CN104338740A - Method and equipment for storing and pre-treating kitchen wastes - Google Patents

Method and equipment for storing and pre-treating kitchen wastes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104338740A
CN104338740A CN201410587522.6A CN201410587522A CN104338740A CN 104338740 A CN104338740 A CN 104338740A CN 201410587522 A CN201410587522 A CN 201410587522A CN 104338740 A CN104338740 A CN 104338740A
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China
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unit
liquid
storage unit
food waste
compression
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CN201410587522.6A
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CN104338740B (en
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薛建良
徐莹莹
孙自强
连明杰
吴亚男
于昊
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method and equipment for storing and pre-treating kitchen wastes. The equipment comprises a shell; a pre-treating unit, a compressing unit, a liquid storing unit, a solid storing unit and an air storing unit are arranged inside the shell, wherein the pre-treating unit is used for crushing the kitchen wastes, the compressing unit is used for compressing the crushed kitchen wastes and realizing solid-liquid separation of the kitchen wastes, the liquid storing unit is used for storing liquid generated by the pre-treating unit and the compressing unit, the solid storing unit is used for storing solids generated by the compressing unit, and the air storing unit is used for storing air generated by the liquid storing unit. By integrating kitchen waste crushing, solid-liquid separation and smelly air collection, the equipment disclosed by the invention is used for pre-treating and storing the kitchen wastes; the pre-treatment is more beneficial for transportation and subsequent anaerobic treatment; the equipment can be widely applied to foodservice industries such as family, community, restaurant and large hotel so as to realize source treatment of the kitchen wastes; the source of kitchen waste pollution is cut off so that bad influences of the kitchen wastes to environment are reduced, and environmental protection is facilitated.

Description

A kind of changing food waste stores and pretreated method and apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to technology of garbage disposal, specifically, relate to a kind of of short duration storage changing food waste and its pretreatment realized the method and apparatus of Separation of Solid and Liquid.
Background technology
Along with the lifting of China's economic strength, the living standard of people improves constantly, and the changing food waste that family, catering industry produce also increases thereupon.At present, the generation of changing food waste existing geometric growth trend relatively decades ago.The generation of a large amount of changing food wastes, must bring huge harm to environment.But China's changing food waste treatment industry is in the starting stage.Adopting anaerobic fermentation to produce treatable method is one of emphasis of Future Development, and this technology is the advanced treating to changing food waste, and existing existing ripe technological process and scheme.But the pre-processing requirements of this technology to changing food waste is higher.The preconditioning technique method and apparatus of changing food waste mainly concentrates on Separation of Solid and Liquid, water-oil separating aspect, and collects the foul gas produced, and pretreating effect directly has influence on the effect of follow-up anaerobism production capacity and the impact on environment.The pretreated method and apparatus of existing changing food waste, great majority are positioned at destructor plant or refuse landfill, and its feature is maximization substantially, power consumption is large and focus on.Such as, the utility model patent that the patent No. is 201420114203.9, publication number is CN203817034U discloses a kind of changing food waste making beating sorting unit, and this device belongs to a kind of large-scale pretreatment unit, is applicable to being applied to bulky refuse treatment plant.Although these technology are conducive to follow-up Anaerobic Treatment, the pollution on changing food waste source is not strictly controlled.Such as, the environmental risk that all exists of the aspect such as temporary after producing, the transport of changing food waste.
Therefore, propose a kind ofly to be positioned to serve the portable pretreatment unit that family, food and beverage enterprise or food and drink produce aggregation zone and to seem very important.The present invention proposes a kind of collection kitchen garbage breaking, Separation of Solid and Liquid and foul smell and is collected as one pretreatment unit, can be widely used in generation region, kitchen of eating, and can more be conducive to transporting and follow-up Anaerobic Treatment after pretreatment.The innovation of this product is that volume is little, and energy consumption is low, can portable transportation, extensively can be extended to family, community, the catering industry such as dining room and large hotel, the changing food waste of generation can be done a watershed management.
Summary of the invention
The above-mentioned deficiencies such as the power consumption that the object of the invention is to store for changing food waste and exist in preprocessing process is large, contaminated environment, a kind of changing food waste is provided to store and pretreated method and apparatus, this equipment volume is little, it is low to consume energy, can portable transportation, the catering industries such as family, community, dining room and large hotel can be widely used in, achieve the watershed management of changing food waste.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of changing food waste stores and pretreated method, the method comprises process phase, discharge opeing phase, deslagging phase and exhaust cycle, (1) phase is processed: changing food waste is thrown in in pretreatment unit by (1), by smashing device, to be smashed by changing food waste to diameter be the fragment of 8-12mm, and the partially liq produced in the process flows into liquid storage unit and stores; (2) by compression unit by changing food waste fragment compress, compacting, solid enters compression temporary storage location, and liquid flows into liquid storage unit by compression unit and stores; (3) solid in compression temporary storage location enters solid storage element and stores; (4) gas that pretreatment unit and liquid storage unit produce enters gas storage unit and stores; (2) the discharge opeing phase: when the amount of liquid of liquid storage unit reaches setting value, liquid is discharged; (3) the deslagging phase: as the 1/2-3/4 of level of residue at its capacity that solid storage element stores, discharge residue; (4) exhaust cycle: when the gas pressure in gas storage unit reaches setting value, Exhaust Gas is in the stench gathering system pre-set.
Present invention also offers a kind of changing food waste to store and pre-processing device, this equipment comprises housing, and enclosure interior is provided with pretreatment unit, compression unit, liquid storage unit, solid storage element and gas storage unit; Wherein, pretreatment unit is used for the break process of changing food waste; Compression unit is for compressing the changing food waste after fragmentation, realizing the Separation of Solid and Liquid of changing food waste; Liquid storage unit is for storing the liquid of pretreatment unit and compression unit generation; The solid that solid storage element produces for storing compression unit, the gas that gas storage unit produces for storing liquid storage unit.
Further, pretreatment unit is positioned at the top of housing; Compression unit is positioned at the bottom of pretreatment unit, and with the bottom connection of pretreatment unit; Liquid storage unit is positioned at the bottom of compression unit, and carries compression unit and pretreatment unit; Solid storage element is arranged on the bottom of housing, and its top is connected with compression unit; Gas storage unit is arranged on enclosure interior side, and walk abreast with pretreatment unit and compression unit, its lower end is connected with liquid storage unit.
Preferably, described pretreatment unit is the circular platform type cylindrical shell of punching rate 80-85%, and inner barrel is provided with smashes device, smashes device and is connected with the tumbler being arranged on cylinder body bottom.
Preferably, smashing device is three groups of blades, and the gap between blade and cylindrical shell is 10-15mm, and blade is connected with the tumbler of cylinder body bottom.
Preferably, described compression unit is cylindrical tube, and top cylindrical shell is helical compression part, and lower cylinder is the temporary part of compression; Described helical compression part is the cylindrical tube of punching rate 80-85%, is connected with the bottom of pretreatment unit, and inside is provided with helical compression device; Described compression temporary storage part is divided into closed cavity cylindrical shell, and bottom is provided with turnover panel, and the temporary part of compression is connected with solid storage element by turnover panel.
Further, be provided with compressor reducer in solid storage element, described compressor reducer is connected with motor.
Further, the lower end of gas storage unit is provided with air inlet and liquid seal trough, and air inlet is connected with liquid storage unit, and liquid seal trough is connected with the external water level pressure gage of housing.
Further, the top of housing is provided with case lid, the sidewall of housing bottom is provided with the pedal unit be connected with case lid.
Further, the top of housing is provided with the gas outlet be communicated with gas storage unit and the observation panel be connected with liquid storage unit, and bottom is provided with the liquid outlet be communicated with liquid storage unit and the discharging opening be communicated with solid memory cell; The center of described observation panel is the highest liquid level line of liquid storage unit, and the center line of observation panel is mutually concordant with compression unit bottommost; Described liquid outlet is lower than the bottom of liquid storage unit.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention collects kitchen garbage breaking, Separation of Solid and Liquid and foul smell and is collected in one; pretreatment and storage are carried out to changing food waste; can more be conducive to transporting and follow-up Anaerobic Treatment after pretreatment; the catering industries such as family, community, dining room and large hotel can be widely used in; achieve the watershed management to changing food waste; the source of being polluted by changing food waste cuts off, and reduces its baneful influence to environment, is beneficial to environmental protection.Present device effectively innovates combination to current environmental-protection box and rubbish and treatment facility, its structure is simple, volume is little, it is low to consume energy, can portable transportation, adopt classification design Storage, for waste gas, waste liquid, useless solid specific aim process provide prerequisite, for reprocessing is laid a good foundation, be convenient to subsequent classification process and classification loop utilization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the internal structural map of changing food waste of the present invention storage and pre-processing device.
Fig. 2 is the external structure of changing food waste of the present invention storage and pre-processing device.
Wherein, 1, case lid, 2, pretreatment unit, 3, device is smashed, 4, compression unit, 5, liquid storage unit, 6, compressor reducer, 7, solid storage element, 8, discharging opening, 9, gas storage unit, 10, air inlet, 11, liquid outlet, 12, pedal unit, 13, power connection, 14, liquid seal trough, 15, gas outlet, 16, observation panel, 17, external water level pressure gage.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Fig. 1 to 2, a kind of changing food waste stores and pre-processing device, and this equipment comprises housing, and enclosure interior is provided with pretreatment unit 2, compression unit 4, liquid storage unit 5, solid storage element 7 and gas storage unit 9; Wherein, pretreatment unit 2 is positioned at the top of housing, for the break process of changing food waste; Compression unit 4 is positioned at the bottom of pretreatment unit 2, and with the bottom connection of pretreatment unit 2, for compressing the changing food waste after fragmentation, realizing the Separation of Solid and Liquid of changing food waste; Liquid storage unit 5 is positioned at the bottom of compression unit 4, and carries compression unit 4 and pretreatment unit 2, for storing the liquid of pretreatment unit 2 and compression unit 4 generation; Solid storage element 7 is arranged on the bottom of housing, its top is connected with compression unit 4, for storing the solid that compression unit 4 produces, gas storage unit 9 is arranged on enclosure interior side, walk abreast with pretreatment unit 2 and compression unit 4, its lower end is connected with liquid storage unit 5, for storing the gas that liquid storage unit 5 produces.
In order to the liquid collection produced when realizing the fragmentation of changing food waste and be convenient to fragmentation, above-mentioned pretreatment unit 2 is the circular platform type cylindrical shell of punching rate 80-85%, inner barrel is provided with smashes device 3, smashing device 3 is three groups of blades, gap between blade and cylindrical shell is 10-15mm, and blade is connected with the tumbler of cylinder body bottom.
In order to realize the Separation of Solid and Liquid of changing food waste, above-mentioned compression unit 4 is cylindrical tube, and top cylindrical shell is helical compression part, and lower cylinder is the temporary part of compression; For the ease of the outflow of the liquid that changing food waste produces, described helical compression part is the cylindrical tube of punching rate 80-85%, be connected with the bottom of pretreatment unit, inside is provided with helical compression device, for compression, compacting changing food waste, described helical compression device is bidirectional screw blade, is convenient to changing food waste compression, moves; Described compression temporary storage part is divided into closed cavity cylindrical shell, not perforate on barrel, be convenient to store solids changing food waste, the bottom of the temporary part of compression is provided with turnover panel, the temporary part of compression is connected with solid storage element 7 by turnover panel, is convenient to compress solid changing food waste temporary in temporary part and enters solid storage element 7.
Discharge for the ease of the solid changing food waste in solid storage element 7, compressor reducer 6 is provided with in above-mentioned solid storage element 7, described compressor reducer 6 is connected with motor, when the solid changing food waste in solid storage element 7 is the 1/2-3/4 of its storage capacity, drive compressor reducer 6 to compress by motor, by discharging opening 8, solid changing food waste is discharged.
The lower end of gas storage unit 9 of the present invention is provided with air inlet 10 and liquid seal trough 14, air inlet 10 is connected with liquid storage unit 5, the foul gas of a large amount of easily contaminated environment produced in pretreatment unit 2 and liquid storage unit 5 enters gas storage unit 9 by air inlet through liquid seal trough 14, liquid seal trough 14 can stop the gas in gas storage unit 9 to return in liquid storage unit 5 effectively, liquid seal trough 14 is connected with the external water level pressure gage 17 of housing, and the pressure that can show according to external water level pressure gage 17 determines whether exhaust.
The present invention adopts foot-operated automatic control box lid to design, namely the top of housing is provided with case lid 1, the sidewall of housing bottom is provided with the pedal unit 12 be connected with case lid 1, not only health but also environmental protection, it also avoid a large amount of changing food waste simultaneously and expose to contact with air and rottenly produce odor pollution environment.
The top of inventive shell is provided with the gas outlet 15 be communicated with gas storage unit 9 and the observation panel 16 be connected with liquid storage unit 5, and bottom is provided with the liquid outlet 11 be communicated with liquid storage unit 5 and the discharging opening 8 be communicated with solid memory cell 7; The center of described observation panel 16 is the highest liquid level line of liquid storage unit 5, and the center line of observation panel 16 is mutually concordant with compression unit 4 bottommost, when the liquid in liquid storage unit 5 reaches the centerline of observation panel 16, can carry out discharge opeing; Described liquid outlet 11, lower than the bottom of liquid storage unit 5, is convenient to the liquid self-flowing be stored in liquid storage unit 5 and is discharged to liquid outlet 11.
Changing food waste of the present invention stores and pretreated method, and the method comprises process phase, discharge opeing phase, deslagging phase and exhaust cycle, and its detailed process is as described below.
(1) phase is processed:
(1) pedal unit 12 is trampled, open case lid 1, Preliminary screening is gone out the changing food waste after thick foreign material to throw in in pretreatment unit 2, the mode that can adopt gradation or once add, what dosage reached pretreatment unit 2 volume with changing food waste 1/2 to 2/3 is advisable, plug in 13 afterwards, start driver part drive and smash device 3, by smashing device 3, to smash to diameter by changing food waste be the fragment of 8-12mm, and the partially liq produced in the process flows out to liquid storage unit 5 by the space on the barrel of pretreatment unit 2 and stores; Smash device 3 when smashing changing food waste, it is smashed the processing time and is advisable with 5-10min;
(2) device 3 is smashed in closedown, start the helical compression device of helical compression part, changing food waste fragment is compressed by helical compression part by the changing food waste fragment in pretreatment unit 2, compacting, solid enters compression temporary storage location, liquid flows into liquid storage unit 5 by helical compression part and stores, all enter after the temporary part of compression after overcompression until changing food waste fragment, the helical compression device of helical compression part quits work, and is achieved the Separation of Solid and Liquid of changing food waste by compression unit 4;
(3) solid compressed in temporary storage location enters solid storage element 7 through the turnover panel bottom it and stores;
(4) gas that pretreatment unit 2 and liquid storage unit 5 produce enters gas storage unit 9 and stores.
(2) the discharge opeing phase:
By adding changing food waste several times and carrying out the process of above-mentioned process phase, the liquid produced through pretreatment unit 2 and compression unit 4 all collects storage by liquid storage unit 5, the liquid level of liquid storage unit 5 constantly rises, the liquid level of liquid storage unit 5 is regularly observed by the observation panel 16 of housing, when the liquid level of liquid storage unit 5 reaches the centerline of observation panel 16, namely regard as and enter the discharge opeing phase, carry out discharge liquid.During discharge opeing, plug 13 of cutting off the electricity supply, opens liquid outlet 11, and because liquid outlet 11 is lower than the bottom of liquid storage unit 5, the liquid self-flowing be stored in liquid storage unit 5 is discharged to liquid outlet 11.
(3) the deslagging phase:
By adding changing food waste several times and carrying out the process of above-mentioned process phase, the changing food waste solid residue of compression, compacting enters solid storage element 7, the level of residue that solid storage element 7 stores is on the increase, as the 1/2-3/4 of level of residue at its capacity that solid storage element 7 stores (or determining according to the acquisition time of regular refuse collector), namely regard as and enter the deslagging phase, carry out discharge residue.During deslagging, start compressor reducer 6 and compress, and discharge residue by discharging opening 8.
(4) exhaust cycle:
By adding changing food waste several times and carrying out the process of above-mentioned process phase, pretreatment unit 2 and liquid storage unit 5 can produce the foul gas of a large amount of easy contaminated environment, the foul gas that pretreatment unit 2 and liquid storage unit 5 produce enters gas storage unit 9 by air inlet 10 after liquid seal trough 14, and liquid seal trough effectively stops the gas in gas storage unit 9 to return.In addition in gas storage unit 9, foul gas savings pressure size can be reflected by the external water level pressure gage 17 be connected with liquid seal trough 14, determines whether exhaust according to the pressure that external water level pressure gage 17 shows.When the gas pressure in gas storage unit reaches setting value, open gas outlet 15, gas is expelled in the stench gathering system pre-set.
Above illustrated embodiment is only with illustrating the present invention for convenience, and at technical scheme category of the present invention, person of ordinary skill in the field does various simple deformation and modification, all should be included in above claim.

Claims (10)

1. a changing food waste stores and pretreated method, it is characterized in that: the method comprises process phase, discharge opeing phase, deslagging phase and exhaust cycle, (1) phase is processed: changing food waste is thrown in in pretreatment unit by (1), by smashing device, to be smashed by changing food waste to diameter be the fragment of 8-12mm, and the partially liq produced in the process flows into liquid storage unit and stores; (2) by compression unit by changing food waste fragment compress, compacting, solid enters compression temporary storage location, and liquid flows into liquid storage unit by compression unit and stores; (3) solid in compression temporary storage location enters solid storage element and stores; (4) gas that pretreatment unit and liquid storage unit produce enters gas storage unit and stores; (2) the discharge opeing phase: when the amount of liquid of liquid storage unit reaches setting value, liquid is discharged; (3) the deslagging phase: as the 1/2-3/4 of level of residue at its capacity that solid storage element stores, discharge residue; (4) exhaust cycle: when the gas pressure in gas storage unit reaches setting value, Exhaust Gas is in the stench gathering system pre-set.
2. changing food waste stores and a pre-processing device, and it is characterized in that: this equipment comprises housing, enclosure interior is provided with pretreatment unit, compression unit, liquid storage unit, solid storage element and gas storage unit; Wherein, pretreatment unit is used for the break process of changing food waste; Compression unit is for compressing the changing food waste after fragmentation, realizing the Separation of Solid and Liquid of changing food waste; Liquid storage unit is for storing the liquid of pretreatment unit and compression unit generation; The solid that solid storage element produces for storing compression unit, the gas that gas storage unit produces for storing liquid storage unit.
3. changing food waste according to claim 2 stores and pre-processing device, it is characterized in that: pretreatment unit is positioned at the top of housing; Compression unit is positioned at the bottom of pretreatment unit, and with the bottom connection of pretreatment unit; Liquid storage unit is positioned at the bottom of compression unit, and carries compression unit and pretreatment unit; Solid storage element is arranged on the bottom of housing, and its top is connected with compression unit; Gas storage unit is arranged on enclosure interior side, and walk abreast with pretreatment unit and compression unit, its lower end is connected with liquid storage unit.
4. changing food waste according to claim 2 stores and pre-processing device, it is characterized in that: described pretreatment unit is the circular platform type cylindrical shell of punching rate 80-85%, inner barrel is provided with smashes device, smashes device and is connected with the tumbler being arranged on cylinder body bottom.
5. changing food waste according to claim 4 stores and pre-processing device, it is characterized in that: smashing device is three groups of blades, and the gap between blade and cylindrical shell is 10-15mm, and blade is connected with the tumbler of cylinder body bottom.
6. changing food waste according to claim 2 stores and pre-processing device, and it is characterized in that: described compression unit is cylindrical tube, top cylindrical shell is helical compression part, and lower cylinder is the temporary part of compression; Described helical compression part is the cylindrical tube of punching rate 80-85%, is connected with the bottom of pretreatment unit, and inside is provided with helical compression device; Described compression temporary storage part is divided into closed cavity cylindrical shell, and bottom is provided with turnover panel, and the temporary part of compression is connected with solid storage element by turnover panel.
7. changing food waste according to claim 2 stores and pre-processing device, and it is characterized in that: be provided with compressor reducer in solid storage element, described compressor reducer is connected with motor.
8. changing food waste according to claim 2 stores and pre-processing device, and it is characterized in that: the lower end of gas storage unit is provided with air inlet and liquid seal trough, and air inlet is connected with liquid storage unit, liquid seal trough is connected with the external water level pressure gage of housing.
9. changing food waste according to claim 2 stores and pre-processing device, it is characterized in that: the top of housing is provided with case lid, the sidewall of housing bottom is provided with the pedal unit be connected with case lid.
10. changing food waste according to claim 2 stores and pre-processing device, it is characterized in that: the top of housing is provided with the gas outlet be communicated with gas storage unit and the observation panel be connected with liquid storage unit, and bottom is provided with the liquid outlet be communicated with liquid storage unit and the discharging opening be communicated with solid memory cell; The center of described observation panel is the highest liquid level line of liquid storage unit, and the center line of observation panel is mutually concordant with compression unit bottommost; Described liquid outlet is lower than the bottom of liquid storage unit.
CN201410587522.6A 2014-10-28 2014-10-28 A kind of changing food waste stores and the method and apparatus of pretreatment Expired - Fee Related CN104338740B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106391269A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-02-15 苏州甘泰精密机械有限公司 Dry-wet mixed crushing treatment method of household garbage
CN106734097A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-05-31 天津陆德峰科技发展有限公司 A kind of food waste treatment device
CN111215433A (en) * 2018-12-27 2020-06-02 杭州汉山环境工程技术有限公司 Kitchen garbage treatment equipment

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CN103752586A (en) * 2014-01-24 2014-04-30 大连泰达环保有限公司 Comprehensive utilization pretreatment method of kitchen waste
CN204135051U (en) * 2014-10-28 2015-02-04 山东科技大学 A kind of changing food waste stores and pre-processing device

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KR20100041989A (en) * 2008-10-15 2010-04-23 김대중 Apparatus for refuse and waste water treatment
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CN102125925A (en) * 2010-12-30 2011-07-20 东莞市东力环保设备有限公司 Kitchen garbage treating device
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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106391269A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-02-15 苏州甘泰精密机械有限公司 Dry-wet mixed crushing treatment method of household garbage
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CN111215433B (en) * 2018-12-27 2022-05-10 浙江绿华生态科技有限公司 Kitchen garbage treatment equipment

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