CN104365311A - Method for efficiently cultivating vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for efficiently cultivating vegetables. The vegetables include cabbages, eggplants, cauliflowers and fennels and can be respectively harvested in each year. The method includes growing seedlings of the cabbages in winter warm sheds or warn arched sheds in the first ten-days of December in a current year; colonizing the seedlings of the cabbages in middle arched sheds in the first ten-days of February in the next year, and cultivating 4000-4500 seedlings of the cabbages in each mu; growing seedlings of the eggplants in cold frames in the middle ten-days of February; fertilizing and preparing lands when the cabbages are harvested in the first ten-days of May and 3-4 leaves grown on each eggplant, then colonizing the seedlings of the eggplants and cultivating 2500-3000 seedlings of the eggplants in each mu; growing seedlings of the cauliflowers in the last ten-days of June; harvesting the eggplants in the last ten-days of July, colonizing the seedlings of the cauliflowers and approximately cultivating 3000 seedlings of the cauliflowers in each mu; sowing seeds of the fennels instantly after the cauliflowers are harvested in the first ten-days of October, covering the fennels by the aid of the middle arched sheds around the beginning of winter and selling the fennels in markets when market prices are high. The method has the advantages that of large popularization space and positive significance on increasing the land utilization rate, ingeniously utilizing the time difference of the same varieties, realizing high economic benefit and promoting increase income for vegetable growers and increase agricultural yield.

Description

The high-efficiency grow method of a kind of vegetables

Technical field

The invention belongs to field of vegetable, specifically the high-efficiency grow method of a kind of vegetables.

Background technology

China's per capita area of cultivated farmland is less than 1.4 mu, and the row world 120 multidigit, how on limited soil, obtaining maximum benefit, how to play the potentiality of the resources such as China's temperature, illumination, moisture, be the problem that people explore always.China's agricultural is as typical resource limitation area agricultural, and adopting efficient plantation to increase the direction that unit income is a development, is also a only way which must be passed.At present, China efficiently plants and is also in elementary developing stage, and scientific and technological content is not high, and the plantation dealer level of production is low, and natural resources does not also make full use of, and in-house development has a high potential, and in production, many outstanding problems are urgently to be resolved hurrily.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome above shortcomings in existing efficient plantation, a kind of high financial profit is provided, the skilful a kind of efficient vegetable planting method beating the same veriety time difference, i.e. wild cabbage, eggplant, cauliflower, fennel seedling 1 year four kinds of four receiving method, the method not only has good exemplary role for the agricultural sector structure adjustment river which rises in the northeastern part of Anhui Province, and to the increase growing vegetables gross area, enriches citizen's vegetables-basket, increase vegetable grower's income, there is certain realistic meaning.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: reasonable arrangement crops for rotation, wild cabbage early December before year adopts winter brooder or warm shed nursery, the field planting of early Febuary in next year is in middle shed, mu plants 4000-5000 strain, eggplant 2 adopts Cold frame the middle of the month, the first tenday period of a month in May wild cabbage results after, when eggplant grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, field planting behind the whole ground that applies fertilizer, mu plants 2500-3000 strain, cauliflower late June nursery, about the rear field planting mu of eggplant results in the last ten-days period in July plants 3000 strains, to sow seeds immediately fennel after early October cauliflower results, shed in covering before and after the Beginning of Winter, go on the market during market price height.Selection is satisfied the need kind, wild cabbage selects precocity, high yield, the early-maturing variety that disease-resistant, commodity is good, disease-resistant, high-quality, high yield, storage tolerance kind selected by eggplant, and cauliflower employing commodity is good, heat resistanceheat resistant Early-mid ripening kind, and fennel seedling selects anise or Corm Fructus Foeniculi.Enhance field management, select low toxicity, efficient chemical control damage by disease and insect.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is, for raising land utilization rate, beats the same veriety time difference, high financial profit ingeniously, and promote that vegetable grower increases income, agricultural produce has positive effect, popularization space is very large.

Embodiment

The present invention has and utilizes soil and sunlight-heat reaources, beats the feature of same veriety time difference ingeniously.Average every per mu yield wild cabbage 4500 kilograms, eggplant 3000 kilograms, 2500 kilograms, cauliflower, 2500 kilograms, fennel, mu economic benefit more than 20,000 yuan.

One, crops for rotation arrangement

Wild cabbage adopts winter brooder or warm shed nursery the first tenday period of a month in December before year, and field planting in the first tenday period of a month in February in next year is in middle shed, and mu plants 4000-4500 strain; Eggplant 2 adopts Cold frame the middle of the month, after the first tenday period of a month in May wild cabbage results, when eggplant grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, and field planting behind the whole ground that applies fertilizer, mu plants 2500-3000 strain; Cauliflower late June seedling, the rear field planting of late July eggplant results, about mu plants 3000 strains; Early October cauliflower results after with fennel of sowing seeds, before and after the Beginning of Winter, shed in covering, goes on the market during market price height.

Two, base manure and whole

In conjunction with whole before wild cabbage field planting, mu execute become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 5000-6000 kilogram, 20 kilograms, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate 50 kilograms, potassium sulfate 25 kilograms, 1 kilogram, nucleic acid zinc, then plough, harrow thin, bedding; The first tenday period of a month in May wild cabbage results after, transplant eggplant immediately wholely, execute indignant fertile 5000 kilograms, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50 kilograms in conjunction with whole land, plough deeply spy, rise furrow, furrow are wide 120 centimetres, duplicate rows plant; Cauliflower over the ground earth fertility requires higher, optionally increases base manure quantity, and makes the furrow of 10-15 centimetre high; Sow seeds before fennel and do not execute or light basal dressing.

Three, culture technique

(1) wild cabbage culture technique

1, Fruit variety.First use the early-maturing variety that precocity, high-yield disease resisting, commodity are good.As in sweet No. 15, the kind such as No. 2, Shandong wild cabbage

2, seeding and seedling raising.Select nearly rich soil 6 parts of not planting brassicaceous vegetable for 3 years, add 4 parts of fertilizers fully become thoroughly decomposed, sieve after mixing.After sieving, add superphosphate 1 kilogram in every side's nutrition ground soil, then add carbendazim 80 grams, 60 grams, chlorophos, fully mix, epiphragma piles vexed 7-10 days, waits to sow.The general not vernalization of seed, broadcasts dry seed.Nursery is ordered and is watered vola water, water ooze lower after spread one deck fine earth, then seed is evenly spread on bed surface, every 1 square metre of nursery is ordered with kind of a 2-3 gram, after planting covers thick about 1 centimetre of fine earth.Seedling all sprouts to the 1st true leaf and launches, and in daytime canopy, temperature keeps 18-20C, during higher than 20C, is the noon will put little wind, before 3 leaf phases, based on anti-excessive growth in short strong sprout.Ground earth humidity to keep moistening, not crack be advisable.Seedling carries out a point seedling when growing to 2 leaf 1 heart, temperature raising and maintaining after 3 leaf army, in case bolting in advance, after point seedling, in daytime canopy, temperature remains on 23-25C, and night is not less than 12C, progressively leaks informaton later, make temperature remain on 18C, when plant grows to 4-6 sheet leaf, select blade plump, wax powder is many, well developed root system, anosis worm harm has healthy and strong seedling, and band mamoty rises, store up seedling 2-3 days, get final product field planting.

3, field planting.Line-spacing 45-50 centimetre, spacing in the rows 30-35 centimetre, every mu of field planting 4000-4500 strain.Should note a point seedling during field planting, point seedling by size, power carries out.

4, field management.Within after field planting 5-6 days, water a seedling recovering water, intertillage draws hoe 2-3 time continuously later, restrains the growth of seedlings; After field planting about 15 days, in conjunction with watering, every mu imposed urea 10-15 kilogram, and sprays the borax soln of 1-2 time 0.2%, promoted the growth of lotus throne leaf; When starting balling, efficient vegetables punching fertilising 2-3 time is executed in punching, every minor tick 7-10 days, every mu of 15-20 kilogram at every turn, and foliage-spray is got bumper crops precious multielement Liquid Fertilizer 2-3 time, at interval of 7 days, grows substantial increase to impel leaf-head.Watering, it is fixed to look field conditions face, and adopt a small amount of repeatedly method, avoid broad irrigation, to keep, field is moistening is advisable.When leaf-head abundant consolidation, gather in batches.Before gathering, needs stopping in 5-7 days is watered.

(2) eggplant culture technique

1, Fruit variety.Select disease-resistant, high-quality, high yield, storage tolerance kind, as Beijing six leaf eggplant, assorted No. 2 of circle etc.

2, seeding and seedling raising.Sow the 6-8 hour that basks seeds, then the seed after solarization is placed in the hot water of 55-60C, stir seed soaking 15 minutes, then use 25-30C water seed soaking 14-16 hour.The seed of immersion is rubbed with the hands the mucus of going on crust, with clear water, seed is separated, then bind up with gauze, be put into the warm local vernalization of 25-30C, when more than 80% seed sprouting can be sowed.Seedbed soil selects fertile rural area soil 4 parts, the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed 3 parts, the fine slag sieved 3 parts of Homogeneous phase mixing, and every 1 cubic metre of bed soil mixes and adds 1 kilogram of superphosphate.Water vola water before kind, as ground temperature is low, the warm water of available 30C irrigates bed soil, and after oozing under water, 1 kilogram of medicine soil is spread in every 1 square metre of seedbed.To the seed uniform broadcasting of bud urged to broadcast on seedbed, broadcast rear 1 square metre of seedbed and spread 2 kilograms of medicine soil and a small amount of thin moisture soil again, thickness be no more than 1 centimetre, then covers film thermal insulating, moisturizing.Medicine soil is by 50% thiram wettable powder or 50% carbendazol wettable powder 8-10 gram, mixes that 3 kilograms thin dry ground ratios are fully wet evenly to be formed.Seedling Stage is wanted repeatedly to water on a small quantity, within 5-7 days, suitably controls water, when seedling 2 leaf 1 heart time-division seedling before point seedling, divide seedling with nutritive cube, generally do not topdress, prosperous short strong to control, when eggplant seedling 3-4 leaf, as the jaundice of eggplant seedling, short and small, growing way is poor, can combine to water at fine day to impose 10% rotten fecaluria.The first tenday period of a month in May wild cabbage results after, field planting behind the whole ground that applies fertilizer.

3, field planting.By line-spacing 50-60 centimetre, spacing in the rows 40-50 centimetre of punching, by the eggplant seedling field planting with Nutrition Soil in hole, envelope of then pouring water hole, every mu of field planting 2500-3000 strain.

4, field management.Field planting survives latter about 15 days and combines fertilising ridging, Shaoshi ammonia fertilizer before yielding positive results, decomposed manure, composite fertilizer can be executed, heavy dressing fertilizer after result, mu executes eggplant composite fertilizer special 15-20 kilogram, often pluck once fruit, mu executes 10 kilograms of eggplant composite fertilizer specials or fertile 10 kilograms of eggplant special-purpose irrigation, and fruiting period is every the 5-7 days spray urea of 0.5% and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor of 0.3% later.Soil moisture generally remains on 80% and is advisable, and must guard against long-pending flood immersion, normal weather wants trickle once every 1-2 days, will note water drainage when rainwater is many, during arid, irrigate in time.Eggplant, before and after door eggplant bears fruit, retains two wooden fork shape branches, extracts all the other axillalry buds on stem, to reduce nutrient consumption.Pinching is answered when plant ties 7 fruits, at growing period not priming leaf in principle, but gathering along with fruit, the Lao Ye of plant bottom, Huang Ye, sick leaf can be extractd, and be focused on one, improve ventilation and penetrating light condition, alleviate disease and occur.When fruit is bright-coloured and be rich in gloss, when reaching commodity fruit head, should and gather.

(3) cauliflower culture technique

1, Fruit variety.Adopt that commodity is good, heat resistanceheat resistant, Early-mid ripening kind, as avenged sun, Japanese snow mountain, a generation help agriculture 70 days etc.

2, seeding and seedling raising.Every mu of sowing quantity 50-70 gram, nursery furrow should select physical features higher, and draining is unobstructed, well-ventilated plot.The barnyard manure 500 kilograms of becoming thoroughly decomposed and sieving is executed in every 30 square metres of seedbeds, the composite fertilizer 2 kilograms that phosphorous, potassium is higher, and then plow and rake, be made 1 meter of flat furrow, drain ditch is stayed on furrow both sides.Seedling furrow cover straw screen or mat shade, as time rainy, plastic film be covered.Sowing 2-5 days, when young shoot major part arch soil, post sunset removes covering, and after emerging, daytime will hide three days continuously, and remove in the evening.Timely thinning is wanted, spacing 3 centimetres when cotyledon launches after 1 week; During 2 true leaves, thinning once, spacing 10 centimetres, and watering between Seedling Stage can not be too many, in order to avoid because of the excessive growth of hot weather young plant.Loosen the soil with little hook hoe after watering, remove weeds inside and outside furrow in time, note the generation preventing black rot, control weekly worm once in addition when rainwater is many, within before field planting 7-10 days, control water restraining the growth of seedlings gradually, make its well developed root system, growth of seedling is healthy and strong.

3, field planting and field management.Get final product field planting when seedling age reaches 25-30 days, generally in fine day afternoon or cloudy field planting, adopt Root growth.Before field planting, seedling waters permeable, carries out stripping and slicing after drying in the shade, and is with native top to transplant.Water immediately after planting seedling, after 2-3 days, watering a water again, in order to surviving, then carrying out shallow intertill and clean tillage.Without rainy day gas, a water should be watered every 4-5 days, and accomplish the shallow intertillage of diligent hoe.To cultivation and banking be carried out before plant envelope ridge, and apply urea or diammonium phosphate every mu 15 kilograms in conjunction with ridging, water after ridging fertilising.Plant lobus cardiacus is twisted when revolving will execute 15 kilograms, urea, potassium sulfate 10 kilograms with the punching of every mu, water, when closing on balling, also needing the boric acid spraying 0.2%-0.5%, carrying out top dressing.Heading stage should keep ground moistening, also want priming leaf cover bouquet, with do not make bouquet turn yellow, aging, affect commodity value.

4, gather in the crops in time.Fully grow up at bouquet, pure white and surfacing is tight, gather in when edge does not scatter, cauliflower adopts the phase long, can go on the market successively according to the ripe situation of bouquet, and bouquet band 3-4 sheet tender leaf during harvesting, to reduce damage and pollution.

(4) fennel seedling culture technique

1, Fruit variety.Select anise or Corm Fructus Foeniculi.

2, sow.Before broadcasting, seed is put into 15C degree left and right warm water to soak 12 hours, and wash by rubbing with the hands, then vernalization under 18-20C condition, when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, start sowing.Every mu of sowing quantity 6-8 kilogram.Water immediately after broadcasting, furrow face is moistening, in order to emerging.

3, field management.Timely thinning after tidy seedlings output, keeps spacing in the rows 4 centimetres, carries out uprooting weed in conjunction with thinning.High temperature avoided by fennel, and the well-grown when 15-20C, is subject to freeze injury lower than 4-5C, when temperature reaches 25C, should add forced ventilation.Combine before shed in covering and water, mu imposes 15 kilograms, urea, and water immediately, in canopy, soil conservation is moistening, gathers in the crops first 10 days mu and executes 10 kilograms, urea, with growth promoting effects.

4, gather in the crops.Results are started when height of seedling 20-30 centimetre.If once can uproop during results; If Multiple harvests, then extract in earth's surface 2-3 centimeters.

Four, the extermination of disease and insect pest.

The sick worm of wild cabbage mainly contains aphid, downy mildew, black spot and black rot; Eggplant damage by disease and insect mainly contains two spotted spider mite, Phomopisis vexans and cotton disease; Cauliflower disease insect pest mainly contains cabbage caterpillar, aphid, cotton disease.Control cabbage caterpillar, uses 1000-1500 doubly 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate+1000 times of 1% emamectin benzoate; Two spotted spider mite can prevent and treat with 15% pyridaben, 2000 times of liquid; Aphid can prevent and treat with 10% Imidacloprid, 1500 times of liquid; Downy mildew, black spot and Phomopisis vexans, available 75% tpn 500 times of liquid, or the 500 times of liquid controls of 64% Sandofan; Black spot and soft rot, available 14% network ammonium copper 400 times of liquid or the 3000 times of liquid controls of 72% agricultural streptomycin, its effect is managed all very much.

Claims (1)

1. a high-efficiency grow method for vegetables, is characterized in that: described vegetables comprise wild cabbage, eggplant, cauliflower, fennel seedling, 1 year four kinds of four receipts; Described wild cabbage early December before year adopts winter brooder or warm shed nursery, the field planting of early Febuary in next year is in middle shed, mu plants 4000-4500 strain, eggplant adopts Cold frame mid-February, the first tenday period of a month in May wild cabbage results after, when eggplant grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, field planting behind the whole ground that applies fertilizer, mu plants 2500-3000 strain, cauliflower late June nursery, late July eggplant results field planting, mu is planted about 3000 strains, and fennel of sowing seeds immediately after early October cauliflower results, before and after the Beginning of Winter, shed in covering, goes on the market during market price height.