CN104400207A - Friction-stir welding method of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel - Google Patents
Friction-stir welding method of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104400207A CN104400207A CN201410536228.2A CN201410536228A CN104400207A CN 104400207 A CN104400207 A CN 104400207A CN 201410536228 A CN201410536228 A CN 201410536228A CN 104400207 A CN104400207 A CN 104400207A
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- ferrite
- austenite
- steel
- welding
- stir welding
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to friction-stir welding method of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel, and belongs to the technical field of welding of metal materials. The method comprises the steps that a ferrite steel plate and an austenite steel plate are fixed in an abutting-joint manner through a fixing device and are fixed to a friction-stir welding device through a clamp; the distance from a stirring head of the friction-stir welding device to an abutting-joint surface is set, that is, the offset amount and the shaft shoulder pushing amount are set; and the inclined angle, the rotating speed and the advancing speed of the stirring head are adjusted, and then welding is carried out. According to the method, in the welding process, heat input is small, an overheated area existing in fusion welding cannot be generated, and common defects, such as impurity blending and cold and heat cracks, do not exist. A welding joint with the more excellent performance can be obtained. The technology problem of welding of a dissimilar steel plate is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Metal Material Welding technical field, refer to the friction stir welding method of a kind of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel especially.
Background technology
The welding of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel relates to multiple industry field such as nuclear reactor, thermal power generation, in national economy, occupy critical role.But for current solder technology, the Welding Problems of dissimilar steel is still a difficult point.This not to mate due to the chemical composition of dissimilar metal, thermophysical property and the aspect such as chemical property all exists very large difference, use in the welding process of traditional welding method (as melting welding), the problems such as weld metal zone fire check, heat affected area cold crack, carbon diffusion, uneven, the easy generation coarse grain zone of microstructure may be there is, cause the mechanical property of welding point poor, cause the problems such as inefficacy (I.Hajiannia, M.Shamanian, M.Kasiri.Material sand Design, 2013,50:566-573).Can in addition, the use of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel in following clean energy resource-nuclear fusion stack, occupies very crucial position, the performance of its welding point high temperature resistance high pressure, directly affects the success or failure of nuclear fusion stack and realize commercialization.Therefore, extremely urgent to the improvement of different steel weld technology.
Agitating friction welding is a kind of novel solid phase joining technique, and it has, and strength of welded joint is high, heat inputs less, stress is little, not easily produce harmful equal advantage.At present, agitating friction welding is mainly used in welding (R.Nandan, the T.DebRoy of the low melting materials such as aluminium alloy, H.K.D.H.Bhadeshia.Progress inMaterial Science, 2008,53:980-1023), but be rarely used in the welding of the materials with high melting point such as steel.This is because the fusing point of steel is generally at 1500 DEG C, and hardness is also very large, easily causes mixing needle rupture and make welding failure.Larger to the welding difficulty of dissimilar steel.Because the fusing point of the two, thermal coefficient of expansion, thermal conductivity etc. are all not identical, are easy to produce stress in commissure and concentrate and cause failure fracture.The chemical composition of dissimilar steel is also different in addition, probably in welding process, forms brittle alloy, and this is also the large hidden danger affecting property of welded joint.In addition, because the thermoplasticity of bi-material is different, the shape, placement location, side-play amount etc. of stirring-head all need to consider.Therefore, the technological parameter working out a set of optimization has great importance to the good shaping weld seam of acquisition and high performance welding point.The invention provides a kind of friction stir welding method being applicable to ferrite/martensite steel, optimize the Parameter Conditions that can obtain the good weld seam of quality, when effectively solving employing fusion welding method welding dissimilar steel, the problem such as hot and cold crackle, slag inclusion easily caused.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the friction stir welding method of a kind of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel.
The method selects planar end surface taper mixing needle, adopts certain tilt angle, side-play amount and shaft shoulder drafts, controls speed of welding and Rotating speed, welds, can obtain the second best in quality welding point to ferrite steel plate and austenite steel plate.
The method is specially: adopt fixture austenitic steel and ferritic steel neatly to be docked, adopt planar end surface taper mixing needle, austenitic steel is as advance side, ferritic steel is as retrogressing side, stirring-head is positioned at austenitic steel side, side-play amount is 0 ~ 0.4 times of mixing needle end diameter, and tilt angle gets 1.5 ~ 3 °, welds along bead direction; From the shaft shoulder touches mother metal to be welded, calculate volume under pressure, volume under pressure scope is 0.1 ~ 0.3mm; The gait of march of stirring-head is 50 ~ 300mm/min, and rotary speed is 500 ~ 1000rpm; After welding terminates, treat that steel plate is cooled to room temperature and unclamps fixture again, to prevent from welding rear distortion.
Wherein, the thickness of ferrite steel plate and austenite steel plate is all greater than 1.5mm and is less than 4mm, and the thickness difference of two block plates can not more than 0.3mm; Stirring-head is made up of the shaft shoulder and mixing needle; Shaft shoulder diameter is greater than 10mm and is less than 20mm; Mixing needle end diameter is greater than 2mm and is less than 5mm; Mixing needle root diameter (RD) is greater than 6mm and is less than 9mm; Mixing needle length is that in ferritic steel plate thickness and austenitic steel plate thickness, the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of smaller deducts 0.1 ~ 0.3mm.
Do not need to treat welding steel plate before ferrite/austenite different steel weld and carry out the pre-heat treatment, in welding process, do not need to heat.
The beneficial effect of technique scheme of the present invention is as follows:
(1) property of welded joint is good, and intensity is higher than the intensity of mother metal;
(2) in welding process, heat input is few, is influenced by heat less, can not produces the overheated zone existed in melting welding, do not exist yet be mingled with, defect common in the melting welding such as hot and cold crackle;
(3) scope of can welding is wide, and the material for different-thickness also can ensure to form the second best in quality weld seam;
(4) physical property when solving different steel weld in melting welding is not mated and carbon diffusion problem, and weld metal zone forms the line and staff control of a certain proportion of bi-material;
(5) post-weld stress is little compared with melting welding, causes the possibility of joint early fracture little by effect of stress;
(6) simple to operate, automation is high, pollute less, good work environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the friction stir welding method welding process schematic diagram of a kind of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
The present invention is directed in traditional fusion welding method the various defects existed, the friction stir welding method of a kind of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel is provided.
Embodiment 1
Adopt the step shown in Fig. 1 to carry out the agitating friction welding of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel, do not need to treat welding steel plate before welding and carry out the pre-heat treatment, in welding process, do not need to heat; The ferritic steel plate thickness selected is 1.5mm, and austenitic steel plate thickness is 1.6mm; Shaft shoulder diameter is 10mm, and mixing needle end diameter is 2mm, and root diameter (RD) is 6mm, and length is 1.3mm; Adopt planar end surface taper mixing needle, austenitic steel is as advance side, and ferritic steel is as retrogressing side, stirring-head is positioned at austenitic steel side, namely the distance of stirring-head centre-to-centre spacing interface offsets and measures 0mm, and tilt angle gets 2.5 °, welds along bead direction; Volume under pressure is 0.1mm; The gait of march of stirring-head is 200mm/min, and rotary speed is 800rpm; After welding terminates, after steel plate cooling, unclamp fixture again, to prevent from welding rear distortion.
Can see from the seam center after welding adopts agitating friction postwelding can obtain smooth, smooth weld seam.
Stretched in room temperature by ferritic steel/austenitic steel weldment after welding, can find out that fracture occurs in austenitic steel side from the sample after tension failure, weld seam does not split.
Stretched under 550 DEG C of high temperature by ferritic steel/austenitic steel weldment after welding, can find out that fracture occurs in austenitic steel side from the sample after tension failure, weld seam does not split.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the step shown in Fig. 1 to carry out the agitating friction welding of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel, do not need to treat welding steel plate before welding and carry out the pre-heat treatment, in welding process, do not need to heat; The ferritic steel plate thickness selected is 2mm, and austenitic steel plate thickness is 2.2mm; Shaft shoulder diameter is 12mm, and mixing needle end diameter is 4mm, and root diameter (RD) is 8mm, and length is 1.8mm; Adopt planar end surface taper mixing needle, austenitic steel is as advance side, and ferritic steel is as retrogressing side, stirring-head is positioned at austenitic steel side, namely the distance of stirring-head centre-to-centre spacing interface offsets and measures 0.2mm, and tilt angle gets 1.5 °, welds along bead direction; Volume under pressure is 0.2mm; The gait of march of stirring-head is 50mm/min, and rotary speed is 500rpm; After welding terminates, after steel plate cooling, unclamp fixture again, to prevent from welding rear distortion.
Embodiment 3
Adopt the step shown in Fig. 1 to carry out the agitating friction welding of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel, do not need to treat welding steel plate before welding and carry out the pre-heat treatment, in welding process, do not need to heat; The ferritic steel plate thickness selected is 3.8mm, and austenitic steel plate thickness is 3.9mm; Shaft shoulder diameter is 18mm, and mixing needle end diameter is 5mm, and root diameter (RD) is 9mm, and length is 3.6mm; Adopt planar end surface taper mixing needle, austenitic steel is as advance side, and ferritic steel is as retrogressing side, stirring-head is positioned at austenitic steel side, namely the distance of stirring-head centre-to-centre spacing interface offsets and measures 0.3mm, and tilt angle gets 3 °, welds along bead direction; Volume under pressure is 0.3mm; The gait of march of stirring-head is 300mm/min, and rotary speed is 1000rpm; After welding terminates, after steel plate cooling, unclamp fixture again, to prevent from welding rear distortion.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from principle of the present invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a friction stir welding method for ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel, is characterized in that, comprising:
Adopt fixture to fix in the mode of docking ferrite steel plate and austenite steel plate, then be fixed on agitating friction soldering equipment by fixture, between ferrite steel plate and austenite steel plate, do not stay gap;
The distance arranging the stirring-head centre-to-centre spacing interface of agitating friction soldering equipment is side-play amount;
The depression distance arranging stirring-head is volume under pressure;
Weld along bead direction.
2. the friction stir welding method of a kind of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the thickness of ferrite steel plate and austenite steel plate is all greater than 1.5mm and is less than 4mm, the thickness difference of two block plates can not more than 0.3mm.
3. the friction stir welding method of a kind of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described stirring-head is made up of the shaft shoulder and mixing needle; Mixing needle is planar end surface taper.
4. the friction stir welding method of a kind of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the calculated value of described volume under pressure is from the shaft shoulder touches mother metal to be welded; Volume under pressure is 0.1 ~ 0.3mm.
5. the friction stir welding method of a kind of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described shaft shoulder diameter is greater than 10mm and is less than 20mm; Mixing needle end diameter is greater than 2mm and is less than 5mm; Mixing needle root diameter (RD) is greater than 6mm and is less than 9mm; Mixing needle length is that in ferritic steel plate thickness and austenitic steel plate thickness, the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of smaller deducts 0.1 ~ 0.3mm.
6. the friction stir welding method of a kind of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: during friction stir welding, and the inclination angle of stirring-head is 1.5 ~ 3 °.
7. the friction stir welding method of a kind of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: during welding, stirring-head screws in the offset direction of mother metal to be welded is austenitic steel side, and side-play amount is 0 ~ 0.4 times of mixing needle end diameter.
8. the friction stir welding method of a kind of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: during welding, austenitic steel is advance side, and ferritic steel is for retreating side.
9. the friction stir welding method of a kind of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the gait of march of stirring-head is 50 ~ 300mm/min, and rotary speed is 500 ~ 1000rpm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410536228.2A CN104400207B (en) | 2014-10-11 | 2014-10-11 | A kind of friction stir welding method of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel |
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| CN201410536228.2A CN104400207B (en) | 2014-10-11 | 2014-10-11 | A kind of friction stir welding method of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel |
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Cited By (6)
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| WO2020006806A1 (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2020-01-09 | 精进电动科技股份有限公司 | Method for sealing and welding cooling water channel of electric motor housing |
| CN111037088A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 惠州市亿鹏能源科技有限公司 | Welding process of friction stir welding |
| CN113747993A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2021-12-03 | 川崎重工业株式会社 | Friction stir spot welding apparatus and method of operating the same |
| CN114473180A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-13 | 江苏科技大学 | Alternating radial force adjustable stirring friction welding method for dissimilar metal connection |
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| CN113747993A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2021-12-03 | 川崎重工业株式会社 | Friction stir spot welding apparatus and method of operating the same |
| CN111037088A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 惠州市亿鹏能源科技有限公司 | Welding process of friction stir welding |
| CN114473180A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-13 | 江苏科技大学 | Alternating radial force adjustable stirring friction welding method for dissimilar metal connection |
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