CN104405436B - A kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate - Google Patents
A kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104405436B CN104405436B CN201410496383.6A CN201410496383A CN104405436B CN 104405436 B CN104405436 B CN 104405436B CN 201410496383 A CN201410496383 A CN 201410496383A CN 104405436 B CN104405436 B CN 104405436B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate, comprise the following steps: A, layout stope；B, change top board shape；C, erection filling pipe and blast pipe；D, perforating powder charge；E, filling；F, dehydration；G, disconnected pipe；H, pressure connect top.The raising filling in mine of the present invention connects the method for top rate and stope and top board shape has been made certain layout and amendment, filling pipe and blast pipe have been made rational erection, and have selected suitable casting resin and casting resin slip carries out filling, simultaneously, in stowing operation, dehydration improves anhydrous rate and forms multiple spot blanking by disconnected pipe further, force to connect top finally by the local rock pillar using roof supporting above short-delay blasting avalanche ore pillar, thus reach closely knit and connect top.Instant invention overcomes the unfavorable factor affecting Tight filling rate in the filling process of prior art mine, Tight filling rate is high, filling intensity is good, has good application prospect and social value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mining technique field, be specifically related to a kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate.
Background technology
Mining is the basic industries of exploitation of mineral resources and utilization, but mining industry is providing raw-material for the mankind while, and the most inevitably disturbance and destruction earth environment, bring potential safety hazard.Along with developing rapidly of industrial society, mineral products demand increases sharply, and mining mineral resource utilizes the environmental disruption and waste discharge caused, to become the environmental problem of quite sternness.So method of mining by the way of filling application percentage in mine is increasing; it can improve the rate of recovery of ore and reduce impoverishment rate in mining; and rock pressure can be reduced; ensure mining production safety; discharge and the protection earth's surface of reducing solid waste are not damaged; but it is big that the method for mining by the way of filling exists labour intensity, and filling does not connect top problem, and the measure the most effectively controlling Tight filling rate becomes the task of top priority that the method for mining by the way of filling needs to solve.
The existing tailings in Baiyin Nonferrous Metal Group Co., Ltd. little Tie Shan ore deposit is pumped to sand storehouse, casting resin preparation station by a pumping plant, secondary pump station through 12.7km pipeline, and cement is transported to preparation station by bulk cement truck, and relying on calms the anger is transported in cement bin.There are two independent pulping systems at casting resin preparation station, and each system is controlled equipment composition by a vertical sand warehouse (volume 190 cubic metres), a cement bin, an agitator tank and instrument.Sand storehouse is provided with bottom and puts sand and sand two covering device is put in siphon.Under normal circumstances, a system job, a system reserve, when needing, two systems can use simultaneously.Design slurrying capacity 60-100m of each system3/h.The filling slurry prepared is first through filling borehole----three stage casings (1724 level) filling gallery-→ tri-stage casing 800 filling wells----1560 level 800 filling wells----1560 level 1000 filling wells----stope connecting taxiway----each extracting drift packing job face of four diameter 175mm.In filling, each stope effect is different, and it is not the most the highest for connecing top rate, overflows water serious, need to draw water in stowing operation, just can carry out turning layer and produce after clear mud.
In stowing operation, filling does not connect top and causes the biggest harm under normal circumstances: 1, easily causes tunnel inbreak on a large scale, forms Collapsed zone；2, cause local wall rock loosening, wall caving inbreak occurs；3, being easily formed stress conduction, rock pressure increases, and is deformed tunnel weak link destroying；4, rock work is vulnerable to the object strike of float stone when operation, affects job safety；5, destroy normal production system, must design for change again, design a series of detouring.
Existing mine filling process affects the factor of Tight filling rate and mainly has the following aspects:
1, Tight filling rate and filling slurry flowing law:
In stope filling technique, mainly the position of blanking point, primary filling thickness, filling number of times etc. are relatively big on the impact of Tight filling rate, and these factors and the slip flowing law in stope is closely related.
Filling slurry flowing law on infinitepiston: the cementitious slurry that the filling mouth of pipe is discharged, deposits into vertebra shape heap body at infinitepiston, and top is a cast punching hole, inject the slurry in hole, constantly overflow from punching hole periphery, and uniformly trickle along centrum periphery, the most gradually deposit, concentration dilution.Determine blanking point position and filling number of times aborning, be a very important index.Its value is determined by cement consumption, pulp density, the factor such as weight mean particle size of aggregate.
2, filling slurry consolidation settlement:
The sedimentation of filling slurry is a kind of inevitably phenomenon in the conventional cementitious filling with slip pipeline hydraulic self-flowing pastefill as main feature.On the one hand, after consolidated fill slip is full of dead zone, down-hole, filling slurry laminated segregation is made owing to size particles sinking speed in water is different, solid particle gradually sinks, force major part water isolation on obturation surface, after these water remove in the way of runoff, occur as soon as, between obturation surface and top board, the space that shrinks.On the other hand, after the bulk water being present between solid particle in space is got rid of by penetration mode, obturation also can settle.Additionally, the filling slurry of high concentration exists certain shrinkage factor (5%～22%) due to dehydration after being filled to stope, have a strong impact on stope connects top effect.Therefore, filling does not connect the direct result that top is casting resin sedimentation.
3, the filling slurry gravity flow gradient:
According to the mode of self-flowing pastefill filling, filling slurry its aggregate during stope filling there will be sedimentation.Therefore, forming the gravity flow gradient from filling pipeline discharging opening to stope edge, filling slurry filling performance its gradient the poorest is the biggest.When filling pipe discharging opening connects top, owing to the impact of the gravity flow gradient causes stope edge or end can not connect top completely.
4, filling slurry concentration is too low and drainage rate is slow:
Too low pulp density, is easily caused casting resin isolation layering, increases nature slide rock angle.Meanwhile, substantial amounts of accumulation shipwreck, to discharge in time, occupies filling space, hinders Tight filling.Additionally, increasing along with obturation, more to its top, drainage difficulty is the biggest.Due to a large amount of existence of water, on the one hand hindering filling slurry flowing, the spilling of the most a large amount of slips also pollutes tunnel.
5, dead zone top plate shape is irregular:
Geometry for filling dead zone, the most it is not strict with when back production designs, particularly top board shape is the most irregular, placement method is improper in addition, such as single-point blanking, gradually piles up, relatively the Nature slope angle is formed at blanking point, after the feed opening being blocked of heap top, cause part dead zone to be full of, produce sky top.
6, water and tube washing water is guided to affect Tight filling:
For preventing the blocking of filling pipeline, every time before and after filling, discharge guiding water and the tube washing water of nearly ten a few minutes always, and goaf filling is had no benefit and guides water, tube washing water to be directly entered the goaf connecing top to be filled often through pipeline by these, affects Tight filling.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to provide a kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate, to solve the technical problem that during filling in mine, Tight filling rate is low, filling effect is undesirable present in prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention by the following technical solutions: a kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate, comprise the following steps:
A, layout stope: use triangle disposition structure to arrange stope；
B, change top board shape: be arranged to by top board skewed and to make the top board inclination angle gradient be 8-15%, use arch top board when top board cannot be made to be arranged to skewed；
C, erection filling pipe and blast pipe: the export frame of filling pipe is located at top board highest point, the export frame of blast pipe is located at above top board at 30-40cm, time undesirable, carry out blowing out process of caunching；
D, perforating powder charge: perforating on filling dead zone top plate and side eye, install explosive；
E, filling: selecting filling cement-sand ratio is the casting resin of 1:10-1:4, by filling system by Filling density be 65-68%, filling flow be that the casting resin slip of 63-65% is filled in filling dead zone；
F, dehydration: utilize filter pipe implement descending sluicing and utilize filling well enforcement up pumping for water pump to be discharged as early as possible by the ponding in stowing operation, make obturation have enough densities；
G, disconnected pipe: when Tight filling distance is less than 1m, carry out disconnected pipe, form multiple spot blanking filling pipe, wait seeing after blast pipe overflows casting resin slip, then through filling in 10-15 minute；
H, pressure connect top: use the local rock pillar of roof supporting above short-delay blasting avalanche ore pillar.
Further, in described step A, to press the slice drift width 0.5m that builds a dam high for triangle disposition structure stope higher slice, and higher slice can be worn arteries and veins and set up filling pipeline.
Further, in described step B on Stope roof Drilling peephole.
Further, in described step C, the outlet of filling pipe is placed on and is filled in terminal portion at face 5m.
Further, in described step C, the diameter of blast pipe is less than the diameter of filling pipe.
Further, the filling pipe connecting tee valve outside filling counterfort in described step C.
Further, in described step E, filling cement-sand ratio is 1:4,1:6,1:8,1:10 and the applicable elements using each filling cement-sand ratio is: filling cement-sand ratio is all routes that 1:4 is applicable to the back production of each lower leaf institute, and lays at the bottom of bar-mat reinforcement metal vacation；Filling cement-sand ratio be 1:6 be applicable to each extracting drift connect top, in order to form working plate；Filling cement-sand ratio is the stope that 1:8 is applicable to have adjacent route；Filling cement-sand ratio is stope and last stope of adjacent route that 1:10 is applicable to wall scroll route.
Further, when connecing top in described step E, the Filling density of casting resin slip is 68%.
Further, in described step G, at filling pipe 30 meters, personnel carry out disconnected pipe, or are wrapped in 8-10 circle on filling pipe with detonator, then wrap up tight with 30 grams of explosives and an on-electric detonator adhesive plaster, carry out igniting disconnected pipe.
Further, in described step H, after catalase, broken swollen coefficient is 1.4-1.7.
Hinge structure of the present invention has the advantages that the filling in mine that improves of the present invention connects the method for top rate stope and top board shape have been made certain layout and amendment, filling pipe and blast pipe have been made rational erection, and have selected suitable casting resin and casting resin slip carries out filling, the distribution of casting resin Slurry Granularity is suitable, water penetration is preferable, naturally the rate that shrinks is less, mobility does not preferably the most have too many ponding and exists, simultaneously, in stowing operation, dehydration improves anhydrous rate and forms multiple spot blanking by disconnected pipe further, force to connect top finally by the local rock pillar using roof supporting above short-delay blasting avalanche ore pillar, thus reach closely knit and connect top.Instant invention overcomes the unfavorable factor affecting Tight filling rate in the filling process of prior art mine, Tight filling rate is high, filling intensity is good, has good application prospect and social value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is filling pipe and the layout schematic diagram of blast pipe of the present invention.
Reference implication is as follows: 1, filling pipe；2, blast pipe.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate, comprises the following steps:
A, arranging stope: use triangle disposition structure to arrange stope, it is high that triangle disposition structure stope higher slice presses the slice drift width 0.5m that builds a dam, and utilizes higher slice to wear arteries and veins and set up filling pipe 1 and carry out filling in stowing operation, and overflow water is easily discharged.
B, change top board shape: the shape of top board should be preferred to adapt to the needs of Tight filling, the inclination angle of stope roof and floor should be made more than slip nature slide rock angle, to meet the needs connecing top, top board is arranged to skewed and to make the top board inclination angle gradient be 8-15%, arch top board is used when top board cannot be made to be arranged to skewed, when using arch top board, can press with preferably controlling, again can be when being affected by human factor, goaf still can partly connect top, i.e. two side joint tops of arch top board, Drilling peephole on Stope roof, when filling reaches to connect top, just have water even filling slurry to overflow from peephole, thus may determine that whether filling connects top.
C, erection filling pipe 1 and blast pipe 2: raise filling pipe 1 and blast pipe 2 decorating position, as shown in Figure 1, when setting up filling pipe 1 and blast pipe 2, the export frame of filling pipe 1 is located at top board highest point, the export frame of blast pipe 2 is located at above top board at 30-40cm, time undesirable, carry out blowing out process of caunching；When filling route is longer, such as by 50 meters of routes, filling pipe 1 outlet should be placed at the distance face 5m of route end as far as possible, the caliber of blast pipe 2 is less than the diameter of filling pipe 1, filling pipe 1 outside filling counterfort must connect three-way valve, before admission passage filling and after filling, when washing away earth's surface to the filling pipe 1 of down-hole, close filling valve and open drain valve simultaneously, forbid to be filled with route by filling swabbing.
D, perforating powder charge: before filling starts, perforating on filling dead zone top plate and side eye, install explosive.
E, filling: after casting resin is filled with stope, due to oozing out of water, casting resin, during being transitioned into dampness from saturation state, can be sunk under capillary force effect.Therefore, suitable grain class distribution, preferable water penetration and less naturally shrink rate and the casting resin of enough mobility should be selected.On the other hand, the transportation parameters of existing filling system and technique requires that filling slurry to have preferable mobility, and the mobility of slip is gradually deteriorated with the increase of pulp density, which limits the concentration of filling slurry.In general, selecting liquidity is answered preferably the most not have the pulp density of too many ponding existence as optium concentration.Therefore selecting filling cement-sand ratio is the casting resin of 1:10-1:4, by filling system by Filling density be 65-68%, filling flow be that the casting resin slip of 63-65% is filled in filling dead zone, when connecing top, the Filling density of casting resin slip is 68%, filling cement-sand ratio is 1:4,1:6,1:8,1:10 and the applicable elements using each filling cement-sand ratio is: filling cement-sand ratio is all routes that 1:4 is applicable to the back production of each lower leaf institute, and lays at the bottom of bar-mat reinforcement metal vacation；Filling cement-sand ratio be 1:6 be applicable to each extracting drift connect top, in order to form working plate；Filling cement-sand ratio is the stope that 1:8 is applicable to have adjacent route；Filling cement-sand ratio is stope and last stope of adjacent route that 1:10 is applicable to wall scroll route.
F, dehydration: utilize filter pipe implement descending sluicing and utilize filling well enforcement up pumping for water pump to be discharged as early as possible by the ponding in stowing operation, make obturation have enough densities, thus shorten the circulation timei of packing job.
G, disconnected pipe: when Tight filling distance is less than 1m, at filling pipe 30 meters, personnel carry out disconnected pipe, or are wrapped in 8-10 circle on filling pipe with detonator, then wrap up tight with 30 grams of explosives and an on-electric detonator adhesive plaster, carry out igniting disconnected pipe, form multiple spot blanking, because blast pipe is at route peak, wait seeing after blast pipe overflows casting resin slip, again through filling in 10-15 minute, casting resin slip will enrich route, and mortar overflows from blast pipe, reaches to connect completely top.
H, pressure connect top: using the local rock pillar of roof supporting above short-delay blasting avalanche ore pillar, after catalase, have certain broken swollen property, broken swollen coefficient is about 1.4～1.7, can guarantee that top board is closely knit and connects top.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are not limited by above-described embodiment; other without departing from the change made under spirit of the invention and principle, modify, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method improving ore body Tight filling rate, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
A, layout stope: use triangle disposition structure to arrange stope；
B, change top board shape: be arranged to by top board skewed and to make the top board inclination angle gradient be 8-15%, use arch top board when top board cannot be made to be arranged to skewed；
C, erection filling pipe and blast pipe: the export frame of filling pipe is located at top board highest point, the export frame of blast pipe is located at above top board at 30-40cm, time undesirable, carry out blowing out process of caunching；
D, perforating powder charge: perforating on filling dead zone top plate and side eye, install explosive；
E, filling: selecting filling cement-sand ratio is the casting resin of 1:10-1:4, by filling system by Filling density be 65-68%, filling flow be that the casting resin slip of 63-65% is filled in filling dead zone；
F, dehydration: utilize filter pipe implement descending sluicing and utilize filling well enforcement up pumping for water pump to be discharged as early as possible by the ponding in stowing operation, make obturation have enough densities；
G, disconnected pipe: when Tight filling distance is less than 1m, carry out disconnected pipe, form multiple spot blanking filling pipe, wait seeing after blast pipe overflows casting resin slip, then through filling in 10-15 minute；
H, pressure connect top: use the local rock pillar of roof supporting above short-delay blasting avalanche ore pillar.
A kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step A, to press the slice drift width 0.5m that builds a dam high for triangle disposition structure stope higher slice, and higher slice can be worn arteries and veins and set up filling pipeline.
A kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step B on Stope roof Drilling peephole.
A kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step C, the outlet of filling pipe is placed on and is filled at terminal portion distance face 5m.
A kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step C, the diameter of blast pipe is less than the diameter of filling pipe.
A kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the filling pipe connecting tee valve outside filling counterfort in described step C.
A kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step E, filling cement-sand ratio is 1:4,1:6,1:8,1:10 and the applicable elements using each filling cement-sand ratio is: filling cement-sand ratio is all routes that 1:4 is applicable to the back production of each lower leaf institute, and lays at the bottom of bar-mat reinforcement metal vacation；Filling cement-sand ratio be 1:6 be applicable to each extracting drift connect top, in order to form working plate；Filling cement-sand ratio is the stope that 1:8 is applicable to have adjacent route；Filling cement-sand ratio is stope and last stope of adjacent route that 1:10 is applicable to wall scroll route.
A kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: when connecing top in described step E, the Filling density of casting resin slip is 68%.
A kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step G, at filling pipe 30 meters, personnel carry out disconnected pipe, or it is wrapped in 8-10 circle on filling pipe with detonator, then wrap up tight with 30 grams of explosives and an on-electric detonator adhesive plaster, carry out igniting disconnected pipe.
A kind of method improving ore body Tight filling rate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step H, after catalase, broken swollen coefficient is 1.4-1.7.
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| CN114320457A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-12 | 安徽马钢张庄矿业有限责任公司 | Underground goaf multipoint filling and goaf water filtering and draining method |
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| CN103899352A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-07-02 | 中国矿业大学 | Filling rate design and control method for solid filing in coal mining |
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