CN104396170B - 用于3d mimo无线***中反馈的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
***和方法提供了多输入多输出(MIMO)***中的信道状态信息反馈。一种方法对预编码矩阵指示符(PMI)进行量化并且将其从用户设备(UE)反馈回演进型节点B(eNodeB)。所述方法还可以使用码本,用于对优选的水平方向的向量量化以及标量量化器,用于对从eNodeB到选择的UE的优选的垂直方向进行量化。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求于2012年7月27日提交的美国临时申请NO.61/676,775的美国专利法第199条规定的优先权,其全部内容由此通过引用并入到本文中。
技术领域
本公开涉及无线通信网络。具体而言,本公开涉及用于在多输入多输出***中提供信道状态信息反馈的***和方法。
背景技术
在无线通信***中,多输入多输出(MIMO)技术用于提升传输容量和质量。MIMO技术可以在各种应用中找到应用,所述各种应用包括例如3G和4G***,例如,第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)长期演进(LTE)网络和/或LTE演进网络、电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)802.16标准(例如,802.16p)(本领域俗称为WiMAX(全球微波互联接入))以及IEEE 802.11标准(本领域俗称为WiFi)。在LTE***中的3GPP无线接入网络(RANs)中,传输站可以是演进型通用陆地无线接入网(E-UTRAN)节点B(通常称为演进型节点B、增强型节点B或eNodeB)和E-UTRAN中的无线网络控制器(RNC)的组合,所述传输站与无线移动装置(称为用户设备(UE))进行通信。
为了实现具有高传输率的更好的空间复用,发射器(例如,在诸如eNodeB之类的接入点或基站中)根据信道状态来执行波束赋形以及功率分配。接收器(例如,在用户的移动电话或其它UE处)测量信道状态信息(CSI)并且向发射器提供反馈。MIMO***的CSI可以由具有多个复杂元素的矩阵来表示。基于天线和用户的数量,CSI矩阵可以非常大。为了减少上行链路信道的开销,一些无线***使用基于码本的预编码方法,其中,UE根据测量的CSI矩阵从码本中选择预编码矩阵,并且将与所选择的预编码矩阵相对应的索引反馈回eNodeB。eNodeB然后根据索引通过查找码本来获取预编码矩阵,并且使用所述预编码矩阵(例如,在单用户MIMO中)或者基于从多个UE中接收的预编译矩阵(例如,在多用户MIMO中)新计算的预编码矩阵来获取要传输的预编码数据。
附图说明
图1是将水平波束赋形应用于以固定垂直角度发射波束的移动通信***的框图;
图2是根据特定实施例的应用三维波束赋形的移动通信***的框图;
图3示意性地示出了根据一个实施例的二维天线阵列;
图4是在图3中示出的二维天线阵列的框图,所述框图示出了根据一个实施例的相应的相位移动;
图5示意性地示出了根据一个实施例的利用图3示出的二维天线阵列来在三个维度中控制波束;
图6是根据一个实施例的具有三维波束赋形的无线MIMO***的简化框图;
图7是根据一个实施例的用于在具有三维波束赋形的MIMO网络中进行信道信息反馈的方法的流程图;
图8是根据一个实施例的用于在具有二维天线阵列的发射站内进行三维波束赋形的方法的流程图;
图9示出了可以与本文公开的特定实施例一起使用的示例用户设备。
具体实施方式
与本公开的实施例相一致的***和方法的具体实施方式提供如下。尽管描述了几个实施例,但应当理解的是,本公开并不限于任何一个实施例,而相反包含了大量替换方案、变型和等效物。另外,尽管在下面的描述中阐述了大量的具体细节,以便提供对本公开的实施例的全面理解,但是可以在不具有这些细节中的一些或全部的情况下来实施一些实施例。此外,出于清楚的目的,没有详细描述相关领域内某些公知的技术资料,以便避免不必要地使本公开难以理解。
如上所述,在MIMO***中的诸如eNodeB之类的基站可以根据信道状态通过执行波束赋形和功率分配来实现具有高传输率的更好的空间复用。尽管一维(1D)天线阵列可以用于水平波束控制,但使用1D天线阵列的许多***以固定的垂直角度来发射射频(RF)波束。例如,图1是移动通信***100的框图,所述移动通信***100将水平波束赋形应用于以固定的垂直角度从eNodeB 112发射RF波束110,这在整个小区114内通用并且是非用户专用的。如图1所示,当从eNodeB 112到所述UE 116的实际垂直角度与由eNodeB 112使用的RF波束110的垂直倾斜角度不同时,这引起了目标UE 116处接收的信号功率的降低。此外,使用1D天线阵列(未示出),eNodeB 112可能无法使小区内和小区间的干扰最小化。因此,向***内其它UE 118、UE 120、UE 122的信号泄露可能相对较大。
通过使用三维(3D)波束赋形(其中,二维(2D)天线阵列在水平方向和垂直方向二者上均控制一个或多个发射RF波束),***的吞吐量可以增加并且性能得到改进。因此,3D波束赋形向***提供了用户专用的垂直倾斜,用于增大所接收的信号功率并且减少对其它用户的干扰。
例如,图2是根据特定实施例的应用3D波束赋形的移动通信***200的框图。在图2中,在小区214内的eNodeB 212控制第一RF波束210朝向第一UE 216,并且第二RF波束213朝向第二UE 218。技术人员将根据本公开意识到eNodeB 212可以被配置成一次发射单个RF波束,或者一次发射两个以上RF波束210、213。例如,eNodeB 212可以被配置成同时向小区214中的多个UE 216、UE 218、UE 220、UE 222中的每一个发射RF波束。图2示出了取决于UE 216和UE 218相对于eNodeB 212的位置而使用不同的垂直倾斜的示例。
然而,具有3D波束赋形的通信***中的一个挑战是大量的CSI数据需要从UE 216、UE 218反馈回eNodeB 212。这是由于具有相对较大数量的天线的2D天线阵列(未示出)的使用,这需要在eNodeB 212处能够在水平和垂直方向二者上进行波束赋形。在特定实施例中,例如,eNodeB 212针对天线阵列中的每一根天线发射导频信号或参考信号。预先得知参考信号的特性和参数的UE 216、UE 218,使用参考信号来估计来自eNodeB 212的相应的信道。因此,与仅使用1D天线阵列的传统***相比,增加天线的数量增加了CSI数据和反馈开销的数量。本申请的发明人已经意识到在这样的***内需要新的码本用于向量量化。
因此,本文公开了用于对预编码矩阵指示符(PMI)进行量化并且将其从UE反馈到eNodeB的方法。在特定实施例中,所述方法利用LTE码本用于最优水平方向的向量量化以及标量量化器来用于对朝向选定UE的最优垂直方向进行量化。
图3示意性地示出了根据一个实施例的相对于x轴、y轴和z轴进行布置的2D天线阵列300。出于举例说明的目的,以相对于Z轴的垂直角度θ示出了与RF波束方向相对应的向量306。在x-y平面内示出了向量306的投影308,以示出向量306相对于x轴指向水平角度
2D天线阵列300包括NH个水平的和NV个垂直的天线元件310,所述天线元件相应地在水平方向(例如,x方向)以距离dH隔开并且在垂直方向(例如,z方向)以距离dV隔开。在这个示例中,NH=5个天线元件310,并且NV=5个天线元件310。然而,技术人员将意识到,任何数量的天线元件可以在两个方向中的任何方向中使用以形成2D阵列,并且NH和NV未必需要相等。在特定实施例中,一行中的天线元件310可以既共极化又交叉极化。
在这些假设下,由2D天线阵列300发射的全部RF波束可以通过向垂直天线nV=1,2,...,NV引入相应的相位移,来有选择地指向垂直角度θ0(在图5中示出)。例如,图4是图3中示出的2D天线阵列300的框图,所述框图示出了根据一个实施例的应用于天线元件310(Ant)的相应的相位移410。
在第一列中,应用于到每一行的天线元件310的RF信号输入的相位项为:
行1:w1,
行2:
行NV:
其中,w1是与列1相对应的传输信道的系数,并且λ是RF信号的波长。
天线元件310的列中的每一个都应用线性发射天线加权的相应的系数(例如,列1使用w1,列2使用w2,...,列NH使用)。因此,在列NH中,应用于到每一行的天线元件310的RF信号输入的相位项为:
行1:
行2:
行NV:
如图5所示,图4的相位移引起水平地基于线性发射天线加权系数并且垂直地基于参数θ0来控制RF波束510。
图6是根据一个实施例的利用3D波束赋形的无线MIMO***600的简化框图。***600包括eNodeB 610和UE 611。eNodeB 610包括用于预编码器/发射器612、PMI重构器614、向量反量化器616以及标量反量化器618的电路。UE 611包括用于接收器/信道估计器620、PMI模块622、向量量化器624以及标量量化器624的电路。
eNodeB 610的预编码器/发射器612被配置为将参考信号628传输到UE 611。如上所述,预编码器/发射器612可以针对eNodeB 610的2D天线阵列(未示出)中的每一根天线或针对2D天线阵列中的天线的子集传输参考信号。UE 611的接收器/信道估计器620接收参考信号628并且基于所接收的参考信号628来估计由信道矩阵H表示的NHNV×Nr个信道。NH是eNodeB的2D天线阵列中发射水平天线的数量,NV是eNodeB的2D天线阵列中发射垂直方向天线的数量,并且Nr是UE 611处接收天线的数量。
接收器/信道估计器620将所估计的信道矩阵H提供给PMI模块622。PMI模块622处理所估计的信道矩阵H,用于计算一个或多个PMI向量,并且估计和dvcosθ0的值。PMI模块622可以使用多种不同的方法来计算PMI向量。在一个实施例中,例如,PMI模块622在信道矩阵H上执行奇异值分解(SVD),并且找到r个主特征向量,其中,“r”是传输秩。在某些这样的实施例中,第r个特征向量为如下形式:
其中,“T”表示矩阵转置。
使用1D天线阵列传输下行链路信号的具有基站的常规***可以使用如下形式的PMI向量:
然而,本文公开的特定实施例使用占用了eNodeB 610的2D天线阵列的PMI向量,并且为如下形式:
为了找到θ0的最优值,PMI模块622解决了非线性最小二乘(LS)问题:
所述LS问题可以使用任何LS问题解决方案来解决。在一个实施例中,例如,以如下方式来解决LS问题:
PMI模块622然后将线性发射天线加权的估计系数(如箭头630所指示)提供给向量量化器626,并且将估计的垂直相位移参数dvcosθ0(如箭头632所指示)提供给标量量化器626。
向量量化器624使用NH-Tx天线LTE码本或UE 611和eNodeB 610二者均已知的任何其它码本(例如,WiMax码本)来量化向量
并且向eNodeB 610发送与码本内最优的码字相对应的索引634。
标量量化器626使用UE 611和eNodeB 610二者均已知的标量量化值来量化
并向eNodeB 610发送与最优水平相对应的索引636。
在eNode 610处,向量反量化器616使用索引634,用于在码本中选择最优码字,用于获得
向量反量化器616将其提供(如箭头638所指示)给PMI重构器614。
同样在eNodeB 610处,标量反量化器618使用与最优水平相对应的索引,用于获得
dvcosθ0
标量反量化器618将其提供(如箭头640所指示)给PMI重构器614。
基于来自向量反量化器616和标量反量化器618的信息,eNodeB 610的PMI重构器614以如下形式对PMI向量进行重构:
PMI重构器614向预编码器/发射器612提供(如箭头642所指示)重构的PMI向量,用于到UE 611的下行链路数据传输。例如,在单用户MIMO中,eNodeB 610可以将重构的PMI向量用于对要传送给UE 611的下一个下行链路数据进行预编码。然而,在多用户MIMO中,PMI重构器614根据从相应的UE接收的数据来重构多个PMI向量。然后,取决于波束赋形方案,eNodeB 610计算新的预编码矩阵,以抵消或减少多用户之间的干扰。
图7是根据一个实施例的用于在使用3D波束控制的MIMO网络中的信道信息反馈的方法700的流程图。方法700包括从eNodeB接收710信道信息以及计算712用于信道信息的水平波束控制部分的第一码本索引。根据特定实施例,计算第一码本索引包括在信道信息的水平波束控制部分上执行向量量化。方法700进一步包括计算714用于信道信息的垂直波束控制部分的第二码本索引。根据特定实施例,计算第二码本索引包括执行与垂直控制角度相关联的参数的标量量化。方法700还包括作为反馈提供716第一码本索引和第二码本索引。
图8是根据一个实施例的用于在使用2D天线阵列的发射站中进行3D波束赋形的方法800的流程图。方法800包括从UE接收810第一反馈指示符,并且反量化812第一反馈指示符,以确定线性发射天线加权系数,从而将其应用于2D天线阵列中的天线的相应列。方法800进一步包括反量化814第二反馈指示符,以确定垂直相位移参数,从而将其应用于2D天线阵列中的天线的相应行。
图9提供了移动设备(例如UE、移动站(MS)、移动无线设备、移动通信设备、平板电脑、手持装置或者可以用于本文公开的特定实施例的其它类型的移动无线设备)的示例示出。移动设备可以包括被配置为与发射站(例如,基站(BS)、演进型节点B(eNB)、基带处理单元(BBU)、远程无线电头端(RRH)、远程无线电设备(RRE)、中继站(RS)、无线电设备(RE)或其它类型的无线广域网(WWAN)接入点)进行通信的一个或多个天线。移动设备可以被配置为使用至少一种无线通信标准(包括3GPP LTE、WiMAX、高速分组接入(HSPA)、蓝牙和WiFi)来进行通信。移动设备可以使用用于每一个无线通信标准的独立天线或用于多个无线通信标准的共享天线来进行通信。移动设备可以在无线局域网(WLAN)、无线个域网(WPAN),和/或WWAN中进行通信。
图9还提供了可以用于来自移动设备的音频输入和输出的麦克风以及一个或多个扬声器的示出。显示屏可以是液晶显示(LCD)屏,或者其它类型的显示屏,诸如,有机电致发光二极管(OLED)显示器。显示屏可以被配置成触摸屏。触摸屏可以使用电容式、电阻式或者其它类型的触摸屏技术。应用处理器和图形处理器可以耦合到内部存储器,用于提供处理和显示功能。非易失性存储器端口还可以用于向用户提供数据输入/输出选项。非易失性存储器端口还可以用于扩展移动设备的存储功能。键盘可以与移动设备集成或者无线地连接到无线设备,用于提供附加的用户输入。还可以使用触摸屏来提供虚拟键盘。
可以与本文公开的实施例一起使用的一些基础结构已经是可用的,例如,通用计算机、移动电话、计算机编程工具与技术、数字存储介质和通信网络。计算设备可以包括诸如微处理器、微控制器、逻辑电路等之类的处理器。计算设备可以包括计算机可读存储设备,例如,非易失性存储器、静态随机存取存储器(RAM)、动态RAM、只读存储器(ROM)、盘、、带、磁存储器、光存储器、闪存存储器或者其它计算机可读存储介质。
特定实施例的各个方面可以使用硬件、软件、固件或者其组合来实施。部件或模块可以指代、属于或包括专用集成电路(ASIC)、电子电路、处理器(共享、专用或分组)和/或执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的存储器(共享、专用或分组)、组合逻辑电路、和/或提供所述功能的其它合适的部件。如本文所用的,软件模块或部件可以包括位于非暂时性计算机可读存储介质内部或者在其上的任何类型的计算机指令或计算机可执行代码。例如,软件模块或部件可以包括计算机指令的一个或多个物理块或逻辑块,其可以被组织成例程、程序、对象、组件、数据结构等,可以执行一个或多个任务或实施特定的抽象数据类型。
在特定实施例中,特定的软件模块或部件可以包括存储在计算机可读存储介质的不同位置中全异的指令,所述全异的指令共同实施模块或部件的所述功能。实际上,模块或部件可以包括单个指令或多个指令,并且可以分布到多个不同的代码段上、不同的程序之中以及多个计算机可读存储介质之上。一些实施例可以在分布式计算环境中实践,其中,任务由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备执行。
尽管出于清楚的目的详细地描述了上述内容,但是显而易见的是,可以在不偏离其原理的情况下来做出某些变化和修改。应当注意,存在实施本文描述的过程和装置二者的很多替代的方式。因此,当前实施例可以被认为是举例说明性的而非限制性的,而且本发明不限于本文给出的细节,而可以在所附的权利要求的等效物和范围内进行修改。
本领域的技术人员应该意识到可以在不偏离本发明的基本原理的情况下对上述实施例的细节做出许多改变。因此,本发明的范围应仅由如下的权利要求来确定。
Claims (27)
1.一种用于在多输入多输出(MIMO)网络中进行通信的用户设备(UE),所述UE包括:
信道估计器,用于基于从演进型节点B(eNodeB)接收的下行链路参考信号来估计信道信息;
向量量化器,用于使用码本来对所述信道信息的水平波束控制部分进行量化;
标量量化器,用于基于由所述eNodeB发射的射频(RF)波束的垂直角度来对所述信道信息的垂直波束控制部分进行量化。
2.如权利要求1所述的UE,进一步包括:
预编码矩阵指示符(PMI)模块,用于基于所估计的信道信息来计算PMI向量,所述PMI向量包括用于在所述eNodeB处在水平方向上控制所述RF波束的线性发射天线加权系数,并且其中,基于在所述eNodeB处将所述RF波束控制为所述垂直角度,所述PMI向量的系数中的一个或多个乘以垂直相位移参数。
3.如权利要求2所述的UE,其中,所述PMI向量是基于三维(3D)RF波束控制的反馈码本的。
4.如权利要求2-3中的任何一项所述的UE,其中,所述信道估计器被配置为基于所接收的参考信号来估计信道矩阵,并且其中,所述PMI模块被配置为通过在所估计的信道矩阵上执行奇异值分解(SVD)并且找到数量为r的主特征向量来计算所述PMI向量,其中,所述数量r是传输秩。
5.如权利要求2所述的UE,其中,所述PMI模块被配置为估计所述系数和所述垂直相位移参数的最优集合。
6.如权利要求5所述的UE,其中,所述PMI模块被配置为执行最小二乘计算,以获取估计。
7.如权利要求2所述的UE,其中,所述垂直相位移参数为如下形式:
其中,λ是所述下行链路参考信号的波长,dv是在所述eNodeB处的二维(2D)天线阵列中的天线之间的垂直距离,并且θ0是所述垂直角度。
8.如权利要求7所述的UE,其中,所述标量量化器被配置为使用所述UE和所述eNodeB二者都已知的标量量化器来量化项:
dvcosθ0。
9.如权利要求2所述的UE,其中,由所述向量量化器使用的所述码本包括第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)长期演进(LTE)或LTE增强(LTE-A)网络的NH发射天线码本,其中,NH是在所述eNodeB处水平地布置在二维(2D)天线阵列中的天线的数量。
10.如权利要求1所述的UE,其中,所述UE被配置为连接到无线局域网(WLAN)、无线个域网(WPAN)、以及无线广域网(WWAN)中的至少一个,并且所述UE包括天线、触敏显示屏、扬声器、麦克风、图形处理器、应用处理器、内置存储器、非易失性存储器端口或者其组合。
11.一种用于在具有三维波束控制的多输入多输出(MIMO)网络中进行信道信息反馈的方法,所述方法包括:
从演进型节点B(eNodeB)接收信道信息;
计算第一码本索引,以用于所述信道信息的水平波束控制部分,其中,计算第一码本索引包括在所述水平波束控制部分上执行向量量化;
计算第二码本索引,以用于所述信道信息的垂直波束控制部分,其中,计算所述第二码本索引包括对与垂直控制角度相关联的参数的标量量化;以及
作为反馈,将所述第一码本索引和所述第二码本索引提供给所述eNodeB。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,计算所述第一码本索引包括向量量化。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述向量量化使用第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)长期演进(LTE)或LTE增强(LTE-A)网络的NH发射天线码本,其中,NH是使用LTE码本所述eNodeB处水平地布置在二维(2D)天线阵列中的天线数量。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中,与所述垂直控制角度相关联的参数为如下形式:
其中,λ是下行链路参考信号的波长,dv是在所述eNodeB处的二维(2D)天线阵列中的天线之间的垂直距离,并且θ0是所述垂直控制角度。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述标量对项
dvcosθ0
进行量化。
16.一种演进型节点B(eNodeB),包括:
二维(2D)天线阵列,用于朝向第一用户设备(UE)的射频(RF)波束的三维(3D)控制;
标量反量化器,用于对从所述第一UE接收的第一反馈指示符进行反量化,以确定垂直相位移参数,从而将其应用于所述2D天线阵列中的天线的相应的行,用于在垂直方向上控制所述RF波束;
向量反量化器,用于对从所述第一UE接收的第二反馈指示符进行反量化,以确定线性发射天线加权系数,从而将其应用于所述2D天线阵列中的天线的相应的列,用于在水平方向上控制所述RF波束。
17.如权利要求16所述的eNodeB,其中,所述向量反量化器使用所述eNodeB和所述第一UE均已知的码本,来对所述系数进行反量化。
18.如权利要求16所述的eNodeB,进一步包括:
预编码矩阵指示符(PMI)重构器,用于计算包括所述系数的PMI向量,所述系数与所述垂直相位移参数相乘。
19.如权利要求18所述的eNodeB,进一步包括:
预编码器,用于在单用户多输入多输出(MIMO)模式中,使用所计算的PMI向量来对下行链路数据进行预编码;以及
发射器,用于将所预编码的下行链路数据传输至所述第一UE。
20.如权利要求18所述的eNodeB,进一步包括:
预编码器,在多用户多输入多输出(MIMO)模式中,用于:
分别将所计算的PMI向量同与一个或多个第二UE相对应的一个或多个重构的PMI向量进行结合;
基于波束赋形方案使用所述结合来计算预编码矩阵,以减少所述第一UE和所述一个或多个第二UE之间的干扰;并且
使用所计算的预编码矩阵来对下行链路数据进行预编码;以及
发射器,用于将所预编码的下行链路数据传输至所述第一UE。
21.一种机器可读介质,包括指令,当执行所述指令时,用于使机器执行权利要求11-15中的任何一项的方法。
22.一种用于在具有三维波束控制的多输入多输出(MIMO)网络中进行信道信息反馈的装置,所述装置包括:
用于从演进型节点B(eNodeB)接收信道信息的单元;
用于计算第一码本索引,以用于所述信道信息的水平波束控制部分的单元,其中,计算所述第一码本索引包括在水平波束控制部分上执行向量量化;
用于计算第二码本索引,以用于所述信道信息的垂直波束控制部分的单元,其中,计算所述第二码本索引包括对与垂直控制角度相关联的参数的标量量化;以及
用于作为反馈,将所述第一码本索引和所述第二码本索引提供给所述eNodeB的单元。
23.如权利要求22所述的装置,其中,计算所述第一码本索引包括向量量化。
24.如权利要求23所述的装置,其中,所述向量量化使用第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)长期演进(LTE)或LTE增强(LTE-A)网络的NH发射天线码本,其中,NH是使用LTE码本所述eNodeB处水平地布置在二维(2D)天线阵列中的天线数量。
25.如权利要求22所述的装置,其中,与所述垂直控制角度相关联的参数为如下形式:
其中,λ是下行链路参考信号的波长,dv是在所述eNodeB处的二维(2D)天线阵列中的天线之间的垂直距离,并且θ0是所述垂直控制角度。
26.如权利要求25所述的装置,其中,所述标量对项
dvcosθ0
进行量化。
27.一种用于在具有三维波束控制的多输入多输出(MIMO)网络中进行信道信息反馈的装置,包括:
用于存储指令的存储器;以及
耦合到所述存储器的处理器,所述指令由所述处理器执行,以用于执行如权利要求11-15中的任意一项所述的方法。
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