CN114473180A - Alternating radial force adjustable stirring friction welding method for dissimilar metal connection - Google Patents
Alternating radial force adjustable stirring friction welding method for dissimilar metal connection Download PDFInfo
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- CN114473180A CN114473180A CN202210270742.0A CN202210270742A CN114473180A CN 114473180 A CN114473180 A CN 114473180A CN 202210270742 A CN202210270742 A CN 202210270742A CN 114473180 A CN114473180 A CN 114473180A
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241001581440 Astroides Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000691 Re alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Re] DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a dissimilar metal connection alternating radial force adjustable friction stir welding method, which comprises the following steps of a, defining one side of a stirring pin with the rotating tangential direction consistent with the advancing direction as the advancing side of the stirring pin; the side of the rotating tangential direction of the stirring pin opposite to the advancing direction is a retreating side; b. placing the metal material with higher melting point on the forward side of the stirring pin, and placing the metal material with lower melting point on the backward side of the stirring pin; c. the stirring on the stirring head is utilized to carry out friction stir welding on the connecting seam of two dissimilar metals, and meanwhile, the circumferential rotation and radial alternating electromagnetic force is constructed on the welding area around the stirring pin. The invention provides an adjustable alternating radial electromagnetic force by taking a stirring needle as a center in a welding area, and the alternating radial electromagnetic force radially drives plastic metal to flow and diffuse, so that part of high-melting-point alloy in a heat engine influence area is torn and moves to one side of low-melting-point alloy, the phenomenon of self-locking of the welding seam area in a weaving manner is finally formed, the combination area is increased, and the mechanical property of a joint is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing and forming, and particularly relates to a dissimilar metal connection alternating radial force adjustable friction stir welding method.
Background
The friction stir welding process is a green welding process and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, rail transit and the like in recent years. Through the friction heat between the stirring pin, the shaft shoulder and the workpiece, a plastic flowing layer is formed near the stirring pin, and the plastic flowing layer is filled into a cavity formed behind the stirring pin under the action of high-speed rotation of the stirring head, so that reliable connection is realized.
Different metal materials have great difference in chemical properties and thermophysical properties, and defects such as incomplete welding and cracks are easy to appear in the welding process, so that the performance of a welding structure is reduced. Therefore, the defects are reduced, and the quality of the weldment is improved.
The friction stir welding of dissimilar alloys is easy to generate brittle and hard IMCs in the joint and further evolve into compound layers, so that the performance of the joint is greatly reduced. Therefore, how to inhibit and reduce IMCs in the friction stir welding process of dissimilar alloys becomes a significant difficulty in the current research. For example: the aluminum-steel composite material has the characteristics of good mechanical property of steel, corrosion resistance, high thermal conductivity, low density and the like of aluminum, and can meet a plurality of special use requirements. If intermetallic compounds are generated on the aluminum steel interface, metallurgical bonding between aluminum steel substrates can be damaged, and the service performance of the material is seriously influenced. Therefore, inhibiting the growth of intermetallic compounds at the interface of aluminum steel is the key to the development of aluminum steel composites.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for welding the dissimilar metal connection by stirring and friction welding with the adjustable alternating radial force can solve the problem of performance reduction of a welding joint caused by growth of a dissimilar intermetallic compound.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a friction stir welding method with adjustable dissimilar metal connection alternating radial force comprises the following specific steps:
a. defining one side of the rotating tangential direction of the stirring pin consistent with the advancing direction as the advancing side of the stirring pin; the side of the rotating tangential direction of the stirring pin opposite to the advancing direction is a retreating side;
b. placing the metal material with higher melting point on the forward side of the stirring pin, and placing the metal material with lower melting point on the backward side of the stirring pin;
c. the stirring on the stirring head is utilized to carry out friction stir welding on the connecting seam of two dissimilar metals, and meanwhile, the circumferential rotation and radial alternating electromagnetic force is constructed on the welding area around the stirring pin.
As a preferable scheme, the method further comprises the following steps: according to welding requirements, the fluidity of the plastic flow dynamic metal in the welding area is changed by adjusting the electromagnetic force.
Preferably, in the step c, the electromagnetic force is constructed by providing a strong magnet on a shoulder end surface of the pin and rotating the pin at a high speed, the magnet being arranged at equal intervals along a closed-loop positive astroid curve surrounding the pin, the pin being located at the center of the closed-loop positive astroid curve.
Preferably, each vertex and each bottom point of the closed-loop positive star curve are respectively provided with a magnet, and at least one magnet is uniformly distributed on the curve between the adjacent vertex and the bottom point.
Preferably, the distance difference between the centers of any two adjacent magnets and the stirring pin is smaller than the radius of the magnets.
As a preferable scheme, the specific method for adjusting the electromagnetic force comprises the steps of replacing magnets with different magnetic forces and changing the rotating speed of the stirring head.
As a preferred scheme, the shaft shoulder end face is provided with mounting holes corresponding to the magnets one by one, the magnets are embedded in the mounting holes one by one, and the lower surfaces of the magnets are flush with the shaft shoulder end face.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the adjustable alternating radial electromagnetic force is provided by taking the stirring needle as the center in the welding area to radially drive the plastic metal to flow and diffuse, on one hand, the stirring head can tear part of high-melting-point alloy in a heat engine influence area and move to one side of the low-melting-point alloy under the action of the radial diffusion driving force of the end surface of the stirring head, and finally, the self-locking phenomenon of the texture of the welding line area is formed, the bonding area is increased, and the mechanical property of the joint is promoted; on the other hand, under the action of alternating radial electromagnetic force, atomic sliding of a dissimilar metal interface is increased, a nanoscale pre-melting layer is generated, and nanoscale shearing localization is caused. And a sufficiently high shear strain rate can be maintained in the shear force premelting layer until the interface reaches a threshold temperature, and a solid amorphous state is maintained without depending on rapid solidification, thereby inhibiting the generation of intermetallic compounds. The invention has simple process, low cost, high welding efficiency and long service life of the stirring head, can refine grains of a weld structure and obviously improve the comprehensive performance.
Drawings
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the appended drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of the stirring head according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a stir welding process performed by the stir pin of the present invention;
in FIGS. 1 to 4: 1. the stirring pin comprises a stirring pin body 2, a first metal material 3, a second metal material 4, a stirring head 5, a shaft shoulder end face 6, a magnet 7 and a closed-loop positive star-shaped curve.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
With reference to fig. 1 to 4, the method for welding different metals with stirring and friction in an adjustable alternating radial force comprises the following specific steps:
a. defining one side of the rotating tangential direction of the stirring pin 1 consistent with the advancing direction as an advancing side; the side of the rotational tangential direction of the stirring pin 1 opposite to the advancing direction is a retreating side; the material of the stirring pin 1 is preferably tungsten-rhenium alloy.
b. Placing a first metal material 2 with a higher melting point on the advancing side of a stirring pin 1, and placing a second metal material 3 with a lower melting point on the retreating side of the stirring pin 1;
c. the first metal material 2 and the second metal material 3 are jointed by the stirring pin 1 on the stirring head 4 to be stirred and friction welded, and meanwhile, the circumferential rotation and radial alternating electromagnetic force are constructed on the welding area around the stirring pin 1. The electromagnetic force is constructed by arranging powerful magnets 6 on the shoulder end face 5 of the stirring head 4 and the high-speed rotation of the stirring head 4, the magnets 6 are arranged at equal intervals along a closed-loop positive astroid curve 7 surrounding the stirring pin 4, and the stirring pin 1 is positioned at the center of the closed-loop positive astroid curve 7. The magnet 6 is a neodymium iron boron magnet, is magnetized in the radial direction, is plated with chrome on the surface and is cylindrical.
d: according to welding requirements, the fluidity of the plastic flow dynamic metal in the welding area is changed by adjusting the electromagnetic force. The specific method for adjusting the electromagnetic force comprises the steps of replacing the magnets 6 with different magnetic forces and changing the rotating speed of the stirring head 4.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the closed-loop positive astroid curve 7 is a four-pointed star, one magnet 6 is disposed at each vertex and each bottom point of the closed-loop positive astroid curve 7, and one magnet 6 is disposed at a midpoint of the curve between the adjacent vertex and bottom point. The distance difference between the centers of any two adjacent magnets 6 and the stirring pin 1 is smaller than the radius of the magnets 6.
In the present invention, the apex of the closed-loop positive astroid curve 7 refers to the point farthest from the star center formed by the closed-loop positive astroid curve 7, and the base point refers to the point closest to the star center formed by the closed-loop positive astroid curve 7.
In actual production, a plurality of magnets 6 can be arranged on a curve between adjacent top points and bottom points, and the plurality of magnets 6 are uniformly distributed along the curve or straight line between the top points and the bottom points.
As shown in fig. 3, the shaft shoulder end face 5 is provided with mounting holes 8 corresponding to the magnets 6 one by one, the magnets 6 are embedded in the mounting holes 8 one by one, and the lower surfaces of the magnets 6 are flush with the shaft shoulder end face 5. After the magnet 6 is arranged, the outer surface of the shaft shoulder end surface 5 is sprayed with a layer of thermal barrier coating 9.
In this embodiment, in the step c, the center of the probe 1 is biased toward the second metal material having a lower melting point.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: as shown in fig. 1 to 4, in the process of high-speed rotation of the probe 4 and the probe 1, the metal in the weld zone around the probe 1 forms a plastic flow state, and with the high-speed rotation of the probe 4, the magnets 6 located above the same position of the metal in the weld zone are alternately changed, the transformation rule is that the magnet 6 reciprocates along the radial direction of the stirring pin and continuously reciprocates to generate electromagnetic force alternating radially inwards and outwards on the metal in the plastic flow state in the welding area, according to the different quantity of the vertexes of the closed-loop positive star-shaped curve, the alternating frequency of the electromagnetic force is different when the stirring head 4 rotates for one circle, in the present embodiment, since the number of the vertices of the closed-loop positive astroid curve is four, the number of the electromagnetic force alternation times per rotation of the stirring head 4 is four, and then, the maximum value of the frequency of the stress applied to the plastic flow dynamic metal between the vertices and the bottom point is 4 times of the rotation frequency of the stirring head 4.
The joint surface between the first metal material 2 with a higher forward melting point and the second metal material 3 with a lower melting point is not only subjected to the shearing force of the stirring head 4, but also subjected to the electromagnetic force of radial diffusion, and the high shear strain rate generated in the pre-melting layer is enough to inhibit crystallization, so that the growth of two different intermetallic compounds is inhibited, the plasticizing degree is improved, the fluidity is increased, the self-locking phenomenon of a weld structure is finally formed, the joint area is increased, and the mechanical property of the joint is promoted.
The invention can greatly reduce the welding load and prolong the service life of the stirring head; during welding, strong radial force is applied, thereby increasing the temperature of the workpieces in the welding area. The high radial force can also generate interaction between metal atoms and dislocations, and promote the plastic fluidity of the welding area material by promoting the increment and slippage between the dislocations.
The invention can also effectively improve the quality of the welding seam; the plasticity of the welding area material is improved, the plastic flow of the welding area material can be promoted, and defects such as cavities and the like are avoided.
The invention can also increase the atom sliding of the dissimilar metal interface under the action of the alternating radial force to generate a nanoscale pre-melting layer, thereby leading to nanoscale shearing localization. And the shear force maintains a sufficiently high shear strain rate within the pre-melt until the interface reaches a threshold temperature, a solid amorphous state can be maintained without relying on rapid solidification, thereby inhibiting the formation of intermetallic compounds.
The invention provides a mechanical foundation for designing a novel alloy non-crystallization and dissimilar metal connection technology.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and some embodiments in use, and are not intended to limit the invention; it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these changes and modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A friction stir welding method with adjustable dissimilar metal connection alternating radial force is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
a. defining one side of the rotating tangential direction of the stirring pin consistent with the advancing direction as the advancing side of the stirring pin; the side of the rotating tangential direction of the stirring pin opposite to the advancing direction is a retreating side;
b. placing the metal material with higher melting point on the forward side of the stirring pin, and placing the metal material with lower melting point on the backward side of the stirring pin;
c. the stirring on the stirring head is utilized to carry out friction stir welding on the connecting seam of two dissimilar metals, and meanwhile, the circumferential rotation and radial alternating electromagnetic force is constructed on the welding area around the stirring pin.
2. The friction stir welding method with adjustable alternating radial force for dissimilar metal connection according to claim 1, further comprising step d: according to welding requirements, the fluidity of the plastic flow dynamic metal in the welding area is changed by adjusting the electromagnetic force.
3. A dissimilar metal joining alternating radial force adjustable friction stir welding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step c, electromagnetic force is constructed by providing a strong magnet on a shoulder end surface of the stirring head and high-speed rotation of the stirring head, the magnets being arranged at equal intervals along a closed-loop positive astroid curve surrounding the stirring pin, the stirring pin being located at the center of the closed-loop positive astroid curve.
4. A different metal connection alternating radial force adjustable friction stir welding method according to claim 3, characterized in that each vertex and each bottom point of the closed-loop positive astroid curve are respectively provided with a magnet, and at least one magnet is uniformly distributed on the curve between the adjacent vertex and bottom point.
5. A dissimilar metal joint alternating radial force adjustable friction stir welding method according to claim 4, wherein a difference in distance from the center of any two adjacent magnets to the stirring pin is smaller than a radius of the magnets.
6. A dissimilar metal connection alternating radial force adjustable friction stir welding method according to claim 2, wherein the specific method of adjusting the magnitude of the electromagnetic force comprises changing magnets with different magnetic forces and changing the rotating speed of the stirring head.
7. A dissimilar metal connection alternating radial force adjustable friction stir welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein mounting holes corresponding to the magnets one to one are formed in the end face of the shaft shoulder, the magnets are embedded in the mounting holes one to one, and the lower surfaces of the magnets are flush with the end face of the shaft shoulder.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210270742.0A CN114473180A (en) | 2022-03-18 | 2022-03-18 | Alternating radial force adjustable stirring friction welding method for dissimilar metal connection |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210270742.0A CN114473180A (en) | 2022-03-18 | 2022-03-18 | Alternating radial force adjustable stirring friction welding method for dissimilar metal connection |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101032788A (en) * | 2007-04-28 | 2007-09-12 | 罗键 | Consumable electrode surfacing method of electromagnetic complex field, and the device and extension application thereof |
| CN103028838A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-04-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Welding tool and method for electromagnetic plastic friction stir welding |
| JP2013163208A (en) * | 2012-02-12 | 2013-08-22 | Furukawa-Sky Aluminum Corp | Friction stir welding method |
| CN103785942A (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-05-14 | 长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Aluminum alloy stirring friction welding defect repairing method |
| CN104400207A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2015-03-11 | 北京科技大学 | Friction-stir welding method of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel |
| CN104923911A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-09-23 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Dissimilar metal friction-stir welding one-side welding double-side forming method and device |
| CN105033475A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-11-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Steel-side-high-frequency-induction-heating-assisted friction stir welding method for alumimum-steel material butt joint |
| CN113953648A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-01-21 | 江苏科技大学 | Supplementary formula friction stir spot welding device that backfills of permanent magnet |
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-
2022
- 2022-03-18 CN CN202210270742.0A patent/CN114473180A/en active Pending
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