CN104502913B - Method and device for measuring the distance between coal uncovering roadway and coal seam - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring the distance between coal uncovering roadway and coal seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN104502913B CN104502913B CN201410720586.9A CN201410720586A CN104502913B CN 104502913 B CN104502913 B CN 104502913B CN 201410720586 A CN201410720586 A CN 201410720586A CN 104502913 B CN104502913 B CN 104502913B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
- G01S11/14—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for measuring the distance between a coal uncovering roadway and a coal seam. The measuring device comprises a seismic source and N sensors which are disposed between the seismic source and the tunneling work surface of the coal uncovering roadway and are in the same line as the seismic source, and the line is parallel to the center axis of the coal uncovering roadway. The distance from the tunneling work surface to the coal seam is acquired by measuring first propagation time when surface waves generated by the seismic source and propagated along the ground plane of the coal uncovering roadway to the tunneling work surface reach the sensors, second propagation time when the sensors receive the surface waves reflected back by the tunneling work surface, third propagation time when transverse waves received by the sensors and reflected back by the coal seam reach the sensors, and the distance between each sensor and the tunneling work surface. By adopting the method and the device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the measurement accuracy and the reliability of measurement results can be improved. As the implementation of the embodiment of the invention is far away from the tunneling work surface of the roadway, normal construction is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal seam distance measurement technique, more particularly to a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance measuring method and
Device.
Background technology
Exposed coal tunnel is the tunnel tunneled to solid coal seam.Because exposed coal tunnel is usually that exploiting field contacts and opens at first
The tunnel in coal seam, for Gas-bearing Coal Seams, if dealt with improperly, the high pressure gas in coal seam are easy to charge into tunnel, from
And cause great security incident.In order to ensure the safety of exposed coal process, when tunnel Approaching Coal Seam, (the underground of meeting head in tunnel
Driving face in engineering construction is called meets head on) be with the distance in coal seam safety measure selection most important parameters.
In order to determine the distance met head on coal seam in tunnel, generally select carries out bore detecting in the prior art.But
In most cases, (in normal depositional sequence, the rock stratum in the certain distance on coal seam claims with its roof and floor in coal seam
Be seam roof, the rock stratum in certain distance under coal seam is referred to as the base plate in coal seam) boundary in the borehole be difficult
There is obvious boundary, the value error that bore detecting determines is very big, it is impossible to meet the requirement of mine safety.Drilling measure is simultaneously
One point, the reliability of measurement result is low.
In addition can also determine that exposed coal tunnel is met head on to the distance in coal seam with seismic reflection method.But to being at present
Only, the method for being used be from tunnel meet head on launch and receive the seismic wave of coal seam reflection, and many made with seismic wave compressional wave
Be main means, it is larger by the stronger surface wave interference of energy because the energy of seismic wave compressional wave is relatively weak, and speed ratio compared with
Hurry up, cause sensor accuracy of detection to meet requirement, the reliability of measurement result is low.Meanwhile, the existing method must be in lane
Road meets head on to carry out, the normal construction of influence, is brought inconvenience to production, and practical value is low.
The content of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides the measuring method and device in a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, to overcome measurement result
Reliability is low, influence production is so as to the problem for causing practicality low.
On the one hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides the measuring method in a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, is applied to a kind of survey
Amount device, the measurement apparatus include focus and N number of sensor, and N number of sensor is located at the focus with exposed coal tunnel
Between meeting head on, and same straight line is located at the focus, the straight line parallel is in the axis in the exposed coal tunnel, wherein N
Positive integer, N is more than or equal to 1；Methods described includes：
Horizon along the exposed coal tunnel is produced towards the face ripple met head on and propagate by focus, and starts timing；
The face ripple transmitted from the focus is received by N number of sensor, is obtained from the focus and is produced the face ripple
N number of first propagation time of N number of sensor is arrived separately to the face ripple；N number of sensor is met head on instead described in receiving
The face ripple being emitted back towards, obtains from the focus and produces the face ripple to the face ripple being reflected back to arrive separately at N number of sensor
N number of second propagation time；N number of sensor receives the shear wave that coal seam is reflected back, and obtains and produces the face from the focus
Ripple to the shear wave being reflected back arrives separately at N number of 3rd propagation time of N number of sensor；
According to N number of first propagation time, N number of second propagation time, and N number of sensor is met with described
The distance of head, obtains the spread speed of the face ripple；
Spread speed according to the face ripple obtains the spread speed of the shear wave；
According to the spread speed of the shear wave, N number of second propagation time and N number of 3rd propagation time obtain
It is described to meet head on to the distance in the coal seam.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of measurement apparatus, and described device includes focus, processor and N number of biography
Sensor, the focus and N number of sensor are connected with the processor respectively, and the focus and N number of sensor are set
On the ground level in exposed coal tunnel, N number of sensor is located between the meeting head on of the focus and exposed coal tunnel, and with the shake
Source is located at same straight line, and in the axis in the exposed coal tunnel, wherein N is positive integer to the straight line parallel, and N is more than or equal to 1；
The focus is used to produce the Horizon along the exposed coal tunnel towards the face ripple met head on and propagate, and by described
Reason device starts timing；
N number of sensor is used to receive the face ripple transmitted from the focus, obtains from the focus and produces the face ripple
N number of first propagation time of N number of sensor is arrived separately to the face ripple；N number of sensor is additionally operable to receive described
Meet head on the face ripple being reflected back, to obtain that produce the face ripple to be arrived separately to the face ripple being reflected back from the focus described N number of
N number of second propagation time of sensor；N number of sensor is additionally operable to receive the shear wave that coal seam is reflected back, and obtains from the shake
Source produces the face ripple that N number of 3rd propagation time of N number of sensor is arrived separately to the shear wave being reflected back；
The processor was used for according to N number of first propagation time, N number of second propagation time, and described N number of
Sensor and the distance met head on, obtain the spread speed of the face ripple；
The processor is additionally operable to be obtained according to the spread speed of the face ripple spread speed of the shear wave；
The processor is additionally operable to the spread speed according to the shear wave, N number of second propagation time and described N number of
3rd propagation time met head on to the distance in the coal seam described in obtaining.
The embodiment of the present invention provides the measuring method and device in a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, using earthquake corrugated ripple
With the propagation principle of shear wave, sensor is reached towards the face ripple for meeting head on to propagate along the Horizon in exposed coal tunnel by measuring focus generation
The first propagation time, sensor receives the second propagation time of the face ripple for meeting head on to be reflected back, sensor and receives coal seam and be reflected back
Shear wave reach sensor the 3rd propagation time and sensor and the distance met head on, acquisition meet head on to the coal seam away from
From realizing and exposed coal tunnel met head on to the accurate measurement of the distance in coal seam.Compared to existing technologies, because the present invention is implemented
Example employs the stronger face ripple of energy, therefore is difficult to be disturbed, it is possible to increase measurement accuracy, improves the reliability of measurement result,
Simultaneously because the implementation of the embodiment of the present invention is met head on away from tunnel, so as to ensure that construction is normally carried out.
Brief description of the drawings
Technical scheme in order to illustrate more clearly the embodiments of the present invention, below will be to that will make needed for embodiment description
Accompanying drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill of field, without having to pay creative labor, other can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet in a kind of exposed coal tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention and the measuring method of coal seam distance；
Fig. 2 is that a kind of exposed coal tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated with the application scenarios of the measuring method of coal seam distance
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet in a kind of exposed coal tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention and the measuring method of coal seam distance；
Fig. 4 is that another exposed coal tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention shows with the application scenarios of the measuring method of coal seam distance
It is intended to；
Fig. 5 is that another exposed coal tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated with the flow of the measuring method of coal seam distance
Figure；
Fig. 6 is the structural representation in a kind of exposed coal tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention and the measurement apparatus of coal seam distance.
Specific embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides the measuring method in a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, and the measuring method is applied to one kind
Measurement apparatus, the measurement apparatus include focus and N number of sensor, and N number of sensor is located between the meeting head on of focus and exposed coal tunnel,
And same straight line is located at focus, in the axis in exposed coal tunnel, wherein N is positive integer to the straight line parallel, and N is more than or equal to 1；
As shown in figure 1, the method includes：
Step 101, produce the Horizon along exposed coal tunnel towards the face ripple for meeting head on to propagate by focus, and start timing.
Step 102, the face ripple transmitted from focus by the reception of N number of sensor, are obtained from focus and produce face ripple to face wavelength-division
It is clipped to N number of first propagation time up to N number of sensor；N number of sensor receives the face ripple for meeting head on to be reflected back, and obtains and is produced from focus
Face ripple to the face ripple being reflected back arrives separately at N number of second propagation time of N number of sensor；N number of sensor receives coal seam and is reflected back
Shear wave, obtain from focus and produce face ripple to the shear wave being reflected back to arrive separately at N number of 3rd propagation time of N number of sensor.
Step 103, according to N number of first propagation time, N number of second propagation time, and N number of sensor with meet head on away from
From the spread speed of acquisition face ripple；Spread speed according to face ripple obtains the spread speed of shear wave.
Step 104, the spread speed according to shear wave, N number of second propagation time and N number of 3rd propagation time obtain and meet head on
To the distance in coal seam.
Exposed coal tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention and the measuring method of coal seam distance, make use of the propagation of face ripple and shear wave
Characteristic.Traditional seismic reflection method is measured using the propagation principle of compressional wave, and is surveyed closely being reflected using compressional wave
During spy, because wave energy is extremely strong, the measurement of severe jamming compressional wave.Therefore when traditional seismic reflection method is measured, face ripple
It is interference signal, it is necessary to after first filtering surface ripple, can just obtains useful compressional wave signal.And the embodiment of the present invention is by measuring focus
The Horizon along exposed coal tunnel for producing reaches the first propagation time of sensor, the face of return of meeting head on towards the face ripple for meeting head on to propagate
Second propagation time of ripple arrival sensor obtains the spread speed of face ripple, and then obtain horizontal with sensor to the distance met head on
The spread speed of ripple；Reach the 3rd propagation of sensor with the shear wave of reflection by the spread speed of shear wave, the second propagation time again
Time, obtain the distance met head on to coal seam.The present invention utilizes face ripple in the characteristics of being converted into shear wave of meeting head on, using the energy of face ripple
As secondary focus, so that interference is no longer problem, the precision of time identification is improve, and the shear wave letter reflected from coal seam
Number energy is big, it is easy to recognize, speed is slow, also substantially increases the precision of measurement.It is achieved thereby that meeting head on exposed coal tunnel to coal
The accurate measurement of the distance of layer, simultaneously as continuous mode is met head on away from tunnel, it is ensured that construction is normally carried out.
In order that those skilled in the art can be more clearly understood that technical scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention, lead to below
Specific embodiment is crossed, the exposed coal tunnel provided embodiments of the invention is carried out specifically with the measuring method of coal seam distance
Bright, the application scenarios of the method can be so that as shown in Fig. 2 the method is applied to a kind of measurement apparatus, the measurement apparatus include one
Focus and a sensor, the sensor are located between the meeting head on of the focus and exposed coal tunnel, and are located at always with the focus
Line, the straight line parallel is in the axis in exposed coal tunnel；The method includes as shown in Figure 3：
Step 201, focus produce the Horizon along exposed coal tunnel towards the face ripple for meeting head on to propagate, and start timing.
Step 202, sensor receive the face ripple transmitted from focus, obtain from focus and produce face ripple to face ripple to reach sensor
The first propagation time；Sensor receives the face ripple that is reflected back of meeting head on, obtain from focus produce face ripple to the face ripple being reflected back to
Up to the second propagation time of sensor；Sensor receives the shear wave that is reflected back of coal seam, obtains from focus and produces face ripple to being reflected back
Shear wave reach sensor the 3rd propagation time.
Specifically, first, focus can by hammer the ground level in exposed coal tunnel produce Horizon along exposed coal tunnel towards
Meet head on the face ripple propagated, in addition, it would however also be possible to employ other possible apparatus and method generation focus, the present invention is not to this
It is defined.Timing when focus produces the face ripple, the face ripple can reach sensor first, so as to obtain first propagation
Time, it is designated as t1.
Secondly, the face ripple can reach meeting head on for exposed coal tunnel, and face ripple is reached after meeting head on, on the one hand, through reflection of meeting head on, produced
The face ripple being reflected back, the face ripple that this is reflected back is propagated along the Horizon in exposed coal tunnel towards sensor, and sensor receives the reflection
Second propagation time can be just obtained during the face ripple for returning, t2 is designated as；On the other hand, after face ripple is reached and met head on, in the work met head on
With lower generation shear wave, the shear wave is propagated to the rock of surrounding of meeting head on, and the shear wave produces reflection after coal seam is encountered through coal seam reflection
The shear wave for returning, the Horizon that the shear wave that this is reflected back reaches after meeting head on along exposed coal tunnel is propagated towards sensor, and sensor is received
Can just obtain for the 3rd propagation time during the shear wave that this is reflected back, be designated as t3.
In addition it is noted that focus starts timing after producing face ripple in step 201, can be performed by focus, for example
The focus is provided with clocking capability, or an external timer, after timing, focus will produce face ripple moment by with sensing
Linkup transmit between device to sensor, so as to enable the sensor in the face ripple for receiving above-mentioned direct arrival, the face for returning
After ripple and the shear wave of return, first propagation time, the second propagation time, the 3rd propagation time are calculated.Or, can adopt
With the sensor with clocking capability, timing is started after focus produces face ripple, focus can be given by the connection with sensor
Sensor sends riming instructions at the beginning, the timing by timer, so as to enable the sensor to above-mentioned directly arrive receiving
After the face ripple, the face ripple of return and the shear wave of return that reach, first propagation time, the second propagation time, the 3rd biography are calculated
Between sowing time.Or, focus is not provided with being connected with sensor, focus can be connected into a processor, focus simultaneously with sensor
The timing by processor after the ripple of generation face, sensor can receive above-mentioned direct arrival face ripple, return face ripple with
And send each due in processor after the shear wave for returning, first propagation time, the second biography are calculated by processor
Between sowing time, the 3rd propagation time.
It should be noted that in addition to the implementation of above-mentioned several timing, it is also possible to have other implementations, this is several
Plant what implementation was merely exemplary, be not the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
Step 203, according to the first propagation time, the second propagation time, and sensor and the distance met head on, obtain face ripple
Spread speed.
Specifically, the spread speed method for obtaining face ripple can be specifically included：
First, the time difference in the second propagation time and the first propagation time is obtained.
Secondly, 1/2nd durations according to the time difference, and sensor obtain the propagation of face ripple to the distance met head on
Speed.
For example, the spread speed of face ripple can be obtained according to following speed computing formula：
Wherein, (t2-t1) represent time difference in the second propagation time and the first propagation time, v1The propagation speed of expression face ripple
Degree, d1Represent sensor and the distance met head on.
Step 204, the spread speed that shear wave is obtained according to the spread speed of face ripple.
Specifically, in one implementation, the spread speed that the spread speed according to face ripple obtains shear wave can include：
The relation of spread speed according to face ripple and the spread speed of shear wave, and face ripple spread speed, obtain shear wave
Spread speed.
Wherein, the spread speed of face ripple can be expressed as with the relation of the spread speed of shear wave：
v2=kv1
Wherein, v1The spread speed of expression face ripple, v2The spread speed of shear wave is represented, wherein k can be according to tunnel situation
It is determined that, the span of such as k can be the real number of 0.9-1.
Or, in another implementation, can be obtained using velocity inversion method according to the spread speed of the face ripple
The spread speed of the shear wave.
For example, the spread speed of shear wave can be obtained using velocity inversion method according to the spread speed of face ripple；Wherein inverting
Method is the method by testing, and Mathematical Modeling is built by the spread speed relation of multigroup measurement data opposite ripple and shear wave.
In addition, it would however also be possible to employ other possible assay methods calculate the spread speed of shear wave, the present invention is not right
This is defined.
Step 205, the spread speed according to shear wave, the second propagation time and the 3rd propagation time, acquisition are met head on to coal
The distance of layer.
Specifically, obtain the distance met head on to coal seam can specifically include：
First, the time difference in the 3rd propagation time and the second propagation time is obtained.
Secondly, 1/2nd durations according to the time difference, and shear wave spread speed obtain meet head on to coal seam away from
From.
For example, can be according to the following distance for being obtained apart from computing formula and being met head on to coal seam.
d2=v2*(t3-t2)/2
Wherein, d2Expression is met head on to the distance in coal seam, v2Represent the spread speed of shear wave, t2Represent the second propagation time t2,
t3Represent the 3rd propagation time, (t3-t2) represent time difference in the 3rd propagation time and the second propagation time.
In embodiments of the present invention, focus may be located remotely from sensor and meet head on, and such as focus can be with the distance met head on
First predeterminable range, the distance of sensor and focus can be the second predeterminable range, and sensor and the distance met head on can be the
Three predeterminable ranges, the first predeterminable range is equal to the second predeterminable range and the 3rd predeterminable range sum, and the second predeterminable range is less than
3rd predeterminable range；Exemplary, the 3rd predeterminable range can be set as 30 meters, and the second predeterminable range can be set as 2 meters.Separately
Outward, the 3rd predeterminable range and the second predeterminable range can also be other possible distances, but should be not influenceing roadway construction and shake
The signal that source produces can be reflected from coal seam and received by sensor and is defined, its specific value can according to the actual requirements and
It is fixed, do not limit herein.
In embodiments of the present invention, sensor can be one-dimensional sensor, or multidimensional sensor, when sensor is one-dimensional
During sensor, the ground level of the direction of the sensor perpendicular to exposed coal tunnel.In addition, be worth mentioning, above-mentioned steps 203~step
Calculating process in rapid 205 can be by computing device, and the processor can be independently of focus and sensor, it is also possible to be integrated in
On sensor, other forms are in addition likely to, it is numerous to list herein, and above-mentioned several implementations are only merely illustrative
Property, it is not the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides the measuring method in a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, and the method utilizes earthquake corrugated ripple
With the propagation principle of shear wave, sensor is reached towards the face ripple for meeting head on to propagate along the Horizon in exposed coal tunnel by measuring focus generation
The first propagation time, sensor receives the second propagation time of the face ripple for meeting head on to be reflected back, sensor and receives coal seam and be reflected back
Shear wave reach sensor the 3rd propagation time and sensor and the distance met head on, acquisition meet head on to the coal seam away from
From realizing and exposed coal tunnel met head on to the accurate measurement of the distance in coal seam.Compared to existing technologies, because the present invention is implemented
Example employs the stronger face ripple of energy, therefore is difficult to be disturbed, it is possible to increase measurement accuracy, improves the reliability of measurement result,
Simultaneously because the implementation of the embodiment of the present invention is met head on away from tunnel, so as to ensure that construction is normally carried out.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides the measuring method in another exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, is applied to a kind of measurement dress
Put, the application scenarios of the method can be with as shown in figure 4, the measurement apparatus include a focus and N number of sensor (with 3 in Fig. 4
As a example by sensor, sensor 1, sensor 2 and sensor 3 are respectively labeled as, and successively away from focus), N number of sensor is located at should
Between the meeting head on of focus and exposed coal tunnel, and same straight line is located at the focus, the straight line parallel in the axis in exposed coal tunnel,
Wherein N is the positive integer more than 1；The method as shown in figure 5, including：
Step 301, focus produce the Horizon along exposed coal tunnel towards the face ripple for meeting head on to propagate, and start timing.
Step 302, N number of sensor receive the face ripple transmitted from focus, obtain from focus and produce face ripple to face wavelength-division to be clipped to
Up to N number of first propagation time of N number of sensor；N number of sensor receives the face ripple for meeting head on to be reflected back, and obtains from focus and produces face ripple
N number of second propagation time of N number of sensor is arrived separately to the face ripple being reflected back；N number of sensor receives the horizontal stroke that coal seam is reflected back
Ripple, obtains from focus and produces face ripple to the shear wave being reflected back to arrive separately at N number of 3rd propagation time of N number of sensor.
Specifically, first, focus can by hammer the ground level in exposed coal tunnel produce Horizon along exposed coal tunnel towards
Meet head on the face ripple propagated, in addition, it would however also be possible to employ other possible method and apparatus generation focus, the present invention is not to this
It is defined.Timing when focus produces the face ripple, the face ripple can successively reach N number of sensor first, N number of so as to obtain
In the first propagation time, it is designated as T1(i).Wherein i represents i-th sensor, and span is the natural number of 1-N, i.e. T1I () represents
TheiThe first propagation time that individual sensor gets.It is to be understood that the face ripple first reaches sensor 1, then sensor 1 is obtained
The first propagation time for arriving is T1(1), then face ripple reaches sensor 2, then the first propagation time that sensor 2 gets is
T1(2), finally the face ripple reaches sensor 3, then the first propagation time that sensor 3 gets is T1(3), by that analogy.
Secondly, the face ripple can reach meeting head on for exposed coal tunnel, and face ripple is reached after meeting head on, on the one hand, through reflection of meeting head on, produced
The face ripple being reflected back, the face ripple that this is reflected back is propagated along the Horizon in exposed coal tunnel towards sensor, and it is anti-that N number of sensor receives this
N number of second propagation time can be just obtained during the face ripple being emitted back towards, T is designated as2(i)；On the other hand, after face ripple is reached and met head on, meeting
Shear wave is produced in the presence of head, the shear wave is propagated to the rock of surrounding of meeting head on, the shear wave reflects through coal seam and produce after coal seam is encountered
The shear wave that life is reflected back, the Horizon that the shear wave that this is reflected back reaches after meeting head on along exposed coal tunnel is propagated towards sensor, N number of sensing
Device can just obtain N number of 3rd propagation time when receiving the shear wave that this is reflected back, and be designated as T3(i).Wherein, T2I () represents i-th
The second propagation time that individual sensor is obtained, T3I () represents i-th the 3rd propagation time of sensor acquisition；It is to be understood that
The face ripple being reflected back through meeting head on, reaches sensor 3 at first, and sensor 3 obtains the second propagation time T2(3), then this is reflected back
Face ripple reach sensor 2, then the second propagation time that sensor 2 is obtained is T2(2), finally the face ripple reaches sensor 1, then
The second propagation time that sensor 1 is obtained is T2(1), by that analogy.The shear wave being reflected back through meeting head on, also reaches sensor at first
3, situation is identical with the face ripple being reflected back through meeting head on, therefore repeats no more.
In addition it is noted that timing mode in the present embodiment can use with identical mode in a upper embodiment,
Will not be repeated here.
Step 303, according to N number of first propagation time, N number of second propagation time, and N number of sensor with meet head on away from
From the spread speed of the N number of face ripple of acquisition.
Specifically, the spread speed method for obtaining N number of face ripple can be specifically included：
First, second propagation time and the time difference in the first propagation time of each sensor acquisition are obtained respectively, obtain N
The individual time difference, it is designated as T2(i)-T1(i)。
Secondly, 1/2nd durations according to N number of time difference, and N number of sensor respectively and the distance met head on, obtain N
The spread speed of individual face ripple.
For example, the spread speed of N number of face ripple can be obtained according to following speed computing formula：
Wherein, V1I () represents the spread speed of N number of face ripple, D1I () represents N number of sensor and the distance met head on, i represents the
I sensor, span is the natural number of 1-N.
Step 304, the average speed for obtaining N number of surface wave propagation speed, the propagation of the average speed as the face ripple is fast
Degree；Spread speed according to face ripple obtains the spread speed of shear wave.
Step 305, the spread speed according to shear wave, N number of second propagation time and N number of 3rd propagation time obtain N number of
Meet head on to the distance in coal seam；Distance average is obtained according to N number of distance met head on to coal seam.
Wherein, the method for the spread speed of the spread speed acquisition shear wave according to face ripple can be identical with a upper embodiment,
Will not be repeated here.
Specifically, obtain N number of distance met head on to coal seam can specifically include：
First, the 3rd propagation time and the time difference in the second propagation time of each sensor acquisition are obtained respectively, obtain N
The individual time difference, it is designated as T3(i)-T2(i)。
Secondly, the spread speed of 1/2nd durations according to N number of time difference, and shear wave respectively obtains N number of distance.
For example, N number of meeting head on to the distance in coal seam can be obtained apart from computing formula according to following：
D2(i)=V2*(T3(i)-T2(i))/2
Wherein, D2(i) represent data acquisition according to i-th sensor to meet head on to the distance in coal seam, V2Represent foundation
The spread speed of the shear wave that the average speed of N number of surface wave propagation speed is obtained；I represents i-th sensor, and span is 1-N
Natural number.
Particularly, the step 304 and step 305 in above-described embodiment can be also replaced using step as described below：
Step 3041, the spread speed that N number of shear wave is obtained according to the spread speed of N number of face ripple.
Step 3051, the spread speed according to N number of shear wave, N number of second propagation time and N number of 3rd propagation time obtain
It is N number of to meet head on to the distance in coal seam；Distance average is obtained according to N number of distance met head on to coal seam.
Wherein, the method for the spread speed of the spread speed acquisition shear wave according to face ripple can be identical with a upper embodiment,
Will not be repeated here.
Wherein, specifically obtain it is N number of meet head on to the method for the distance in coal seam, can be identical with step 305, differ only in
The spread speed of the shear wave for being used is different.For example, can according to it is following apart from computing formula obtain it is N number of meet head on to coal seam away from
From：
D2(i)=V2(i)*(T3(i)-T2(i))/2
Wherein, V2I () represents the spread speed V according to N number of face ripple1The spread speed of i N number of shear wave that () gets respectively,
I represents i-th sensor, and span is the natural number of 1-N.
In embodiments of the present invention, focus may be located remotely from sensor and meet head on, and such as focus is first with the distance met head on
Predeterminable range, N number of sensor can be the second predeterminable range with the distance of focus, and N number of sensor can be with the distance met head on
3rd predeterminable range, wherein, the second predeterminable range is the distance of nearest apart from focus sensor in N number of sensor and focus,
First predeterminable range is equal to the second predeterminable range and the 3rd predeterminable range sum, and the second predeterminable range is less than the 3rd predeterminable range；
Exemplary, the 3rd predeterminable range can be set as 30 meters, and the second predeterminable range can be set as 2 meters, the spacing of N number of sensor
From equal or different, for ease of calculating, the distance between N number of sensor can be set as 2 meters.In addition, the 3rd predeterminable range
Can also be other possible distances with the second predeterminable range, but should can be from the signal for not influenceing roadway construction and focus to produce
Coal seam reflects and is received by sensor and is defined, its specific value can according to the actual requirements depending on, do not limit herein.
In embodiments of the present invention, sensor can be：One-dimensional sensor, or multidimensional sensor.When sensor is one
During dimension sensor, perpendicular to the ground level in exposed coal tunnel, N number of sensor can be one-dimensional sensor for the direction of the sensor, or
Be multidimensional sensor, or both combination.In addition, be worth mentioning, 303~step 305 of above-mentioned steps or step 303~step
Calculating process in rapid 3051 can be by computing device, and the processor can be independently of focus and sensor, it is also possible to integrated
It is numerous to list herein in other forms on sensor, have in addition been likely to, and above-mentioned several implementations are only only to show
Example property, be not the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
The method by being measured using multiple sensors, is acquired multiple and meets head on to arrive coal seam in the present embodiment
Distance, then average, error can be reduced, further improve the degree of accuracy of measurement result.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of measurement apparatus, as shown in fig. 6, the device can include focus 01, N number of sensing
Device 02 and a processor 03, focus 01 and N number of sensor 02 are connected with processor 03 respectively, focus 01 and N number of sensor 02
Be arranged on the ground level in exposed coal tunnel, N number of sensor 02 is located between the meeting head on of focus 01 and exposed coal tunnel, and with focus 01
Positioned at same straight line, in the axis in exposed coal tunnel, wherein N is positive integer to the straight line parallel, and N is more than or equal to 1, wherein：
Focus 01 is used to produce the Horizon along exposed coal tunnel towards the face ripple for meeting head on to propagate, and starts timing.
N number of sensor 02 is used to receive the face ripple transmitted from focus 01, obtains from focus 01 and produces face ripple to face ripple to distinguish
Reach N number of first propagation time of N number of sensor 02；It is additionally operable to receive the face ripple for meeting head on to be reflected back, acquisition is produced from focus 01
Face ripple to the face ripple being reflected back arrives separately at N number of second propagation time of N number of sensor 02；It is additionally operable to receive what coal seam was reflected back
Shear wave, obtains from focus 01 and produces face ripple to the shear wave being reflected back to arrive separately at N number of 3rd propagation time of N number of sensor 02.
Processor 03 be used for according to N number of first propagation time, N number of second propagation time, and N number of sensor 02 with meet head on
Distance, obtain face ripple spread speed；
Processor 03 is additionally operable to be obtained according to the spread speed of face ripple the spread speed of shear wave；
Processor 03 is additionally operable to the spread speed according to shear wave, and N number of second propagation time and N number of 3rd propagation time are obtained
Take described meeting head on to the distance in the coal seam.
Optionally, processor 03 can be specifically for：If N is equal to 1, obtained for the second propagation time with the first propagation time
Time difference, and according to 1/2nd durations of time difference, and the distance that sensor 02 is met head on described in, obtain the propagation of face ripple
Speed；
If N is more than 1, the second propagation time of each sensor 02 acquisition and the time in the first propagation time are obtained respectively
Difference, obtains N number of time difference；
/ 2nd durations according to N number of time difference, and N number of sensor 02 respectively and the distance met head on, obtain N
Individual spread speed；
Obtain the average speed of N number of spread speed, using average speed as the face ripple spread speed.
Optionally, processor 03 can also be specifically for：
The relation of spread speed according to face ripple and the spread speed of shear wave, and face ripple spread speed, obtain shear wave
Spread speed；
Or,
According to the spread speed of face ripple, the spread speed of shear wave is obtained using velocity inversion method.
Optionally, processor 03 can also be specifically for：
If N is equal to 1, the time difference in the 3rd propagation time and the second propagation time is obtained, and according to the two of the time difference/
One duration, and the spread speed of shear wave obtains the distance met head on to coal seam；
If N is more than 1, the 3rd propagation time of each sensor 02 acquisition and the time in the second propagation time are obtained respectively
Difference, obtains N number of time difference；
Respectively according to 1/2nd durations of N number of time difference, and the shear wave spread speed obtain it is N number of away from
From；
The average distance of N number of distance is obtained, the average distance is met head on to the distance in the coal seam as described.
In addition, optional, focus 01 and the distance met head on are the first predeterminable range, N number of sensor 02 and focus 01 away from
From being the second predeterminable range, N number of sensor 02 is the 3rd predeterminable range with the distance met head on；Wherein, the second predeterminable range is N number of
Sensor 02 nearest apart from focus 01 in sensor 02 and the distance of focus 01, the first predeterminable range are equal to the second predeterminable range
With the 3rd predeterminable range sum, the second predeterminable range is less than the 3rd predeterminable range；
Wherein, if N is more than 1, distance is equal or different between N number of sensor 02；
Wherein, N number of sensor 02 includes：One-dimensional sensor or multidimensional sensor, when sensor 02 is one-dimensional sensor
When, the direction of sensor 02 is perpendicular to ground level.N number of sensor can be one-dimensional sensor, or be multidimensional sensor, or two
The combination of person.In addition, be worth mentioning, the calculating process in the present embodiment can be by computing device, and the processor can be only
Stand on focus and sensor, it is also possible to be integrated on sensor, be in addition likely to other forms, do not arrange one by one herein
Lift.
In addition to aforesaid way, also the spread speed of N number of shear wave can be obtained using the spread speed by N number of face ripple, entered
And according to N number of 3rd propagation time and 1/2nd durations of the time difference in the second propagation time, acquisition is met head on to the flat of coal seam
The method of equal distance.
Wherein, the ground level generation that focus 01 can be by hammering exposed coal tunnel is passed along the Horizon in exposed coal tunnel towards meeting head on
The face ripple broadcast, in addition, it would however also be possible to employ other possible apparatus and method generation focus, the present invention is limited not to this
It is fixed.
Focus in the present embodiment may be located remotely from sensor meets head on, such as focus and the distance met head on be first it is default away from
From N number of sensor can be the second predeterminable range with the distance of focus, and N number of sensor can be the 3rd pre- with the distance met head on
If distance, wherein, the second predeterminable range is the distance of nearest apart from focus sensor in N number of sensor and focus, and first is pre-
If distance is equal to the second predeterminable range and the 3rd predeterminable range sum, the second predeterminable range is less than the 3rd predeterminable range；It is exemplary
, the 3rd predeterminable range can be set as 30 meters, and the second predeterminable range can be set as 2 meters, and distance is equal between N number of sensor
Or, for ease of calculating, the distance between N number of sensor can be set as 2 meters.In addition, the 3rd predeterminable range and second
Predeterminable range can also be other possible distances, but should can be anti-from coal seam with the signal for not influenceing roadway construction and focus to produce
Be emitted back towards coming and received by sensor to be defined, its specific value can according to the actual requirements depending on, do not limit herein.
The present embodiment is used to realize above-mentioned each method embodiment that the workflow of unit and work to be former in the present embodiment
Reason will not be repeated here referring to the description in above-mentioned each method embodiment.
The embodiment of the present invention provides the measurement apparatus in a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, and the device includes focus, treatment
Device and N number of sensor, wherein, focus and N number of sensor are connected with processor respectively, and focus and N number of sensor are arranged on exposed coal
On the ground level in tunnel, N number of sensor is located between the meeting head on of focus and exposed coal tunnel, and is located at same straight line with focus, should
In the axis in exposed coal tunnel, wherein N is positive integer to straight line parallel, and N is more than or equal to 1.The device is applied to the present invention and implements
The measuring method that example is provided, by the face ripple for using energy stronger, therefore is difficult to be disturbed, it is possible to increase measurement accuracy, improves
The reliability of measurement result, simultaneously because the implementation of the embodiment of the present invention is met head on away from tunnel, so as to ensure that construction is normally entered
OK.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that：Realizing all or part of step of above-mentioned each method embodiment can lead to
The related hardware of programmed instruction is crossed to complete.Foregoing program can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium.The journey
Sequence upon execution, performs the step of including above-mentioned each method embodiment；And foregoing storage medium includes：ROM, RAM, magnetic disc or
Person's CD etc. is various can be with the medium of store program codes.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Pipe has been described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments to the present invention, it will be understood by those within the art that：Its according to
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, or which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. the measuring method of a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, it is characterised in that be applied to a kind of measurement apparatus, the measurement
Device includes focus and N number of sensor, and N number of sensor is located between the meeting head on of the focus and exposed coal tunnel, and with institute
Focus is stated positioned at same straight line, in the axis in the exposed coal tunnel, wherein N is positive integer to the straight line parallel, and N is more than or waits
In 1；Methods described includes：
Horizon along the exposed coal tunnel is produced towards the face ripple met head on and propagate by focus, and starts timing；
The face ripple transmitted from the focus is received by N number of sensor, is obtained from the focus and is produced the face ripple to institute
The face ripple of stating arrives separately at N number of first propagation time of N number of sensor；N number of sensor meets head on to be reflected back described in receiving
Face ripple, obtain from the focus and produce the face ripple to the face ripple being reflected back to arrive separately at the N number of of N number of sensor
Second propagation time；N number of sensor receives the shear wave that coal seam is reflected back, and obtains and produces the face ripple to institute from the focus
State N number of 3rd propagation time that the shear wave being reflected back arrives separately at N number of sensor；
According to N number of first propagation time, N number of second propagation time, and N number of sensor are met head on described
Distance, obtains the spread speed of the face ripple；
Spread speed according to the face ripple obtains the spread speed of the shear wave；
According to the spread speed of the shear wave, N number of second propagation time and N number of 3rd propagation time obtain described
Meet head on to the distance in the coal seam.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that according to N number of first propagation time, described N number of second
Propagation time, and N number of sensor and the distance met head on, the spread speed for obtaining the face ripple include：
If N is equal to 1, the time difference in second propagation time and first propagation time is obtained, and according to the time difference
1/2nd durations, and the distance that sensor is met head on described in obtains the spread speed of the face ripple；
If N is more than 1, second propagation time and the time difference in the first propagation time of each sensor acquisition are obtained respectively, obtain N
The individual time difference；
Respectively according to 1/2nd durations of N number of time difference, and N number of sensor and the distance met head on, obtain
Take N number of spread speed；
Obtain the average speed of N number of spread speed, using the average speed as the face ripple spread speed.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described that the horizontal stroke is obtained according to the spread speed of the face ripple
The spread speed of ripple includes：
The relation of spread speed according to face ripple and the spread speed of shear wave, and the face ripple spread speed, obtain described
The spread speed of shear wave；
Or,
According to the spread speed of the face ripple, the spread speed of the shear wave is obtained using velocity inversion method.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the spread speed according to the shear wave, described N number of
The distance met head on to the coal seam described in two propagation times and N number of 3rd propagation time acquisition includes：
If N is equal to 1, the time difference in the 3rd propagation time and second propagation time is obtained, and according to the time difference
1/2nd durations, and the shear wave spread speed obtain described in meet head on to the distance in the coal seam；
If N is more than 1, the 3rd propagation time and the time difference in the second propagation time of each sensor acquisition are obtained respectively, obtain N
The individual time difference；
Respectively according to 1/2nd durations of N number of time difference, and the spread speed of the shear wave obtains N number of distance；
The average distance of N number of distance is obtained, the average distance is met head on to the distance in the coal seam as described.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the focus and the distance met head on be first it is default away from
From N number of sensor is the second predeterminable range, N number of sensor and the distance met head on the distance of the focus
It is the 3rd predeterminable range；Wherein, second predeterminable range is the nearest sensor of focus described in distance in N number of sensor
With the distance of the focus, first predeterminable range be equal to second predeterminable range and the 3rd predeterminable range sum,
Second predeterminable range is less than the 3rd predeterminable range；
If N is more than 1, distance is equal or different between N number of sensor；
Wherein, N number of sensor includes：One-dimensional sensor or multidimensional sensor, when sensor is one-dimensional sensor, institute
The direction of sensor is stated perpendicular to the ground level.
6. measurement apparatus of a kind of exposed coal tunnel and coal seam distance, it is characterised in that described device includes focus, processor and N
Individual sensor, the focus and N number of sensor are connected with the processor respectively, the focus and N number of sensor
Be arranged on the ground level in exposed coal tunnel, N number of sensor is located between the meeting head on of the focus and exposed coal tunnel, and with institute
Focus is stated positioned at same straight line, in the axis in the exposed coal tunnel, wherein N is positive integer to the straight line parallel, and N is more than or waits
In 1；
The focus is used to produce the Horizon along the exposed coal tunnel towards the face ripple met head on and propagate, and starts timing；
N number of sensor is used to receive the face ripple transmitted from the focus, obtains from the focus and produces the face ripple to institute
The face ripple of stating arrives separately at N number of first propagation time of N number of sensor；N number of sensor is additionally operable to be met head on described in reception
The face ripple being reflected back, obtains from the focus and produces the face ripple to the face ripple being reflected back to arrive separately at N number of sensing
N number of second propagation time of device；N number of sensor is additionally operable to receive the shear wave that coal seam is reflected back, and obtains and is produced from the focus
The life face ripple arrives separately at N number of 3rd propagation time of N number of sensor to the shear wave being reflected back；
The processor is used for according to N number of first propagation time, N number of second propagation time, and N number of sensing
Device and the distance met head on, obtain the spread speed of the face ripple；
The processor is additionally operable to be obtained according to the spread speed of the face ripple spread speed of the shear wave；
The processor is additionally operable to the spread speed according to the shear wave, N number of second propagation time and the described N number of 3rd
Propagation time meets head on to the distance in the coal seam described in obtaining.
7. measurement apparatus of exposed coal tunnel according to claim 6 and coal seam distance, it is characterised in that the treatment utensil
Body is used for：
If N is equal to 1, the time difference in second propagation time and first propagation time is obtained, and according to the time difference
1/2nd durations, and the distance that sensor is met head on described in obtains the spread speed of the face ripple；
If N is more than 1, second propagation time and the time difference in the first propagation time of each sensor acquisition are obtained respectively, obtain N
The individual time difference；
Respectively according to 1/2nd durations of N number of time difference, and N number of sensor and the distance met head on, obtain
Take N number of spread speed；
Obtain the average speed of N number of spread speed, using the average speed as the face ripple spread speed.
8. measurement apparatus of exposed coal tunnel according to claim 6 and coal seam distance, it is characterised in that the treatment utensil
Body is used for：
The relation of spread speed according to face ripple and the spread speed of shear wave, and the face ripple spread speed, obtain described
The spread speed of shear wave；
Or,
According to the spread speed of the face ripple, the spread speed of the shear wave is obtained using velocity inversion method.
9. measurement apparatus of exposed coal tunnel according to claim 6 and coal seam distance, it is characterised in that the treatment utensil
Body is used for：
If N is equal to 1, the time difference in the 3rd propagation time and second propagation time is obtained, and according to the time difference
1/2nd durations, and the shear wave spread speed obtain described in meet head on to the distance in the coal seam；
If N is more than 1, the 3rd propagation time and the time difference in the second propagation time of each sensor acquisition are obtained respectively, obtain N
The individual time difference；
Respectively according to 1/2nd durations of N number of time difference, and the spread speed of the shear wave obtains N number of distance；
The average distance of N number of distance is obtained, the average distance is met head on to the distance in the coal seam as described.
10. measurement apparatus of exposed coal tunnel according to claim 6 and coal seam distance, it is characterised in that the focus with
The distance met head on is the first predeterminable range, and N number of sensor is the second predeterminable range with the distance of the focus, described
N number of sensor is the 3rd predeterminable range with the distance met head on；Wherein, second predeterminable range is N number of sensor
The distance of the middle sensor nearest apart from the focus and the focus, first predeterminable range be equal to described second it is default away from
From with the 3rd predeterminable range sum, second predeterminable range be less than the 3rd predeterminable range；
If N is more than 1, distance is equal or different between N number of sensor；
Wherein, N number of sensor includes：One-dimensional sensor or multidimensional sensor, when sensor is one-dimensional sensor, institute
The direction of sensor is stated perpendicular to the ground level.
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| CN101644774A (en) * | 2009-07-07 | 2010-02-10 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Method based on linear programming for locating near-field targets and system thereof |
| CN101887124A (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2010-11-17 | 西门子公司 | Be used for determining the apparatus and method of position |
| CN204215037U (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-03-18 | 平安煤矿瓦斯治理国家工程研究中心有限责任公司 | Measurement mechanism |
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| CN101887124A (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2010-11-17 | 西门子公司 | Be used for determining the apparatus and method of position |
| CN101644774A (en) * | 2009-07-07 | 2010-02-10 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Method based on linear programming for locating near-field targets and system thereof |
| CN204215037U (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-03-18 | 平安煤矿瓦斯治理国家工程研究中心有限责任公司 | Measurement mechanism |
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