CN106324682B - A kind of surface structure survey method applied to frozen soil layer area - Google Patents
A kind of surface structure survey method applied to frozen soil layer area Download PDFInfo
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- CN106324682B CN106324682B CN201610833781.1A CN201610833781A CN106324682B CN 106324682 B CN106324682 B CN 106324682B CN 201610833781 A CN201610833781 A CN 201610833781A CN 106324682 B CN106324682 B CN 106324682B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/12—Signal generation
- G01V2210/129—Source location
- G01V2210/1299—Subsurface, e.g. in borehole or below weathering layer or mud line
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/14—Signal detection
- G01V2210/142—Receiver location
- G01V2210/1425—Land surface
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/14—Signal detection
- G01V2210/142—Receiver location
- G01V2210/1429—Subsurface, e.g. in borehole or below weathering layer or mud line
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/16—Survey configurations
- G01V2210/163—Cross-well
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
- G01V2210/53—Statics correction, e.g. weathering layer or transformation to a datum
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of surface structure survey methods applied to frozen soil layer area.Method includes the following steps: 1) in target point drilling well, which passes through weathering zone, reduction of speed band, and when drilling well records the thickness of frozen soil layer；2) geophone device is placed at the lower interface of frozen soil layer, lays surface geophone in well head；Excitation point is laid in the lower section of geophone device；3) excitation sampling；According to surface geophone and geophone device received data analyzed to get.This method passes through the reasonable setting of surface geophone, geophone device, and the laying of excitation point, proposes a kind of surface structure survey method suitable for frozen soil layer area under frozen soil layer；This method investigation precision is high, reduces the exploration cost in frozen soil layer area, meets the requirement that fine surface structure model is established in high precision seismic exploration application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to petroleum gas seismic prospectings to investigate field, and in particular to a kind of table applied to frozen soil layer area
Layer energy structure survey method.
Background technique
In seismic prospecting, the precision of surficial geology energy structure survey is most important, and can it be earthquake stimulation that it had both been related to
The selection of parameter provides reliable foundation, be also related to can, reduction of speed low for surface layer with static correction provide accurate data.Static correction
It is the key that seismic data is correctly imaged, affects the Overlay of seismic data and the accuracy of structural configuration, or even influence
To the resolution ratio of seismic profile.High-precision surface structure survey is one of the important prerequisite for obtaining high precision seismic exploration.
Common surface structure survey method has little refraction, mini-log etc..Little refraction is to utilize Distance Curve of Refraction Wave for Shallow and straight
A kind of near-surface investigation method of surface structure is studied up to wave, using seismic wave with critical surface incidence underground refracting interface
(VOn< VUnder) when generate the refraction basic theories of refracted wave slided along interface, according to refracted wave current political situation equation, from what is observed
First arrival time is started with, and skin depth, rate pattern are calculated.Mini-log is that near surface is low, drilling of reduction of speed band using punching,
It carries out exciting (reception) ground receiver (excitation) in well, low, reduction of speed tape speed and thickness is studied using transmitted wave first arrival time
Method.Mini-log includes individual well micro logging, dual-borehole microlog etc..
CN104297797A discloses a kind of thick loess tableland district refraction micro logging investigation.Its method includes: with normal
It is preferred to select suitable position as excitation well in thick loess tableland district based on the investigation method for advising micro logging, and design and swash
Send out well excitation condition；Based on the investigation method of conventional little refraction, embedding multiple wave detectors utilize the seismic wave of different directions
Propagation characteristic corrects the time difference caused by micro logging well depth；It is recorded by micro logging and little refraction investigation, obtains reflection near surface
The direct wave of structure, reflection involve refracted wave information；And two kinds of investigation method results of micro logging and little refraction are combined
It explains, carries out the near surface structure investigation of thick loess tableland, establish fine near surface structure model.
In winter in the northern area of China, due to the influence of frozen soil layer, little refraction, individual well mini-log be can no longer meet
The required precision of surface texture investigation, can not accurately provide that surface layer is low, velocity interface and velocity amplitude of reduction of speed band, investigate
Surface structure model and actual error out is larger.Dual-borehole microlog method can be selected more accurately most for field seismic data acquisition
Good excitation li thology and well depth, it is ensured that field seismic data acquisition quality, but the disadvantage is that need two mouthfuls of drilling wells, higher cost,
Frozen soil layer area, this disadvantage are more obvious.A kind of individual well micro logging method with high accuracy is provided for the ground in frozen soil layer area
Seismic exploration application is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of surface structure survey methods applied to frozen soil layer area, to solve existing
Individual well micro logging method frozen soil layer area interpretation results inaccuracy problem.
In order to achieve the goal above, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of surface structure survey method applied to frozen soil layer area, comprising the following steps:
1) in target point drilling well, which passes through weathering zone, reduction of speed band, and when drilling well records the thickness of frozen soil layer；
2) geophone device is placed at the lower interface of frozen soil layer, lays surface geophone in well head；In geophone device
Lay excitation point in lower section；
3) excitation sampling；According to surface geophone and geophone device received data analyzed to get.
In step 2), according to the needs of surficial geology seismic condition, in the range of the diameter of well head is 1m, it is fan-shaped or
Square lays multiple surface geophones.Preferably, the quantity of surface geophone is 12；It is correspondingly formed 12 ground receivers.
In step 2), with the increase of well depth, excitation point is laid to thin principle sublevel time is equidistant by by close.
Preferably, the sublevel time is equidistant lays excitation point in the following ways: using the position of geophone device as base
Standard, when the depth apart from geophone device is 0-3m (the first rank), an excitation point is arranged in every 0.5m；When 3-8m (second-order),
An excitation point is arranged in every 1m；When 10-20m (third rank), mono- excitation point of every 2m；When 20m or more (fourth order), every 3m setting
One excitation point.I.e. 0m, 0.5m, 1m, 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m, 3m, 4m, 5m, 6m, 7m, 8m, 10m, 12m, 14m, 16m, 18m,
Excitation point is laid at 20m, 23m, 26m, 29m respectively.
Surface geophone and geophone type number are identical.The frequency of the two is 10Hz~40Hz.Surface geophone and
Geophone device forms 13 receptions altogether.
In step 3), the received micro-logging data of wave detector institute, analysis obtain the following surface structure of frozen soil layer under base area
Speed and thickness changing rule in the longitudinal direction；Utilize surface geophone and the time difference of geophone device and the thickness of frozen soil layer
Degree, is calculated the speed of frozen soil layer.
It, can basis by carrying out data processing explanation and Wave dynamics analysis to the received micro-logging data of wave detector institute
Direct wave, back wave, refracted wave wave character frozen soil layer, low speed can be obtained in conjunction with the when depth Fitting Analysis of particular lane
The corresponding information of the surface structures such as band, reduction of speed band.
Surface structure survey method applied to frozen soil layer area of the invention, passes through surface geophone, geophone device
Reasonable setting, the laying of excitation point, proposes a kind of surface structure survey method suitable for frozen soil layer area under frozen soil layer；
This method carries out excitation, downhole receiving in well in a well, not only increases the investigation precision of surface structure, and use individual well
Micro logging greatly reduces the exploration cost in frozen soil layer area, meets in high precision seismic exploration application and establishes fine table
The requirement of model of a layered structure.Method of the invention eliminates the influence that frozen soil layer covers stratum under, makes the investigation essence of surface structure
Du Genggao；This method can provide authentic data for earthquake stimulation well depth design, determine best shooting depth and lithology, while
Indoor processing for the seismic data in work area provides static correction value.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of surface structure survey method of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the interpretation results figure of certain exploration area routine micro logging method；
Fig. 3 is the interpretation results figure of certain exploration area surface structure survey method of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further explained in the light of specific embodiments.
Embodiment
The surface structure survey method applied to frozen soil layer area of the present embodiment, the seismic prospecting applied to sub-coupling system
In, comprising the following steps:
1) in target point drilling well, which passes through weathering zone, reduction of speed band, and when drilling well records the thickness of frozen soil layer；
2) as shown in Figure 1, placing geophone device at the lower interface of frozen soil layer, it is in the range of the diameter of well head is 1m
Square lays 12 wave detectors, and geophone device is identical with the model of surface geophone, and frequency is 10Hz；
3) excitation sampling: on the basis of the position of geophone device, with the increase of well depth, divide by by close to thin principle
Order equidistantly lays excitation point；When depth apart from geophone device is 0-3m (the first rank), an excitation is arranged in every 0.5m
Point；When 3-8m (second-order), an excitation point is arranged in every 1m；When 10-20m (third rank), mono- excitation point of every 2m；20m or more
When (fourth order), an excitation point is arranged in every 3m；
4) the received micro-logging data of wave detector institute under base area, analysis obtain surface layer below frozen soil layer in earthquake work area and tie
The changing rule of the speed and thickness of structure in the longitudinal direction；Time difference and frozen soil layer using surface geophone and geophone device
The speed of frozen soil layer is calculated in thickness.
Comparative example
The surface structure survey method of comparative example, target area is identical as embodiment, using conventional individual well micro logging method, packet
Include following steps:
1) in target point drilling well, which passes through weathering zone, reduction of speed band；
2) it is rectangular in shape in the range of the diameter of well head is 1m and lays 12 wave detectors, frequency is 10Hz；
3) excitation sampling: on the basis of the position of surface geophone, with the increase of well depth, divide by by close to thin principle
Order equidistantly lays excitation point；When depth apart from geophone device is 0-3m (the first rank), an excitation is arranged in every 0.5m
Point；When 3-8m (second-order), an excitation point is arranged in every 1m；When 10-20m (third rank), mono- excitation point of every 2m；20m or more
When (fourth order), an excitation point is arranged in every 3m；
4) according to the received micro-logging data of surface geophone institute, analysis obtain earthquake work area endosexine structure speed and
The changing rule of thickness in the longitudinal direction；Depth relational graph when foundation obtains the speed and thickness information of near surface.
Embodiment interpretation results figure is as shown in Fig. 2, the interpretation results figure of comparative example is as shown in Figure 3.As seen from the figure, comparative example
Weathering zone and reduction of speed band data corruption, it is irregular to follow；And weathering zone and reduction of speed the band data regularity of embodiment are brighter
It is aobvious.Meanwhile the weathering zone and reduction of speed of embodiment acquisition meet with the surface structure model that data are established with actual conditions, illustrate this
The near-surface investigation method precision of invention is higher.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of surface structure survey method applied to frozen soil layer area, which comprises the following steps:
1) in target point drilling well, which passes through weathering zone, reduction of speed band, and when drilling well records the thickness of frozen soil layer；
2) geophone device is placed at the lower interface of frozen soil layer, lays surface geophone in well head；In the lower section of geophone device
Lay excitation point；
3) excitation sampling；According to surface geophone and geophone device received data analyzed to get；
In step 2, according to the needs of surficial geology seismic condition, in the range of the diameter of well head is 1m, fan-shaped or right angle
Shape lays multiple surface geophones；
In step 2, with the increase of well depth, excitation point is laid to thin principle sublevel time is equidistant by by close；The sublevel
Equidistant to lay excitation point in the following ways: on the basis of the position of geophone device, the depth apart from geophone device is
When 0-3m, an excitation point is arranged in every 0.5m；When 3-8m, an excitation point is arranged in every 1m；When 10-20m, every 2m mono- excitation
Point；When 20m or more, an excitation point is arranged in every 3m；
In step 3), the received micro-logging data of wave detector institute, analysis obtain the speed of the following surface structure of frozen soil layer under base area
Degree and the changing rule of thickness in the longitudinal direction；Utilize surface geophone and the time difference data of geophone device and the thickness of frozen soil layer
Degree, is calculated the speed of frozen soil layer.
2. being applied to the surface structure survey method in frozen soil layer area as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that ground detection
The quantity of device is 12.
3. being applied to the surface structure survey method in frozen soil layer area as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that ground detection
Device and geophone type number are identical.
4. being applied to the surface structure survey method in frozen soil layer area as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that ground detection
The frequency of device and geophone device is 10Hz~40Hz.
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| CN106855641A (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2017-06-16 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of method of utilization detection of seismic reflected wave an ultra shallow layer tomography |
| CN107015271B (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2019-02-15 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Surface structure survey method and apparatus |
| CN107957593B (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-07-02 | 中国民航大学 | A kind of Thick Underground Ice degeneration monitoring system and control evaluation method |
| CN108303730A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-07-20 | 上海申丰地质新技术应用研究所有限公司 | A kind of engineering three-dimensional double source Surface wave prospecting method and system |
| CN112305601B (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2024-05-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Design method of seismic exploration acquisition excitation well based on tomographic inversion |
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