CN104338740B - A kind of changing food waste stores and the method and apparatus of pretreatment - Google Patents

A kind of changing food waste stores and the method and apparatus of pretreatment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104338740B
CN104338740B CN201410587522.6A CN201410587522A CN104338740B CN 104338740 B CN104338740 B CN 104338740B CN 201410587522 A CN201410587522 A CN 201410587522A CN 104338740 B CN104338740 B CN 104338740B
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unit
food waste
changing food
compression
storage unit
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CN104338740A (en
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薛建良
徐莹莹
孙自强
连明杰
吴亚男
于昊
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of changing food waste store and the method and apparatus of pretreatment, described equipment includes that housing, enclosure interior are provided with pretreatment unit, compression unit, liquid storage unit, solid storage element and gas storage unit;Wherein, pretreatment unit is for the break process of changing food waste;Compression unit for compress broken after changing food waste, realize the solid-liquid separation of changing food waste;Liquid storage unit is for storing pretreatment unit and the liquid of compression unit generation;Solid storage element is for storing the solid that compression unit produces, and gas storage unit is for storing the gas that liquid storage unit produces.The present invention collects kitchen garbage breaking, solid-liquid separation and foul smell and is collected in one; changing food waste is carried out pretreatment and storage; transport and follow-up anaerobic treatment can be more beneficial for after pretreatment; can be widely used for the catering industries such as family, community, dining room and large hotel; realize the watershed management to changing food waste; the source polluted by changing food waste cuts off, and reduces its baneful influence to environment, beneficially environmental conservation.

Description

A kind of changing food waste stores and the method and apparatus of pretreatment
Technical field
The present invention relates to technology of garbage disposal, specifically, relate to a kind of of short duration storage changing food waste and its pretreatment is realized The method and apparatus of solid-liquid separation.
Background technology
Along with the lifting of China's economic strength, the living standard of people improves constantly, the changing food waste that family, catering industry produce Increase the most therewith.At present, the generation amount of changing food waste has geometric growth trend the most decades ago.Substantial amounts of changing food waste Produce, necessarily bring huge harm to environment.But, China's changing food waste treatment industry is in the starting stage.Employing is detested The aerobe fermentation treatable method of product is one of emphasis of Future Development, and this technology is the advanced treating to changing food waste, and There are technological process and the scheme of maturation.But, this technology is higher to the pre-processing requirements of changing food waste.The pretreatment of changing food waste Technical method and equipment are concentrated mainly on solid-liquid separation, oil-water separation aspect, and collect the foul gas produced, and pretreatment is imitated Fruit directly influences the effect of follow-up anaerobism production capacity and the impact on environment.The method and apparatus of existing changing food waste pretreatment, Great majority are positioned at destructor plant or refuse landfill, and its feature substantially maximizes, power consumption is big and focuses on.Such as, Patent No. 201420114203.9, the utility model patent of Publication No. CN203817034U disclose a kind of changing food waste and beat Slurry sorting unit, this device belongs to a kind of large-scale pretreatment unit, is suitably applied bulky refuse treatment plant.Although these skills Art is conducive to follow-up anaerobic treatment, but the pollution on changing food waste source is not strictly controlled.Such as, changing food waste The environmental risk that after generation, the aspect such as temporary, transport all exists.
It is therefore proposed that a kind of being positioned serves family, food and beverage enterprise or the portable pretreatment dress of food and drink generation aggregation zone Put and seem particularly significant.The present invention proposes a kind of collection kitchen garbage breaking, solid-liquid separation and foul smell and is collected as one pretreatment unit, Can be widely applied to kitchen and produce region, transport and follow-up anaerobic treatment can be more beneficial for after pretreatment.This product Innovation be that volume is little, energy consumption is low, can portable transportation, can be widely popularized in family, community, dining room and large-scale wine The catering industries such as shop, can do a watershed management by the changing food waste of generation.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims to changing food waste store and present in preprocessing process, power consumption is big, to pollute environment etc. above-mentioned not Foot, it is provided that a kind of changing food waste store and the method and apparatus of pretreatment, this equipment volume is little, it is low to consume energy, can portable transportation, The catering industries such as family, community, dining room and large hotel can be widely used in, it is achieved that the watershed management of changing food waste.
The technical scheme is that a kind of changing food waste store and the method for pretreatment, the method include the process phase, the discharge opeing phase, Deslagging phase and exhaust cycle, (one) processes the phase: changing food waste is thrown in pretreatment unit by (1), by smashing device by kitchen rubbish Rubbish smashes the fragment to a diameter of 8-12mm, and the partially liq produced in the process flows into liquid storage unit and stores;(2) logical Changing food waste fragment is compressed by overcompression unit, compacting, and solid enters compression temporary storage location, and liquid is flowed into by compression unit Liquid storage unit stores;(3) the solid entrance solid storage element in compression temporary storage location stores;(4) pretreatment list The gas that unit and liquid storage unit produce enters gas storage unit and stores;(2) the discharge opeing phase: when the amount of liquid of liquid storage unit reaches to set During definite value, drain;(3) the deslagging phase: as the level of residue 1/2-3/4 at its capacity that solid storage element stores, row Go out residue;(4) exhaust cycle: when the gas pressure in gas storage unit reaches setting value, discharges gas to the evil pre-set In smelly collection system.
Present invention also offers a kind of changing food waste to store and pre-processing device, this equipment includes that housing, enclosure interior are provided with pre- Processing unit, compression unit, liquid storage unit, solid storage element and gas storage unit;Wherein, pretreatment unit is used for kitchen rubbish The break process of rubbish;Compression unit for compress broken after changing food waste, realize the solid-liquid separation of changing food waste;Liquid storage unit For storing pretreatment unit and the liquid of compression unit generation;Solid storage element is used for storing the solid that compression unit produces, Gas storage unit is for storing the gas that liquid storage unit produces.
Further, pretreatment unit is positioned at the top of housing;Compression unit is positioned at the bottom of pretreatment unit, and and pretreatment The bottom connection of unit;Liquid storage unit is positioned at the bottom of compression unit, and carries compression unit and pretreatment unit;Solid stores Unit is arranged on the bottom of housing, and its top is connected with compression unit;Gas storage unit is arranged on enclosure interior side, with pretreatment Unit and compression unit are parallel, and its lower end is connected with liquid storage unit.
Preferably, described pretreatment unit is the circular platform type cylinder of punching rate 80-85%, and inner barrel is provided with smashes device, The tumbler smashing device and be arranged on cylinder body bottom is connected.
Preferably, smashing device is three groups of blades, and the gap between blade and cylinder is 10-15mm, blade and cylinder body bottom Tumbler connects.
Preferably, described compression unit is cylindrical tube, and top cylinder is helical compression part, and lower cylinder is for compression temporarily Nonresident portion;Described helical compression part is the cylindrical tube of punching rate 80-85%, is connected with the bottom of pretreatment unit, and inside sets It is equipped with helical compression device;Described compression temporary storage part is divided into closed cavity cylinder, and bottom is provided with turnover panel, and the temporary part of compression is logical Cross turnover panel to be connected with solid storage element.
Further, being provided with compressor in solid storage element, described compressor is connected with motor.
Further, the lower end of gas storage unit is provided with air inlet and liquid seal trough, and air inlet is connected with liquid storage unit, liquid seal trough with The external water level pressure gage of housing is connected.
Further, the top of housing is provided with case lid, and the sidewall of housing bottom is provided with the pedal unit being connected with case lid.
Further, the top of housing is provided with the gas outlet with the connection of gas storage unit and the observation panel being connected with liquid storage unit, under Portion is provided with the liquid outlet connected with liquid storage unit and the discharging opening connected with solid storage element;The center of described observation panel For the high level line of liquid storage unit, and the centrage of observation panel and compression unit bottommost flush;Described liquid outlet is less than storage The bottom of liquid unit.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention collects kitchen garbage breaking, solid-liquid separation and foul smell and is collected in one, to kitchen rubbish Rubbish carries out pretreatment and storage, can be more beneficial for transport and follow-up anaerobic treatment, it is possible to be widely used in house after pretreatment The catering industries such as front yard, community, dining room and large hotel, it is achieved that the watershed management to changing food waste, pollute changing food waste Source cut off, reduce its baneful influence to environment, beneficially environmental conservation.Present device to current environmental-protection box and rubbish with Processing equipment effectively innovates combination, and its simple in construction, volume are little, it is low to consume energy, can portable transportation, use classification storage Design, processes provide premise for waste gas, waste liquid, useless solid specific aim, lay a good foundation for reprocessing, it is simple at subsequent classification Reason and classification loop utilize.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that changing food waste of the present invention stores and the internal structural map of pre-processing device.
Fig. 2 is that changing food waste of the present invention stores and the external structure of pre-processing device.
Wherein, 1, case lid, 2, pretreatment unit, 3, smash device, 4, compression unit, 5, liquid storage unit, 6, compressor, 7, solid storage element, 8, discharging opening, 9, gas storage unit, 10, air inlet, 11, liquid outlet, 12, pedal unit, 13, Power connection, 14, liquid seal trough, 15, gas outlet, 16, observation panel, 17, external water level pressure gage.
Detailed description of the invention
As Fig. 1 is to shown in 2, and a kind of changing food waste stores and pre-processing device, and this equipment includes that housing, enclosure interior are provided with Pretreatment unit 2, compression unit 4, liquid storage unit 5, solid storage element 7 and gas storage unit 9;Wherein, pretreatment unit 2 tops being positioned at housing, for the break process of changing food waste;Compression unit 4 is positioned at the bottom of pretreatment unit 2, and with The bottom connection of pretreatment unit 2, for compress broken after changing food waste, realize the solid-liquid separation of changing food waste;Liquid storage list Unit 5 is positioned at the bottom of compression unit 4, and carries compression unit 4 and pretreatment unit 2, is used for storing pretreatment unit 2 He The liquid that compression unit 4 produces;Solid storage element 7 is arranged on the bottom of housing, and its top is connected with compression unit 4, uses In storing the solid that compression unit 4 produces, gas storage unit 9 is arranged on enclosure interior side, single with pretreatment unit 2 and compression Unit 4 is parallel, and its lower end is connected with liquid storage unit 5, for storing the gas that liquid storage unit 5 produces.
Liquid in order to produce when realizing the broken of changing food waste and be easy to broken is collected, and above-mentioned pretreatment unit 2 is punching rate The circular platform type cylinder of 80-85%, inner barrel is provided with smashes device 3, and smashing device 3 is three groups of blades, between blade and cylinder Gap is 10-15mm, and blade is connected with the tumbler of cylinder body bottom.
In order to realize the solid-liquid separation of changing food waste, above-mentioned compression unit 4 is cylindrical tube, and top cylinder is helical compression part, Lower cylinder is the temporary part of compression;For the ease of the outflow of the liquid that changing food waste produces, described helical compression part is perforation The cylindrical tube of rate 80-85%, is connected with the bottom of pretreatment unit, is internally provided with helical compression device, is used for compressing, being compacted Changing food waste, described helical compression device is bidirectional screw blade, it is simple to changing food waste compresses, moves;Described compression temporary storage part Being divided into closed cavity cylinder, not perforate on barrel, it is simple to store solids changing food waste, the bottom of the temporary part of compression is provided with Turnover panel, the temporary part of compression is connected with solid storage element 7 by turnover panel, it is simple to solid kitchen temporary in the temporary part of compression Rubbish enters solid storage element 7.
Discharge for the ease of the solid changing food waste in solid storage element 7, in above-mentioned solid storage element 7, be provided with compressor 6, described compressor 6 is connected with motor, as the 1/2-3/4 that solid changing food waste is its storage capacity in solid storage element 7, Driven compressor 6 to be compressed by motor, by discharging opening 8, solid changing food waste is discharged.
The lower end of gas storage unit 9 of the present invention is provided with air inlet 10 and liquid seal trough 14, and air inlet 10 is connected with liquid storage unit 5, The a large amount of foul gass easily polluting environment produced in pretreatment unit 2 and liquid storage unit 5 are entered through liquid seal trough 14 by air inlet Gas storage unit 9, liquid seal trough 14 can stop the gas in gas storage unit 9 to return in liquid storage unit 5 effectively, liquid seal trough 14 It is connected with the external water level pressure gage 17 of housing, aerofluxus can be determined whether according to the pressure of external water level pressure gage 17 display.
The present invention uses the foot-operated case lid that automatically controls to design, i.e. the top of housing is provided with case lid 1, the sidewall of housing bottom sets It is equipped with the pedal unit 12 being connected with case lid 1, not only health but also environmental protection, it also avoid a large amount of changing food waste simultaneously and expose and air contact Rot to produce odor pollution environment.
The top of inventive shell is provided with the gas outlet 15 with gas storage unit 9 connection and the observation panel being connected with liquid storage unit 5 16, bottom is provided with the liquid outlet 11 connected with liquid storage unit 5 and the discharging opening 8 connected with solid storage element 7;Described sight The center examining mouth 16 is the high level line of liquid storage unit 5, and the centrage of observation panel 16 and compression unit 4 bottommost Flush, when the liquid in liquid storage unit 5 reaches the centerline of observation panel 16, can carry out discharge opeing;Described liquid outlet 11 Bottom less than liquid storage unit 5, it is simple to the liquid self-flowing being stored in liquid storage unit 5 is discharged to liquid outlet 11.
Changing food waste of the present invention stores and the method for pretreatment, and the method includes process phase, discharge opeing phase, deslagging phase and exhaust cycle, Details are provided below for it.
(1) phase is processed:
(1) trampling pedal unit 12, open case lid 1, the changing food waste after Preliminary screening is gone out thick foreign material is thrown to pretreatment list In unit 2, can be in the way of using by several times or once adding, dosage reaches the 1/2 of pretreatment unit 2 volume with changing food waste It is advisable to 2/3, plugs in 13 afterwards, start driver part and drive and smashes device 3, by smashing device 3, changing food waste is smashed To the fragment of a diameter of 8-12mm, the partially liq produced in the process is flowed by the space on the barrel of pretreatment unit 2 Go out to liquid storage unit 5 and store;Smashing device 3 when smashing changing food waste, it is smashed the process time and is advisable with 5-10min;
(2) device 3 is smashed in closedown, starts the helical compression device of helical compression part, the changing food waste fragment in pretreatment unit 2 Being compressed by changing food waste fragment by helical compression part, be compacted, solid enters compression temporary storage location, and liquid passes through helical compression Part flows into liquid storage unit 5 and stores, after changing food waste fragment fully enters the temporary part of compression after overcompression, and spiral shell The helical compression device of rotation compression section quits work, and is achieved the solid-liquid separation of changing food waste by compression unit 4;
(3) the turnover panel entrance solid storage element 7 bottom it of the solid in compression temporary storage location stores;
(4) the gas entrance gas storage unit 9 that pretreatment unit 2 and liquid storage unit 5 produce stores.
(2) the discharge opeing phase:
By adding changing food waste several times and carrying out the liquid that the process of above-mentioned process phase, preprocessed unit 2 and compression unit 4 produce Body is all collected storage by liquid storage unit 5, and the liquid level of liquid storage unit 5 constantly rises, and is periodically observed by the observation panel 16 of housing The liquid level of liquid storage unit 5, when the liquid level of liquid storage unit 5 reaches the centerline of observation panel 16, i.e. regards as entering the discharge opeing phase, Carry out drain.During discharge opeing, plug 13 of cutting off the electricity supply, open liquid outlet 11, owing to liquid outlet 11 is less than liquid storage unit 5 Bottom, the liquid self-flowing being stored in liquid storage unit 5 is discharged to liquid outlet 11.
(3) the deslagging phase:
By adding changing food waste several times and carrying out the process of above-mentioned process phase, the changing food waste solid residue compress, being compacted enters solid Body storage element 7, the level of residue that solid storage element 7 stores is on the increase, when the level of residue of solid storage element 7 storage exists During the 1/2-3/4 of its capacity (or depending on the acquisition time according to regular refuse collector), i.e. regard as entering the deslagging phase, enter Row discharges residue.During deslagging, start compressor 6 and be compressed, and discharge residue by discharging opening 8.
(4) exhaust cycle:
By adding changing food waste several times and carrying out the process of above-mentioned process phase, pretreatment unit 2 and liquid storage unit 5 can produce in a large number The foul gas easily polluting environment, the foul gas that pretreatment unit 2 and liquid storage unit 5 produce by air inlet 10 through liquid Entering gas storage unit 9 after sealing groove 14, liquid seal trough effectively stops the gas in gas storage unit 9 to return.In addition gas storage unit 9 attacked by pestiferous factors Odour savings pressure size can be reflected, according to external water by the external water level pressure gage 17 being connected with liquid seal trough 14 The pressure of position pressure gage 17 display determines whether aerofluxus.When the gas pressure in gas storage unit reaches setting value, open gas outlet 15, gas is expelled in the stench collection system pre-set.
Embodiment provided above is only with illustrating the present invention for convenience, and at technical scheme category of the present invention, affiliated technology is led The technical staff in territory is made various simple deformation and modification, should be included in above claim.

Claims (9)

1. a changing food waste stores and the method for pretreatment, it is characterised in that: the method include the process phase, the discharge opeing phase, the deslagging phase and Exhaust cycle, (one) processes the phase: changing food waste is thrown in pretreatment unit by (1), by smash device changing food waste is smashed to The fragment of a diameter of 8-12mm, the partially liq produced in the process flows into liquid storage unit and stores;(2) single by compression Changing food waste fragment is compressed by unit, compacting, and solid enters compression temporary storage location, and liquid flows into liquid storage unit by compression unit Store;(3) the solid entrance solid storage element in compression temporary storage location stores;(4) pretreatment unit and liquid storage The gas that unit produces enters gas storage unit and stores;(2) the discharge opeing phase: when the amount of liquid of liquid storage unit reaches setting value, Drain;(3) the deslagging phase: as the level of residue 1/2-3/4 at its capacity that solid storage element stores, discharge residue;(4) Exhaust cycle: when the gas pressure in gas storage unit reaches setting value, in discharge gas to the stench collection system pre-set.
2. a changing food waste stores and pre-processing device, it is characterised in that: this equipment includes that housing, enclosure interior are provided with pretreatment Unit, compression unit, liquid storage unit, solid storage element and gas storage unit;Wherein, pretreatment unit is for changing food waste Break process;Compression unit for compress broken after changing food waste, realize the solid-liquid separation of changing food waste;Liquid storage unit is used for Store pretreatment unit and the liquid of compression unit generation;Solid storage element is for storing the solid that compression unit produces, gas storage Unit is for storing the gas that liquid storage unit produces;Described compression unit is cylindrical tube, and top cylinder is helical compression part, Lower cylinder is the temporary part of compression;Described helical compression part is the cylindrical tube of punching rate 80-85%, with pretreatment unit Bottom is connected, and is internally provided with helical compression device;Described compression temporary storage part is divided into closed cavity cylinder, and bottom is provided with turnover panel, The temporary part of compression is connected with solid storage element by turnover panel.
Changing food waste the most according to claim 2 stores and pre-processing device, it is characterised in that: pretreatment unit is positioned at housing Top;Compression unit is positioned at the bottom of pretreatment unit, and with the bottom connection of pretreatment unit;It is single that liquid storage unit is positioned at compression The bottom of unit, and carry compression unit and pretreatment unit;Solid storage element is arranged on the bottom of housing, its top and compression Unit connects;Gas storage unit is arranged on enclosure interior side, parallel with pretreatment unit and compression unit, its lower end and liquid storage list Unit connects.
Changing food waste the most according to claim 2 stores and pre-processing device, it is characterised in that: described pretreatment unit is for wearing The circular platform type cylinder of porosity 80-85%, inner barrel is provided with smashes device, smashes device with the tumbler being arranged on cylinder body bottom even Connect.
Changing food waste the most according to claim 4 stores and pre-processing device, it is characterised in that: smashing device is three groups of blades, cutter Gap between sheet and cylinder is 10-15mm, and blade is connected with the tumbler of cylinder body bottom.
Changing food waste the most according to claim 2 stores and pre-processing device, it is characterised in that: it is provided with in solid storage element Compressor, described compressor is connected with motor.
Changing food waste the most according to claim 2 stores and pre-processing device, it is characterised in that: the lower end of gas storage unit is provided with Air inlet and liquid seal trough, air inlet is connected with liquid storage unit, and liquid seal trough is connected with the external water level pressure gage of housing.
Changing food waste the most according to claim 2 stores and pre-processing device, it is characterised in that: the top of housing is provided with case lid, The pedal unit being connected with case lid it is provided with on the sidewall of housing bottom.
Changing food waste the most according to claim 2 stores and pre-processing device, it is characterised in that: the top of housing is provided with and stores up The gas outlet of gas unit connection and the observation panel that is connected with liquid storage unit, bottom be provided with the liquid outlet connected with liquid storage unit and with The discharging opening of solid storage element connection;The center of described observation panel is the high level line of liquid storage unit, and observation panel Centrage and compression unit bottommost flush;Described liquid outlet is less than the bottom of liquid storage unit.
CN201410587522.6A 2014-10-28 2014-10-28 A kind of changing food waste stores and the method and apparatus of pretreatment Expired - Fee Related CN104338740B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106391269A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-02-15 苏州甘泰精密机械有限公司 Dry-wet mixed crushing treatment method of household garbage
CN106734097A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-05-31 天津陆德峰科技发展有限公司 A kind of food waste treatment device
CN109807155B (en) * 2018-12-27 2020-04-24 江苏轻石科技有限公司 Kitchen waste treatment equipment

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CN204135051U (en) * 2014-10-28 2015-02-04 山东科技大学 A kind of changing food waste stores and pre-processing device

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