CN104487716A - 用于施工机械的液压*** - Google Patents

用于施工机械的液压*** Download PDF

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CN104487716A
CN104487716A CN201280074834.6A CN201280074834A CN104487716A CN 104487716 A CN104487716 A CN 104487716A CN 201280074834 A CN201280074834 A CN 201280074834A CN 104487716 A CN104487716 A CN 104487716A
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hydraulic pump
oil hydraulic
controller
flow path
pressure
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CN104487716B (zh
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裵相基
李在勋
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Volvo Construction Equipment AB
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/042Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B20/00Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
    • F15B20/007Overload
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2221Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
    • E02F9/2232Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps
    • E02F9/2235Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps including an electronic controller
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2285Pilot-operated systems
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2296Systems with a variable displacement pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/028Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the actuating force
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
    • F15B11/042Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in"
    • F15B11/0423Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in" by controlling pump output or bypass, other than to maintain constant speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/202Externally-operated valves mounted in or on the actuator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20546Type of pump variable capacity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/405Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40507Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve with constant throttles or orifices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/415Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/41563Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and a return line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50518Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using pressure relief valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/515Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/5157Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and a return line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6306Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6306Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure
    • F15B2211/6309Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure the pressure being a pressure source supply pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/665Methods of control using electronic components
    • F15B2211/6652Control of the pressure source, e.g. control of the swash plate angle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种液压***,其能够在具有安全阀的液压***中,在操作安全阀的过程中,减少液压泵的排出流量。根据本发明的用于施工机械的液压***包括:可变排量液压泵,其连接到发动机;用于操作工作装置的装置,其输出与操作者进行的操作量成比例的操作信号;用于工作装置的致动器,其连接到液压泵并且通过操作用于工作装置的装置来驱动;控制阀,其安装在液压泵和用于工作装置的致动器之间的流动路径中,以便控制用于工作装置的致动器的启动、暂停和换向;节流器,其安装在从液压泵的排出流动路径分支的流动路径中;安全阀,其安装在流动路径中节流器的下游侧上;以及控制器,其用于将控制信号输出到液压泵流量控制阀,以便当节流器前部和后部之间的压力差超过预定值时,减少液压泵的排出流量。

Description

用于施工机械的液压***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于施工机械的液压***。更具体地,本发明涉及一种用于施工机械的液压***,当安全阀操作时,其可以减少液压泵的排出流量。
背景技术
如图1所示,现有技术中的用于施工机械的液压***包括:
可变排量液压泵(以下称为“液压泵”)1,其连接到发动机(未示出);
附接操作装置2,其输出与操作者的操作量成比例的操作信号;
附接致动器(例如,动臂油缸)3,其连接到液压泵1,以通过附接操作装置2的操作来驱动;
控制阀4,其安装在液压泵1和附接致动器3之间的排出流动路径1a中,并且被切换以控制附接致动器3的启动、停止和换向;
以及控制器6,其将控制信号输出到液压泵1的流量控制阀5,以便控制液压泵1的排出流量。
因此,如果操作者通过操作附接操作装置2,沿如附图中所示的向右的方向切换控制阀以进行动臂上升驱动,则从液压泵1排出的液压流体顺序通过排出流动路径1a和切换的控制阀4的阀芯提供到附接致动器3的大室。在这种情况下,从被驱动以扩大的附接致动器3的小室返回的液压流体通过切换的控制阀4的阀芯排出到液压箱T。
在附图中,没有说明的参考标记7是安全阀,其安装在从液压泵1的排出流动路径1a分支的流动路径8中,以便当在排出流动路径1a中出现超过预定压力的负载时,将液压流体排出到液压箱T。
在现有技术中的液压***中,如果在工作过程中,在附接致动器3中出现过载,或者将附接致动器3操作到最大限度,则液压泵1的排出压力升高到安全阀7的预定压力,因此安全阀7被切换到打开状态。通过这样,从液压泵1排出的液压流体顺序通过排出流动路径1a和安装在流动路径8中的安全阀7全部排出到液压箱T。
如上所述,如果在排出流动路径1a中出现超过预定压力的过载,则从液压泵1排出以驱动附接致动器3的液压流体通过安全阀7排出到液压箱T。因此,在安全阀7中出现的压力损失降低了设备的燃料效率。
发明内容
技术问题
因此,已经做出本发明以解决现有技术中出现的上述问题,并且本发明的一个实施方式涉及一种用于施工机械的液压***,当发生过载并且液压泵的排出压力超过安全阀的预定值时,其可以通过降低液压泵的排出流量减少在安全阀中的压力损失。
技术方案
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种用于施工机械的液压***,
其包括:可变排量液压泵,其连接到发动机;
附接操作装置,其输出与操作者的操作量成比例的操作信号;
附接致动器,其连接到液压泵,以通过附接操作装置的操作来驱动;
控制阀,其安装在液压泵和附接致动器之间的流动路径中,并且被切换以控制附接致动器的启动、停止和换向;
节流器,其安装在从液压泵的排出流动路径分支的流动路径中;
安全阀,其安装在流动路径中节流器的下游侧上;
以及控制器,其将控制信号输出到液压泵的流量控制阀,以便当在节流器前面和后面的压力之间的差值超过预定值时,减少液压泵的排出流量。
优选地,根据本发明的方面的用于施工机械的液压***还可以包括:第一压力传感器,其安装在液压泵的排出流动路径中,以实时检测液压泵的排出压力并且将检测信号传送到控制器;以及第二压力传感器,其安装在节流器和安全阀之间的流动路径中,以实时检测在节流器的下游侧上的压力并且将检测信号传送到控制器。
有益效果
根据本发明的方面如上配置的用于施工机械的液压***具有以下优点。
当发生过载并且液压泵的排出压力超过安全阀的预定值时,可以通过减少液压泵的排出流量减少在安全阀中的压力损失,因此可以提高燃料效率。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中用于施工机械的液压***的液压回路图;以及
图2是根据本发明的一个实施方式的用于施工机械的液压***的液压回路图。
附图中的参考标记说明
11:可变排量液压泵
12:附接操作装置
13:附接致动器
14:控制阀
15:液压泵的流量控制阀
16:控制器
17:安全阀
18:流动路径
19:节流器
20:第一压力传感器
21:第二压力传感器
具体实施方式
下文将参考附图详细描述本发明的优选实施方式。在本说明书中定义的事项,例如详细的结构和元件,仅仅是提供用来帮助本领域技术人员全面理解本发明的具体细节,并且本发明不局限于下文公开的实施方式。
如图2所示,根据本发明的一个实施方式的用于施工机械的液压***包括:
可变排量液压泵(以下称为“液压泵”)11,其连接到发动机(未示出);
附接操作装置(例如,操纵杆)12,其输出与操作者的操作量成比例的操作信号;
附接致动器(例如,动臂油缸)13,其连接到液压泵11,以通过附接操作装置12的操作被驱动;
控制阀14,其安装在液压泵11和附接致动器13之间的排出流动路径11a中,并且被切换以控制附接致动器13的启动、停止和换向;
节流器19,其安装在从液压泵11的排出流动路径11a分支的流动路径18(18a和18b)中;
安全阀17,其安装在流动路径18中节流器19的下游侧(即,出口侧)上;
以及控制器16,其将控制信号输出到液压泵的流量控制阀14,以便当节流器19的前面和后面的压力之间的差值超过预定值时,减少液压泵11的排出流量。
根据本发明的一个实施方式的用于施工机械的液压***还包括:第一压力传感器20,其安装在液压泵11的排出流动路径11a中,以实时检测液压泵11的排出压力并且将检测信号传送到控制器16;以及第二压力传感器21,其安装在节流器19和安全阀17之间的流动路径18b中,以实时检测节流器19的下游侧上的压力并且将检测信号传送到控制器16。
下文将参考附图描述根据本发明的一个实施方式的用于施工机械的液压***的使用实例。
如图2所示,如果操作者操作附接操作装置12以进行动臂上升驱动,则控制阀14沿图中所示的向右的方向切换。在这种情况下,从液压泵11排出的液压流体顺序通过排出流动路径11a和切换的控制阀14的阀芯提供到附接致动器13的大室。在这种情况下,从被驱动为扩大的附接致动器13的小室返回的液压流体通过切换的控制阀14排出到液压箱T。
与此相反,如果操作者操作附接操作装置12以进行动臂下降驱动,则控制阀14沿图中所示的向左的方向切换。在这种情况下,从液压泵11排出的液压流体顺序通过排出流动路径11a和切换的控制阀14的阀芯提供到附接致动器13的小室。在这种情况下,从被驱动为压缩的附接致动器13的大室返回的液压流体通过切换的控制阀14的阀芯排出到液压箱T。
如上所述,按照根据本发明的一个实施方式的液压***,节流器19安装在从液压泵11的排出流动路径11a分支的流动路径18中,并且通过第一和第二压力传感器20和21实时测量节流器19的上游侧上的压力(即,液压泵11的排出压力)和节流器19的下游侧上的压力(即,释放压力)。如果测量的压力之间的压力差超过预定值,则控制器16确定目前的状态是减压状态,并且减少液压泵11的排出流量。
具体地,安装在排出流动路径11a中的第一压力传感器20实时检测液压泵11的排出压力,并且将检测信号传送到的控制器16。与此同时,安装在流动路径18b中的第二压力传感器21实时检测经过节流器19的压力,并且将检测信号传送到控制器16。
在这种情况下,如果液压泵11的排出压力低于移动向安全阀17的释放压力,则安全阀17保持在是初始状态的关闭状态。因此,从液压泵11排出的液压流体没有通过节流器19移动向安全阀17。即,由于关闭了安全阀17,不存在节流器19的前面和后面的压力差(即,液压泵11的排出压力和流动路径18的释放压力变成彼此相等)。
与此相反,如果液压泵11的排出压力超过安全阀17的预定压力,则安全阀17切换到打开状态。通过这样,从液压泵11排出并且沿排出流动路径11a移动的液压流体经过安装在流动路径18中的节流器19。即,存在排出流动路径11a侧上的液压泵的排出压力和流动路径18侧上的释放压力之间的压力差(即,在排出流动路径11a侧上的液压泵的排出压力>在流动路径22侧上的释放压力)。
如上所述,如果液压泵11的排出压力和经过节流器19的释放压力之间的压力差超过预定值,则通过从控制器16施加到液压泵的流量控制阀15的控制信号(例如,可以使用先导信号压力)控制液压泵11的斜盘的倾角,因此可以减小液压泵11的排出流量。通过这样,可以使通过安全阀17排出到液压箱T的消耗流量最小化。
另一方面,即使在通过从控制器16施加到液压泵11的流量控制阀15的控制信号减少液压泵11的排出流量的情况下,液压泵11的排出压力也变得高于安全阀17的预定压力,因此保持液压***的性能。此外,由于减少了安全阀17中消耗的能量,可以提高燃料效率。
工业应用性
从上述描述中显而易见地,根据具有上述配置的本发明,当发生过载并且液压泵的排出压力超过安全阀的预定值时,可以通过降低液压泵的排出流量减少安全阀中的压力损失。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于施工机械的液压***,包括:
可变排量液压泵,其连接到发动机;
附接操作装置,其输出与操作者的操作量成比例的操作信号;
附接致动器,其连接到所述液压泵,以通过所述附接操作装置的操作来驱动;
控制阀,其安装在所述液压泵和所述附接致动器之间的流动路径中,并且被切换以控制所述附接致动器的启动、停止和换向;
节流器,其安装在从所述液压泵的排出流动路径分支的流动路径中;
安全阀,其安装在所述流动路径中所述节流器的下游侧上;以及
控制器,其将控制信号输出到所述液压泵的流量控制阀,以便当在所述节流器前面和后面的压力之间的差值超过预定值时,减少所述液压泵的排出流量。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于施工机械的液压***,还包括:
第一压力传感器,其安装在所述液压泵的排出流动路径中,以实时检测所述液压泵的排出压力并且将检测信号传送到所述控制器;以及
第二压力传感器,其安装在所述节流器和所述安全阀之间的流动路径中,以实时检测在所述节流器的下游侧上的压力并且将检测信号传送到所述控制器。
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