CN1043770A - 汽轮机叶轮改型的方法 - Google Patents

汽轮机叶轮改型的方法 Download PDF

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CN1043770A
CN1043770A CN89109120A CN89109120A CN1043770A CN 1043770 A CN1043770 A CN 1043770A CN 89109120 A CN89109120 A CN 89109120A CN 89109120 A CN89109120 A CN 89109120A CN 1043770 A CN1043770 A CN 1043770A
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impeller
original
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blade
welding
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丹尼斯·R·阿莫斯
罗伯特·E·克拉克
罗伯特·W·海宁
斯蒂芬·R·里德
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CBS Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
    • B23P6/002—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors
    • B23P6/007—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors using only additive methods, e.g. build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B23K9/044—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces
    • B23K9/046—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces on surfaces of revolution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/006—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/005—Repairing methods or devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/49318—Repairing or disassembling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/4932—Turbomachine making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718—Repairing
    • Y10T29/49732—Repairing by attaching repair preform, e.g., remaking, restoring, or patching
    • Y10T29/49734—Repairing by attaching repair preform, e.g., remaking, restoring, or patching and removing damaged material
    • Y10T29/49737—Metallurgically attaching preform
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49982—Coating
    • Y10T29/49986—Subsequent to metal working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

在一种用于改型原始叶片支撑叶轮(8)的方法中，凸出在改型叶轮(8)的轮廓线外的原始叶轮(8)的(14、16)部分被机加工掉，经机加工的原始叶轮(8)用焊接金属堆焊，使(14、20)的所有部位超过改型后的叶轮(8)的轮廓线，机加工步骤完后，原始叶轮(8)的轮廓线处被改型后的叶轮(8)的轮廓线包围，而多余的焊接金属部位被机加工掉，以获得改型后的叶轮(8)轮廓线。

Description

本发明涉及到具有整体的叶片支撑叶轮的汽轮机转子，尤其涉及到用于对这种叶轮进行改型以适应在更换汽轮机叶片时要求叶轮具有的叶片支撑面积比原有叶片所要求的支撑面积大的方法。
业已运行着的一些汽轮机，其叶片支撑叶轮与汽轮机转子构成一整体。在一些这种型式的汽轮机中，已经碰到了一些将一些叶片固定到与它们相关联的叶轮上的问题。这些问题的一个解决方法是用一个较原有叶片宽且强度高的新叶片替换现有叶片，並且该新叶片需要具有较宽叶片支撑区域的叶轮。
可以通过在紧贴叶轮的里端部切除现有的叶轮，然后焊上一个新的叶轮来做必要的改型。因为为了叶轮围着转子放置必须将叶轮加工成两半，然后在一个相当难以接近的位置处将它焊到转子上，所以这种工艺过程是极复杂的。
第二种可能性涉及到将受损的转子端切割掉，然后焊接一个新锻件代替去掉的部分。这种工艺是不利的;因为这样的一个新锻件是非常昂贵的，假定新锻件可能包含其它多列叶轮，它必须进行机加工和重新装叶片;获得新锻件会有一定的延期，且为了在焊接期间相应于转子剩余部分将锻件定位，必须备有昂贵的辅助设备。
因此，本发明的主要目的，是以一种相对简易而化费少的方法，对与转子构成整体的叶片支撑叶轮的结构进行改形，以使它可以接收适当设计的叶片。
从此目的出发，本发明属于对一种与汽轮机转子成一体，且具有原始轮廓线的原有叶片支撑叶轮改形的方法，为了形成一个其轮廓线不同于原始轮廓线的改形叶轮，且使改形叶轮提供一个加大尺寸的叶片支撑部位，原始叶轮至少有一个凸出在改形的叶轮轮廓线以外的部分，其特征在于原始叶轮的每个凸出在改型叶轮的轮廓线之外的部分被机加工掉;用焊接金属堆焊原始叶轮，使所有位置处均超过改型叶轮的轮廓线，上述机加工步骤以后，该原始叶轮的轮廓线由上述改型的叶轮轮廓线所包围;然后将焊接金属的多余部分机加工掉，以提供改型叶轮的轮廓线。
本发明从以下附图中示出的仅作为举例的较佳实施例的叙述将更为明了，其中：
图1是一个断面图，详细示出具有整体的叶片支撑叶轮的汽轮机转子的一部分;
图2是一个断面图，详细图示在图1中所示的结构的一部分，表示了图1中的叶轮改形的方法;和
图3是一个与图2相似的断面图，图示出按照本发明的方法实践时的中间阶段。
图1示出一段具有中心轴线4的汽轮机转子2，转子安装围绕着轴线转动，转子还具有一个与轴线4同心的轴向孔6。在转子2的周边上设有一个具有密封支撑凸缘10和叶片支撑座11的整体的叶片支撑叶轮8。叶轮8的结构与选定汽轮机叶片的叶根相连，且它是沿着转子2轴向分布着的一系列叶轮中的一个。
如果表明有必要用一个更为坚固的平行于轴线4具有较大尺寸的叶片替换原有的汽轮机叶片，並且该叶片要求在平行于轴线4的方向叶轮较大，那末更加需要提供这样的改型叶轮，而无需更换整个转子或一大段转子的可能性。
根据本发明，所要求的改形可以简便地通过机加工掉叶轮8的相对小的区段，用适当的焊接工艺堆焊上附加的部分，以提供改型叶轮所需要的材料，然后对堆焊的区段进行机加工，以获得改型叶轮的最终的轮廓。
这个过程可以简单用这样的方法实现：偏移垂直于轴线4的叶轮中心平面，以提供相毗连叶片的入口侧或出口侧处的附加距离。这是有利的，因为它增大了例如在新的、更大叶片和叶片入汽侧或它的出汽侧之间的转子距离。
图2示出了根据本发明将叶轮改形的方法。原始叶轮由部分12、14和16构成，它们形成了转子体的整体部分。为了得到具有一个更大叶片支撑区域和具有偏向汽轮机的入口端即偏向图2的左侧中心线的改型叶轮，机加工掉14和16部分，然后用堆焊金属的方法附加上18和20部分，随后进行机加工以获得图2中12、18和20部分所示的所要求的最终构形。
机加工掉14和16部分后，用焊接工艺堆焊部分12，使初始叶轮80形成如图3实线轮廓线所示的形状。然后机加工操作，将多余金属切削掉，加工出图3中虚线所示的最终的改形形状的叶轮8轮廓线。
堆焊金属可以用多种方法实施，首先，除了致使叶***露在高工作应力和恶劣环境的外表面，对于大体积部分最好用埋弧焊或气体金属电弧焊工艺，这两种操作工艺其特征是喷镀（deposition）率相对较高。此外，对于构成改形叶轮的外露表面区域，最好采用惰性气体保护钨极弧焊工艺堆焊，不过这种操作工艺相对较慢，但达到的焊接具有特别好的机械性能。
在进行埋弧焊或气体金属电弧焊工艺时，必须使转子轴线垂直定位。
换句话说，全部堆焊可以采用惰性气体保护钨极弧焊工艺实施。当采用这种操作工艺时，不仅整个焊件具有特别好的机械性能，而且不需要移动转子，使它的轴线垂直定位。
它该注意到图2中的一个考虑问题，根据本发明的工艺涉及到用焊接金属取代两个叶片固定凸缘，並且叶轮的两个侧面、两个凸缘的下方为小锥度，因此加固了叶轮的这个部分。
根据本发明的一个实施例，原始的支撑一个叶片的叶根宽度约为10厘米的叶轮8，可以改型，以支撑一个具有约为14厘米叶根宽度的叶片。

Claims (4)

1、一种用于对与汽轮机转子(2)构成一个整体的原有叶片支撑叶轮(8)改形的方法，原始叶轮(8)具有一个原始轮廓线，为了使改型的叶轮(8)具有的轮廓线不同于原始轮廓线，并且提供尺寸增大了的叶片支撑区域(11)，原始叶轮至少有一个凸出在改形叶轮(8)的轮廓线外的部分，改型叶轮的特征为：原始叶轮(8)的每个凸出在改形叶轮轮廓线以外的部分(14、16)被机加工掉；用焊接金属堆焊原始叶轮(8)，在原始叶轮(8)的轮廓线的所有位置(14、20)处超过改形叶轮(8)的轮廓线，在上述机加工步骤后，原始叶轮(8)被上述的改形叶轮(8)的轮廓线包围，並将焊接金属的多余部分机加工掉，以提供改形叶轮(8)的轮廓线。
2、根据权利要求1的一种方法，其中改形叶轮（8）具有一个叶片支撑基座（11），其特征为原始叶轮被堆焊，以使将全部底座（11）的横断面包围，由此构成一个新的基座。
3、根据权利要求1或2的一种方法，其特征为上述堆焊材料的步骤是用惰性气体保护钨极弧焊工艺来实现的。
4、根据权利要求1、2或3的一种方法，其特征是上述至少在一个位置上用埋弧焊或气体金属弧焊工艺提供焊接金属的大体积堆焊步骤，至少供给大体积基本部份的焊接金属，而用惰性气体保护钨极弧焊工艺为改形叶轮（8）的轮廓线位置供给金属。
CN89109120A 1988-12-08 1989-12-08 汽轮机叶轮改型的方法 Pending CN1043770A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US281,136 1988-12-08
US07/281,136 US4893388A (en) 1988-12-08 1988-12-08 Method of modifying turbine rotor discs

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CN1043770A true CN1043770A (zh) 1990-07-11

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US (1) US4893388A (zh)
EP (1) EP0372275A3 (zh)
JP (1) JP2876561B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR0157043B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1043770A (zh)
CA (1) CA2004851A1 (zh)

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JP2876561B2 (ja) 1999-03-31
KR900010190A (ko) 1990-07-06
JPH02196102A (ja) 1990-08-02
US4893388A (en) 1990-01-16
EP0372275A2 (en) 1990-06-13
EP0372275A3 (en) 1990-09-26
KR0157043B1 (ko) 1998-11-16
CA2004851A1 (en) 1990-06-08

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