; Uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and atomic arrangement is more orderly.Accurate monocrystalline is between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, and compared to polycrystalline phase, the crystal boundary of accurate monocrystalline phase obviously reduces, and dislocation density is low, has more sub boundary, and therefore hardness has obvious lifting; And than monocrystalline phase, it requires lower to preparation method, and organize more stable.
Preferably, in step 1) in, surface-treated step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L or the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L or 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L or the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L or 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 orders or thinner Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
More preferably, step 2 peripheral carbon source is graphite paper; Preferably, described graphite paper is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm.
Preferably, step 6) in, be warming up to 1000-1140 DEG C, programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min, and temperature retention time is 2-8h, preferred 4-8h.
Preferably, selected plain steel is mild steel, medium carbon steel or high-carbon steel.
Preferably, protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen, and gas flow is 4-8ml/min.
Wherein, holding temperature should be strict controlled in above-mentioned scope, and temperature is higher than 1140 DEG C, and the liquid phase in course of reaction is too much, and makes block accurate phase monocrystal WC, directly generates Dispersed precipitate WC particle, and can not obtain the mutually fine and close WC ceramic layer of accurate monocrystalline; But temperature is lower than 1000 DEG C, then the solubility of W is too low, and reaction cannot be carried out by forward.Same, temperature retention time also should keep a reasonably interval, time is more than 8h, the mutually fine and close WC ceramic layer of accurate monocrystalline disappears, Reaction-diffusion terms generates the fusion of Dispersed precipitate WC particle and matrix, and lower than 2h, then reacts the WC of acquisition very little, coating layer thickness is difficult to ensure, best should remain on 4-8h.
More preferably, the carbon steel complex with carbide coating by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix: heat-treat at 550-800 DEG C, matrix is pearlitic structrure; Heat-treat at 220-450 DEG C, matrix is bainite structure; Heat-treat below 220 DEG C, matrix is martensitic structure.
Described guard rail take carbon steel as matrix, and selected plain steel is mild steel, medium carbon steel and high-carbon steel, is preferably: Q275A, Q255AF, 45 steel, T12A, T8, ZG270-450 etc., sees standard GB/T 221-79.Matrix according to heat treatment mode be not all in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite one or more.
After the present invention obtains steel tungsten complex by casting, introduce outer carbon source, directly carbide coating can be formed on surface, the working position of guard rail in the mode adding thermal diffusion, it is metallurgical binding between coating and guard rail matrix, adhesion is very strong, and overcome non-metallurgical binding between existing hard particles and metallic matrix, adhesion is very weak, particle holds caducous problem, has increased substantially the mechanical property of coating.And the method is simple to operate, without the need to complex device, the guard rail of acquisition is functional.Different heat treatment modes, makes guard rail working surface and matrix itself have different mechanical properties, meets the different performance requirement to various piece in actual production.Due to the formation of the accurate single-crystal ceramic layer of surface compact, this ceramic layer presents comparatively obvious accurate single crystal organization, shows as crystal boundary and reduces, affect the dislocation also corresponding minimizing of fracture toughness under light microscope, the sub boundary in generation increases, and effectively improves the anti-crack ability of this ceramic layer.Therefore guard rail surface maximum hardness can reach 2000-2400HV 0.05, relative wear resistance is 10-22 times of matrix.Described relative wear resistance is defined as: take matrix material as standard specimen, under same load, tested coating produces the relative wear resistance that ratio that wear extent and standard specimen produce wear extent is called coating, therefore be several times of matrix also referred to as the relative wear resistance of coating, following identical parameters examination criteria is identical with it.
This to be as the criterion single crystal organization due to WC dense ceramic layers wherein, chemical stability and wearability good, there is low-friction coefficient, high rigidity, low-surface-energy and low thermal conductiv-ity.And the hardness of micron WC ceramic layer on the other side can only reach 1200-2000HV 0.05, its relative wear resistance is 6-10 times of matrix.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be before casting outer carbon source and tungsten plate at the layout drawing of wear-resistant pipe evaporative pattern outer wall;
Fig. 2 is that after heat treatment, compound guard rail and each several part organize schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is as the criterion monocrystalline phase WC dense ceramic layers micro-organization chart;
Fig. 4 is micron WC ceramic layer micro-organization chart.
In figure, 1. graphite paper, 2. tungsten plate, 3.WC dense ceramic layers, 4. micron WC ceramic layer, the fused layer of 5.WC and matrix, 6. matrix, 7. sand mold, 8. guard rail evaporative pattern.
Detailed description of the invention
Below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein is only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1: the preparation method of guard rail, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.7%.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 object Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 0.2mm.
2, according to guard rail size, guard rail evaporative pattern 8 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of guard rail, the position of its key wear is rail head and the web of the rail surface of guard rail, accordingly at rail head and the web of the rail surface fixed tungsten plate of guard rail evaporative pattern, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate surface, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely, as shown in Figure 1.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.1mm.
3, according to guard rail size, CO is used 2waterglass hardened sand makes sand mold 7, every case guard rail, and two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 7 die cavity by guard rail evaporative pattern 8 in the lump together with tungsten plate and graphite paper 1;
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected plain steel is mild steel Q275A.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 7 being placed with guard rail mould, tungsten plate and graphite paper 1, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 40 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate;
6, the guard rail complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1000 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 2h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating at guard rail rail head and web of the rail surface, and guard rail matrix is still mild steel Q275A matrix.Described protection gas is argon gas, and gas flow is 5ml/min.
7, gained has the guard rail of gradient composite coating, and by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat below 220 DEG C, and matrix 6 is martensitic structure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises WC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its grain size is 10 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 50 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 85%.
Further, also comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 80%, and its grain size is 5 μm.
Further, also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 60 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 80%, and its grain size is 1 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, and as shown in Figure 2, can be made up of the fused layer 5 of accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, ecto-entad is distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 180 μm.Described Q275A plain steel is martensite.The hardness on guard rail surface is 2000HV 0.05, relative wear resistance is 14 times of steel matrix.
Embodiment 2: the preparation method of guard rail, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.8%, and described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and the THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 0.8mm.Step is as follows:
First step pickling, the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 object Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
2, according to guard rail size, guard rail evaporative pattern 8 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of guard rail, the position of its key wear is rail head and the web of the rail surface of guard rail, accordingly at rail head and the web of the rail surface fixed tungsten plate of guard rail evaporative pattern, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate surface, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.2mm.
3, according to guard rail size, make sand mold 7 with precoated sand, every case guard rail, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 7 die cavity by guard rail evaporative pattern 8 in the lump together with tungsten plate and graphite paper 1.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected plain steel is mild steel Q255AF.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 7 being placed with guard rail mould, tungsten plate and graphite paper 1, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 45 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate.
6, the guard rail complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1050 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 4h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating at guard rail rail head and web of the rail surface, and guard rail matrix is still mild steel Q255AF matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, gained has the guard rail of gradient composite coating, and by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 650 DEG C, and matrix 6 is pearlitic structrure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises WC dense ceramic layers 3, and as shown in Figure 3, be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its grain size is 30 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 130 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 80%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, as shown in Figure 4, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 150 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its grain size is 15 μm.
Further, also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 200 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 65%, and its grain size is 10 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, and can be made up of the fused layer 5 of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, ecto-entad is distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 480 μm.Described Q255AF plain steel is pearlite.The hardness on guard rail surface is 2150HV 0.05, wearability is 15 times relative to steel matrix.
Embodiment 3: the preparation method of guard rail, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the Pureness control of tungsten is 99.8%, and the THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 1mm.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 object Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
2, according to guard rail size, guard rail evaporative pattern 8 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of guard rail, the position of its key wear is rail head and the web of the rail surface of guard rail, accordingly at rail head and the web of the rail surface fixed tungsten plate of guard rail evaporative pattern, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate surface, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.35mm.
3, according to guard rail size, make sand mold 7 with self-hardening resin sand, every case guard rail, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 7 die cavity by guard rail evaporative pattern 8 in the lump together with tungsten plate and graphite paper 1.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and selected plain steel is medium carbon steel 45 steel.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 7 being placed with guard rail mould, tungsten plate and graphite paper 1, pouring temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 50 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate.
6, the guard rail complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1100 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 4h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating at guard rail rail head and web of the rail surface, and guard rail matrix is still medium carbon steel 45 steel matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, gained has the guard rail of gradient composite coating, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat-treats at 700 DEG C, and matrix 6 is pearlitic structrure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises WC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its grain size is 35 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 160 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 80%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 170 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its grain size is 20 μm.
Further, also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 260 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 50%, and its grain size is 16 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, and can be made up of the fused layer 5 of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, ecto-entad is distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 590 μm, and described 45 steel plain steels are pearlite.The hardness on guard rail surface is 2200HV 0.05, wearability is 16 times relative to steel matrix.
Embodiment 4: the preparation method of guard rail, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.99%, and described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1200 object Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 2mm.
2, according to guard rail size, guard rail evaporative pattern 8 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of guard rail, the position of its key wear is rail head and the web of the rail surface of guard rail, accordingly at rail head and the web of the rail surface fixed tungsten plate of guard rail evaporative pattern, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate surface, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.15mm.
3, according to guard rail size, make sand mold 7 with tide mould sand, every case guard rail, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 7 die cavity by guard rail evaporative pattern 8 in the lump together with tungsten plate and graphite paper 1.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected plain steel is mild steel Q275A.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 7 being placed with guard rail mould, tungsten plate and graphite paper 1, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 50 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate.
6, the guard rail complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1140 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 8h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating at guard rail rail head and web of the rail surface, and guard rail matrix is still mild steel Q275A matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, gained has the guard rail of gradient composite coating, and by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 450 DEG C, and matrix 6 is bainite structure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises WC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its grain size is 45 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 180 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 85%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 180 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its grain size is 30 μm.
Further, also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 300 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 40%, and its grain size is 20 μm.To sum up, described carbide coating is composite coating, is to be made up of the fused layer 5 of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, and ecto-entad is distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 660 μm.Described Q275A plain steel is bainite.The hardness on guard rail surface is 2400HV 0.05, wearability is 22 times relative to steel matrix.
Embodiment 5: the preparation method of guard rail, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.7%.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 3mm.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 object Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
2, according to guard rail size, guard rail evaporative pattern 8 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of guard rail, the position of its key wear is rail head and the web of the rail surface of guard rail, accordingly at rail head and the web of the rail surface fixed tungsten plate of guard rail evaporative pattern, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate surface, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.25mm.
3, according to guard rail size, CO is used 2waterglass hardened sand makes sand mold 7, and every case guard rail, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 7 die cavity by guard rail evaporative pattern 8 in the lump together with tungsten plate and graphite paper 1.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and selected plain steel is medium carbon steel 50 steel.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 7 being placed with guard rail mould, tungsten plate and graphite paper 1, pouring temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 40 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate.
6, the guard rail complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1000 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 8h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating at guard rail rail head and web of the rail surface, and guard rail matrix is still medium carbon steel 50 steel matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 7ml/min.
7, gained has the guard rail of gradient composite coating, and by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 400 DEG C, and matrix 6 is bainite structure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises WC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its grain size is 25 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 150 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 85%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 160 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its grain size is 15 μm.
Further, also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 230 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its grain size is 9 μm.To sum up, described carbide coating is composite coating, and can be made up of the fused layer 5 of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, ecto-entad is distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 540 μm.Described 50 steel plain steels are bainite.The hardness on guard rail surface is 2100HV 0.05, wearability is 14 times relative to steel matrix.
Embodiment 6: the preparation method of guard rail, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.99%, and the THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 2mm.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1200 object Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
2, according to guard rail size, guard rail evaporative pattern 8 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of guard rail, the position of its key wear is rail head and the web of the rail surface of guard rail, accordingly at rail head and the web of the rail surface fixed tungsten plate of guard rail evaporative pattern, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate surface, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.25mm.
3, according to guard rail size, make sand mold 7 with precoated sand, every case guard rail, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 7 die cavity by guard rail evaporative pattern 8 in the lump together with tungsten plate and graphite paper 1.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1610 DEG C, and selected plain steel is high-carbon steel T8.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 7 being placed with guard rail mould, tungsten plate and graphite paper 1, pouring temperature controls at 1610 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 50 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate.
6, the guard rail complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1050 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 2h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating at guard rail rail head and web of the rail surface, and guard rail matrix is still high-carbon steel T8 matrix.Described protection gas is argon gas, and gas flow is 8ml/min.
7, gained has the guard rail of gradient composite coating, and by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat below 220 DEG C, and matrix 6 is martensitic structure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises WC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its grain size is 20 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 60 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 85%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 80 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 80%, and its grain size is 10 μm.
Further, also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 70%, and its grain size is 6 μm.To sum up, described carbide coating is composite coating, and can be made up of the fused layer 5 of accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, ecto-entad is distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 210 μm.Described T8 plain steel is martensite.The hardness on guard rail surface is 2050HV 0.05, wearability is 10 times relative to steel matrix.
Embodiment 7: the preparation method of guard rail, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.9%.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water,
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 order Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 1mm.
2, according to guard rail size, guard rail evaporative pattern 8 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of guard rail, the position of its key wear is rail head and the web of the rail surface of guard rail, accordingly at rail head and the web of the rail surface fixed tungsten plate of guard rail evaporative pattern, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate surface, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.15mm.
3, according to guard rail size, make sand mold 7 with self-hardening resin sand, every case guard rail, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 7 die cavity by guard rail evaporative pattern 8 in the lump together with tungsten plate and graphite paper 1.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected plain steel is mild steel ZG270-500.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 7 being placed with guard rail mould, tungsten plate and graphite paper 1, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 45 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate.
6, the guard rail complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1100 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 2h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating at guard rail rail head and web of the rail surface, and guard rail matrix is still mild steel ZG270-500 matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 8ml/min.
7, gained has the guard rail of gradient composite coating, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat-treats below 600 DEG C, and matrix 6 is pearlitic structrure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises WC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its grain size is 30 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 80 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 85%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned piece of accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 90 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 80%, and its grain size is 15 μm.
Further, also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 80 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 55%, and its grain size is 15 μm.To sum up, described carbide coating is composite coating, and can be made up of the fused layer 5 of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, ecto-entad is distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 230 μm.Described ZG270-500 plain steel is pearlite.The hardness on guard rail surface is 2150HV 0.05, wearability is 15 times relative to ZG270-500 steel matrix.
Embodiment 8: the preparation method of guard rail, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.8%.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 3mm.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water,
3rd step surface finish, selects 1200 order Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
2, according to guard rail size, guard rail evaporative pattern 8 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of guard rail, the position of its key wear is rail head and the web of the rail surface of guard rail, accordingly at rail head and the web of the rail surface fixed tungsten plate of guard rail evaporative pattern, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate surface, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.3mm.
3, according to guard rail size, make sand mold 7 with tide mould sand, every case guard rail, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 7 die cavity by guard rail evaporative pattern 8 in the lump together with tungsten plate and graphite paper 1.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and selected plain steel is medium carbon steel 45 steel.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 7 being placed with guard rail mould, tungsten plate and graphite paper 1, pouring temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 45 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate.
6, the complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1120 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 8h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating at guard rail rail head and web of the rail surface, and guard rail matrix is still medium carbon steel 45 steel matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, gained has the guard rail of gradient composite coating, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat-treats at 550 DEG C, and matrix 6 is pearlitic structrure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises WC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its grain size is 40 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 170 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 80%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 170 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its grain size is 25 μm.
Further, also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned piece of accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 280 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 45%, and its grain size is 18 μm.To sum up, described carbide coating is composite coating, and can be made up of the fused layer 5 of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, ecto-entad is distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 630 μm, and described 45 steel plain steels are pearlite.The hardness on guard rail surface is 2300HV 0.05, wearability is 18 times relative to steel matrix.
Embodiment 9: the preparation method of guard rail, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.8%.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 order Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 1.5mm.
2, according to guard rail size, guard rail evaporative pattern 8 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of guard rail, the position of its key wear is rail head and the web of the rail surface of guard rail, accordingly at rail head and the web of the rail surface fixed tungsten plate of guard rail evaporative pattern, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate surface, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.2mm.
3, according to guard rail size, CO is used 2waterglass hardened sand makes sand mold 7, and every case guard rail, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 7 die cavity by guard rail evaporative pattern 8 in the lump together with tungsten plate and graphite paper 1.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and selected plain steel is mild steel Q275A.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 7 being placed with guard rail mould, tungsten plate and graphite paper 1, pouring temperature controls at 1630 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 40 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate.
6, the complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1000 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 4h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating at guard rail rail head and web of the rail surface, and guard rail matrix is still mild steel Q275A matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, gained has the guard rail of gradient composite coating, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat-treats at 450 DEG C, and matrix 6 is bainite structure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises WC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its grain size is 15 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 85%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 80 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 80%, and its grain size is 10 μm.
Further, also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned piece of accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 60 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its grain size is 5 μm.To sum up, described carbide coating is composite coating, and be made up of the fused layer 5 of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, ecto-entad is distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 210 μm.Described Q275A matrix is bainite.The hardness on guard rail surface is 2050HV 0.05, wearability is 12 times relative to steel matrix.
Embodiment 10: the preparation method of guard rail, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a tungsten plate 2, wherein the purity of tungsten should control 99.9%.Described tungsten plate 2 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water,
3rd step surface finish, selects 900 order Al 2o 3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described tungsten plate 2 is at 3mm.
2, according to guard rail size, guard rail evaporative pattern 8 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of guard rail, the position of its key wear is rail head and the web of the rail surface of guard rail, accordingly at rail head and the web of the rail surface fixed tungsten plate of guard rail evaporative pattern, then at the fixing graphite paper 1 in tungsten plate surface, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely.Described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.1mm.
3, according to guard rail size, make sand mold 7 with precoated sand, every case guard rail, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 7 die cavity by guard rail evaporative pattern 8 in the lump together with tungsten plate and graphite paper 1.
4, smelt carbon steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and selected plain steel is medium carbon steel 45 steel.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 7 being placed with guard rail mould, tungsten plate and graphite paper 1, pouring temperature controls at 1620 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 50 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate.
6, the complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1050 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 8h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating at guard rail rail head and web of the rail surface, and guard rail matrix is still medium carbon steel 45 steel matrix.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, gained has the guard rail of gradient composite coating, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat-treats at 350 DEG C, and matrix 6 is bainite structure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises WC dense ceramic layers 3, and be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its grain size is 35 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 180 μm; Wherein the volume fraction of WC is 80%.
Further, comprise the micron WC ceramic layer 4 be positioned under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 170 μm, and the volume fraction of WC is 75%, and its grain size is 20 μm.
Further, also comprise the fused layer 5 being positioned at WC under above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3 and micron WC ceramic layer 4 and matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 280 μm, and wherein the volume fraction of WC is 60%, and its grain size is 12 μm.To sum up, described carbide coating is composite coating, and can be made up of the fused layer 5 of described accurate monocrystalline WC dense ceramic layers 3, micron WC ceramic layer 4 and WC and matrix, ecto-entad is distribution gradient successively, and its gross thickness is 630 μm.Described 45 steel plain steels are bainite.The hardness on guard rail surface is 2200HV 0.05, wearability is 16 times relative to 45 steel matrix.
Comparative example 1, its preparation method is as follows: with laser cladding directly by tungsten carbide particle cladding at steel surface, obtain coating, thickness is 30 μm, and volume fraction is 80%, and the hardness of gained coating is 1650HV 0.05, wearability is 2-3 times relative to steel matrix.
In comparative example, Laser Surface Modification Technology production cost is high, and production efficiency is low, and technological parameter is wayward, and uses bonding agent will cause pore and slag inclusion in use procedure; And there is not WC dense ceramic layers and micron WC ceramic layer in composite bed, composite bed thickness and WC content less, WC particle diameter is larger; Simultaneously, recombination process is only that the gap externally added between hard chromium carbide particles is carried out casting and blended and carry out melting, sintering to additional particle, non-metallurgical binding between hard chromium carbide particles and metallic matrix, adhesion is very weak, particle easily comes off or there is oxidation, Inclusion Problem, therefore, its mechanical property is poor.

Claims (21)

1. a guard rail, its surface has wear-resistant coating, it is characterized in that: described wear-resistant coating is WC dense ceramic layers.
2. guard rail as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: WC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
3. guard rail as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 50-180 μm, is preferably 100-180 μm; Preferably, wherein the volume fraction of WC is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 85%; Preferably, its particle diameter is 10-50 μm, is preferably 20-50 μm.
4. a guard rail, its surface has gradient composite coating, it is characterized in that: described gradient composite coating is carbide coating, comprises the fused layer of the WC dense ceramic layers of distribution gradient successively, micron WC ceramic layer, WC and matrix.
5. guard rail as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: WC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
6. the guard rail as described in claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that: along WC dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, and its thickness is 50-180 μm, is preferably 100-180 μm; Preferably, wherein the volume fraction of WC is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 85%; Preferably, its particle diameter is 10-50 μm, is preferably 20-50 μm.
7. the guard rail as described in one of claim 4-6, it is characterized in that: along micron WC ceramic layer longitudinal profile, its thickness is 70-180 μm, be preferably 130-180 μm, preferably, the volume fraction of WC is greater than 75%, be preferably greater than 80%, preferably, the particle diameter of WC is 5-30 μm, is preferably 6-25 μm.
8. the guard rail as described in one of claim 4-7, it is characterized in that: along the fused layer longitudinal profile of WC and matrix, its thickness is 60-300 μm, preferred 100-300 μm, preferably, wherein the volume fraction of WC is 40%-80%, be preferably 60%-80%, preferably, the particle diameter of WC is 1-20 μm, is preferably 5-10 μm.
9. the guard rail as described in one of claim 4-8, is characterized in that: gradient composite coating gross thickness is 180-660 μm, more preferably at 330-660 μm.
10. the guard rail as described in one of claim 4-9, is characterized in that: matrix is not all one or more in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite according to heat treatment; Preferably, this gradient composite coating is applied in steel surface.
The preparation method of 11. 1 kinds of guard rails as described in one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, guard rail surface has wear-resistant coating, comprises the steps:
1), first prepare a tungsten plate, preferably, wherein the purity of tungsten should control at 99.7-99.99%, and preferably, described tungsten plate thickness is 0.2-3mm; Preferably, tungsten plate is first by addition surface treatment;
2), guard rail evaporative pattern is made according to guard rail size, according to the work force-bearing situation of guard rail, the position of its key wear is rail head and the web of the rail surface of guard rail, accordingly at rail head and the web of the rail surface fixed tungsten plate of guard rail evaporative pattern, then in tungsten plate surface fixed outer carbon source, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely; Preferably, guard rail evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics; Preferably, described external carbon source is graphite paper, and graphite paper is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm;
3), according to guard rail size make sand mold, every case guard rail, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold die cavity by guard rail in the lump together with tungsten plate and external carbon source; Preferably, CO is used 2waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4), carbon steel base material is smelted for molten steel; Preferably, temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C;
5), adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with guard rail mould, tungsten plate and carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C; Preferably, the duration of pouring is that 40-50 is advisable second; More preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, room temperature cooling;
Step 6), the guard rail complex that obtains having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, thus form wear resistant carbide coating on guard rail surface, and guard rail matrix is still plain steel;
Wherein, wear resistant carbide coating is WC dense ceramic layers.
The preparation method of 12. guard rails as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that: WC dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly; Preferably, step 6) in obtain this WC dense ceramic layers by controlling temperature retention time, holding temperature.
The preparation method of 13. 1 kinds of guard rails as described in one of claim 4-10, is characterized in that, guard rail surface has gradient composite coating guard rail, comprises the steps:
1), first prepare a tungsten plate, preferably, wherein the purity of tungsten should control at 99.7-99.99%, and preferably, described tungsten plate thickness is 0.2-3mm; Preferably, tungsten plate 2 is first by addition surface treatment;
2), according to guard rail size, guard rail evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of guard rail, the position of its key wear is rail head and the web of the rail surface of guard rail, accordingly at rail head and the web of the rail surface fixed tungsten plate of guard rail evaporative pattern, then in tungsten plate surface fixed outer carbon source, itself and tungsten plate are combined closely; Preferably, guard rail evaporative pattern is made with polystyrene foam plastics;
3), according to guard rail size make sand mold, every case guard rail, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold die cavity by guard rail in the lump together with tungsten plate and external carbon source; Preferably, CO is used 2waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4), carbon steel base material is smelted for molten steel; Preferably, temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C;
5), adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with guard rail mould, tungsten plate and carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining guard rail matrix is plain steel, and guard rail working surface is the complex of carbon steel and tungsten plate; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1610-1630 DEG C; Preferably, the duration of pouring is that 40-50 is advisable second; More preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, room temperature cooling;
6) the guard rail complex, by having cast obtained puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, thus forms gradient composite coating at guard rail rail head and web of the rail surface, and guard rail matrix is still plain steel;
7), the guard rail with gradient composite coating of gained by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix.
The preparation method of 14. guard rails as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that: by rate-determining steps 6) in temperature retention time, holding temperature obtain this gradient composite coating and carbide coating, described carbide coating comprises the fused layer of the accurate monocrystalline phase WC dense ceramic layers of distribution gradient successively, micron WC ceramic layer, WC and matrix.
The preparation method of 15. guard rails as claimed in claim 14, is characterized in that: holding temperature, temperature retention time and the gross thickness of gradient composite coating that finally can obtain meet following formula,
L＝kTlogt 1/2+b 0
Wherein:
The gross thickness (μm) of L---gradient composite coating,
K---be constant, value is 0-1, k ≠ 0,
T---reaction temperature (K),
T---the reaction time (s),
B 0---reaction original depth (μm), the thickness of the composite bed formed after namely molten steel is poured into a mould and between tungsten plate.
The preparation method of 16. guard rails as described in one of claim 13-15, is characterized in that: described step 1) in, surface-treated step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L or the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L or 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L or the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L or 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 orders or thinner Al2O3 sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
The preparation method of 17. guard rails as described in one of claim 13-16, is characterized in that: described step 2) in external carbon source be graphite paper; Preferably, described graphite paper 1 is more than three grades, purity 99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm.
The preparation method of 18. guard rails as described in one of claim 13-17, is characterized in that: described step 6) in, be warming up to 1000-1140 DEG C of insulation, preferably, programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min, and temperature retention time is 2-8h, preferred 4-8h.
The preparation method of 19. guard rails as described in one of claim 13-18, is characterized in that: selected plain steel is mild steel, medium carbon steel or high-carbon steel.
The preparation method of 20. guard rails as described in one of claim 13-19, it is characterized in that: described protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen, gas flow is 4-8ml/min.
The preparation method of 21. guard rails as described in one of claim 13-20, is characterized in that: described step 7) in heat treatment step be: heat-treat at 800-550 DEG C, matrix is pearlitic structrure; Or heat-treat at 220-450 DEG C, matrix is bainite structure; Or heat-treat below 220 DEG C, matrix is martensitic structure.
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