CN104488524A

CN104488524A - Construction method of biodiversity tea garden

Info

Publication number: CN104488524A
Application number: CN201410801525.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈亚忠; 陈省忠; 黄申逵
Original assignee: TENGCHONG GAOLIGONGSHAN ECOLOGICAL TEA INDUSTRY Co Ltd
Current assignee: TENGCHONG GAOLIGONGSHAN ECOLOGICAL TEA INDUSTRY Co Ltd
Priority date: 2014-12-22
Filing date: 2014-12-22
Publication date: 2015-04-08
Anticipated expiration: 2034-12-22
Also published as: CN104488524B

Abstract

The invention provides a construction method of a biodiversity tea garden. According to the construction method, Chinese birches are planted in the tea garden and arbor-type tea trees are grown in the tea garden to achieve a shading effect in the tea garden; green manure crops such as fungi, beans and white radish are interplanted in the tea garden to increase the soil fertility; meanwhile, diseases, insect pests and weeds in the tea garden are controlled by use of agricultural and biological measures. As a result, a stereoscopic ecological community structure, namely Chinese birch shading trees at the upper layer, arbor-type old tea trees at the middle layer, ecological tea garden at the lower layer and weed green manure at the bottom layer, is formed in the tea garden, and a compound ecological tea garden system which is reasonable in structure and stable in function is constructed. The problems of excessive pesticide residue, declining of biodiversity, harm to tea food safety and the like due to the application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the tea garden are solved. The yield of the tea garden is increased, the tea quality is guaranteed and the tea quality reaches the organic level.

Description

A kind of bio-diversity tea place construction method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of construction method of bio-diversity tea place.

Background technology

At present, the kind tea pattern in major part tea district of China is the pattern of " single kind of tea ", and all open up wasteland kind of a tea by full wafer soil, and tea tree breed is single, not only reduces effective utilization in soil, tea tree system perennial evergreen crop, the more general farmland of phase weather, garden is stablized.In tea place, tea tree is the unique dependent of insect society, therefore the less stable of insect society.And the whole ecotope in tea district and the physiological function of tea tree are easily lacked of proper care, Nutrient Cycling is poor, and soil fertility declines, and tea place diseases and insect pests resistance reduces, and causes tealeaves inclusion to reduce, and tea yield reduces, quality decline.Need to use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals in a large number, Pesticide Residues in Tea may be caused to exceed standard, and tealeaves food security is endangered.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is the construction method proposing a kind of bio-diversity tea place, make tea place present the stereo ecological structure of community of " upper water wax gourd is shaded tree; middle level arbor type tea tree, lower floor's Ecological Tea Gardens, bottom weeds green manure ", set up Tea plantation complex ecosystem that is rational in infrastructure, function-stable.Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A kind of bio-diversity tea place construction method, is characterized in that, upper strata is that water wax gourd is shaded the stereo ecological Community Species implant model that tree, middle level are arbor type tea tree, lower floor is Ecological Tea Gardens, bottom is weeds and green manure crop.

Preferably, every mu of plantation water wax gourd is shaded and sets 36-42 strain, and spacing in the rows is 18-23 rice; Every mu of plantation arbor type tea tree 65-80 strain, spacing in the rows is 13-17 rice, and tree of shading remains on 1.2-2.0 rice with the spacing of adjacent tea tree, and degree of shading is 35%-40%; Tea tree cuts off more than ground all limbs apart from position, 7-8 centimetres, ground, take out a shoot to irritate collar portion resting bud.

Preferably, the tea shoot strain of high more than 20 centimetres of Ecological Tea Gardens planting-nursery ground growth, Ecological Tea Gardens height remains on liftoff 70-80 centimetre.

Preferably, be mushroom, beans or ternip the green manure crop of tea plant interplant; Weeds dig and are embedded in tea place.

Preferably, thoroughly larger perennial root or perennial undershrub is removed.

The present invention by planting water wax gourd, manually staying foster arbor type tea tree to reach the effect of shading in tea place in tea place; Simultaneously in tea place, interplant the green manure crops such as mushroom, beans, ternip, improve Pure tea garden ecotope and easily bring out the rampant and disadvantage brought of insect pest; Intensity of illumination in tea place and hydrothermal condition also improve, and make growth of tea plant luxuriant, output increased, and the output value increases; Corresponding tea place ecotope changes, its animal, microorganism, insect also change thereupon, become tea woods complex ecosystem by originally single tea place system, animal community also by single insect communities in tea gardens Structure Transformation be Insects in Tea Gardens, the new structure of community that forms of forestry insects group.Influencing each other between various insect, mutually restrict, biological chain, the food chain of formation are also more complicated, perfect, and the possibility that population fulminant increases reduces greatly.When the basic garden phase in guarantee tea place, utilize principle and the method for bio-diversity, by the configuration of tea place and Plant Diversity, improve the liquid manure ability of soil and improve ecotope, regulate the intrasystem animal diversity in tea place, set up Tea plantation complex ecosystem that is rational in infrastructure, function-stable.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1: reconstruct on the basis of conventional tea plantation, plant water wax gourd around tea place and in tea place and to shade tree, every mu of 36-42 strain, spacing in the rows is about 20 meters; Manually stay foster arbor type tea tree in tea place, every mu of 65-80 strain, spacing in the rows is about 15 meters; The tree of shading of plantation remains on 1.2-2.0 rice with the spacing of adjacent tea tree, and degree of shading is about 35%; By deepling prune, the mode such as pruning, deep pruning deeply, tea place height remains on liftoff 70-80 centimetres.The plantation height tea shoot of more than 20 centimetres between water wax gourd tree and tea tree, every mu with tea shoot 1600-1800 strain, green manure crops such as tea row interplant mushroom, beans, ternips, density is advisable not affect growth of tea plant.The mycetocyte, beans bar, ternip etc. of plantation mushroom dig shallow embedding in tea place, for supplementary soil liquid manure; Control of weeds mainly adopts the manually shallow mode removed, also harmful and favourable duality of weeds will be considered in control, to thoroughly remove the tea tree larger perennial root of harm or perennial undershrub, and all need not turn over general weeds and remove, low-density weeds can not form impact to growth of tea plant, are conducive on the contrary conserving water and soil.

Embodiment 2: reconstruct on the basis of conventional tea plantation, plant water wax gourd around tea place and in tea place and to shade tree, every mu of 38-42 strain, spacing in the rows is about 20 meters; Plant arbor type tea tree in tea place, every mu of 65-70 strain, spacing in the rows is about 15 meters; The tree of shading of plantation remains on 1.2-1.8 rice with the spacing of adjacent tea tree, and degree of shading is about 37%; By deepling prune, the mode such as pruning, deep pruning deeply, tea place height remains on liftoff 70-80 centimetres.The plantation height tea shoot of more than 30 centimetres between water wax gourd tree and tea tree, every mu with tea shoot 1700-1800 strain, green manure crops such as tea row interplant mushroom, beans, ternips, density is advisable not affect growth of tea plant.The mycetocyte, beans bar, ternip etc. of plantation mushroom dig shallow embedding in tea place, for supplementary soil liquid manure; Control of weeds mainly adopts the manually shallow mode removed, also harmful and favourable duality of weeds will be considered in control, to thoroughly remove the tea tree larger perennial root of harm or perennial undershrub, and all need not turn over general weeds and remove, low-density weeds can not form impact to growth of tea plant, are conducive on the contrary conserving water and soil.

Table 1 is the yield and output value comparable situation adopting the present invention program and the old tea place of tradition, and table 2 adopts the present invention program and tradition old insect communities in tea gardens eigen value comparable situation.

Table 1

Unit: kg/acre, unit/mu

Table 2

Result shows: the present invention makes tea place yield and output value be improved.

Claims

1. a bio-diversity tea place construction method, is characterized in that, upper strata is that water wax gourd is shaded the stereo ecological Community Species implant model that tree, middle level are arbor type tea tree, lower floor is Ecological Tea Gardens, bottom is weeds and green manure crop.

2. bio-diversity tea place as claimed in claim 1 construction method, is characterized in that, every mu of plantation water wax gourd is shaded and sets 36-42 strain, and spacing in the rows is 18-23 rice; Every mu of plantation arbor type tea tree 65-80 strain, spacing in the rows is 13-17 rice, and tea tree cuts off more than ground all limbs apart from position, 7-8 centimetres, ground, takes out a shoot to irritate collar portion resting bud.

3. bio-diversity tea place as claimed in claim 1 construction method, is characterized in that, the tea shoot strain of high more than 20 centimetres of Ecological Tea Gardens planting-nursery ground growth, Ecological Tea Gardens height remains on liftoff 70-80 centimetre.

4. bio-diversity tea place as claimed in claim 1 construction method, it is characterized in that, be mushroom, beans or ternip the green manure crop of tea plant interplant; Weeds dig and are embedded in tea place.

5. the bio-diversity tea place construction method as described in claim 1-3, is characterized in that, thoroughly removes larger perennial root or perennial undershrub.