CN104520158A - 用于控制车辆的驱动***的方法、驱动***、计算机程序、计算机程序制品以及车辆 - Google Patents
用于控制车辆的驱动***的方法、驱动***、计算机程序、计算机程序制品以及车辆 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104520158A CN104520158A CN201380039827.7A CN201380039827A CN104520158A CN 104520158 A CN104520158 A CN 104520158A CN 201380039827 A CN201380039827 A CN 201380039827A CN 104520158 A CN104520158 A CN 104520158A
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- planetary wheel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
一种用于控制车辆的驱动***的方法。所述驱动***包括具有输出轴(2a)的燃式发动机(2)、具有输入轴(3a)的变速箱(3)、包括定子(9a)和转子(9b)的电机(9)、以及包括太阳轮(10)、齿圈(11)和行星轮架(12)的行星齿轮。燃式发动机包括活动状态和非活动状态。驱动***包括制动装置(28),所述制动装置包括活动状态和被动状态。行星齿轮包括释放状态和锁定状态。所述方法包括将行星齿轮设置到释放状态、将燃式发动机设置到非活动状态、将制动装置设置到活动状态,并且接收与用于车辆运行的所需转矩有关的信息,其中,电机被控制,以使得所需转矩被提供,同时维持燃式发动机处于非活动状态、制动装置处于活动状态并且行星齿轮处于释放状态。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于控制车辆(尤其是混合动力车辆)的驱动***的方法。所述驱动***包括具有输出轴的燃式发动机、具有输入轴的变速箱、包括定子和转子的电机、以及包括太阳轮、齿圈和行星轮架的行星齿轮。
燃式发动机的输出轴与行星齿轮的所述第一部件连接以使得它们作为一单元以第一转速旋转。变速箱的输入轴与行星齿轮的所述第二部件连接以使得它们作为一单元以第二转速旋转。电机的转子与行星齿轮的所述第三部件连接以使得所述第三部件以第三转速旋转。
驱动***包括控制单元,所述控制单元配置成控制电机以使得电机向行星齿轮的第三部件提供转速,所述转速与燃式发动机的输出轴的转速一起导致变速箱的输入轴接收请求转速。燃式发动机包括怠速状态和活动状态,其中,怠速状态下的转速比活动状态下的转速低。
本发明还涉及根据上述用于车辆的驱动***。
背景技术
混合动力车辆能够通过主要发动机(能够是燃式发动机)和次要发动机(能够是电机)而运行。电机配备有用于存储电能的至少一个蓄能器和用于控制电池与电机之间的电能流动的控制装置。由此,电机能够依赖于车辆运行状况交替地用作电动机和发电机。当车辆减速时,电机产生被存储在蓄能器中的电能。被存储的电能后来被用于车辆运行。电机能够在车辆中设置到离合器机构与变速箱之间的位置。出于空间限制的原因,适于将电机直接与变速箱的输入轴连接。
利用在变速箱中的变速期间将变速箱的输入轴与燃式发动机脱离连接的传统离合器机构存在不利之处。当车辆从停驻位置起动时,离合器机构的盘朝向彼此滑行。因此,盘被加热。这种加热导致油耗增加以及离合器盘的磨损加大。传统离合器机构还相对沉重且昂贵。传统离合器机构也需要在车辆中相对大的空间。
传统驱动***如此设置以使得其仅提供少量的运转模式,所述运转模式为车辆运行的主要负载配置。借助于控制燃式发动机和电机,基于车辆的主要运转状况并且就将车辆的电池的充电级别维持在某个级别而言地控制车辆运行。燃式发动机导致噪音和释放废气,期望在某些条件下避免这种情况。例如,当在建筑物(诸如,公共汽车站、车库等等)内部驱动车辆时、或在对噪音和废气的释放的要求与在车辆的普通运转的情况下相比更高的区域驱动车辆时。在某些条件下也期望在短期内减少车辆油耗。
文献US 6,354,974公开一种用于混合动力车辆的驱动***。所述混合动力车辆包括燃式发动机和设置到燃式发动机的输出轴上的电机。目的在于在此形成无需利用传统离合器机构的紧凑驱动单元。传统离合器机构已经由行星齿轮和三件摩擦离合器代替。不同运转模式能够借助于摩擦离合器形成以用于车辆。摩擦离合器的使用导致能量损耗。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的在于提供用于控制车辆的驱动***的方法,其目的在于允许在不许可或不期望来自燃式发动机的噪音和废气级别的环境下驱动车辆、并且以与现有技术相比更高的转矩被驱动。本发明的第二目的在于提供用于控制驱动***以使得暂时终止油耗的方法。本发明的第三目的在于提供用于控制驱动***的方法,所述方法导致与现有技术相比更低的能量损耗。
这些目的通过先前提及的所述方法实现,其特征在于,驱动***包括制动装置(28),所述制动装置包括防止燃式发动机(2)旋转的活动状态和允许燃式发动机(2)旋转的被动状态,燃式发动机的输出轴连接到太阳轮以使得燃式发动机的输出轴和太阳轮作为一单元以第一转速旋转,变速箱的输入轴连接到行星轮架以使得变速箱的输入轴和行星轮架作为一单元以第二转速旋转,并且电机的转子连接到齿圈以使得齿圈以第三转速旋转,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-将行星齿轮设置到释放状态,将燃式发动机设置到活动状态,并且将制动装置设置到活动状态,
-接收与用于车辆运行的所需转矩有关的信息,并且
-控制电机以使得提供所需转矩,同时将燃式发动机维持在非活动状态、将制动装置维持在活动状态并且将行星齿轮维持在释放状态。
通过将燃式发动机设置到非活动状态、将制动装置设置到活动状态并且将行星齿轮设置到释放状态,并且在此之后唯一地借助于电机驱动车辆,来自车辆的噪音和废气被减少。燃式发动机在纯电驱动时是非活动的并且车辆仅由电机运转。在这种驱动模式下,电机将根据行星齿轮的传动比加档,以使得电机的转矩加档到较强的转矩,并且电机的转速降档。这是优选的,因为这提供变速箱中的较高转矩,由于电机的较高转速,这有助于在电机的最大动力范围内使用电机。电机的较高转速也有利于减少电机中的能量损耗。将制动装置设置到活动状态的目的在于在电机唯一地提供用于车辆运行的转矩时防止燃式发动机与电机一起旋转。燃式发动机借助于制动装置的活动状态而维持停顿或主要是停顿。存在的风险是,燃式发动机在燃式发动机与电机一起旋转的情况下损坏,尤其因为在活动状态下电机的转速比燃式发动机的转速更大。
借助于所述方法,电机允许车辆独立于燃式发动机并且不受到燃式发动机限制地运转。因此,可以使用用于车辆运行的较高的电机转速,这导致与较低转速相比更小的能量损耗。
燃式发动机的输出轴连接到太阳轮、变速箱的输入轴连接到行星轮架以及电机的转子连接到齿圈的配置方式赋予的优点是,燃式发动机能够在无需锁定行星轮架的情况下被锁定在停驻状态。因此,行星轮架可以自由旋转并且由此不会受到由于对行星齿轮轴的同一点进行加载而产生的疲劳损伤,所述疲劳损伤在行星轮架锁定而不能旋转的情况下出现。
根据本发明的实施方式,当行星齿轮设置到锁定状态时,行星轮架和太阳轮彼此锁定,并且当行星齿轮设置到释放状态时,行星轮架和太阳轮从彼此释放。
根据本发明的实施方式,变速箱包括至少一个前进档位和至少一个倒车档位,所述方法包括:
-接收与车辆是否处于停顿状态或可移动状态有关的信息,
-如果车辆处于停顿状态,则将行星齿轮设置到释放状态、将燃式发动机设置到非活动状态并且将制动装置设置到活动状态,并且
-将变速箱设置到前进档位,并且控制电机以使得产生正向转矩,或
-将变速箱设置到倒车档位,并且控制电机以使得产生反向转矩。
所述方法包括当燃式发动机稍后起动时,优选将变速箱从停顿状态设置到前进档位、并且控制电机以使得产生正向转矩。所述方法包括当燃式发动机稍后起动时,优选将变速箱从停顿状态设置到倒车档位,并且控制电机以使得产生反向转矩。
根据本发明的实施方式,所述方法包括:
-接收与车辆是否处于停顿状态或可移动状态有关的信息,
-如果车辆处于可移动状态,则在将行星齿轮设置到释放状态之前,将制动装置设置到活动状态直到燃式发动机处于停驻位置或主要是停驻位置。借助于在行星齿轮打开之前首先将燃式发动机减速到停驻位置,确保电机不能使燃式发动机旋转。
根据本发明的实施方式,所述方法包括:
-借助于终止对燃式发动机的燃料供给而将燃式发动机设置到非活动状态。
根据本发明的实施方式,所述方法包括:
-如果在驱动车辆时所需转矩为反向并且如果期望唯一地通过电机使车辆运行,则借助于终止向燃式发动机的燃料供给而将燃式发动机设置到非活动状态,并且将制动装置设置到活动状态。借助于终止向燃式发动机的燃料供给和将制动装置设置到活动状态,燃式发动机迅速减速到停驻位置。优选地,基本与此同时实施的是终止燃料供给和将制动装置设置到活动状态。
根据本发明的实施方式,变速箱包括至少一个前进档位和至少一个倒车档位,所述方法包括:
-将行星齿轮设置到释放状态、将燃式发动机设置到非活动状态、并且将制动装置设置到活动状态,
-如果在驱动车辆时所需转矩为反向,则借助于终止向燃式发动机的燃料供给和将变速箱设置到倒车档位而将燃式发动机设置到非活动状态。借助于终止向燃式发动机的燃料供给和将变速箱设置到倒车档位,燃式发动机迅速地减速到停驻位置。优选地,与此同时实施的是终止燃料的供给和将变速箱设置到倒车档位。
根据本发明的实施方式,变速箱包括至少一个前进档位和至少一个倒车档位,所述方法包括:
-将行星齿轮设置到锁定状态、将燃式发动机设置到终止状态、并且将制动装置设置到活动状态,
-如果在驱动车辆时所需转矩为反向,则借助于终止向燃式发动机的燃料供给和将变速箱设置到倒车档位而将燃式发动机设置到非活动状态。借助于终止向燃式发动机的燃料供给和将变速箱设置到倒车档位,燃式发动机迅速地减速到停驻位置。优选地,与此同时实施的是终止燃料的供给和将变速箱设置到倒车档位。
本发明的第四目的在于提供用于控制驱动***以使得油耗在某些条件下减少的方法。第四目的借助于本发明的实施方式实现,其中,驱动***包括用于确定用于使电机运转的电池的充电级别的装置,其中,所述方法通过下述步骤启动:
-接收与电池的充电级别有关的信息,
-确定电池的充电级别是否超过第一级别,
-如果电池的充电级别超过第一级别,则实施所述方法中的后续步骤,否则所述方法结束。
基于电池的充电级别启动运转模式。如果电池的充电级别超过第一级别,则在电机唯一地运转车辆的情况下启动运转。电池的第一充电级别优选地是对应于电池基本完全充电的级别,在这种情况下,优选唯一地借助于电机最初使车辆运行。
根据本发明的实施方式,驱动***包括用于确定电池的充电级别的装置,所述充电级别用于电机的运转,其中,所述方法包括:
-接收与电池的充电级别有关的信息,
-确定电池的充电级别是否比第二级别低,
-如果电池的充电级别比第二级别低,则所述方法结束,否则所述方法继续。
所述方法基于电池的充电级别而结束。如果电池的充电级别比第二级别低,则运转模式在电机唯一地运转车辆的情况下结束。第二电池的充电级别优选是在必须借助于由燃式发动机产生的能量将电池充电的情况下的级别。
本发明也涉及先前提及的驱动***。驱动***的特征在于,驱动***包括制动装置和控制单元,所述制动装置包括防止燃式发动机旋转的活动状态和允许燃式发动机旋转的被动状态,并且所述控制单元配置成将行星齿轮设置到释放状态、将制动装置设置到活动状态、以及将燃式发动机设置到非活动状态,并且控制单元配置成基于所需转矩而控制电机同时将燃式发动机维持在非活动状态、将制动装置维持在活动状态并且将行星齿轮维持在释放状态,燃式发动机的输出轴(2a)连接到太阳轮(10)以使得燃式发动机的输出轴和太阳轮作为一单元以第一转速(n1)旋转,变速箱的输入轴(3a)连接到行星轮架(12)以使得变速箱的输入轴和行星轮架作为一单元以第二转速(n2)旋转、并且电机的转子(9b)连接到齿圈(11)以使得齿圈(11)以第三转速(n3)旋转。
根据本发明的实施方式,当行星齿轮设置到锁定状态时,行星轮架和太阳轮彼此锁定,并且当行星齿轮设置到释放状态时,行星轮架和太阳轮从彼此释放。
根据本发明的实施方式,制动装置作用在以下中的任一上:燃式发动机的飞轮、与行星齿轮连接的轴以及行星齿轮的所述部件中的第三部件。优选制动装置作用在燃式发动机的飞轮上。
根据本发明的实施方式,制动装置包括用于控制燃式发动机上或与燃式发动机连接的部件上的制动力的转矩的装置。根据本发明的实施方式,制动装置是弹簧加载的制动器。
根据本发明的实施方式,制动装置配置成在第一位置与第二位置之间移位,制动装置在第一位置与燃式发动机或与燃式发动机连接的部件接合,而制动装置在第二位置与燃式发动机或连接到燃式发动机的部件不接触。
根据本发明的实施方式,制动装置包括锁定销。锁定销能够锁定燃式发动机的旋转。优选地,锁定销作用在燃式发动机的飞轮上。
根据本发明的实施方式,驱动***包括用于确定用于使电机运转的电池的充电级别的装置,其中,控制单元配置成将燃式发动机设置到非活动状态、将制动装置设置到活动状态并且将行星齿轮设置到释放状态,控制单元配置成在电池的充电级别超过第一级别的状况下控制电机。
根据本发明的实施方式,驱动***包括用于确定电池的充电级别的装置,所述充电级别用于电机的运转,其中,控制单元配置成在电池的充电级别比第二级别低的状况下将燃式发动机设置到活动状态、将制动装置设置到被动状态并且将行星齿轮设置到锁定状态。
附图说明
以下将参考附图描述本发明的作为实施例的优选实施方式,在附图中:
图1a公开根据本发明的用于车辆运行的驱动***,
图1b详细地公开图1中的驱动***,
图2公开根据本发明的第一实施方式的用于控制驱动***的方法的流程图,
图3公开根据本发明的第二实施方式的用于控制驱动***的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1a公开用于重型车辆1的传动系。传动系包括燃式发动机2、变速箱3、多个驱动轴4以及驱动轮5。传动系在燃式发动机2与变速箱3之间包括的中间部分6。
图1b详细地公开中间部分6中的部件。在中间部分6中,燃式发动机2设有输出轴2a,而变速箱3设有输入轴3a。燃式发动机的输出轴2a相对于变速箱的输入轴3a同轴地设置。燃式发动机的输出轴2a和变速箱的输入轴3a设置成围绕轴线7可旋转地设置。中间部分6包括包封电机9和行星齿轮的壳体8。电机9以惯常方式包括定子9a和转子9b。定子9a包括以适当的方式附接在壳体8的内侧上的定子芯。定子芯包括定子的绕组。电机9配置成在某些运转模式期间利用被存储的电能向变速箱的输入轴3a提供动力,并且在其他运转模式期间利用变速箱的输入轴3a的动能产生且存储电能。
行星齿轮在电机的定子9a和转子9b的内侧基本径向地设置。行星齿轮以惯常方式包括太阳轮10、齿圈11以及行星轮架12。行星轮架12携载多个嵌齿轮13,所述多个嵌齿轮在太阳轮10的嵌齿与齿圈11的嵌齿之间的径向空间中可旋转地设置。太阳轮10附接在燃式发动机的输出轴2a的周边表面上。太阳轮10和燃式发动机的输出轴2a作为一单元以第一转速n1旋转。行星轮架12包括附接部分12a,所述附接部分借助于花键附接件14附接在变速箱的输入轴3a的周边表面上。借助于这个附接件,行星轮架12和变速箱的输入轴3a可以作为一单元以第二转速n2旋转。齿圈11包括外周边表面,转子9b附接在所述外周边表面上。转子9b和齿圈11包括可旋转单元,所述可旋转单元以第三转速n3旋转。
驱动***也包括锁定装置,所述锁定装置配置成使行星齿轮在释放状态与锁定状态之间转换,在释放状态,太阳轮10、齿圈11和行星轮架12能够相对于彼此自由地旋转,而在锁定状态,行星轮架12和太阳轮10彼此锁定。锁定装置配置成在锁定状态下将齿圈11和行星轮架12连接在一起,以使得它们一起旋转。
锁定状态与释放状态之间的改变包括将电机9和燃式发动机2控制成相互无转矩的状况,并且在此之后将锁定装置移位成与齿圈11和行星轮架12脱离或接合。
锁定装置包括在燃式发动机的输出轴2a上的可移位连接构件15。连接构件15借助于花键附接件16附接在燃式发动机的输出轴2a上。在这种情况下,连接构件15不可扭转地附接在燃式发动机的输出轴2a上,并且沿在燃式发动机的输出轴2a上的轴向方向可移位地设置。连接构件15包括能够与行星轮架12的连接部12b相连接的连接部分15a。锁定装置还包括移位部件17,所述移位部件配置成使连接构件15在当连接部分15a、12b彼此未接合时的释放状态与当连接部分15a、12b彼此接合时的锁定状态之间移位。当连接部分15a、12b彼此接合时,燃式发动机的输出轴2和变速箱的输入轴3将以同一转速旋转。
一个电子控制单元18或结合在一起的多个电子控制单元18配置成控制移位部件17。控制单元18也配置成确定在哪些状况下电机9将用作电动机以及在哪些状况下电机将用作发电机。为了作此决定,控制单元18能够接收与合适的运转参数有关的即时信息。控制单元18能够是具有为此目的的合适软件的计算机。控制单元18也控制示意性公开的控制设备19,所述示意性公开的控制设备控制蓄能器20与电机的定子9a之间的电能流动。当电机用作发电机时,电能从定子9a向蓄能器20提供。蓄能器20传递和存储具有电压范围在300-700伏之间的电能。电机9和行星齿轮必须构成紧凑单元,因为在车辆中,燃式发动机2与变速箱3之间的中间部分6的尺寸受限。行星齿轮的部件10-12在此于电机的定子9a的内侧上基本径向地设置。电机的转子9b、行星齿轮的齿圈11、燃式发动机的输出轴2a以及变速箱的输入轴3a在此围绕共同旋转轴线5可旋转地设置。通过这种设置方式,电机9和行星齿轮需要相对较小的空间。
车辆包括24伏的电池21以用于起动燃式发动机2和操作车辆1中的辅助设备。在重型车辆1中,使用具有相对较高容量的24伏的电池21。24伏的电池21能够借助于电导体和连接机构23连接到电机的定子9a。电连接器包括在24伏的电池21与连接机构23之间的直流-直流变流器22。直流-直流变流器22具有这样的能力,即,将从电机的定子9a传导的电能转变成存在于24伏的电池21中的电压级别,所述定子传递具有与蓄能器20相同电压的电能。直流-直流变流器22可以优选是双向类型。由此,直流-直流变流器也可以按需要将电能从24伏的电池20传导到电机的定子7。当电能沿这个方向传导时,直流-直流变流器将具有24伏电压的电能转变成蓄能器的更高的电压。
驱动***还包括制动装置28,所述制动装置包括活动状态和被动状态。制动装置28包括制动构件,所述制动构件配置成作用在驱动***的部件上,以使得燃式发动机的输出轴2a在活动状态下被减速到停驻位置,燃式发动机的输出轴2a在所述停驻位置被防止与电机一起选择。制动构件在被动状态下与驱动***的部件缺少接触。
制动装置28防止燃式发动机的输出轴2a在行星齿轮处于释放状态时随着电机9的旋转而旋转,并且车辆运行唯一地借助于电机9产生。
制动构件能够在第一与第二位置之间移位。制动构件在第一位置与燃式发动机2或连接到燃式发动机2的部件接合。制动构件在第二位置与燃式发动机2或连接到燃式发动机2的部件缺少接触。优选地,制动构件在第一位置与燃式发动机2的飞轮接合。
将详细地参考图2-4说明本发明的方法。借助于控制单元18控制所述方法的步骤。
图2公开根据本发明的第一实施方式的方法。所述方法在步骤110中通过将行星齿轮设置到释放状态、将燃式发动机2设置到活动状态、以及将制动装置28设置到活动状态而开始。驱动***借助于步骤110配置成唯一地借助于电机9操作。电机9在这种运转模式下将根据行星齿轮的传动比加档以使得电机的转矩加档到较强的转矩,并且电机的转速降档,这导致获得变速箱中的较高转矩,这使得可以以电机最大的动力范围使用电机9并且导致电机9的能量损耗减小。
在步骤120中,控制单元18接收与用于车辆运行所需的转矩有关的信息,并且在步骤130中,控制单元控制电机9以使得所需转矩唯一地借助于电机9提供。
在步骤140中,确定车辆运行是否继续唯一地借助于电机9。如果期望唯一地借助于电机9继续运行,则所述方法从步骤120重复,否则所述方法在步骤150中通过将燃式发动机2设置到活动状态并且将制动装置28设置到被动状态而结束。
图3公开根据本发明的第二实施方式的方法。第二实施方式与第一实施方式的不同之处在于:如何唯一地借助于电机9启动和结束运转的状况。
所述方法在步骤102中通过接收与给电机9提供电能的电池20的充电级别有关的信息而启动。在步骤105中,确定充电级别是否超过第一级别。如果充电级别超过第一级别,则所述方法根据步骤120-150继续。如果另一方面充电级别未超过第一级别,则所述方法结束。
所述方法在步骤132中通过接收与给电机9提供电能的电池20的充电级别有关的信息而结束。在步骤135中,确定充电级别是否比第二级别低。如果充电级别比第二级别低,则所述方法在步骤150中以与在图2中相同的方式结束。如果另一方面充电级别不比第二级别低,则所述方法根据步骤120-135继续。
在唯一地借助于电机9运转时,燃式发动机2必须被减速/锁定,以使得来自行星齿轮的反作用转矩不会使得燃式发动机向前或向后旋转。继而对于燃式发动机2旋转多快没有限制,并且燃式发动机2可能损坏。而且,摩擦损耗将在燃式发动机2中形成。
燃式发动机2的制动能够通过可控制动装置28实现,所述可控制动装置是转矩式控制的、具有恒定制动转矩的弹簧加载型制动装置28或任何类型的锁定销。制动装置28能够作用在燃式发动机的飞轮上、作用在行星齿轮的轴上或作用在行星齿轮的太阳轮上。
存在多种方式转换到纯电驱动。从停驻位置,变速箱借助于燃式发动机2减速并且使行星齿轮处于释放状态而设置在前进档位,其中电机9被控制成正向转矩。当需要在行驶期间在不同档位之间选择时,这种模式是优选的。替代地,在停顿状态,变速箱借助于燃式发动机2减速、使行星齿轮处于释放状态而设置在倒车档位,其中电机9被控制成反向转矩。当燃式发动机稍后起动时,这种驱动模式是优选的。
存在多种方式转换到纯电驱动。从车辆在行星齿轮处于锁定状态的情况下驱动的位置,燃式发动机2通过将行星齿轮设置到释放状态而减速直到停止。在正向传动系转矩下,燃式发动机2优选通过终止将燃料供给到发动机中而减速到停驻位置。在反向传动系转矩下,燃式发动机2优选通过终止燃料供给并且施加制动装置28而减速到停驻位置、替代地通过变速到倒车档并且终止供给燃料而减速到停驻位置。同样的方法从车辆在行星齿轮处于开放状态的情况下驱动的位置也是可以的,不同之处在于不再需要改变行星齿轮。
本发明并非受限于所公开的实施方式,而是可以在以下权利要求的框架内修改和变化。例如可以将两个实施方式中的特征结合成独立的实施方式。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于控制车辆的驱动***的方法,所述驱动***包括具有输出轴(2a)的燃式发动机(2)、具有输入轴(3a)的变速箱(3)、包括定子(9a)和转子(9b)的电机(9)、以及包括呈太阳轮(10)、齿圈(11)和行星轮架(12)形式的三个部件的行星齿轮,其中,燃式发动机的输出轴(2a)与行星齿轮的所述部件中的第一部件连接以使得输出轴的旋转导致所述第一部件的旋转,变速箱的输入轴(3a)与行星齿轮的所述部件中的第二部件连接以使得输入轴的旋转导致所述第二部件的旋转,并且电机的转子(9b)与行星齿轮的所述部件中的第三部件连接以使得转子的旋转导致所述第三部件的旋转,以及驱动***还包括能够在锁定状态与释放状态之间转移的锁定装置,其中所述部件中的两个在锁定状态锁定在一起以使得三个部件(10-12)以同一转速旋转,而所述部件在释放状态被允许以不同转速旋转,其中燃式发动机(2)包括活动状态和非活动状态,
其特征在于,
驱动***包括制动装置(28),所述制动装置包括防止燃式发动机(2)旋转的活动状态和允许燃式发动机(2)旋转的被动状态,燃式发动机的输出轴(2a)连接到太阳轮(10)以使得燃式发动机的输出轴和太阳轮作为一单元以第一转速(n1)旋转,变速箱的输入轴(3a)连接到行星轮架(12)以使得变速箱的输入轴和行星轮架作为一单元以第二转速(n2)旋转,并且电机的转子(9b)连接到齿圈(11)以使得齿圈(11)以第三转速(n3)旋转,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-将行星齿轮设置到释放状态、将燃式发动机(2)设置到非活动状态、并且将制动装置(28)设置到活动状态,
-接收与用于车辆运行的所需转矩相关的信息,并且
-控制电机(9)以使得提供所需转矩,同时将燃式发动机(2)维持在非活动状态、将制动装置(28)维持在活动状态并且将行星齿轮维持在释放状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于控制驱动***的方法,其中,当行星齿轮设置到锁定状态时,行星轮架(12)和太阳轮(10)彼此锁定,并且当行星齿轮设置到释放状态时,行星轮架(12)和太阳轮(10)从彼此释放。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一所述的用于控制驱动***的方法,其中,所述方法包括:
-借助于终止向燃式发动机(2)的燃料供给而将燃式发动机(2)设置到非活动状态。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一所述的用于控制驱动***的方法,其中,所述方法包括:
-如果所需转矩在驱动车辆时为反向并且如果期望借助于电机使车辆运行,则借助于终止向燃式发动机(2)的燃料供给而将燃式发动机(2)设置到非活动状态。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一所述的用于控制驱动***的方法,其中,变速箱(3)包括至少一个前进档位和至少一个倒车档位,所述方法包括:
-接收与车辆是否处于停顿状态或可移动状态有关的信息,
-如果车辆处于停顿状态,则将行星齿轮设置到释放状态、将燃式发动机(2)设置到非活动状态、并且将制动装置设置到活动状态,并且
-将变速箱设置到前进档位,并且控制电机以产生正向转矩,或
-将变速箱设置到倒车档位,并且控制电机以产生反向转矩。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一所述的用于控制驱动***的方法,其中,驱动***包括用于确定用于电池(20)的充电级别的装置,所述电池用于电机(9)的运转,其中,所述方法通过以下步骤启动:
-接收与电池(20)的充电级别有关的信息,
-确定电池(20)的充电级别是否超过第一级别,
-如果电池(20)的充电级别超过第一级别,则实施所述方法的剩余步骤,否则所述方法结束。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一所述的用于控制驱动***的方法,其中,驱动***包括用于确定用于使电机(9)运转的电池(20)的充电级别的装置,其中,所述方法包括:
-接收与电池(20)的充电级别有关的信息,
-确定电池(20)的充电级别是否比第二级别低,
-如果电池(20)的充电级别比第二级别低,则所述方法结束,否则所述方法继续。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一所述的用于控制驱动***的方法,其中,所述方法通过以下步骤结束:
-将制动装置(28)设置到被动状态,并且将燃式发动机(2)设置到活动状态。
9.一种用于车辆的驱动***,所述驱动***包括具有输出轴(2a)的燃式发动机(2)、具有输入轴(3a)的变速箱(3)、包括定子(9a)和转子(9b)的电机(9)、以及包括呈太阳轮(10)、齿圈(11)和行星轮架(12)形式的三个部件的行星齿轮,其中,燃式发动机的输出轴(2a)与行星齿轮的所述部件中的第一部件连接以使得输出轴的旋转导致所述第一部件的旋转,变速箱的输入轴(3a)与行星齿轮的所述部件中的第二部件连接以使得输入轴的旋转导致所述第二部件的旋转,并且电机的转子(9b)与行星齿轮的所述部件中的第三部件连接以使得转子的旋转导致所述第三部件的旋转,以及驱动***还包括能够在锁定状态与释放状态之间转移的锁定装置,其中所述部件中的两个在锁定状态锁定在一起以使得三个部件(10-12)以同一转速旋转,而所述部件在释放状态被允许以不同转速旋转,其中,燃式发动机(2)包括活动状态和非活动状态,
其特征在于,
驱动***包括制动装置(28),所述制动装置包括防止燃式发动机(2)旋转的活动状态和允许燃式发动机(2)旋转的被动状态,并且控制单元(18)配置成将行星齿轮设置到释放状态、将制动装置(28)设置到活动状态、并且将燃式发动机(2)设置到非活动状态,并且控制单元配置成基于所需转矩控制电机(9),同时将燃式发动机(2)维持在非活动状态、将制动装置(28)维持在活动状态并且将行星齿轮维持在释放状态,燃式发动机的输出轴(2a)连接到太阳轮(10)以使得燃式发动机的输出轴和太阳轮作为一单元以第一转速(n1)旋转,变速箱的输入轴(3a)连接到行星轮架(12)以使得变速箱的输入轴和行星轮架作为一单元以第二转速(n2)旋转,并且电机的转子(9b)连接到齿圈(11)以使得齿圈(11)以第三转速(n3)旋转。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用于车辆的驱动***,其中,当行星齿轮设置到锁定状态时,行星轮架(12)和太阳轮(10)彼此锁定,并且当行星齿轮设置到释放状态时,行星轮架(12)和太阳轮(10)从彼此释放。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的用于车辆的驱动***,其中,制动装置(28)作用在以下部件中的任一上:燃式发动机(2)的飞轮、与行星齿轮连接的轴以及行星齿轮的所述部件中的第三部件(11)。
12.根据权利要求9-11中任一所述的用于车辆的驱动***,其中,制动装置(28)包括制动构件,所述制动构件配置成在第一位置与第二位置之间移位,制动构件在第一位置与燃式发动机(2)或连接到燃式发动机(2)的部件接合,而制动构件在第二位置与燃式发动机(2)或连接到燃式发动机(2)的部件没有接触。
13.根据权利要求9-12中任一所述的用于车辆的驱动***,其中,驱动***包括用于确定用于使电机(9)运转的电池(20)的充电级别的装置,其中,控制单元(18)配置成将燃式发动机(2)设置到非活动状态、将制动装置(28)设置到活动状态并且将行星齿轮设置到释放状态,并且控制单元配置成在电池(20)的充电级别超过第一级别的状况下控制电机(9)。
14.根据权利要求9-13中任一所述的用于车辆的驱动***,其中,驱动***包括用于确定用于使电机(9)运转的电池(20)的充电级别的装置,其中,控制单元(18)配置成在电池(20)的充电级别比第二级别低的状况下将燃式发动机(2)设置到活动状态、将制动装置(28)设置到被动状态、并且将行星齿轮设置到锁定状态。
15.一种计算机程序,其包括用于在计算机程序代码在计算机中执行时允许计算机实施根据权利要求1-8中任一所述的方法的计算机程序代码。
16.一种计算机程序制品,其包括计算机可读的数据存储介质,其中,根据权利要求15所述的计算机程序的计算机程序代码被存储在数据存储介质上。
17.一种包括根据权利要求9-14中任一所述的驱动***的车辆。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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SE1250710-9 | 2012-06-27 | ||
SE1250710A SE536641C2 (sv) | 2012-06-27 | 2012-06-27 | Förfarande för styrning av ett drivsystem hos ett fordon, ett drivsystem, ett datorprogram, en datorprogramprodukt och ett fordon |
PCT/SE2013/050789 WO2014003670A1 (en) | 2012-06-27 | 2013-06-26 | Method for controlling a drive system of a vehicle, a drive system, a computer program, a computer program product and a vehicle |
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CN104520158A true CN104520158A (zh) | 2015-04-15 |
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EP (1) | EP2867088B1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101735720B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104520158A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112014031878A2 (zh) |
IN (1) | IN2014DN10796A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2615645C2 (zh) |
SE (1) | SE536641C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2014003670A1 (zh) |
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WO2015099594A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2015-07-02 | Scania Cv Ab | Propulsion system for a vehicle |
SE1451656A1 (sv) | 2013-12-23 | 2015-06-24 | Scania Cv Ab | Förfarande för försörjning av elektriska aggregat hos fordon |
US9937920B2 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2018-04-10 | Scania Cv Ab | Propulsion system for a vehicle |
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SE538735C2 (sv) | 2014-03-20 | 2016-11-08 | Scania Cv Ab | Förfarande för att styra en hybriddrivlina för att optimera bränsleförbrukningen |
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-
2012
- 2012-06-27 SE SE1250710A patent/SE536641C2/sv unknown
-
2013
- 2013-06-26 US US14/411,135 patent/US9327716B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-06-26 EP EP13809239.0A patent/EP2867088B1/en active Active
- 2013-06-26 RU RU2015102445A patent/RU2615645C2/ru active
- 2013-06-26 KR KR1020157001803A patent/KR101735720B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-06-26 IN IN10796DEN2014 patent/IN2014DN10796A/en unknown
- 2013-06-26 CN CN201380039827.7A patent/CN104520158A/zh active Pending
- 2013-06-26 BR BR112014031878A patent/BR112014031878A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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EP2867088B1 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
IN2014DN10796A (zh) | 2015-09-04 |
WO2014003670A1 (en) | 2014-01-03 |
SE536641C2 (sv) | 2014-04-22 |
US9327716B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
RU2015102445A (ru) | 2016-08-10 |
BR112014031878A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
SE1250710A1 (sv) | 2013-12-28 |
RU2615645C2 (ru) | 2017-04-06 |
KR20150024904A (ko) | 2015-03-09 |
US20150375734A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
KR101735720B1 (ko) | 2017-05-29 |
EP2867088A1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
EP2867088A4 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
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