CN104402602B - One grows cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
One grows cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention discloses one to grow cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special and preparation method thereof, belong to complex fertilizer technical field.Inventive formulation makes according to a certain percentage after organic fertilizer fermentation with inorganic fertilizer compound, formula is rationally, preparation method is simple, the product of preparation had both had the quick-acting of inorganic fertilizer, there is again long-acting, the slow of fertilizer, meeting the demand to Different Nutrient Elements in cotton growth process, nutrients release equalizes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of complex fertilizer, be specifically related to one and grow cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special and preparation method thereof, belong to complex fertilizer technical field.
Background technology
Cotton is one of topmost crops in Xinjiang of China area, and yield is big, production cost is low, makes cotton products less expensive.Cotton fiber can make the fabric of plurality of specifications, from the most transparent organdy to abundant canvas and thick velveteen, be suitable to make all kinds of clothes, furniture stuff and industrial cloth, life with people is closely bound up, thus improve the quality of cotton, the yield improving cotton is significant to improving Xinjiang region agricultural development.
Cotton is a kind of to like temperature, happiness light, happiness is fertile, breeding time is longer crop, is again a kind of to need fertile more and fertilizer practice is required stricter crop, and its breeding time is between 145 ~ 175 days.According to the morphological index of growthdevelopmental stage, can be divided into 4 main period such as wonderful phase, flower bud phase, flowering and boll-setting period, the term of opening bolls all one's life of cotton.Cotton normal growth is grown needs nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements.According to research data, cotton often forms 100 gined cottons about to be needed to absorb purity nitrogen 13.35, and phosphorus pentoxide 4.65, potassium oxide 13.35, fertilizer requirement increases with the raising of yield level.Different cultivars yield level slightly difference.Research shows, the fertile peak period of cotton suction is at flowering and boll-setting period, and nitrogen fertilizer absorption peak period is at full-bloom stage, and phosphorus potassium absorbs peak period at full-bloom stage to the term of opening bolls.Being also required to apply appropriate fertilizer in the growth course of cotton to increase soil fertility simultaneously, improve soil physico-chemical property, applying organic manure is for keeping and improve the renewal of the soil organism and organic matter playing an important role.At present, inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer are mainly intersected fertilising to the effect reaching increasing both production and income by the peasant of most of plant cottons, but the fertilising that the most repeatedly intersects causes the significant wastage of manpower and materials, and utilization rate of fertilizer is relatively low, the inorganic fertilizer used in a large number causes soil seriously to harden, and cotton plants dependence strengthens, and resistance weakens, easily being attacked by various diseases, the loss of the most a large amount of fertilizer causes serious environmental pollution.And some compound organic and inorganic fertilizers are applied to cotton by after simple compound on market, it is impossible to meet the cotton growth different times nutritional need to Different Nutrients well, fertilizer nutrient is uneven, and using effect is poor, is the most just unable to reach the purpose of increasing both production and income.Therefore it provides the special compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of the applicable cotton of a kind of nutrients release equilibrium that can increase production and can improve soil quality is the most necessary.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one to grow cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special and preparation method thereof.This method for preparing fertilizer is simple, and formula rationally, can be effectively improved soil quality, and nutrients release equalizes, and meets the cotton demand to Different Nutrients of different growth periods, and can effectively prevent the generation of various physiological disturbance.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
One grows cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special, it is characterized in that, it is made up of the raw material of following weight ratio: sugar slag: hardship is remonstrated with skin: rhizome of cyrtomium: golden cypress: trace element: potassium fulvate: adhesive: urea: MAP: potassium chloride: sulphur ammonium: EM bacterium solution is 170-190:5-15:5-15:5-15:15-25:30-50:15-30:220-245:170-190: 75-95:170-190:20-40；
Wherein said trace element is zinc-amino acid chelate: chelating amino acids boron: amino acid chelated iron: copper amino acid chelate forms according to 1:0.8-1.2:0.9-1.2:1-1.5；
The preparation method of described cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special comprises the steps:
(1) make its water content 40-50% after being dried by sugar slag drying machine, be subsequently adding pulverizer and pulverize, cross 100-150 mesh sieve and obtain in fine powder material addition retort；
(2) continuously adding EM bacterium solution in retort and stir, mixing speed is 5-6r/min；In computer heating control retort, temperature is at 40 ± 5 DEG C, continuing fermentation 2 days；
(3), after fermentation ends, skin of hardship being remonstrated with, rhizome of cyrtomium, golden cypress attrition grinding add in retort after crossing 200 mesh sieves；
(4) other components being sequentially added in above-mentioned reacted retort and stir, stirring diameter D=200mm, rotating speed 20-30r/min, the time is 30min；
(5) above-mentioned complex fertilizer is joined granulation in comminutor; granulation is passed through the hot blast of 100-110 DEG C of temperature and carries out drying 2-3h after completing; the cold wind cooling being passed through 25-30 DEG C of temperature again processes; until the temperature of mixture is down to 30 DEG C; obtain granular mixture; sub-sieve goes out diameter to carry out finished product packing at the particle of 1.5-3mm and obtains product, and non-finished particle carries out secondary operations.
As the present invention a kind of preferably, described sugar slag: hardship is remonstrated with skin: rhizome of cyrtomium: golden cypress: trace element: potassium fulvate: adhesive: urea: MAP: potassium chloride: sulphur ammonium: EM bacterium solution is 175-185:8-12:8-12:8-12:17-23:35-45:20-28:225-235:175-185: 80-90:175-185:25-35；
Wherein said trace element is zinc-amino acid chelate: chelating amino acids boron: amino acid chelated iron: copper amino acid chelate forms according to 1:0.9-1.1:1-1.2:1.2-1.4.
As the present invention another kind of preferably, described sugar slag: hardship is remonstrated with skin: rhizome of cyrtomium: golden cypress: trace element: potassium fulvate: adhesive: urea: MAP: potassium chloride: sulphur ammonium: EM bacterium solution is 180:10:10:10:20:40:25:230:180:85:180:30；
Wherein said trace element is zinc-amino acid chelate: chelating amino acids boron: amino acid chelated iron: copper amino acid chelate forms according to 1:1:1.2:1.3.
Described adhesive is attapulgite clay and sodium cellulose glycolate is mixed with weight ratio 1:1.
Described sugar slag is corn starch sugar dreg, beet sugar slag or glutamate production useless sugar slag.
One preparation method growing cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) make its water content 40-50% after being dried by sugar slag drying machine, be subsequently adding pulverizer and pulverize, cross 100-150 mesh sieve and obtain in fine powder material addition retort；
(2) continuously adding EM bacterium solution in retort and stir, mixing speed is 5-6r/min；In computer heating control retort, temperature is at 40 ± 5 DEG C, continuing fermentation 2 days；
(3), after fermentation ends, skin of hardship being remonstrated with, rhizome of cyrtomium, golden cypress attrition grinding add in retort after crossing 200 mesh sieves；
(4) other components being sequentially added in above-mentioned reacted retort and stir, stirring diameter D=200mm, rotating speed 20-30r/min, the time is 30min；
(5) above-mentioned complex fertilizer is joined granulation in comminutor; granulation is passed through the hot blast of 100-110 DEG C of temperature and carries out drying 2-3h after completing; the cold wind cooling being passed through 25-30 DEG C of temperature again processes; until the temperature of mixture is down to 30 DEG C; obtain granular mixture; sub-sieve goes out diameter to carry out finished product packing at the particle of 1.5-3mm and obtains product, and non-finished particle carries out secondary operations.
The main area of application of this formula is cotton producing region, Xinjiang.Using method: preferably spread fertilizer over the fields, row replacement, spread manuer in holes, adds soil covering, and the degree of depth is advisable with five to ten centimetres.
Sugared slag in inventive formulation contains the nutrient such as abundant organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, after adding the fermentation of EM bacterium solution, produce more probio, jointly act on the Chinese medicine added playing and effectively prevent plant from infecting pest and disease damage and the generation of physiological disorder.Additionally, the trace element in the present invention uses chelating amino acids agent, it is more favorable for the absorption of plant.Formula makes according to a certain percentage after organic fertilizer fermentation with inorganic fertilizer compound, using attapulgite and sodium cellulose glycolate is adhesive, granulation outcome is more preferable, owing to sodium cellulose glycolate has hydrophily, thus after being applied to soil, enhancing the water retention property of soil, this fertilizer had both had the quick-acting of inorganic fertilizer simultaneously, had again long-acting, the slow of fertilizer, meeting the demand to Different Nutrient Elements in cotton growth process, nutrients release equalizes.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) soil can be improved, strengthen soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, increase the crumb structure in soil, the pH value of regulation soil.
2) nutrients release equilibrium, i.e. has the quick-acting of inorganic fertilizer, has again long-acting, the slow of fertilizer.
3) various pest and disease damages and physiological disturbance that cotton is easily generated can be prevented.
4) comparing with general inorganic formula, the resistance of plant strengthens, and structure of output is excellent, and yield significantly improves.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Often producing 1000kg cotton compound fertilizer special needed raw material (kg) is that corn starch sugar dreg sugar slag 170, hardship are remonstrated with skin 5, rhizome of cyrtomium 15, golden cypress 5, trace element 25, potassium fulvate 30, adhesive 30, urea 245, MAP 190, potassium chloride 75, sulphur ammonium 170, EM bacterium solution 40；
Wherein said trace element is zinc-amino acid chelate: chelating amino acids boron: amino acid chelated iron: copper amino acid chelate forms according to 1:0.8:0.9:1；
Described adhesive is attapulgite clay and sodium cellulose glycolate is mixed with weight ratio 1:1；
The preparation method of above-mentioned cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special comprises the steps:
(1) make its water content 40% after being dried by sugar slag drying machine, be subsequently adding pulverizer and pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves and obtain in fine powder material addition retort；
(2) continuously adding EM bacterium solution in retort and stir, mixing speed is 5r/min；In computer heating control retort, temperature is at 40 ± 5 DEG C, continuing fermentation 2 days；
(3), after fermentation ends, skin of hardship being remonstrated with, rhizome of cyrtomium, golden cypress attrition grinding add in retort after crossing 200 mesh sieves；
(4) other components being sequentially added in above-mentioned reacted retort and stir, stirring diameter D=200mm, rotating speed 20r/min, the time is 30min；
(5) above-mentioned complex fertilizer is joined granulation in comminutor; granulation is passed through the hot blast of 100 DEG C of temperature and carries out drying 3h after completing; the cold wind cooling being passed through 25 DEG C of temperature again processes; until the temperature of mixture is down to 30 DEG C; obtain granular mixture; sub-sieve goes out diameter to carry out finished product packing at the particle of 1.5-3mm and obtains product, and non-finished particle carries out secondary operations.
Embodiment 2
Often producing 1000kg cotton compound fertilizer special needed raw material (kg) is that beet sugar slag 190, hardship are remonstrated with skin 15, rhizome of cyrtomium 5, golden cypress 15, trace element 15, potassium fulvate 50, adhesive 15, urea 220, MAP 170, potassium chloride 95, sulphur ammonium 190, EM bacterium solution 20；
Wherein said trace element is zinc-amino acid chelate: chelating amino acids boron: amino acid chelated iron: copper amino acid chelate forms according to 1:1.1:1:1.5；
Described adhesive is attapulgite clay and sodium cellulose glycolate is mixed with weight ratio 1:1；
The preparation method of above-mentioned cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special comprises the steps:
(1) make its water content 50% after being dried by sugar slag drying machine, be subsequently adding pulverizer and pulverize, cross 150 mesh sieves and obtain in fine powder material addition retort；
(2) continuously adding EM bacterium solution in retort and stir, mixing speed is 6r/min；In computer heating control retort, temperature is at 40 ± 5 DEG C, continuing fermentation 2 days；
(3), after fermentation ends, skin of hardship being remonstrated with, rhizome of cyrtomium, golden cypress attrition grinding add in retort after crossing 200 mesh sieves；
(4) other components being sequentially added in above-mentioned reacted retort and stir, stirring diameter D=200mm, rotating speed 30r/min, the time is 30min；
(5) above-mentioned complex fertilizer is joined granulation in comminutor; granulation is passed through the hot blast of 110 DEG C of temperature and carries out drying 2h after completing; the cold wind cooling being passed through 30 DEG C of temperature again processes; until the temperature of mixture is down to 30 DEG C; obtain granular mixture; sub-sieve goes out diameter to carry out finished product packing at the particle of 1.5-3mm and obtains product, and non-finished particle carries out secondary operations.
Embodiment 3
Often producing 1000kg cotton compound fertilizer special needed raw material (kg) is that glutamate production useless sugar slag 180, hardship are remonstrated with skin 10, rhizome of cyrtomium 10, golden cypress 10, trace element 20, potassium fulvate 40, adhesive 25, urea 230, MAP 180, potassium chloride 85, sulphur ammonium 180, EM bacterium solution 30；
Wherein said trace element is zinc-amino acid chelate: chelating amino acids boron: amino acid chelated iron: copper amino acid chelate forms according to 1:1:1.2:1.3；
Described adhesive is attapulgite clay and sodium cellulose glycolate is mixed with weight ratio 1:1；
The preparation method of above-mentioned cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special comprises the steps:
(1) make its water content 45% after being dried by sugar slag drying machine, be subsequently adding pulverizer and pulverize, cross 130 mesh sieves and obtain in fine powder material addition retort；
(2) continuously adding EM bacterium solution in retort and stir, mixing speed is 6r/min；In computer heating control retort, temperature is at 40 ± 5 DEG C, continuing fermentation 2 days；
(3), after fermentation ends, skin of hardship being remonstrated with, rhizome of cyrtomium, golden cypress attrition grinding add in retort after crossing 200 mesh sieves；
(4) other components being sequentially added in above-mentioned reacted retort and stir, stirring diameter D=200mm, rotating speed 25r/min, the time is 30min；
(5) above-mentioned complex fertilizer is joined granulation in comminutor; granulation is passed through the hot blast of 110 DEG C of temperature and carries out drying 3h after completing; the cold wind cooling being passed through 28 DEG C of temperature again processes; until the temperature of mixture is down to 30 DEG C; obtain granular mixture; sub-sieve goes out diameter to carry out finished product packing at the particle of 1.5-3mm and obtains product, and non-finished particle carries out secondary operations.
The complex fertilizer preparing embodiment 1-3 is tested, and each component content is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 different ratio prepares each component content of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer
| Embodiment 1(%) | Embodiment 2(%) | Embodiment 3(%) | |
| Total nitrogen (N) | 16.5 | 16.8 | 17.3 |
| Phosphorus (P2O5) | 8.4 | 8.2 | 8.6 |
| Potassium (K2O) | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.8 |
| Total nutrient | 30.5 | 31.3 | 32.1 |
| Organic | 16.5 | 16.3 | 17.5 |
| Fulvic acid | 2.56 | 2.59 | 2.76 |
| Zinc | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.14 |
| Copper | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.16 |
| Boron | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.09 |
| Iron | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.13 |
| Moisture | 5 | 4.8 | 4.5 |
2011 to 2013 continuous 3 years, chooses a piece of experimental plot in cotton planting base, Bachu County, Kashi Area of Xingjiang Autonomous Region and carries out EFFECTS OF INFLOW APPLICATION METHOD.It is control group that experimental plot is divided into five pieces and respectively numbered 1,2,3,4,5, the 1st group of formed objects, does not use any fertilizer；Using certain common commercially available Chemical Mixed Fertilizer for 2nd group, 3-5 group uses the cotton compound fertilizer special that embodiment 1-3 prepares respectively.It is CCRI 49 for examination cotton variety, 60cm+30cm wide-and narrow-row mulching film planting, planting density 4000 plants/acre.All packet fertilization times and fertilizer amount are identical, and fertilization time disposably applies for making base fertilizer prior to seeding, and rear flowering and boll-setting period carries out 1 time and topdresses.Other cultivation management measures are with local general land for growing field crops cotton.Result of the test is shown in Table 2.
2 2011 years-2013 years experimental plot fertilizer test volume increase results of table
Note:aRepresent that rate of growth is for compare with the 2nd group of result in the same year.
Can be drawn by above-mentioned experimental result, use the cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special that the present invention prepares fairly obvious to Yield Increase In Cotton effect, its rate of growth is apparently higher than using common commercially available complex fertilizer, and the Experimental Comparison of continuous 3 years finds, the yield of cotton is presented the trend increased year by year substantially, this is due to the fertilizer of the continuous administration present invention, significantly improve water conservation fertilizer conservation and the gas permeability of soil, enhance the quality of soil, the a few herbs meanwhile added in fertilizer and the sugared slag after EM bacterium solution is fermented act on test field jointly, the probio produced and medicine jointly act on and significantly reduce bacterium and the fungi disease to plant, decrease the generation of pest and disease damage and physiological disturbance, improve the productivity of crops.
The present invention is investigated the fertilizer using the present invention and is studied the impact of the structure of output of cotton.Choose in above-mentioned test as a example by the cotton of 2013, often 10 strain cotton plants the most all cotton boll research experiment are randomly drawed in group experimental plot.Result of study is shown in Table 3.
Table 3 output of cotton structural research result
| Individual plant averagely ties bell number | Average Single boll weight/g | Lint percentage mean value/% | Flower rate/% before frost | |
| 1st group | 4.25 | 5.05 | 35 | 88.2 |
| 2nd group | 5.68 | 5.17 | 41 | 93.5 |
| 3rd group | 6.58 | 5.92 | 45 | 97.7 |
| 4th group | 6.45 | 5.78 | 45 | 98.2 |
| 5th group | 6.58 | 5.82 | 45 | 98.1 |
From the results shown in Table 3, use the cotton plants of fertilizer of the present invention, its individual plant knot cotton boll number and cotton boll weight are substantially better than and do not apply fertilizer group and use common commercially available Chemical Mixed Fertilizer group, and flower rate is the highest before frost, this equalizes mainly due to the compound organic and inorganic fertilizer nutrients release of the present invention, meets the Different Nutrition demand at each position of cotton growing stage, promote the photosynthesis rate in each period, the term of opening bolls, relatively early before frost, flower rate improved, thus growth there emerged a cotton fruit the most of fine quality.
Claims (6)
1. one grow cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special, it is characterized in that, it is made up of the raw material of following weight ratio: sugar slag: hardship is remonstrated with skin: rhizome of cyrtomium: golden cypress: trace element: potassium fulvate: adhesive: urea: MAP: potassium chloride: sulphur ammonium: EM bacterium solution is 170-190:5-15:5-15:5-15:15-25:30-50:15-30:220-245:170-190: 75-95:170-190:20-40；
Wherein said trace element is zinc-amino acid chelate: chelating amino acids boron: amino acid chelated iron: copper amino acid chelate forms according to 1:0.8-1.2:0.9-1.2:1-1.5；
The preparation method of described cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special comprises the steps:
Make its water content 40-50% after being dried by sugar slag drying machine, be subsequently adding pulverizer and pulverize, cross 100-150 mesh sieve and obtain in fine powder material addition retort；
Continuously adding EM bacterium solution in retort and stir, mixing speed is 5-6r/min；In computer heating control retort, temperature is at 40 ± 5 DEG C, continuing fermentation 2 days；
After fermentation ends, skin of hardship being remonstrated with, rhizome of cyrtomium, golden cypress attrition grinding add in retort after crossing 200 mesh sieves；
Other components being sequentially added in above-mentioned reacted retort and stir, stirring diameter D=200mm, rotating speed 20-30r/min, the time is 30min；
Above-mentioned complex fertilizer is joined granulation in comminutor; granulation is passed through the hot blast of 100-110 DEG C of temperature and carries out drying 2-3h after completing; the cold wind cooling being passed through 25-30 DEG C of temperature again processes; until the temperature of mixture is down to 30 DEG C; obtain granular mixture; sub-sieve goes out diameter to carry out finished product packing at the particle of 1.5-3mm and obtains product, and non-finished particle carries out secondary operations.
Cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sugar slag: hardship is remonstrated with skin: rhizome of cyrtomium: golden cypress: trace element: potassium fulvate: adhesive: urea: MAP: potassium chloride: sulphur ammonium: EM bacterium solution is 175-185:8-12:8-12:8-12:17-23:35-45:20-28:225-235:175-185: 80-90:175-185:25-35；
Wherein said trace element is zinc-amino acid chelate: chelating amino acids boron: amino acid chelated iron: copper amino acid chelate forms according to 1:0.9-1.1:1-1.2:1.2-1.4.
Cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special the most according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described sugar slag: hardship is remonstrated with skin: rhizome of cyrtomium: golden cypress: trace element: potassium fulvate: adhesive: urea: MAP: potassium chloride: sulphur ammonium: EM bacterium solution is 180:10:10:10:20:40:25:230:180:85:180:30；
Wherein said trace element is zinc-amino acid chelate: chelating amino acids boron: amino acid chelated iron: copper amino acid chelate forms according to 1:1:1.2:1.3.
Cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special the most according to any one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that described adhesive is attapulgite clay and sodium cellulose glycolate is mixed with weight ratio 1:1.
Cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special the most according to any one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that described sugar slag is corn starch sugar dreg, beet sugar slag or glutamate production useless sugar slag.
6. the preparation method of the cotton organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special described in a claim 1, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) make its water content 40-50% after being dried by sugar slag drying machine, be subsequently adding pulverizer and pulverize, cross 100-150 mesh sieve and obtain in fine powder material addition retort；
(2) continuously adding EM bacterium solution in retort and stir, mixing speed is 5-6r/min；In computer heating control retort, temperature is at 40 ± 5 DEG C, continuing fermentation 2 days；
(3), after fermentation ends, skin of hardship being remonstrated with, rhizome of cyrtomium, golden cypress attrition grinding add in retort after crossing 200 mesh sieves；
(4) other components being sequentially added in above-mentioned reacted retort and stir, stirring diameter D=200mm, rotating speed 20-30r/min, the time is 30min；
(5) above-mentioned complex fertilizer is joined granulation in comminutor; granulation is passed through the hot blast of 100-110 DEG C of temperature and carries out drying 2-3h after completing; the cold wind cooling being passed through 25-30 DEG C of temperature again processes; until the temperature of mixture is down to 30 DEG C; obtain granular mixture; sub-sieve goes out diameter to carry out finished product packing at the particle of 1.5-3mm and obtains product, and non-finished particle carries out secondary operations.
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