CN104350990A - Organic matrix seedling raising method for mechanically-planted paddy formula - Google Patents
Organic matrix seedling raising method for mechanically-planted paddy formula Download PDFInfo
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- CN104350990A CN104350990A CN201410673703.0A CN201410673703A CN104350990A CN 104350990 A CN104350990 A CN 104350990A CN 201410673703 A CN201410673703 A CN 201410673703A CN 104350990 A CN104350990 A CN 104350990A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic matrix seedling raising method for a mechanically-planted paddy formula. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a seedbed and materials; seeding and raising seedlings; performing seedling-stage management including temperature management, fertilizer management, illumination management, chemical control, pest control, fertilizer dressing and seedling pulling and conveying. According to the method, a farmland or yard with high topography, ventilation, light transmission and convenience for water irrigation and drainage is taken as the seedbed, strong seedlings which conform to mechanical planting requirements are cultured, the seedling raising land is saved, the seedling raising labor strength is alleviated, and water resources are saved. Rice chaff charcoal and Chaohu lake algae peat soil which are prepared at a mass ratio of 6:4 are taken as mother soil, and 0.5% of thoroughly-decomposed organic bacterial manure, 0.1% of urea, 0.1% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% of seedling strengthening agent are added so as to prepare an organic matrix which is used for supplying sufficient nutritional ingredients for the seedlings, so that the cost is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Rice Cropping technical field, specifically a kind of machine-transplanted rice formula organic substrate method of raising seedling.
Background technology
Along with the penetration and promotion of rice mechanized transplant, it is crucial for cultivating the strong seedling meeting machine transplanting of rice requirement.At present, traditional field seedling raising method, not only needs suitable seedling field, also wastes a large amount of manpower and materials.Machine transplanting of rice seedling is the key link in machine-transplanted rice High Yield Technique System of Cultivating, and compared with conventional seedling raising method, the distinguishing feature of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising is that thickness of sowing is large, and standardisation requirements is high.
The machine-transplanted rice seedling raising of prior art is main mainly with chemical fertilizer greatly, and easily cause soil compaction, water and soil loss, the rice shoot root cultivated is strong not, affects the total quality of rice shoot, thus affects Rice Cropping industry.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the defect overcoming prior art existence, a kind of machine-transplanted rice formula organic substrate method of raising seedling is provided.
Object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of machine-transplanted rice formula organic substrate method of raising seedling, comprises the following steps:
(1) seedbed and material: high furrow are made in seedbed, furrow face is smooth, and furrow ditch is unobstructed, mulch film in covering, furrow face width degree: the furrow face 1.5m of floppy disk seedling is wide, the furrow face width 1.5 ~ 2.5m of hard disk seedling; Preparation organic substrate: rice chaff charcoal and Chaohu algae peat soil make female soil by weight 6: 4, add 0.5% (herein % be percentage by weight or what?) organic fungi-manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 0.1% urea, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% seedling strengthen agent carry out stir process, 100 mesh sieves are crossed in fragmentation, cover the stewing slaking of heap with film or packed slaking for subsequent use; Seedling dish is selected: seedling dish selects hard disk, floppy disk, and specification is 28*58*2.5cm, and every mu, japonica rice is with 25-30, and indica Hybrid Rice mu is with 16-20;
(2) seeding and seedling raising: seed treatment; Planting with sowing machine;
(3) seedling management: comprise the following steps:
(3-1) temperature treatment: before emerging, daytime maintains stromal surface temperature at 25 ~ 30 DEG C, is not less than 15 DEG C evening;
(3-2) rich water quality management: Qi Miaoqian, should moisturizing immediately when stromal surface is dry, and end water is enough emerged used;
(3-3) illumination management: seeding stage shading, the common light of nursery after emerging;
(3-4) change control: rice shoot 1 leaf 1 heart stage, take root under every mu of seedbed is short to the short strong rice shoot of water 30kg even spraying control with 15% paclobutrazol 70-90g;
(3-5) extermination of disease and insect pest: mu 25% pymetrozine 20ml or 20% Mobucin 200ml or the medicament such as 50% phenthoate dimephenthoate cidial missible oil 100ml or 40% chlopyrifos 100ml are used alternatingly, above medicament is to water 40kg ~ 50kg, rice shoot even spraying is aimed at, the anti-good small brown rice planthopper of control, rice thrips, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, snout moth's larva, stripe virus disease, black streak dwarf before at dusk;
(3-6) impose " send and transfer fertilizer ": 2-3 days before transplanting, often dish urea 7.5g waters the solution that water 3kg is made into 0.25% and executes, simultaneously with clear water spray in case fertilizer damage blade.
(3-7) lifting fortune seedling: organic substrate rice shoot well developed root system, when rice shoot reaches 3.5 leaf age, root system can coil the root felt of forming consolidation, directly rice shoot is rolled when getting seedling, watered a water by one day before noon in transplanting, seedling volume can transport in overlapping entrucking, and loading height is no more than 6 layers.
Described step (2) seed treatment step is: select the fine 1-2 days that basks seeds before seed soaking, seed is after selection by winnowing, screening and clear water are floating, carry out Medicament soaked seed, seed soaking medicament 25% Prochloraz 2ml is watered 10kg, and soak seed after stirring 5 ~ 6kg, seed soaking 12-18h, liquid exceeds seed aspect 10cm, indoor seed soaking, and every day stirs 2-3 time, play water after seed soaking, when vernalization to broken chest shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, spreading for cooling is waited to broadcast.
In described step (2), sowing comprises the following steps:
(1) hard-disk sleeve floppy disk: by configuration matrix machine dress seedling dish, strike off, keeps chassis soil 2cm thickness;
(2) water is spread: adapted spreads water rod and spreads water and make chassis soil drenched;
(3) sow: machine sowing japonica rice is often coiled and broadcasts dry kind of 120 ~ 150g, wet kind of 160-200g; Indica hybrid rice often coils broadcasts a dry kind of 40-60g, wet kind of a 60-80g, and evenly, every square of cm is no less than 3 seeds (hybrid rice 1) in sowing, can not broadcast leakage and repeat sowing;
(4) cover: the substrate soil of sieving that after planting machine spreads without fostering and apply fertilizer again builds seed, strikes off, keeps thickness 0.25cm;
(5) the neat pile of hard disk is after planting placed on high elevation level land, is highly no more than 1.5m, and top layer is added a cover and bare substrate dish is housed is beared down on one, upper shoe lid plastic sheeting for farm use, add a cover sunshade net in outdoor situation, concentrated darkening is urged and is educated 2-3 days, pump hard disk during neat seedling, pendulum floppy disk is left the bed;
(6) seedbed on balance: note the minor face of seedling dish outside during pendulum seedling dish, ajust, put together, put tightly;
(7) sterilize: with 65% fenaminosulf wetting powder, 600 times of liquid, pasteurised completely is carried out to seedbed;
(8) overlay film cover net: outdoor nursery will be encircleed film and covered and add a cover sunshade net or tiling non-woven fabrics insulation, moisturizing, anti-heavy rain, shade;
(9) end water temperature adjustment moisturizing is flooded: fill ditch-water after balance terminates immediately and the native 20-30min of drenched dish, draining moisturizing subsequently.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention selects that physical features is higher, ventilation and penetrating light, filling draining easily farmland or garden as seedbed, cultivate the strong seedling meeting machine transplanting of rice requirement, save seedling field, alleviate seedling labour intensity, save water resource; The present invention makes female soil by weight 6: the 4 rice chaff charcoals prepared and Chaohu algae peat soil; add 0.5% become thoroughly decomposed organic fungi-manure, 0.1% urea, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% seedling strengthen agent preparation organic substrate; for rice shoot provides sufficient nutrient component; balance fertilizing; reduce chemical fertile amount of application; rely on biological covering protection soil moisture and natural fertility, increase the soil organic matter, strengthen soil microbial activities.
Embodiment
For the ease of it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment
The present invention becomes thoroughly decomposed organic fungi-manure purchase from Shijiazhuang Xi Xingfeiye agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd.
It is biochemical that seedling strengthen agent buys bootstrap agriculture.
If no special instructions, % of the present invention is all weight percentage.
One, seedbed and material prepare
1, seedbed is done
, ventilation and penetrating light, filling draining easily farmland or garden higher in physical features are selected in seedbed, generally should suitably away from wheatland.High furrow are made in seedbed, and furrow face is smooth, and do whole water in advance the 1-2 month and to drop down or water is whole drops down flat, furrow ditch is unobstructed.Furrow face width degree: the furrow face 1.5m of floppy disk seedling is wide, the furrow face width 1.5 ~ 2.5m of hard disk seedling.Every mu of land for growing field crops need prepare rice seedling bed 4 ~ 5m
2.After the leveling of furrow face, mulch film in covering with good conditionsi, film does not need punching, to prevent rice shoot root system from penetrating bed soil, promotes rice shoot packing, is convenient to plant wound when controlling seedling excessive growth and alleviate transplanting.
2, organic substrate is prepared
Within 1-3 month in advance, configure organic Nutrition Soil: make female soil by after the spring before the winter by weight 6: the 4 rice chaff charcoals prepared and Chaohu algae peat soil, add 0.5% and become thoroughly decomposed that organic fungi-manure, 0.1% urea, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% seedling strengthen agent carry out stir process, fragmentation is sieved, cover the stewing slaking of heap with film or packed slaking for subsequent use, the seedling raising ground substance every mu land for growing field crops consumption 100L of configuration.
3, seedling dish is selected.
Seedling dish selects hard disk, floppy disk, and specification is 28*58*2.5cm, and japonica rice is cultivated, floppy disk every mu use 25 ~ 30, and indica Hybrid Rice mu is with 16-20.
Two, seeding and seedling raising
1, seed treatment
The fine 1-2 days that basks seeds is selected before seed soaking.Seed, after selection by winnowing, screening and clear water are floating, carries out Medicament soaked seed.Seed soaking medicament can be watered 10kg with 25% Prochloraz 2 milliliters, and soak seed after stirring 5 ~ 6kg, seed soaking 12-18h.Liquid exceeds seed aspect 10cm, and in indoor seed soaking, every day stirs 2-3 time.Play water after seed soaking, when under indoor thermophilic condition, vernalization to broken chest shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, spreading for cooling is waited to broadcast.Stripe virus disease generation area, every 5 ~ 6kg seed rice also needs to dress seed with 35% carbosulfan 5g.
2, sow: sow with special seeder:
(1) hard-disk sleeve floppy disk: by configuration matrix machine dress seedling dish, strike off, keeps chassis soil 2cm thickness;
(2) water is spread: adapted spreads water rod and spreads water and make chassis soil drenched;
(3) sow: machine sowing japonica rice is often coiled and broadcasts dry kind of 120 ~ 150g, wet kind of 160-200g; Indica hybrid rice often coils broadcasts a dry kind of 40-60g, wet kind of a 60-80g, and sowing evenly, generally keeps every square centimeter and is no less than 3 seeds, hybrid rice 1, can not broadcast leakage and repeat sowing;
(4) cover: after planting machine spreads the substrate soil of sieving without fostering and apply fertilizer again, builds seed, strikes off, keeps thickness 0.25cm;
(5) the neat pile of hard disk is after planting placed on high elevation level land, is highly no more than 1.5m, and top layer is added a cover and bare substrate dish is housed is beared down on one, and upper shoe lid plastic sheeting for farm use, adds a cover sunshade net in outdoor situation.Concentrated darkening is urged and is educated 2-3 days, pumps hard disk during neat seedling, and pendulum floppy disk is left the bed;
(6) seedbed on balance: note the minor face of seedling dish outside during pendulum seedling dish, ajust, put together, put tightly, be conducive to machine rice transplanting from now on;
(7) sterilize: with 65% fenaminosulf wetting powder, 600 times of liquid, pasteurised completely is carried out to seedbed, can not wash away by flood, in order to avoid wash upside down the nutrient in seedling, leaching loss matrix, cause uneven and rice shoot growing way inequality of emerging;
(8) overlay film cover net: outdoor nursery will be encircleed film and covered and add a cover sunshade net or tiling non-woven fabrics insulation, moisturizing, anti-heavy rain, shade; Raise seedling in greenhouse does not tile and carries out lid non-woven fabrics;
(9) end water temperature adjustment moisturizing is flooded: fill ditch-water after balance terminates immediately and the native 20-30min of drenched dish, draining moisturizing subsequently.
Three, seedling management
1, temperature treatment.
Before emerging, daytime maintains stromal surface temperature at 25 ~ 30 DEG C, is not less than 15 DEG C evening.After emerging, temperature maintains the lower bound of thermophilic, and particularly night, temperature should get the lower bound management of thermophilic, to control seedling excessive growth.
2, rich water quality management.
Qi Miaoqian, should moisturizing immediately when stromal surface is dry, and under normal circumstances, end water is enough emerged used.After emerging, pushing up soil, suitably control moisture.Matrix all should be kept whole seedling stage moistening, excessively can't control water and cause root system injured; Also unsuitable water is too sufficient, is unfavorable for rice shoot packing.When morning rice shoot without during dew should the morning 10 time before pour water to dish soil is moistening.Within 2 ~ 3 days before planting, execute to send and transfer fertilizer, often dish urea 7.5g waters the solution that water 3kg is made into 0.25% and executes, simultaneously with clear water spray in case fertilizer damage blade.
3, illumination management.
Before emerging, as far as possible shading burns seedling with high temperature-proof, and after emerging when not affecting temperature, allow the common light of nursery as far as possible, the key measure that organic substrate nursery controls seedling excessive growth is: low temperature, high light, appropriate moisture.
4, control is changed.
Rice shoot 1 leaf 1 heart stage, prosperous linear leaf in packing control of taking root under mu seedbed is short to the short strong rice shoot of water 30kg even spraying control with 15% paclobutrazol 70-90g, to cultivate qualified machine transplanting of rice strong sprout.
5, the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Organic substrate nursery, regularly sprays medicine protection seedling stage, attention control small brown rice planthopper.Nursery period, mainly prevents the damage by disease and insect such as good small brown rice planthopper, rice thrips, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, snout moth's larva.Mu is used alternatingly with 25% pymetrozine 20ml or 20% Mobucin 200ml or the medicament such as 50% phenthoate dimephenthoate cidial missible oil 100ml or 40% chlopyrifos 100ml, above medicament is to water 40kg ~ 50kg, rice shoot even spraying is aimed at, to alleviate stripe virus disease, the black streak dwarf harm of small brown rice planthopper propagation before at dusk.
6, impose " send and transfer fertilizer ".
2-3 days before transplanting, all rice seedling beds disposable fertilizer medicine, accomplishes that band medicine band fertilizer is gone to the field.Often dish urea 7.5g waters the solution that water 3kg is made into 0.25% and executes, simultaneously with clear water spray in case fertilizer damage blade.
7, lifting fortune seedling.
Organic substrate rice shoot well developed root system, when rice shoot reaches 3.5 leaf age, root system can coil the root felt of forming consolidation, gets Miao Shike and directly rice shoot is rolled.For the ease of getting seedling, as far as possible watering a water by one day before noon in transplanting, getting seedling and watering the same day and unfavorablely get seedling, fortune seedling.Seedling volume can transport in overlapping entrucking, and loading height is no more than 6 layers as far as possible.
Method of raising seedling rice shoot rooting ability of the present invention is strong, and packing is good, and thickness is consistent, and shape, as blanket, is mentioned and do not fallen apart, and root system dish knot power >=3.5kg, grows delicate and pretty, base portion without yellow leaf, without damage by disease and insect.
Above content is only citing made for the present invention and explanation; affiliated those skilled in the art make various amendment to described specific embodiment or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute; only otherwise depart from invention or surmount this scope as defined in the claims, protection scope of the present invention all should be belonged to.
Claims (3)
1. a machine-transplanted rice formula organic substrate method of raising seedling, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) seedbed and material: high furrow are made in seedbed, furrow face is smooth, and furrow ditch is unobstructed, mulch film in covering, furrow face width degree: the furrow face 1.5m of floppy disk seedling is wide, the furrow face width 1.5 ~ 2.5m of hard disk seedling; Preparation organic substrate: rice chaff charcoal and Chaohu algae peat soil make female soil by weight 6: 4, add 0.5% and become thoroughly decomposed that organic fungi-manure, 0.1% urea, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% seedling strengthen agent carry out stir process, 100 mesh sieves are crossed in fragmentation, cover the stewing slaking of heap with film or packed slaking for subsequent use; Seedling dish is selected: seedling dish selects hard disk, floppy disk, and specification is 28*58*2.5cm, and every mu, japonica rice is with 25-30, and indica Hybrid Rice mu is with 16-20;
(2) seeding and seedling raising: seed treatment; Planting with sowing machine;
(3) seedling management: comprise the following steps:
(3-1) temperature treatment: before emerging, daytime maintains stromal surface temperature at 25 ~ 30 DEG C, is not less than 15 DEG C evening;
(3-2) rich water quality management: Qi Miaoqian, should moisturizing immediately when stromal surface is dry, and end water is enough emerged used;
(3-3) illumination management: seeding stage shading, the common light of nursery after emerging;
(3-4) change control: rice shoot 1 leaf 1 heart stage, take root under every mu of seedbed is short to the short strong rice shoot of water 30kg even spraying control with 15% paclobutrazol 70-90g;
(3-5) extermination of disease and insect pest: mu 25% pymetrozine 20ml or 20% Mobucin 200ml or the medicament such as 50% phenthoate dimephenthoate cidial missible oil 100ml or 40% chlopyrifos 100ml are used alternatingly, above medicament is to water 40kg ~ 50kg, rice shoot even spraying is aimed at, the anti-good small brown rice planthopper of control, rice thrips, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, snout moth's larva, stripe virus disease, black streak dwarf before at dusk;
(3-6) impose " send and transfer fertilizer ": 2-3 days before transplanting, often dish urea 7.5g waters the solution that water 3kg is made into 0.25% and executes, simultaneously with clear water spray in case fertilizer damage blade;
(3-7) lifting fortune seedling: organic substrate rice shoot well developed root system, when rice shoot reaches 3.5 leaf age, root system can coil the root felt of forming consolidation, directly rice shoot is rolled when getting seedling, watered a water by one day before noon in transplanting, seedling volume can transport in overlapping entrucking, and loading height is no more than 6 layers.
2. machine-transplanted rice formula organic substrate method of raising seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (2) seed treatment step is: select the fine 1-2 days that basks seeds before seed soaking, seed is after selection by winnowing, screening and clear water are floating, carry out Medicament soaked seed, seed soaking medicament 25% Prochloraz 2ml is watered 10kg, soak seed after stirring 5 ~ 6kg, seed soaking 12-18h, liquid exceeds seed aspect 10cm, indoor seed soaking, and every day stirs 2-3 time, play water after seed soaking, when vernalization to broken chest shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, spreading for cooling is waited to broadcast.
3. machine-transplanted rice formula organic substrate method of raising seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), sowing comprises the following steps:
(1) hard-disk sleeve floppy disk: by configuration matrix machine dress seedling dish, strike off, keeps chassis soil 2cm thickness;
(2) water is spread: adapted spreads water rod and spreads water and make chassis soil drenched;
(3) sow: machine sowing japonica rice is often coiled and broadcasts dry kind of 120 ~ 150g, wet kind of 160-200g; Indica hybrid rice often coils broadcasts a dry kind of 40-60g, wet kind of a 60-80g, and evenly, every square of cm is no less than 3 seeds (hybrid rice 1) in sowing, can not broadcast leakage and repeat sowing;
(4) cover: the substrate soil of sieving that after planting machine spreads without fostering and apply fertilizer again builds seed, strikes off, keeps thickness 0.25cm;
(5) the neat pile of hard disk is after planting placed on high elevation level land, is highly no more than 1.5m, and top layer is added a cover and bare substrate dish is housed is beared down on one, upper shoe lid plastic sheeting for farm use, add a cover sunshade net in outdoor situation, concentrated darkening is urged and is educated 2-3 days, pump hard disk during neat seedling, pendulum floppy disk is left the bed;
(6) seedbed on balance: note the minor face of seedling dish outside during pendulum seedling dish, ajust, put together, put tightly;
(7) sterilize: with 65% fenaminosulf wetting powder, 600 times of liquid, pasteurised completely is carried out to seedbed;
(8) overlay film cover net: outdoor nursery will be encircleed film and covered and add a cover sunshade net or tiling non-woven fabrics insulation, moisturizing, anti-heavy rain, shade;
(9) end water temperature adjustment moisturizing is flooded: fill ditch-water after balance terminates immediately and the native 20-30min of drenched dish, draining moisturizing subsequently.
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| CN106472192A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-03-08 | 湖南安邦新农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of strong sprout method of late rice machine transplanting of rice rice shoot |
| CN106613583A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-05-10 | 广西澜光科技有限公司 | Rice seedling raising method suitable for mechanized production |
| CN106718437A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽华安种业有限责任公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of long-grained nonglutinous rice |
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| CN112535078A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-23 | 淮阴师范学院 | Cultivation method of conventional japonica rice blanket-shaped machine-transplanted tillering large seedlings |
| CN114600720A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-10 | 安徽真金彩种业有限责任公司 | High-yield cultivation method for one-season mid-indica hybrid rice |
| CN114793580A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-07-29 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Microbial agent allocation method for rice field regenerated water-clear water combined irrigation |
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| CN111837846A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-30 | 扬州大学 | Method for cultivating mechanically transplanted strong rice seedlings by using matrix type seedling trays |
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| CN114793580A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-07-29 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Microbial agent allocation method for rice field regenerated water-clear water combined irrigation |
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