CN104507727A - 驱动***和车辆驱动方法 - Google Patents

驱动***和车辆驱动方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104507727A
CN104507727A CN201380039888.3A CN201380039888A CN104507727A CN 104507727 A CN104507727 A CN 104507727A CN 201380039888 A CN201380039888 A CN 201380039888A CN 104507727 A CN104507727 A CN 104507727A
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China
Prior art keywords
motor
combustion engine
vehicle
energy storage
planetary gear
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Pending
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CN201380039888.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
N·彼得松
M·贝里奎斯特
A·谢尔
M·比约克曼
J·林德斯特伦
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Scania CV AB
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Scania CV AB
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Publication of CN104507727A publication Critical patent/CN104507727A/zh
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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Abstract

本发明涉及驱动***和驱动车辆(1)的方法。驱动***包括燃式发动机(2)、可以制动车辆(1)的制动装置(24)、电机(9)、连接到电机的电能存储器(20)、被电力操作的至少一个组件(22)、包括太阳轮(10)、齿圈(11)和行星轮架(12)的行星齿轮装置。驱动***包括控制单元(18)，所述控制单元配置成在当车辆(1)在运动时、驱动扭矩(Tg)被要求并且联接构件(15)处于第一位置(I1)的运转状况下，基于被要求的驱动扭矩(Tg)和组件(22)操作所需的必要扭矩(Treq)之间的比较，控制燃式发动机(2)和/或制动装置(24)和/或电机(9)，以获得用于所述组件(22)的运转的期望电能。

Description

驱动***和车辆驱动方法
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的驱动***和根据权利要求11的前序部分的车辆驱动方法。
背景技术
在变速箱中使用的用于在变速过程期间将变速箱的输入轴与燃式发动机脱离连接的传统离合器机构存在一些缺点。当静止车辆起动时，离合器机构的盘彼此抵靠着滑动。由此，盘被加热。这种加热导致油耗增加且离合器盘磨损。传统离合器机构也相对重且昂贵。它也占据车辆中的相对大的空间。使用液压变矩器也导致损失。
混合动力车辆可以由可以是燃式发动机的主原动机和可以是电机的辅助原动机驱动。电机配备有用于存储电力的至少一个电能存储器和用于控制电能存储器和电机之间的电力流动的控制设备。电机由此可以依据车辆的运转状态交替地用作电动机和发电机。当车辆被制动时，电机产生存储于电能存储器中的电力。存储电力后来例如被用于驱动车辆和操作车辆中的不同辅助***。
还没有公开的瑞典专利申请SE 1051384-4示出一种具有行星齿轮装置的混合动力驱动***，所述行星齿轮装置包括三个部件，即，太阳轮、行星轮架以及齿圈。行星齿轮装置的三个部件中的其中一个连接到燃式发动机的输出轴，行星齿轮装置的第二部件连接到变速箱的输入轴，并且行星齿轮装置的第三部件连接到电机的转子。电机连接到电能存储器，以使得电机可以交替地用作电动机和发电机。可以无级地控制电机的转速。通过控制电机的转速，变速箱的输入轴可以被赋予理想转速。利用根据文献SE1051384-4的混合动力***，无需在车辆的传动系中使用离合器机构。
在具有离合器的传统混合动力车辆中，当速度非常低以至于车辆不可以在离合器处于闭合位置的情况下被驱动时，燃式发动机不能被用于对电能存储器充电。当形式为例如公共汽车的这种混合动力车辆在例如排队期间以非常低的速度被驱动时，存在的风险的是，车辆将以档位被连通并且离合器处于打开位置的情况被驱动一段时间。如果同时电能存储器被车辆中的其他电操作组件(例如，空调设备的压缩机等)加载，则电能存储器可能非常迅速地放电。在这种情况下，车辆将停止，被连通的档位必须断开并且离合器必须闭合以对电能存储器充电，作为替换方案，车辆必须开始在离合器上强力地滑动以用于对电能存储器充电。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种初始提及类型的用于车辆的驱动***，其中，电能存储器具有同样在当车辆被低速驱动时的运转状况期间为操作车辆中的至少一个电操作组件供应电力的能力。
这个目的通过初始提及类型的驱动***实现，其具有被权利要求1的特征部分具体化的特征。在当车辆以低速运动时且驾驶员(和/或车辆中的控制***)要求车辆的驱动扭矩的状况下，燃式发动机以现行转速驱动、行星齿轮装置处于打开位置、并且齿轮被连通于变速箱中。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，控制单元配置成接收与电能存储器的充电等级相关的信息、并且在当电能存储器的充电等级低于限制等级的状况下控制制动装置和电机，使电机产生至少与所述组件消耗的电能同样多的电能。如果电能存储器具有高充电等级，则并非一直需要电机必须产生与所述组件消耗的电能同样多的电能。在这种情况下，电机可以至少在一段时间期间产生比所述组件消耗的少的电能。作为替换方案，电能存储器的充电等级可以被允许下降到最低可接受等级。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，控制单元配置成在当车辆运动时、联接构件处于第一位置、并且驱动扭矩被车辆要求的运转状况下，控制制动装置以使得制动装置供应如此量级的制动扭矩，以使得车辆保持运动。
控制单元有利地配置成当电能存储器具有比所述限制等级高的充电等级时：完全释放制动装置、或在合适的情况下控制制动装置以使得制动装置同样此后不要供应制动扭矩；并且控制电机，从而电机传递如此量级的扭矩以使得车辆以被要求的扭矩驱动。在这种情况下，电机被控制以使得电机给出这样的扭矩，所述扭矩具有相对于车辆的被要求的扭矩的传动比。车辆由此通过被驾驶员要求的驱动扭矩持续起步发车。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，控制单元配置成当电能存储器具有比所述限制等级低的充电等级时：完全释放制动装置，或在合适的情况下控制制动装置以使得制动装置此后也不要供应制动扭矩；控制燃式发动机以使得燃式发动机获得充分高的转速，所述充分高的转速用于将能够产生于电能存储器中的电力；并且控制电机，以使得电机产生至少与被所述组件消耗的电能同样多的电能。在这种情况下，控制单元可以启动电动机控制功能器件，电动机控制功能器件随着增加的车速同时地增加燃式发动机的转速。由此，电机的转子也可以被致使当车速增加时相对于燃式发动机的旋转的方向沿负的相反方向旋转。由此，电能可以在理想时间的周期期间产生。燃式发动机的转速被控制以使得电机可以产生至少与在所述组件的运转期间消耗的电能同样多的电能于电能存储器中。由此在当电能存储器具有低充电等级的状况下也可以保证所述组件的运转。
根据本发明的一个替换性实施方式，控制单元配置成当电能存储器具有比所述限制等级低的充电等级时：控制燃式发动机以使得燃式发动机以怠速转速或现行旋转速度驱动；控制制动装置以使得制动装置施加导致车辆以被要求的扭矩驱动的制动扭矩；并且控制电机以使得电机产生至少与被所述组件消耗的电能同样多的电能于电能存储器中。在这种情况下，制动装置被用于供应制动扭矩，以使得车辆以被要求的驱动扭矩驱动，同时地电能以至少与被所述组件消耗的相同的量地产生。由此也可以在当电能存储器具有低充电等级的状况下保证所述组件的运转。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，控制单元配置成控制联接构件，以使得联接构件一经车辆获得可以将燃式发动机的输出轴锁定到变速箱的输入轴的速度就移动到第二位置。尤其在当电能存储器具有低充电等级的状况下，适于尽可能快得将燃式发动机的输出轴锁定到变速箱的输入轴。由此，燃式发动机可以负责驱动车辆、操作所述组件以对电能存储器充电。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，制动装置是车辆中的原有制动器。有利地，制动装置是作用在车辆的传动系或车轮上的原有制动器。然而，制动装置应该具有能够供应可变制动扭矩的能力。作为替换方案，制动装置可以是独立制动器，其仅用于供应可变制动扭矩，以用于产生电力于电能存储器中。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，组件是空调设备中的压缩机。这些设备可能在运转期间需要来自电能存储器的相对较高的电能和/或由电机(在当电机用作发电机时的状况期间)产生的电能的供应。然而，组件可以是被来自电能存储器的电能操作的一个或多个任意组件。
根据本发明的另一优选实施方式，燃式发动机的输出轴连接到行星齿轮装置的太阳轮，变速箱的输入轴连接到行星齿轮装置的行星轮架，并且电机的转子连接到行星齿轮装置的齿圈。通过这种设计，被包括的部件可以被赋予紧凑的构造。太阳轮和行星轮架可以借助于花键接头或类似物分别连接到燃式发动机的输出轴和变速箱的输入轴。由此确保太阳轮以与燃式发动机的输出轴相同的转速旋转，并且行星轮架以与变速箱的输入轴相同的转速旋转。电机的转子可以固定地设置在齿圈的外周边表面上。齿圈的内周边表面通常设有轮齿。齿圈的外周边表面通常是光滑的并且非常适于携载电机的转子。齿圈和电机的转子由此形成可旋转单元。作为替换方案，电机的转子可以经由传动结构连接到齿圈。然而，可以将燃式发动机的输出轴、变速箱的输入轴和电机的转子与行星齿轮装置的中的任何其他部件连接。
初始提及的目的也通过根据权利要求10-15所述的方法实现。
附图说明
以下参考附图描述本发明的作为实施例的优选实施方式，在附图中：
图1示出根据本发明的具有驱动***的车辆的传动系，
图2更详细地示出驱动***，
图3示出描述根据本发明的方法的第一实施方式的流程图，并且
图4示出描述根据本发明的方法的第二实施方式的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于重载车辆1的传动系。传动系包括燃式发动机2、变速箱3、多个驱动轴4和驱动轮5。燃式发动机2和变速箱3之间，传动系包括中间部分6。图2更详细地示出中间部分6中的部件。在中间部分6中，燃式发动机2设有输出轴2a，而变速箱3设有输入轴3a。燃式发动机的输出轴2a相对于变速箱的输入轴3a同轴地设置。燃式发动机的输出轴2a和变速箱的输入轴3a围绕共同旋转轴线7可旋转地设置。中间部分6包括包封电机9和行星齿轮装置的壳体8。电机9以通常方式包括定子9a和转子9b。定子9a包括以适当的方式附接在壳体8的内侧上的定子芯。定子芯包括定子的绕组。电机9配置成在某些运转状态期间使用被存储的电力向变速箱的输入轴3a供应驱动动力，并且在其他运转状态期间使用变速箱的输入轴3的动能获取且存储电力。
行星齿轮装置在电机的定子9a和转子9b的大致径向内侧设置。行星齿轮装置以惯常方式包括太阳轮10、齿圈11以及行星轮架12。行星轮架12携载多个嵌齿轮13，所述多个嵌齿轮在太阳轮10的轮齿和齿圈11的轮齿之间的径向空间中可旋转地设置。太阳轮10附接在燃式发动机的输出轴2a的周边表面上。太阳轮10和燃式发动机的输出轴2a作为一个单元以第一转速n1旋转。行星轮架12包括附接部分12a，所述附接部分借助于花键接头14附接在变速箱的输入轴3a的周边表面上。借助于这个接头，行星轮架12和变速箱的输入轴3a可以作为一个单元以第二转速n2旋转。齿圈11包括外周边表面，转子9b固定地安装在外周边表面上。转子9b和齿圈11构成以第三转速n3旋转的可旋转单元。
由于燃式发动机2和变速箱3之间的中间部分6在车辆中受到限制，需要电机9和行星齿轮装置构成紧凑单元。行星齿轮装置的部件10-12在此于电机的定子9a的大致径向内侧设置。电机的转子9b、行星齿轮装置的齿圈11、燃式发动机的输出轴2a以及变速箱的输入轴3a在此围绕共同旋转轴线5可旋转地设置。通过这种设计，电机9和行星齿轮装置占据相对小的空间。
车辆包括能够在第一打开位置和第二锁定位置之间移动的锁定机构，在第一打开位置，行星齿轮装置的三个部件10-12被允许以不同转速旋转，在第二锁定位置，锁定机构将行星齿轮装置的其中两个部件10、12锁定在一起，以使得行星齿轮装置的三个部件10-12以相同转速旋转。在这个实施方式中，锁定机构包括可移位联接构件15。联接构件15借助于花键接头16附接在燃式发动机的输出轴2a上。联接构件15在这种情况下不可转动地设置在燃式发动机的输出轴2a上，并且沿轴向方向可移位地设置在燃式发动机的输出轴2a上。联接构件15包括与行星轮架12的联接部分12b可连接的联接部分15a。锁定机构包括示意性示出的移位部件17，所述移位部件配置成使联接构件1在当联接部分15a、12b未彼此啮合时的第一自由位置I1和当联接部分15a、12b彼此啮合时的第二锁定位置I2之间移位。在第一打开位置，燃式发动机的输出轴2和变速箱的输入轴3可以以不同转速旋转。当联接部分15a、12b彼此啮合时，燃式发动机的输出轴2和变速箱的输入轴3将以相同转速旋转。
电子控制单元18配置成控制移位部件17。控制单元18也配置成确定在哪些运转状况下电机9用作电动机且在哪些运转状况下电机用作发电机。为了确定这些内容，控制单元18可以从合适的运转参数接收现行信息。控制单元18可以是具有为此目的的合适软件的计算机。可以使用一个或多个独立控制单元。控制单元18也控制示意性示出的控制设备19，所述控制设备控制电能存储器20和电机的定子9a之间的电力流动。在当电机9用作电动机时的运转状况下，来自电能存储器20的被存储的电力被供应到定子9a。在当电机用作发电机时的运转状况下，来自定子9a的电力被供应到电能存储器20。电能存储器20传递且存储具有大约200-800伏特的额定电压的电力。
测量器械21配置成感应相关于电能存储器20中的充电等级q的至少一个参数。测量器械21的功能可以集成在电子控制单元18中或任何其他合适的控制单元中。电能存储器20中的充电等级q可以以任意方式确定。电能存储器20也连接到车辆中的一个或多个电操作组件22。电操作组件可以是空调设备中的压缩机。
控制单元18可以配置成接收有关电能存储器20中的充电等级q的信息。
在车辆1的运转期间，驾驶员可以通过示意性示出的加速踏板23要求车辆1的驱动扭矩Tg。当加速踏板23未被按压时，此时可以对应于负的被要求的驱动扭矩Tg(期望制动扭矩)。当加速踏板23被稍微按压(比限制值小)时，此时可以对应于负的被要求的驱动扭矩Tg(期望制动扭矩)。作为经由加速踏板23要求驱动扭矩Tg的替换，车辆中的控制***(例如，在使用ACC-自适应巡航控制器期间)可以要求驱动扭矩Tg。车辆1配备有至少一个制动装置24，车辆的驱动轮5可以通过所述制动装置被制动。车辆1配备有电动机控制功能器件26，燃式发动机的扭矩T1和转速n1可以通过所述电动机控制功能器件被控制。控制单元18例如可以在档位连通和断开于变速箱3中时启动电动机控制功能器件26，以形成变速箱3中的无扭矩状态。
图3示出描述这样一种方法的一流程图，所述方法从车辆在行星齿轮装置处于第一位置I1的情况下以速度vpresent在运动时持续、直到车辆已经获得可以将行星齿轮装置设置在第二锁定位置I2的速度。所述方法在步骤30处开始。如果行星齿轮装置还没有在第一(打开)位置I1，则在步骤31处行星齿轮装置被设置到第一位置I1。燃式发动机的输出轴2a和变速箱的输入轴3a由此能够相对于彼此自由地移动。在步骤32中发生的是，档位g1被接入到变速箱3中。从步骤33显然可知的是，燃式发动机2被驱动并且其以转速(n1＝npresent)被驱动。在步骤34处，制动装置24被供应有等于零(无制动扭矩)的制动扭矩Tb。从步骤35显然可知的是，车辆具有大于零(vpresent>0)的某个速度vpresent。
在步骤36处，控制单元18感应/确定哪种驱动扭矩Tg被例如驾驶员经由加速踏板要求。在步骤37处，控制单元18比较被要求的驱动扭矩Tg是否大于或等于操作组件22所需的必要扭矩Treq。如果驱动扭矩Tg大于必要扭矩Treq，则存在过剩的电能用于操作组件/组件22。
当车辆速度vpresent低时，齿圈11和电机的转子9b沿反向旋转，以使得电能产生，并且可以被存储在电能存储器20中和/或被直接消耗。当车辆1(依据可能的加速度)达到速度v1时，齿圈11和电机的转子9b开始沿正向旋转。由此，需要向电机9供应电能Eel以进一步增加车辆1的速度。当车辆达到速度v2时，可以将行星齿轮装置设置在锁定位置I2。
如果电能存储器20既必须向电机9供应电能Eel又必须同时以电能Ea供应电操作组件22，则电能的消耗是大量的。如果车辆1在较长的周期期间以高于v1且低于速度v2的速度驱动，则电能的消耗可能变得如此大以至于电能存储器20完全放电。
在步骤37处，如果控制单元18从测量器械21接收到指示存在过剩电能的信息，则电能存储器20没有放电的风险。在步骤38处，制动装置24控制以使得Tb＝0(无制动扭矩)，并且车辆1沿选定的驱动方向被连续地驱动。在步骤39处，电机25供应扭矩Tel以使得车辆1例如通过加速踏板23获得要求的驱动扭矩Tg。电能到电气组件24的过剩或不足由电能存储器20处理。在步骤40处，控制单元18检查是否可以锁定行星齿轮装置。如果可以，则行星齿轮装置被设置到第二锁定位置I2并且在步骤41处起动过程结束。在行星齿轮装置的锁定位置，燃式发动机2可以负责整个操作车辆1、操作电气组件22、以及按需要对电能存储器20充电。
在步骤40处，如果控制单元18发现行星齿轮装置不能设置在第二锁定位置I2，则所述方法再次在确定被要求的驱动扭矩Tg的步骤36处开始。在步骤37处，控制单元18比较被要求的驱动扭矩Tg是否大于必要扭矩Treq。如果Tg小于必要扭矩Treq，则存在用于操作一个或多个组件22的电能的不足。在步骤42处确定电能存储器20是否具有处理这个不足的能力。确定电能存储器20是否具有供应不足电能的能力可以意味着将有关电能存储器20的充电等级q的信息与确定的限制等级q0相比较。如果电能存储器20的充电等级q高于限制等级q0，则电能存储器20被认为具有供应不足电能的能力。如果是这种情况(电能存储器被认为具有供应不足电能的能力)，则所述方法在步骤38处继续。如果不是这种情况(当电能存储器20的充电等级q小于限制等级q0时)，则所述方法在这种情况下在步骤43处继续，在步骤43处呈现的是制动装置24没有供应任何制动扭矩，因此车辆1完全没有被制动装置24制动。然而，在步骤44处，在这种情况下，燃式发动机的转速n1被增加到比实际/现行转速npresent高的等级。
由于燃式发动机的转速n1增加，在比如果燃式发动机以实际/现行转速npresent驱动更长的时间期间，齿圈11可以被致使沿反向旋转并且电能产生于电能存储器20中。由于燃式发动机的转速n1增加，即使齿圈11已经沿反向旋转，齿圈11也可以在存在或将要存在对增加的电能的要求的情况下被致使以增加的负转速(用于负转速的增加的绝对值量)旋转。控制单元18经由电动机控制功能器件26控制燃式发动机的转速n1，以使得电能以理想量产生并且被引导到电能存储器20和/或组件22。在步骤45处，控制单元18控制燃式发动机的转速n1，以使得产生至少与被电气组件消耗的电能Ea同样多的电能Eel。电机9供应扭矩Tel，所述扭矩Tel是被要求的扭矩Tg乘以传动比。在步骤40处，控制单元18检查是否可以锁定行星齿轮装置。如果可以，行星齿轮装置被设置到第二锁定位置I2并且所述方法在步骤41处结束。否则，所述方法再次在步骤36处开始。
图4示出当车辆配备有一个或数个电气组件22时，用于车辆1的起动过程的替换性方法，所述一个或数个电气组件需要电能Ea以用于其运转。至少对于步骤30-37，图4中的方法对应于图3中的方法。在步骤37(图4)处，通过比较被要求的驱动扭矩Tg是否大于或等于必要扭矩Treq而确定存在电能的过剩或不足的情况。如果存在使得组件22能够运作的过剩的电能，则所述方法在步骤38处继续。当不是这种情况时，在步骤42处，确定电能存储器20是否具有这样的充电等级q以使得组件22无论如何可以运转。如果是这种情况(电能存储器20的充电等级q高于限制等级q0)，则所述方法在步骤38处继续。如果不是这种情况(电能存储器20的充电等级q低于限制等级q0)，则所述方法在步骤46处继续。在这种情况下，燃式发动机2以实际/现行转速npresent连续地驱动。在步骤47处，制动装置24被应用以使得其制动车辆1。控制单元18控制制动装置24以使得制动装置供应制动扭矩Tb，这导致车辆1获得通过例如加速踏板要求的扭矩Tg。在步骤48处，控制单元18控制电机9，以使得电机生产至少与电气组件的电能需求Ea对应的同样多的电能Eel。在步骤40处，控制单元18检查是否可以锁定行星齿轮装置。如果可以，则行星齿轮装置被设置到第二锁定位置I2并且起动过程在步骤41处结束。否则所述方法再次在步骤36处开始。
在图3中的流程图中，当存在用于操作电气组件22的电能的不足时，使用步骤43-45替换步骤38-39。在图4中的流程图中，使用步骤46-48替换步骤38-39。当存在用于操作电气组件22的电能的不足时。当需要供应电能以操作电气组件22时，明显可以交替地或结合地使用三个不同手段。
本发明绝非被限制于依据附图描述的实施方式，而是可以在权利要求的范围内自由地变化。例如，具有变速比的传动结构可以设置在转子9和齿圈11之间。转子9和齿圈11因此不是必须以相同转速旋转。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于车辆(1)的驱动***，其中，驱动***包括：具有输出轴(2a)的燃式发动机(2)，具有输入轴(3a)的变速箱(3)，能够制动车辆(1)的制动装置(24)，包括定子(9a)和转子(9b)的电机(9)，连接到电机的电能存储器(20)，被来自电能存储器(20)的电力操作的至少一个组件(22)，包括太阳轮(10)、齿圈(11)和行星轮架(12)的行星齿轮装置，以及在第一位置(I1)和第二位置(I2)之间可移动地设置的联接构件(15)，在第一位置，联接构件允许行星齿轮装置中的上述各部件以不同转速旋转，在第二位置，联接构件将上述各部件相对于彼此锁定以使得各部件以相同转速旋转，并且其中，燃式发动机的输出轴(2a)连接到行星齿轮装置的所述部件中的第一部件，以使得输出轴(2a)的旋转引起第一部件的旋转，其中，变速箱的输入轴(3a)连接到行星齿轮装置的所述部件中的第二部件，以使得输入轴的旋转引起第二部件的旋转，并且电机的转子(9b)连接到行星齿轮装置的所述部件中的第三部件，以使得转子(9b)的旋转引起第三部件的旋转，其特征在于，驱动***包括控制单元(18)，所述控制单元配置成在当车辆(1)在运动时、驱动扭矩(Tg)被要求、并且联接构件(15)处于第一位置(I1)的运转状况下，基于被要求的驱动扭矩(Tg)和组件(22)操作所需的必要扭矩(Treq)之间的比较，控制燃式发动机(2)和/或制动装置(24)和/或电机(9)，以获得用于所述组件(22)的运转的期望电能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动***，其特征在于，控制单元(18)配置成接收与电能存储器(20)的充电等级(q)相关的信息。
3.根据权利要求2所述的驱动***，其特征在于，控制单元(18)配置成还基于电能存储器(20)的充电等级(q)和用于电能存储器(20)的充电等级(q)的限制等级(q0)之间的比较，实施燃式发动机(2)和/或制动装置(24)和/或电机(9)的所述控制。
4.根据权利要求3所述的驱动***，其特征在于，控制单元(18)配置成当电能存储器具有比所述限制等级低的充电等级时，控制燃式发动机(2)以使得燃式发动机获得用于产生电能的必要高转速(n1)、并且控制电机(9)以使得电机产生至少与所述组件(22)消耗的电能(Ea)同样多的电能(Eel)。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的驱动***，其特征在于，控制单元(18)配置成当电能存储器具有比所述限制等级低的充电等级时，控制制动装置以使得制动装置施加导致车辆以被要求的扭矩(Tg)驱动的制动扭矩(Tb)、并且控制电机(9)以使得电机产生至少与所述组件(22)消耗的电能(Ea)同样多的电能(Eel)。
6.根据前述权利要求任一所述的驱动***，其特征在于，控制单元(18)配置成控制联接构件(15)，以使得联接构件一经车辆(1)获得能够将燃式发动机的输出轴(2a)锁定到变速箱的输入轴(3a)的速度(v2)就移动到第二位置(I2)。
7.根据前述权利要求任一所述的驱动***，其特征在于，制动装置(24)是车辆(1)中的原有车轮制动器。
8.根据前述权利要求任一所述的驱动***，其特征在于，组件(22)是空调设备中的压缩机。
9.根据前述权利要求任一所述的驱动***，其特征在于，燃式发动机的输出轴(2a)连接到行星齿轮装置的太阳轮(10)，变速箱的输入轴(3a)连接到行星齿轮装置的行星轮架(12)，并且电机的转子(9b)连接到行星齿轮装置的齿圈(11)。
10.一种驱动车辆(1)的方法，其中，车辆包括：具有输出轴(2a)的燃式发动机(2)，具有输入轴(3a)的变速箱(3)，能够制动车辆(1)的制动装置(24)，包括定子(9a)和转子(9b)的电机(9)，连接到电机的电能存储器(20)，被来自电能存储器(20)的电力操作的至少一个组件(22)，包括太阳轮(10)、齿圈(11)和行星轮架(12)的行星齿轮装置，以及可移动地设置在第一位置(I1)和第二位置(I2)之间的联接构件(15)，在第一位置，联接构件允许行星齿轮装置中的上述各部件以不同转速旋转，并且在第二位置(I2)，联接构件将上述各部件相对于彼此锁定以使得各部件以相同转速旋转，并且其中，燃式发动机的输出轴(2a)连接到行星齿轮装置的所述部件中的第一部件，以使得输出轴(2a)的旋转引起第一部件的旋转，其中，变速箱的输入轴(3a)连接到行星齿轮装置的所述部件中的第二部件，以使得输入轴的旋转引起第二部件的旋转，并且电机的转子(9b)连接到行星齿轮装置的所述部件中的第三部件，以使得转子(9b)的旋转引起第三部件的旋转，其特征在于以下步骤：在当车辆(1)在运动时、驱动扭矩(Tg)被要求、并且联接构件(15)处于第一位置(I1)的运转状况下，基于被要求的驱动扭矩(Tg)和组件(22)操作所需的必要扭矩(Treq)之间的比较，控制燃式发动机(2)和/或制动装置(24)和/或电机(9)以获得用于所述组件(22)的运转的期望电能。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，控制单元(18)配置成接收与电能存储器(20)的充电等级(q)相关的信息。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于以下步骤：也基于电能存储器(20)的充电等级(q)和用于电能存储器(20)的充电等级(q)的限制等级(q0)之间的比较，实施燃式发动机(2)和/或制动装置(24)和/或电机(9)的所述控制。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于以下步骤：当电能存储器具有比所述限制等级低的充电等级时，控制燃式发动机(2)以使得燃式发动机获得用于产生电能的必要高转速(n1)、并且控制电机(9)以使得电机产生至少与所述组件(22)消耗的电能(Ea)同样多的电能(Eel)。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的方法，其特征在于以下步骤：当电能存储器具有比所述限制等级低的充电等级时，控制制动装置以使得制动装置施加导致车辆以被要求的扭矩(Tg)驱动的制动扭矩(Tb)、并且控制电机(9)以使得电机产生至少与所述组件(22)消耗的电能(Ea)同样多的电能(Eel)。
15.根据前述权利要求10至14中任一所述的方法，其特征在于以下步骤：控制联接构件(15)以使得联接构件一经车辆(1)获得能够将燃式发动机的输出轴(2a)锁定到变速箱的输入轴(3a)的速度(v2)就移动到第二位置(I2)。
16.一种包括计算机程序代码的计算机程序，所述计算机程序代码用于当计算机程序代码在计算机中执行时使得计算机实施根据权利要求10-15中任一所述的方法。
17.一种计算机程序产品，其包括计算机可读的数据存储介质，其中，根据权利要求16所述的计算机程序的计算机程序代码被存储在数据存储介质上。
18.一种包括根据权利要求1-9中任一所述的驱动***的车辆。
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