CN107544087A - Method and device for measuring near-surface stratum quality factor - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring near-surface stratum quality factor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring a near-surface stratum quality factor, and belongs to the technical field of petroleum seismic exploration. The method comprises the steps of determining the frequency spectrums of seismic waves detected by a first geophone and a second geophone respectively, wherein the first geophone and the second geophone are arranged at the bottom and the top of a receiving well respectively, the seismic waves are excited by an excitation point arranged at the bottom of an excitation well, the depth of the excitation well is greater than the thickness of a low-speed layer, the depth of the receiving well is less than the thickness of the low-speed layer, determining the frequency spectrums of the seismic waves detected by a plurality of third geophones, and determining a near-surface stratum quality factor based on the frequency spectrums of the seismic waves detected by the first geophone, the second geophone and the third geophones respectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil seismic exploration technical field, more particularly to a kind of side of with measuring near surface interval quality factors
Method and device.
Background technology
Near surface is generally layer structure, and mainly including low velocity layer, the low velocity layer can include low velocity layer (LVL) and low again
Fast layer underlying strata, wherein, the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata is located at below the low velocity layer (LVL).Due to easily being acted on by weathering and erosion etc.
Influence, near surface has strong absorption and attenuation to seismic wave, so as to have a strong impact on the penetration depth of seismic wave
And resolution capability, it is right so as to according to the ground interval quality factors for this reason, it may be necessary to measured to the ground interval quality factors of near surface
Seismic wave compensates in the absorption and decay of near surface.
In the prior art, generally use dual-borehole microlog technology measurement near surface ground interval quality factors, specifically, according to
Well spacing is specified to bore the Liang Koujing of same depth, the usual depth requirements punch low velocity layer (LVL), reach low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, wherein
For a bite well as excitation well, another mouthful of well uses detonator equal excitation as received well in the excitation well, to produce seismic wave, and
And the wave detector for receiving seismic wave is assigned respectively in the shaft bottom of received well and well head, afterwards, by the shaft bottom and the well
Mouthful the seismic wave that receives of wave detector carry out technical Analysis, you can calculate near surface stratum quality in the depth bounds because
Son.
During the present invention is realized, inventor has found that prior art at least has problems with：
However, when by dual-borehole microlog technology with measuring near surface interval quality factors, due to low velocity layer (LVL) bottom interface pair
Seismic wave has strong reflection effect, i.e., ghosting is easily produced, so as to cause what the wave detector in the shaft bottom of received well was received
Seismic wave interferes.
The content of the invention
In order to solve problem of the prior art, the embodiments of the invention provide a kind of with measuring near surface interval quality factors
Method.The technical scheme is as follows：
On the one hand, there is provided a kind of method of with measuring near surface interval quality factors, methods described include：
The frequency spectrum of first detector and the seismic wave of second detector detection, the first detector and described are determined respectively
Second detector is respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of received well, and the seismic wave is by being arranged at the shot point in the shaft bottom of excitation well
Excite, the depth of the excitation well is more than weathering layer thickness, and the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, and described
At a distance of the first pre-determined distance between received well and the excitation well；
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of multiple third detector detections is determined, wherein, in the excitation well and the reception
The multiple third detector is provided with the line of well position, and the distance between the multiple third detector is second
Pre-determined distance；
Described in being detected respectively based on the first detector, the second detector and the multiple third detector
The frequency spectrum of seismic wave, determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface.
Alternatively, it is described based on the first detector, the second detector and the multiple third detector point
The frequency spectrum for the seismic wave not detected, the ground interval quality factors of near surface are determined, including：
Based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are determined, first frequency spectrum is institute
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector detection is stated, second frequency spectrum is the earthquake of second detector detection
The frequency spectrum of ripple；
Based on second frequency spectrum and multiple 3rd frequency spectrums, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata are determined,
In the multiple 3rd frequency spectrum each 3rd frequency spectrum for corresponding third detector detection in the multiple third detector institute
State the frequency spectrum of seismic wave；
The ground interval quality factors of ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata based on the low velocity layer (LVL), determine institute
State the ground interval quality factors of near surface.
Alternatively, the stratum quality of the ground interval quality factors based on the low velocity layer (LVL) and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
The factor, the ground interval quality factors of the near surface are determined, including：
By specifying formula, the stratum product of ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata based on the low velocity layer (LVL)
Prime factor, determine the ground interval quality factors of the near surface；
The specified formula is：
Wherein, the Q be the near surface ground interval quality factors, the Q1For the low velocity layer (LVL) stratum quality because
Son, the Q2For the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the t1It is the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL)
Propagation time, the t2For propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, and the t1With the t2It is
By micro logging technology, measurement obtains in advance.
Alternatively, the ground for being based on second frequency spectrum and multiple 3rd frequency spectrums, determining the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
Interval quality factors, including：
From second frequency spectrum and the multiple 3rd frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors between each two frequency spectrum are determined,
Obtain multiple ground interval quality factors；
The average value of resulting multiple ground interval quality factors is defined as to the stratum quality of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
The factor.
Alternatively, it is described to be based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are determined, including：
Based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, by compose than method determine the stratum quality of the low velocity layer (LVL) because
Son.
On the other hand, there is provided a kind of square law device of with measuring near surface interval quality factors, described device include：
First determining module, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave for determining first detector and second detector detection respectively, institute
State first detector and the second detector is respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of received well, the seismic wave is sharp by being arranged at
The shot point for sending out the shaft bottom of well excites, and the depth of the excitation well is more than weathering layer thickness, and the depth of the received well is less than institute
Weathering layer thickness is stated, and at a distance of the first pre-determined distance between the received well and the excitation well；
Second determining module, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave for determining multiple third detector detections, wherein, described
The multiple third detector, and the multiple third detector are provided with excitation well and received well position line
The distance between be the second pre-determined distance；
3rd determining module, for based on the first detector, the second detector and the multiple 3rd inspection
The frequency spectrum for the seismic wave that ripple device detects respectively, determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface.
Alternatively, the 3rd determining module includes：
First determining unit, for based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, determining the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL),
First frequency spectrum is the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector detection, and second frequency spectrum is second detection
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of device detection；
Second determining unit, for based on second frequency spectrum and multiple 3rd frequency spectrums, determining to throw oneself on the ground under the low velocity layer (LVL)
The ground interval quality factors of layer, each 3rd frequency spectrum is the corresponding in the multiple third detector in the multiple 3rd frequency spectrum
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of three wave detectors detection；
3rd determining unit, for the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) that are determined based on first determining unit and
The ground interval quality factors for the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata that second determining unit determines, determine the stratum product of the near surface
Prime factor.
Alternatively, the 3rd determining unit is used for：
By specifying formula, the stratum product of ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata based on the low velocity layer (LVL)
Prime factor, determine the ground interval quality factors of the near surface；
The specified formula is：
Wherein, the Q be the near surface ground interval quality factors, the Q1For the low velocity layer (LVL) stratum quality because
Son, the Q2For the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the t1It is the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL)
Propagation time, the t2For propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, and the t1With the t2It is
By micro logging technology, measurement obtains in advance.
Alternatively, second determining unit is used for：
From second frequency spectrum and the multiple 3rd frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors between each two frequency spectrum are determined,
Obtain multiple ground interval quality factors；
The average value of resulting multiple ground interval quality factors is defined as to the stratum quality of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
The factor.
Alternatively, first determining unit is used for：
Based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, by compose than method determine the stratum quality of the low velocity layer (LVL) because
Son.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention is brought is：
In embodiments of the present invention, excited, produced more than the shot point in the shaft bottom of the excitation well of low velocity layer (LVL) by being arranged at depth
After dried rhizome of rehmannia seismic wave, the frequency spectrum of first detector and the seismic wave of second detector detection is determined respectively, wherein, first detection
Device and the second detector are respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of the received well apart from the pre-determined distance of the excitation well first, in addition,
Further determine that the seismic wave of the multiple third detectors detection set on the excitation well and the received well position line
Frequency spectrum, afterwards, based on the first detector, the second detector and the plurality of third detector detection the seismic wave frequency
Spectrum, you can determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface, because the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, therefore, avoid
Low velocity layer (LVL) bottom interface improves the accuracy of wave detector detection seismic wave to interference caused by the strong reflection of seismic wave, from
And improve the accuracy for the ground interval quality factors for determining the near surface.
Brief description of the drawings
Technical scheme in order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, make required in being described below to embodiment
Accompanying drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, other can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 be a kind of measurement near surface according to an exemplary embodiment interval quality factors method flow diagram.
Fig. 2A be a kind of measurement near surface according to another exemplary embodiment interval quality factors method flow
Figure.
Fig. 2 B are a kind of implementation environment schematic diagrames exemplified according to Fig. 2A implementations.
Fig. 2 C are the schematic diagrames of the seismic wave detected according to a kind of Fig. 2A wave detectors for implementing to exemplify.
Fig. 2 D are a kind of spectrum diagrams of the seismic wave exemplified according to Fig. 2A implementations.
Fig. 3 be a kind of measurement near surface according to an exemplary embodiment the structure of the device of interval quality factors show
It is intended to.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 be a kind of measurement near surface according to an exemplary embodiment interval quality factors method flow diagram,
The measurement near surface the methods of interval quality factors can include the following steps：
Step 101：The frequency spectrum of first detector and the seismic wave of second detector detection, the first detector are determined respectively
It is respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of received well with the second detector, the seismic wave is excited by the shaft bottom for being arranged at excitation well
Point excites, and the depth of the excitation well is more than weathering layer thickness, and the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, and the received well
At a distance of the first pre-determined distance between the excitation well.
Step 102：The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of multiple third detector detections is determined, wherein, connect in the excitation well with this
Receive and the plurality of third detector is provided with the line of well position, and the distance between the plurality of third detector is second pre-
If distance.
Step 103：It is somebody's turn to do based on what the first detector, the second detector and the plurality of third detector detected respectively
The frequency spectrum of seismic wave, determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface.
In embodiments of the present invention, excited, produced more than the shot point in the shaft bottom of the excitation well of low velocity layer (LVL) by being arranged at depth
After dried rhizome of rehmannia seismic wave, the frequency spectrum of first detector and the seismic wave of second detector detection is determined respectively, wherein, first detection
Device and the second detector are respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of the received well apart from the pre-determined distance of the excitation well first, in addition,
Further determine that the seismic wave of the multiple third detectors detection set on the excitation well and the received well position line
Frequency spectrum, afterwards, based on the first detector, the second detector and the plurality of third detector detection the seismic wave frequency
Spectrum, you can determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface, because the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, therefore, avoid
Low velocity layer (LVL) bottom interface improves the accuracy of wave detector detection seismic wave to interference caused by the strong reflection of seismic wave, from
And improve the accuracy for the ground interval quality factors for determining the near surface.
Alternatively, it is somebody's turn to do based on what the first detector, the second detector and the plurality of third detector detected respectively
The frequency spectrum of seismic wave, the ground interval quality factors of near surface are determined, including：
Based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, determine the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), first frequency spectrum for this first
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of wave detector detection, second frequency spectrum are the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of second detector detection；
Based on second frequency spectrum and multiple 3rd frequency spectrums, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata are determined, this is more
Each 3rd frequency spectrum is the seismic wave of corresponding third detector detection in the plurality of third detector in individual 3rd frequency spectrum
Frequency spectrum；
The ground interval quality factors of ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata based on the low velocity layer (LVL), determine the near-earth
The ground interval quality factors of table.
Alternatively, the ground interval quality factors of the ground interval quality factors based on the low velocity layer (LVL) and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, really
The ground interval quality factors of the fixed near surface, including：
By specifying formula, the stratum quality of ground interval quality factors based on the low velocity layer (LVL) and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata because
Son, determine the ground interval quality factors of the near surface；
This specify formula be：
Wherein, the Q be the near surface ground interval quality factors, the Q1For the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), the Q2For this
The ground interval quality factors of low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the t1For propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL), the t2For the earthquake
Propagation time of the ripple in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, and the t1With the t2It is that measurement obtains in advance by micro logging technology.
Alternatively, based on second frequency spectrum and multiple 3rd frequency spectrums, determine the stratum quality of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata because
Son, including：
From second frequency spectrum and the plurality of 3rd frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors between each two frequency spectrum are determined, are obtained
Multiple ground interval quality factors；
By the average value of resulting multiple ground interval quality factors be defined as the stratum quality of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata because
Son.
Alternatively, based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are determined, including：
Based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are determined than method by composing.
Above-mentioned all optional technical schemes, can form the alternative embodiment of the present invention according to any combination, and the present invention is real
Example is applied no longer to repeat this one by one.
Fig. 2A be a kind of measurement near surface according to another exemplary embodiment interval quality factors method flow
Figure, the measurement near surface the methods of interval quality factors can include the following steps：
Step 201：The frequency spectrum of first detector and the seismic wave of second detector detection, the first detector are determined respectively
It is respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of received well with the second detector, the seismic wave is excited by the shaft bottom for being arranged at excitation well
Point excites, and the depth of the excitation well is more than weathering layer thickness, and the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, and the received well
At a distance of the first pre-determined distance between the excitation well.
Wherein, above-mentioned excitation well is used to set shot point, and is excited by the shot point in the excitation well to produce ground
Seismic wave.Above-mentioned received well is used to set wave detector, and the wave detector excites causedly for detecting shot point in the excitation well
Seismic wave.
During seismic prospecting is carried out, technical staff generally can be advance by the technology of such as micro logging or the like
Determine that low velocity layer thickness, the seismic wave of survey area are fast in the propagation time and propagation of low velocity layer (LVL) and low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
The information such as degree, wherein, the micro logging may refer to correlation technique, and this is not described in detail the embodiment of the present invention.Afterwards, technology
Personnel according to the low velocity layer thickness, can determine the depth of excitation well and received well, at present, due to the excitation well and this connect
Receive well depth both pass through low velocity layer (LVL), reach low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, in this way, due to the low velocity layer (LVL) throw oneself on the ground layer bottom interface it is easy
Seismic wave carries out strong reflection caused by excitation well is excited, and therefore, causes the ground of the wave detector detection to the shaft bottom of the received well
Seismic wave interferes.
Therefore, in embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a kind of method of with measuring near surface interval quality factors, refer to figure
2B, a kind of implementation environment schematic diagram is shown, excitation well, received well and multiple wave detectors are included in the implementation environment：
Wherein, the depth of the excitation well is more than the weathering layer thickness, that is to say, is reached in the depth of excitation well under low velocity layer (LVL)
Throw oneself on the ground layer, in addition, in a kind of possible implementation, in order to ensure the reliability of seismic wave uplink, this is excited
The depth of well can be far longer than the depth of the received well.The shaft bottom of the excitation well is provided with shot point, and the shot point is used to swash
Hair produces seismic wave.
Wherein, the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness apart from the pre-determined distance of excitation well first, the depth of the received well,
And the shaft bottom of the received well is provided with first detector, the well head of the received well is provided with second detector, the first detector
With the second detector caused seismic wave is excited for detecting above-mentioned shot point.Because the depth of the received well is low less than this
Fast thickness degree, therefore, for the first detector, the throw oneself on the ground bottom interface of layer of low velocity layer (LVL) can be avoided to excite production to excitation well
The strong reflection of raw seismic wave.
In addition, the plurality of third detector is provided with the excitation well and the received well position line, and this is more
The distance between individual third detector is the second pre-determined distance, and the plurality of third detector, which is equally used for detecting above-mentioned shot point, to swash
Seismic wave caused by hair.
Wherein, above-mentioned first pre-determined distance can by technical staff's self-defined setting according to the actual requirements, for example, this first
Pre-determined distance can be 4 meters, in this case, that is to say, the received well position apart from the excitation well position it
Between distance be 4 meters.
Wherein, second pre-determined distance can also by technical staff's self-defined setting according to the actual requirements, for example, this second
The distance between pre-determined distance can be 10 meters, in this case, that is to say, per two neighboring third detector position
For 10 meters.
Specifically, it is determined that after the low velocity layer thickness of the survey area, multiple measurement point positions are selected in the survey area,
Wherein, the density of the plurality of measurement point position can be by technical staff's self-defined setting according to the actual requirements, for example, can be with every square
Kilometer sets a measurement point position.Afterwards, the excitation well is laid in the center of the plurality of measurement point position, wherein, according to surveying
The geology in exploratory area domain is different, the actual grade of the excitation well can by technical staff's self-defined setting according to the actual requirements, still,
Need to ensure that the depth of the excitation well is more than the weathering layer thickness.For example, in Bay areas, the depth of the excitation well can be selected
20 meters are taken, and it is possible to drill through the excitation well using water drilling technology, if having water in the excitation well, electric spark can be used
Excite.Wherein, water drilling technology may refer to correlation technique, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited this.
Behind the position for having determined the excitation well, apart from the pre-determined distance of excitation well first, select physical features relatively flat
Region, the received well is set, wherein, the depth of the received well is not more than the weathering layer thickness, that is to say, the shaft bottom of the received well
In the low velocity layer (LVL), for example, the depth of the received well can be 2 meters to 5 meters, and distinguish in the shaft bottom of the received well and well head
First detector and second detector are set.Wherein, in order to ensure the first detector and the second detector detection earthquake
The coupling condition of ripple is consistent, that is to say, in order to ensure that the first detector and the second detector detect the external world of the seismic wave
Consistent, the received well can be drilled through using dry eyes drilling technology.Wherein, the dry eyes drilling technology may refer to correlation
Technology, the embodiment of the present invention are not limited this.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 2 B, after the position and the depth that determine the excitation well and the received well, connect in the excitation well with this
Receive on the line of well position, be provided with multiple geophone stations, each one is correspondingly arranged on geophone station in the plurality of geophone station
It third detector, that is to say, on the excitation well and the received well position line, be provided with multiple third detectors.
Step 202：The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of multiple third detector detections is determined, wherein, connect in the excitation well with this
Receive and the plurality of third detector is provided with the line of well position, and the distance between the plurality of third detector is second pre-
If distance.
As described in full text, the plurality of third detector is provided with the excitation well and the received well position line,
Fig. 2 B are refer to, in embodiments of the present invention, second pre-determined distance can be 10 meters, and where the excitation well and received well
9 third detectors are set on the line of position, that is to say, when the received well position is between the excitation well position
Distance be 4 meters when, most artillery spacing be 84 meters, wherein, the most artillery spacing refers to the geophone station farthest apart from the excitation well
The distance between position and the excitation well position, that is to say, the third detector institute set on the 10th is in place
Put the distance between the excitation well position.In addition, in order to which subsequent descriptions are convenient, Fig. 2 B are refer to, will be arranged on here
The first detector position in the shaft bottom of the received well is referred to as the 1st, and this will be arranged on the second of the well head of the received well
Wave detector position is referred to as the 2nd, and by the plurality of third detector position, it is right according to order from left to right
The the 3rd to the 10th should be referred to as.Wherein, in a kind of possible implementation, the seismic wave of every one of wave detector detection is such as
Shown in Fig. 2 C.
Step 203：It is somebody's turn to do based on what the first detector, the second detector and the plurality of third detector detected respectively
The frequency spectrum of seismic wave, determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface.
Wherein, the ground detected respectively based on the first detector, the second detector and the plurality of third detector
The frequency spectrum of seismic wave, determining the specific implementation process of the ground interval quality factors of near surface can include：Based on the first frequency spectrum and second
Frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) being determined, first frequency spectrum is the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector detection,
Second frequency spectrum is the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of second detector detection, based on second frequency spectrum and multiple 3rd frequency spectrums, really
Determine the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, each 3rd frequency spectrum is the plurality of 3rd detection in the plurality of 3rd frequency spectrum
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of corresponding third detector detection, ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) based on the low velocity layer (LVL) in device
The ground interval quality factors of underlying strata, determine the ground interval quality factors of the near surface.
Because the seismic wave is in transmitting procedure, the low velocity layer (LVL) is have passed through, therefore, the first detector and second detection
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of device detection is different, i.e., compared with the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector detection, this second
The spectral decay of the seismic wave of wave detector detection.Therefore, based on first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, you can determine the low speed
The ground interval quality factors of layer.
Wherein, based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, the specific implementation process of the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) is determined
It can include：Based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are confirmed than method using spectrum, its
In, the spectrum may refer to correlation technique than the specific implementation process of method, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited this.
It should be noted that in embodiments of the present invention, it is above-mentioned to be based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, determine that this is low
The implementation of the ground interval quality factors of fast layer is only exemplary, in another embodiment, can also pass through other methods, base
In first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are determined, for example, other methods can include：
Wavelet simulation, spectrum analog method, matching technique, amplitude damped method, Rise time and analytic signal method etc., the present invention are real
Example is applied not limit this.
Wherein, based on second frequency spectrum and multiple 3rd frequency spectrums, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata are determined
Specific implementation process can include：From second frequency spectrum and the plurality of 3rd frequency spectrum, the ground between each two frequency spectrum is determined
Interval quality factors, multiple ground interval quality factors are obtained, it is low that the average value of resulting multiple ground interval quality factors is defined as into this
The ground interval quality factors of fast layer underlying strata.
Specifically, please continue to refer to Fig. 2 B, in actual measurement process, the distance of seismic wave through low velocity layer (LVL) can be approximate
Regard equal as, that is to say, in embodiments of the present invention, the seismic wave that the wave detector on the 2 to the 10th detects
It can be regarded as in the attenuation degree of low velocity layer (LVL) equal.But the distance of seismic wave through low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata is different, i.e.,
The seismic wave that wave detector on 2 to the 10th detects is different in the attenuation degree of low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata.Wherein, root
According to the wave detector on the wave detector and the 3rd on the 2nd, it may be determined that the stratum quality of a low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata because
Son, also, according to the wave detector on the wave detector on the 2nd and the 4th, a low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata can be determined again
Ground interval quality factors, in embodiments of the present invention, from second frequency spectrum and the plurality of 3rd frequency spectrum, determine each two frequency spectrum
Between ground interval quality factors, obtain multiple ground interval quality factors, the average value of resulting multiple ground interval quality factors is true
It is set to the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata.
Wherein, from second frequency spectrum and the plurality of 3rd frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors between each two frequency spectrum are determined
Specific implementation process, may refer to the above-mentioned ground interval quality factors for being based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, determining the low velocity layer (LVL)
Specific implementation process, be not detailed herein.Wherein, in a kind of possible implementation, refer to shown in Fig. 2 D, should
21st, 22 and 23 be respectively on the 3rd, the 6th and the 10th per pass third detector to the 3rd frequency spectrum that should determine that.
Above by the stratum quality that the average value of the plurality of ground interval quality factors is defined as to the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
The factor, improve the accuracy for the ground interval quality factors for determining the near surface.
In addition, it is necessary to explanation, is only with by the average value of the plurality of ground interval quality factors in embodiments of the present invention
It is defined as illustrating exemplified by the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, in another embodiment, it can also be passed through
Its mode determines the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, for example, it is also possible to from above-mentioned second frequency spectrum and above-mentioned multiple
In 3rd frequency spectrum, the larger twice frequency spectrum of waveform variation is selected, and based on the selected twice frequency spectrum, it is low to be defined as this
Ground interval quality factors of fast layer underlying strata etc., the embodiment of the present invention is not limited this.Wherein, based on the selected twice
Frequency spectrum, it is defined as the specific implementation process of the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, may refer to above-mentioned be based on first
Frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, the specific implementation process of the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) is determined, is also not described in detail here.
Wherein, the ground interval quality factors of the ground interval quality factors based on the low velocity layer (LVL) and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, it is determined that
The specific implementation process of the ground interval quality factors of the near surface can include：By specifying formula, the stratum based on the low velocity layer (LVL)
The ground interval quality factors of quality factor and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the ground interval quality factors of the near surface are determined, wherein, this refers to
Determining formula is：
Wherein, the Q be the near surface ground interval quality factors, the Q1For the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), the Q2For this
The ground interval quality factors of low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the t1For propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL), the t2For the earthquake
Propagation time of the ripple in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, and the t1With the t2It is that measurement obtains in advance by micro logging technology.
As it was noted above, when carrying out seismic prospecting, the seismic wave can be determined in the low velocity layer (LVL) by micro logging technology
In propagation time, and propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, therefore, when the low velocity layer (LVL) is determined
Ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata ground interval quality factors after, you can to specify formula to determine the volt by this
The ground interval quality factors on stratum.
It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present invention, by above-mentioned specified formula, the stratum quality based on the low velocity layer (LVL) because
The ground interval quality factors of son and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, determine that the ground interval quality factors of near surface are only exemplary, another
In embodiment, other formula, the ground of ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata based on the low velocity layer (LVL) can also be passed through
Interval quality factors, determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited this.
In embodiments of the present invention, excited, produced more than the shot point in the shaft bottom of the excitation well of low velocity layer (LVL) by being arranged at depth
After dried rhizome of rehmannia seismic wave, the frequency spectrum of first detector and the seismic wave of second detector detection is determined respectively, wherein, first detection
Device and the second detector are respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of the received well apart from the pre-determined distance of the excitation well first, in addition,
Further determine that the seismic wave of the multiple third detectors detection set on the excitation well and the received well position line
Frequency spectrum, afterwards, based on the first detector, the second detector and the plurality of third detector detection the seismic wave frequency
Spectrum, you can determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface, because the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, therefore, avoid
Low velocity layer (LVL) bottom interface improves the accuracy of wave detector detection seismic wave to interference caused by the strong reflection of seismic wave, from
And improve the accuracy for the ground interval quality factors for determining the near surface.
Fig. 3 be a kind of measurement near surface according to an exemplary embodiment the structure of the device of interval quality factors show
Be intended to, the measurement near surface the devices of interval quality factors can be implemented in combination with by software, hardware or both.The measurement is near
Earth's surface the devices of interval quality factors can include：
First determining module 310, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave for determining first detector and second detector detection respectively,
The first detector and the second detector are respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of received well, and the seismic wave is by being arranged at excitation well
The shot point in shaft bottom excite, the depth of the excitation well is more than weathering layer thickness, and the depth of the received well is less than the low speed thickness
Degree, and at a distance of the first pre-determined distance between the received well and the excitation well；
Second determining module 320, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave for determining multiple third detector detections, wherein, at this
The plurality of third detector is provided with excitation well and the received well position line, and between the plurality of third detector
Distance is the second pre-determined distance；
3rd determining module 330, for based on the first detector, the second detector and the plurality of third detector
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave detected respectively, determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface.
Alternatively, the 3rd determining module 330 includes：
First determining unit, for based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, determining the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), being somebody's turn to do
First frequency spectrum is the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector detection, and second frequency spectrum is the ground of second detector detection
The frequency spectrum of seismic wave；
Second determining unit, for based on second frequency spectrum and multiple 3rd frequency spectrums, determining the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
Ground interval quality factors, each 3rd frequency spectrum is corresponding third detector in the plurality of third detector in the plurality of 3rd frequency spectrum
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of detection；
3rd determining unit, for the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) determined based on first determining unit and this
The ground interval quality factors for the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata that two determining units determine, determine the ground interval quality factors of the near surface.
Alternatively, the 3rd determining unit is used for：
By specifying formula, the stratum quality of ground interval quality factors based on the low velocity layer (LVL) and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata because
Son, determine the ground interval quality factors of the near surface；
This specify formula be：
Wherein, the Q be the near surface ground interval quality factors, the Q1For the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), the Q2For this
The ground interval quality factors of low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the t1For propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL), the t2For the earthquake
Propagation time of the ripple in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, and the t1With the t2It is that measurement obtains in advance by micro logging technology.
Alternatively, second determining unit is used for：
From second frequency spectrum and the plurality of 3rd frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors between each two frequency spectrum are determined, are obtained
Multiple ground interval quality factors；
By the average value of resulting multiple ground interval quality factors be defined as the stratum quality of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata because
Son.
Alternatively, first determining unit is used for：
Based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are determined than method by composing.
In embodiments of the present invention, excited, produced more than the shot point in the shaft bottom of the excitation well of low velocity layer (LVL) by being arranged at depth
After dried rhizome of rehmannia seismic wave, the frequency spectrum of first detector and the seismic wave of second detector detection is determined respectively, wherein, first detection
Device and the second detector are respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of the received well apart from the pre-determined distance of the excitation well first, in addition,
Further determine that the seismic wave of the multiple third detectors detection set on the excitation well and the received well position line
Frequency spectrum, afterwards, based on the first detector, the second detector and the plurality of third detector detection the seismic wave frequency
Spectrum, you can determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface, because the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, therefore, avoid
Low velocity layer (LVL) bottom interface improves the accuracy of wave detector detection seismic wave to interference caused by the strong reflection of seismic wave, from
And improve the accuracy for the ground interval quality factors for determining the near surface.
It should be noted that：The device of with the measuring near surface interval quality factors of above-described embodiment offer is realizing that measurement is near
Earth's surface the method for interval quality factors when, can be with only with the division progress of above-mentioned each functional module for example, in practical application
Completed as needed and by above-mentioned function distribution by different functional modules, i.e., the internal structure of equipment is divided into different work(
Energy module, to complete all or part of function described above.In addition, the measurement near surface stratum product that above-described embodiment provides
The embodiment of the method for the device of prime factor and with measuring near surface interval quality factors belongs to same design, and it is detailed that it implements process
See embodiment of the method, repeat no more here.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that hardware can be passed through by realizing all or part of step of above-described embodiment
To complete, by program the hardware of correlation can also be instructed to complete, described program can be stored in a kind of computer-readable
In storage medium, storage medium mentioned above can be read-only storage, disk or CD etc..
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. method of with measuring near surface interval quality factors, it is characterised in that methods described includes：The frequency spectrum of first detector and the seismic wave of second detector detection, the first detector and described second are determined respectively Wave detector is respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of received well, and the seismic wave is swashed by the shot point for being arranged at the shaft bottom of excitation well Hair, the depth of the excitation well is more than weathering layer thickness, and the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, and described connects Receive between well and the excitation well at a distance of the first pre-determined distance；The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of multiple third detector detections is determined, wherein, in the excitation well and received well institute The multiple third detector is provided with the line of position, and the distance between the multiple third detector is second default Distance；The earthquake detected respectively based on the first detector, the second detector and the multiple third detector The frequency spectrum of ripple, determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface.
- 2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described based on the first detector, the second detector And the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave that the multiple third detector detects respectively, determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface, bag Include：Based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are determined, first frequency spectrum is described the The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of one wave detector detection, second frequency spectrum are the seismic wave of second detector detection Frequency spectrum；Based on second frequency spectrum and multiple 3rd frequency spectrums, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata are determined, it is described In multiple 3rd frequency spectrums each 3rd frequency spectrum be in the multiple third detector the detection of corresponding third detector describedly The frequency spectrum of seismic wave；The ground interval quality factors of ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata based on the low velocity layer (LVL), determine described near The ground interval quality factors of earth's surface.
- 3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that ground interval quality factors based on the low velocity layer (LVL) and described The ground interval quality factors of low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the ground interval quality factors of the near surface are determined, including：By specifying formula, the stratum qualities of ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata based on the low velocity layer (LVL) because Son, determine the ground interval quality factors of the near surface；The specified formula is：<mrow> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> <mo>&times;</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&times;</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&times;</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>&times;</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>Wherein, the Q be the near surface ground interval quality factors, the Q1It is described for the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) Q2For the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the t1During the propagation for being the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) Between, the t2For propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, and the t1With the t2It is by micro- Measurement obtains logging technique in advance.
- 4. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that it is described to be based on second frequency spectrum and multiple 3rd frequency spectrums, really The ground interval quality factors of the fixed low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, including：From second frequency spectrum and the multiple 3rd frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors between each two frequency spectrum are determined, are obtained Multiple ground interval quality factors；The average value of resulting multiple ground interval quality factors is defined as to the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata.
- 5. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that it is described to be based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, determine described low The ground interval quality factors of fast layer, including：Based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are determined than method by composing.
- 6. a kind of device of with measuring near surface interval quality factors, it is characterised in that described device includes：First determining module, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave for determining first detector and second detector detection respectively, described the One wave detector and the second detector are respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of received well, and the seismic wave is by being arranged at excitation well The shot point in shaft bottom excite, the depth of the excitation well is more than weathering layer thickness, and the depth of the received well is less than described low Fast thickness degree, and at a distance of the first pre-determined distance between the received well and the excitation well；Second determining module, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave for determining multiple third detector detections, wherein, excited described The multiple third detector is provided with well and received well position line, and between the multiple third detector Distance be the second pre-determined distance；3rd determining module, for based on the first detector, the second detector and the multiple third detector The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave detected respectively, determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface.
- 7. device as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the 3rd determining module includes：First determining unit, it is described for based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, determining the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) First frequency spectrum is the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector detection, and second frequency spectrum is examined for the second detector The frequency spectrum for the seismic wave surveyed；Second determining unit, for based on second frequency spectrum and multiple 3rd frequency spectrums, determining the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata Ground interval quality factors, each 3rd frequency spectrum is the 3rd inspection corresponding in the multiple third detector in the multiple 3rd frequency spectrum The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of ripple device detection；3rd determining unit, for the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) that are determined based on first determining unit and described The ground interval quality factors for the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata that second determining unit determines, determine the stratum quality of the near surface because Son.
- 8. device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the 3rd determining unit is used for：By specifying formula, the stratum qualities of ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata based on the low velocity layer (LVL) because Son, determine the ground interval quality factors of the near surface；The specified formula is：<mrow> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> <mo>&times;</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&times;</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&times;</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>&times;</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>Wherein, the Q be the near surface ground interval quality factors, the Q1It is described for the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) Q2For the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the t1During the propagation for being the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) Between, the t2For propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, and the t1With the t2It is by micro- Measurement obtains logging technique in advance.
- 9. device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that second determining unit is used for：From second frequency spectrum and the multiple 3rd frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors between each two frequency spectrum are determined, are obtained Multiple ground interval quality factors；The average value of resulting multiple ground interval quality factors is defined as to the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata.
- 10. device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that first determining unit is used for：Based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are determined than method by composing.
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| CN110261904B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-07-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Near-surface Q value inversion and classification evaluation method based on generalized S transformation |
| CN113325466A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-08-31 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Absorption compensation method and device for near-surface quality factor |
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