CN104365460B - A kind of organic tobacco seedling medium and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of organic tobacco seedling medium and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of organic tobacco seedling medium and its preparation method and application, belongs to technical field of agricultural seedling-raising.Vinasse, aloe slag, the peat composed of rotten mosses, rock phosphate, pelelith, vermiculite are that 1-2: 1-2: 2: 1:2:2-4 Homogeneous phase mixing forms according to volume ratio by this composite interstitial substance.Organic tobacco seedling medium provided by the invention, its primary raw material is made up of vinasse, aloe slag and rock phosphate, pelelith etc., not only can meet organic requirement of organic tobacco nursery, and institute educates cigarette seedling after seedling vigorous index, improving activity of root system, chlorophyll content in leaf blades, field planting, is all better than conventional seedbed system matrix in transplanting seedling time, output and disease resistance; The consumption of the key component peat composed of rotten mosses in current seedling medium can be greatly reduced.This not only can solve the problem of environmental pollution of the organic wastes such as vinasse, realizes recycling of resource, and can solve the Cost Problems of seedling medium, has certain social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural production seedling medium technical field, be specifically related to a kind of with Yunnan Province organic waste organic tobacco seedling medium that is raw material and its preparation method and application, and meet organic tobacco plantation requirement, be applicable to floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco.
Background technology
Yunnan is the large province of cured tobacco production, no matter is that cultivated area and yield of tobacco all rank first in the country, and unique photo-thermal and water and soil condition have achieved the growth of high-quality tobacco, is also the mainstay industry of local agricultural.Therefore, tobacco planting level how is promoted significant for stablizing of the sound development of Yunnan Flue-cured Tobacco industry and regional economy.
In the 1990s later stage, China Tobacco Corporation as one of guardian technique measure improving yield of tobacco and quality, promotes floating seedlings technology at national emphasis.China's floating seedlings area 16.24 ten thousand hectares in 2000, accounts for 16.63% of the nursery gross area, and floating seedlings area 111.82 ten thousand hectares in 2009, accounts for 97.02% of the gross area.Yunnan Province starts to promote for 1998, floating seedlings area 2000hm
2, within 2003, the whole province's floating seedlings area is more than 50%, within 2009, reaches 98.2%.Substantially increase the nursery batch production of tobacco seedling, specialization and commercialization level.
The key of floating seedlings is matrix.Matrix energy simulated soil environment, fixing tobacco root system, nutrient and moisture needed for supply cigarette seedling normal growth, impel seed germination and cigarette seedling normal growth.The levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance of current domestic Tobacco is based on the peat composed of rotten mosses of good performance, vermiculite and fine perlite.Although the peat composed of rotten mosses is a kind of excellent matrix modifier, deriving from wetland, is non-renewable resources, and a large amount of use will restrict by environmental protection and wet land protection treaty.
Seeking the alternative matrix that can reduce seedling cost and reusable edible to have become and affect one of tobacco floating seed rearing and industry value chain key issue, is also a focus of current tobacco technology research and development.Studies in China person has actively developed the research and development that tobacco floating seed rearing substitutes matrix, as edible fungus stick powder (Chinese patent CN102246686), peanut chaff of becoming thoroughly decomposed (Chinese patent CN102754590), rice chaff of becoming thoroughly decomposed (Chinese patent CN103229706), become thoroughly decomposed bagasse (Chinese patent CN101053311, CN102283087), sawdust (Chinese patent CN102657010), become thoroughly decomposed rice straw and tabacco straw (Chinese patent CN10828506), charing corn straw (Chinese patent CN102726278), charing tobacco rod (Chinese patent CN102771362), charing corncob (Chinese patent CN10203734) and Purple Shale (Chinese patent CN101849498), the grains of sand (Chinese patent CN102246686), cinder powder (Chinese patent CN101053311), coal ash (Chinese patent CN101601367), weathered granite (Chinese patent CN102283087) etc.The research and development of these materials, enrich the source of base starting material, but differed greatly due to physicochemical properties such as various material granule size, unit weight, electrical conductivity, caused in use still there is matrix mass discrepancy larger, result of use is unstable, cultivates the defects such as cigarette seedling quality is uneven.Therefore, the exploitation of tobacco substitute matrix, according to the feature of different geographical, varying environment and different cultivars, should suit measures to local conditions, and meet that cost is low, effective, convenient management, environmental protection requirement.The industrialization and the scale that how to reach seedling medium production require it is also another one key issue simultaneously.In addition, the Organic Ingredients in matrix, as cow dung, rice straw, owing to fermenting not exclusively, the weed seed carried, needs artificial weeding after nursery, is also the difficult problem needing to overcome.
Area, Yunnan Yuxi is annual produces a large amount of organic wastes, as vinasse, crops straw, aloe slag, pomace etc.For aloe slag, Salvador in Yuanjiang County of Yunnan Province is the large county of national aloe plant, and 2011 Annual planting areas reach 540 hectares, accounts for 16.2% (Hu Baisheng, Crop Diseases in Yunnan, 2013 (1): 45-47) in the whole nation.Containing abundant organic matter and nutritive element in these discarded objects, through scientific disposal, the high-quality Organic Ingredients needed for tobacco leaf production can be become.Meanwhile, Tengchong one band has abundant pelelith material, and locality is exploited in a large number for the manufacture of sheet material and handicraft, can produce a large amount of volcano lime/slags in process.
Therefore, if with these materials for primary raw material, innoxious rear reasonable compatibility produces tobacco seedling medium, not only can meet the levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance needed for organic tobacco production, and the pollution of above-mentioned discarded object to environment can be solved, turn waste into wealth, create considerable economic and social benefit.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem solved: the invention provides a kind of organic tobacco seedling medium and its preparation method and application, this composite interstitial substance mainly with the discarded object vinasse of local industrial and agricultural production, aloe slag and pelelith for primary raw material, substituting take the peat composed of rotten mosses as the conventional substrate of key component, both can realize the recycling of discarded object, seedling cost problem can have been solved again.Meanwhile, due to these waste material Relatively centralized, be easy to collect, quality easily controls, and does not carry weed seed, can meet the requirement of organic specification and levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance production plantization and scale.
Technical scheme: a kind of organic tobacco seedling medium, this matrix comprises vinasse, the peat composed of rotten mosses, rock phosphate, pelelith and vermiculite, and volume ratio is (1-2): 2:1:2:(2-4).
Described organic tobacco seedling medium, also containing aloe slag 1-2 parts by volume.
Described organic tobacco seedling medium, is characterized in that vinasse, aloe slag, the peat composed of rotten mosses, rock phosphate, pelelith, vermiculite are that 2:1:2:1:2:2 mixes according to volume ratio.
Described aloe slag is the blade or leaf tissue that abandon after mesophyll is rejected in Chinese aloe leaf processing.
Described vinasse are take grain as the solid residue abandoned after the winery wine brewing of raw material.
Described pelelith is the powder that abandons after pelelith machining sheet or handicraft or the powder by the direct fragmentation of pelelith.
Described pelelith particle diameter is 2mm-5mm, unit weight≤700kg/m
3.
Described rock phosphate particle diameter is 2mm-5mm; Vermiculite particle diameter is 1mm-2mm.
The preparation method of organic tobacco seedling medium, is characterized in that step is:
(1) to become thoroughly decomposed the preparation of aloe slag: aloe ground-slag is broken to 1cm-3cm length, regulate water content to 65wt.%, fermenting agent is added by 10% of aloe slag gross weight, and add rock phosphate by 10% of aloe slag gross weight simultaneously, add laggard windrow and amass fermentation maturity, the temperature of fermentation heap more than 10 days, carries out turning when fermentation heap central temperature is more than 60 DEG C higher than 50 DEG C of number of days, makes inside and outside fermentation evenly; When fermentation heap temperature is down to environmental temperature, germination test germination index GI >=60%, the material air dry doubling that becomes thoroughly decomposed pulverized 1cm sieve aperture;
(2) to become thoroughly decomposed the preparation of vinasse: add rock phosphate by 10% of vinasse gross weight, water content is regulated by the mixture of vinasse and rock phosphate to be that 60-70wt.% carries out heap fermentation and becomes thoroughly decomposed, the temperature of fermentation heap is 40-45 DEG C, carry out turning when fermentation heap central temperature is more than 60 DEG C, make inside and outside fermentation evenly; When fermentation heap temperature is down to environmental temperature, germination test germination index GI >=60%, the material air dry doubling that becomes thoroughly decomposed pulverized 1cm sieve aperture;
(3) be that 2:1:2:1:2:2 mixes by the vinasse after fermentation maturity, aloe slag and the peat composed of rotten mosses, rock phosphate, pelelith, vermiculite according to volume ratio.
The application of described seedling medium in tobacco seedling.
Beneficial effect: its main raw material of organic tobacco seedling medium provided by the invention adopts local abundant vinasse, aloe slag and pelelith resource, with the peat composed of rotten mosses replacing current seedling medium generally to use, so not only can solve the problem of environmental pollution of the organic wastes such as vinasse, and greatly can save seedling cost; Meanwhile, these Organic Ingredients become thoroughly decomposed through fermentable, or for organic grow license inorganic mineral material, meet organic grow requirement.Another advantage of seedling medium provided by the invention is, compared with taking the peat composed of rotten mosses as the seedling medium of key component, with the composite interstitial substance that the vinasse become thoroughly decomposed, aloe slag and pelelith, rock phosphate are primary raw material, the content of its rapid available phosphorus, available potassium improves greatly, can save phosphorus between nursery stage, potash fertilizer supplement; And its phosphorus potassium can also discharge successively behind the field of transplanting, thus effectively promote the root system development after transplanting and Nutrient Absorption.Meanwhile, in pelelith, be rich in silico-calcium, disease resistance and the resistance of cigarette seedling can be improved.Seedling medium provided by the invention contains the rock phosphate of higher proportion, part rock phosphate is by fermenting altogether with the accumulation of vinasse, aloe slag etc., the organic acid dissolution that the molten phosphorus of the microorganism of insoluble phosphorus in composting process contained by it, organic matter transformation generate progressively is released to rapid available phosphorus and biological phosphorus, seedling raising process and after being transplanted to field for cigarette seedling provides effective phosphorus nourishing.In addition, there are some researches show that phosphorus can regulate the metabolic process in flue-cured tobacco body, it is made still to keep higher accretion rate at low temperatures, increase the content of soluble sugar, phosphatide in body, therefore also can improve flue-cured tobacco cold resistance (practise Xiang Yin etc., phosphorus on the impact of floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco growth and physiological property, Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2008, (1): 33-36).And temperature is also lower during the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating in spring of area, Yunnan Yuxi, high phosphorus seedling medium provided by the invention contributes to promoting organic tobacco seedling cold tolerance, spends cold spell in spring, growth promoting effects.Seedling medium provided by the invention, with the peat composed of rotten mosses as key component seedling medium compared with, its unit weight, total porosity, pH value and EC value are all with in the scope of general tobacco suitable growth, through cave, dish floating seedlings Comparision Test shows, the seedling vigorous index, chlorophyll content, improving activity of root system etc. of cigarette seedling are all better than contrasting matrix, after transplant planting, short, the output of seedling-slowing stage and plant disease resistance all improve, and then reduce the input of agricultural medicine, for the excellent product of organic tobacco high-quality provides support.The invention provides the preparation method of seedling medium, technology is simple, easy to operate, is applicable to industrially scalable production requirement, is convenient to spread and uses.To sum up, organic tobacco seedling medium provided by the invention has obvious economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described in detail.But embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.Raw material: aloe slag is provided by green biological Group Co., Ltd of Yuanjiang county ten thousand.Vinasse, phosphate ore, pelelith and vermiculite are provided by Hongta Tobacco(Group) Co., Ltd..The peat composed of rotten mosses is purchased from Shanghai Ang Bo horticultural materials Co., Ltd; Fermenting agent is ternary microorganism composite microbial inoculum, and the Chinese patent 200710190995.2 " agriculture castoff compost ternary microorganism composite microbial inoculum " with reference to the applicant is formulated.
Embodiment 1
A kind of organic tobacco seedling medium, this matrix is mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:2:1:1:2:3 vinasse, aloe slag and the peat composed of rotten mosses after respectively fermentation maturity, rock phosphate, pelelith, vermiculite, wherein each component should be as the criterion with nature when measuring, without the need to operations such as compactings.
Prepared by concrete employing following methods:
(1) to become thoroughly decomposed the preparation of aloe slag: aloe ground-slag is broken to 1cm-3cm length, regulate water content to 65wt.%, fermenting agent is added by 10% of aloe slag gross weight, and add rock phosphate by 10% of aloe slag gross weight simultaneously, be added to windrow and amass fermentation maturity, the temperature of fermentation heap more than 10 days, carries out turning when fermentation heap central temperature is more than 60 DEG C higher than 50 DEG C of number of days, makes inside and outside fermentation evenly; When fermentation heap temperature is down to environmental temperature, germination test germination index GI >=60%, the material air dry doubling that becomes thoroughly decomposed pulverized 1cm sieve aperture;
(2) to become thoroughly decomposed the preparation of vinasse: add rock phosphate by 10% of vinasse gross weight, water content is regulated by the mixture of vinasse and rock phosphate to be that 60-70wt.% carries out heap fermentation and becomes thoroughly decomposed, the temperature of fermentation heap is 40-45 DEG C, carry out turning when fermentation heap central temperature is more than 60 DEG C, make inside and outside fermentation evenly; When fermentation heap temperature is down to environmental temperature, germination test germination index GI >=60%, the material air dry doubling that becomes thoroughly decomposed pulverized 1cm sieve aperture;
(3) vinasse after fermentation maturity, aloe slag and the peat composed of rotten mosses, rock phosphate, pelelith, vermiculite measure according to the volume ratio of 1:2:1:1:2:3, then add water mixing, the water yield can control in the following manner: the matrix after mixing is held agglomerating, does not touch with one's hand, and lands and namely falls apart.
Embodiment 2
A kind of organic tobacco seedling medium, this matrix is mixed according to the volume ratio of 2:1:2:1:2:2 vinasse, aloe slag and the peat composed of rotten mosses after respectively fermentation maturity, rock phosphate, pelelith, vermiculite, wherein each component should be as the criterion with nature when measuring, without the need to operations such as compactings.
Prepared by concrete employing following methods:
(1) to become thoroughly decomposed the preparation of aloe slag: aloe ground-slag is broken to 1cm-3cm length, regulate water content to 65wt.%, fermenting agent is added by 10% of aloe slag gross weight, and add rock phosphate by 10% of aloe slag gross weight simultaneously, be added to windrow and amass fermentation maturity, the temperature of fermentation heap more than 10 days, carries out turning when fermentation heap central temperature is more than 60 DEG C higher than 50 DEG C of number of days, makes inside and outside fermentation evenly; When fermentation heap temperature is down to environmental temperature, germination test germination index GI >=60%, the material air dry doubling that becomes thoroughly decomposed pulverized 1cm sieve aperture;
(2) to become thoroughly decomposed the preparation of vinasse: add rock phosphate by 10% of vinasse gross weight, water content is regulated by the mixture of vinasse and rock phosphate to be that 60-70wt.% carries out heap fermentation and becomes thoroughly decomposed, the temperature of fermentation heap is 40-45 DEG C, carry out turning when fermentation heap central temperature is more than 60 DEG C, make inside and outside fermentation evenly; When fermentation heap temperature is down to environmental temperature, germination test germination index GI >=60%, the material air dry doubling that becomes thoroughly decomposed pulverized 1cm sieve aperture;
(3) vinasse after fermentation maturity, aloe slag and the peat composed of rotten mosses, rock phosphate, pelelith, vermiculite are measured according to the volume ratio of 2:1:2:1:2:2, then add water mixing, the water yield can control in the following manner: the matrix after mixing is held agglomerating, does not touch with one's hand, and lands and namely falls apart.
Embodiment 3
A kind of organic tobacco seedling medium, this matrix is mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:2:1:2:4 the vinasse after fermentation maturity respectively and the peat composed of rotten mosses, rock phosphate, pelelith, vermiculite, and wherein each component should be as the criterion with nature when measuring, without the need to operations such as compactings.
Prepared by concrete employing following methods:
(1) to become thoroughly decomposed the preparation of vinasse: add rock phosphate by 10% of vinasse gross weight, water content is regulated by the mixture of vinasse and rock phosphate to be that 60-70wt.% carries out heap fermentation and becomes thoroughly decomposed, the temperature of fermentation heap is 40-45 DEG C, carry out turning when fermentation heap central temperature is more than 60 DEG C, make inside and outside fermentation evenly; When fermentation heap temperature is down to environmental temperature, germination test germination index GI >=60%, the material air dry doubling that becomes thoroughly decomposed pulverized 1cm sieve aperture;
(3) vinasse after fermentation maturity and the peat composed of rotten mosses, rock phosphate, pelelith, vermiculite are measured according to volume ratio 1:2:1:2:4, then add water mixing, and the water yield can control in the following manner: the matrix after mixing is held agglomerating, does not touch with one's hand, and lands and namely fall apart.
Comparative example
This comparative example by by matrix of the present invention with contrast matrix (peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite proportioning matrix) and, in tobacco seedling, then compare by the physicochemical property of each matrix and to tobacco seedling effect.
The matrix that seedling medium of the present invention adopts embodiment 1-3 to obtain, contrast matrix is the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite is the rear matrix obtained of 2:1 mixing according to volume ratio.
(1) concrete physicochemical property is as shown in table 1, and assay method wherein all adopts conventional laboratory techniques to carry out.
The physicochemical property of table 1 different ratio matrix
As shown in Table 1: the physicochemical property unit weight of formulation media of the present invention, total porosity, pH and EC are all suitable in the scope of tobacco growing in general matrix, can meet tobacco seedling growth needs.
The rapid available phosphorus of formulation media of the present invention, quick-acting potassium content, apparently higher than contrast matrix, can save phosphorus between nursery stage, the supplementing of potash fertilizer.
(2) concrete tobacco seedling effect is as table 2, and assay method wherein all adopts conventional means to carry out.
Tobacco seedling physiology and morphology index under table 2 different ratio matrix condition
Note: seedling vigorous index=(stem thick/plant height) × complete stool dry weight × 100%.
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with contrast matrix, embodiment 1-3 all facilitates tobacco seedling and grows, show as the raising of the biomass of tobacco, seedling vigorous index, chlorophyll content and improving activity of root system, wherein embodiment 2 seedling vigorous index, chlorophyll content and improving activity of root system amplification are maximum, add 25.7%, 18.4% and 31.6% respectively than contrast.Accompanying drawing 1 is shown in by tobacco growing situation picture.
Again the situation after the transplantation of seedlings to field of different substrates cigarette is observed, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 different ratio matrix tobacco seedling rolls into a ball the physiology and morphology index of a phase after transplanting
After tobacco seedling field planting, compared with contrast matrix, embodiment 1-3 all facilitates tobacco growing and grows, and grows vigorous, and the raising of the group of showing as a phase plant height, leaf length, Ye Kuan, stem girth and chlorophyll content in leaf blades is especially best with embodiment 2; And from field diseases, a situation arises, and embodiment 1-3 improves tobacco plant disease resistance, best with the disease resistance of embodiment 2.Therefore, formulation media of the present invention can substitute with the peat composed of rotten mosses is the contrast matrix of key component.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some amendments to it or improve, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these done without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention amendments and improvement, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (1)
1. an organic tobacco seedling medium, it is characterized in that this matrix vinasse, aloe slag and the peat composed of rotten mosses after fermentation maturity respectively, rock phosphate, pelelith, vermiculite is added water according to the volume ratio of 2:1:2:1:2:2 to mix, amount can control in the following manner: the matrix after mixing is held agglomerating, do not touch with one's hand, land and namely fall apart; Wherein each component should be as the criterion with nature when measuring, without the need to operations such as compactings; The described aloe slag that becomes thoroughly decomposed is prepared by following methods and obtains: aloe ground-slag is broken to 1cm-3cm length, regulate water content to 65wt.%, fermenting agent is added by 10% of aloe slag gross weight, and add rock phosphate by 10% of aloe slag gross weight simultaneously, be added to windrow and amass fermentation maturity, the temperature of fermentation heap more than 10 days, carries out turning when fermentation heap central temperature is more than 60 DEG C higher than 50 DEG C of number of days, makes inside and outside fermentation evenly; When fermentation heap temperature is down to environmental temperature, germination test germination index GI >=60%, the material air dry doubling that becomes thoroughly decomposed pulverized 1cm sieve aperture; The described vinasse that become thoroughly decomposed are prepared by following methods and obtain: add rock phosphate by 10% of vinasse gross weight, water content is regulated by the mixture of vinasse and rock phosphate to be that 60-70wt.% carries out heap fermentation and becomes thoroughly decomposed, the temperature of fermentation heap is 40-45 DEG C, carry out turning when fermentation heap central temperature is more than 60 DEG C, make inside and outside fermentation evenly; When fermentation heap temperature is down to environmental temperature, germination test germination index GI >=60%, the material air dry doubling that becomes thoroughly decomposed pulverized 1cm sieve aperture.
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| CN105036994B (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2018-05-29 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of method for preparing rice light soil-less seedling raising ground substance using biological chelating technology |
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| CN105325239A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-02-17 | 阜南县黄岗镇工艺柳编厂 | Method for culturing seedlings in osier medium |
| CN105684848A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-06-22 | 杨玉明 | Nutritive medium |
| CN107251823B (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2021-04-09 | 四川省烟草公司泸州市公司 | Method for preparing tobacco floating seedling substrate by using Luzhou Maotai-flavor vinasse after fermentation |
| CN107602278A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2018-01-19 | 四川诚至诚农业科技开发有限责任公司 | The preparation method of tobacco breeding and seedling nursing with equipment matrix |
| CN110558200A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2019-12-13 | 安徽省金裕皖酒业有限公司 | vinasse matrix for non-edible fungus cultivation and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN1315130A (en) * | 2000-03-23 | 2001-10-03 | 永丰馀造纸股份有限公司 | Organic cultivation medium |
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